Elias’ Story
My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa.The time when(at which) I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
The time was a very difficult period of my life. (at The time) I first met Nelson Mandela.
I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
Mandela was the black lawyer.
I went to the black lawyer for advice.
He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.
特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时使用as或which 做关系词，代整个主句，as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
A woman killed her husband,which frightened me very much.
A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,which surprises all the people.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As can be seen from his eyes, he is angry.
I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school at six.The school where(in/at which)I studied for only two
years was three kilometers away.
The school was three kilometers away.
I studied (in/at The school) for only two years
I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.
I could not read or write well. After (I was)
trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.
状语从句中的省略省略句的规则
1.当从句的主语和主句的主语一致(或者从句的主语为it)．
2.从句谓语中包含be动词be doing,be done,be to do,be+adj
满足这两个条件可以省去从句的主语和be动词．保留be之后的部分，被保留部分常为现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词等。
You can’t speak until (you are) spoken to.
I’ll buy a new phone if(it is) necessary.
While (I was) running, I heard my name called.
However, this was a time when(at which) one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
this was a time.
one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg(at a time).
Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.
The day when(on which)Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.
The day was one of my happiest.
Nelson Mandela helped me (on The day).
He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful about my future. I never forgot how kind Mandela was. When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could.
as...as "和...一样",同级比较.第一个as为副词,第二个as为连词.
其基本结构为：as+ adj./ adv.+as.
This film is as interesting as that one.
Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.
否定式为not as +adj./ adv.+as.
This dictionary is not as useful as you think.
若有倍数修饰,如twice,three times,half,a quarter等,则须置于第一个as之前.
Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的袋子比我的贵一倍.
He said:“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping out rights and progress,
我们赋予无生命主语以人或人的团体所特有的动作，常用see，find，tell，say等动词作谓语，来使用拟人手法，增加句子的表现力。
My watch says it is five o’clock now.
The one look had told Mary what sort of man she had to
deal with.
The sight of the boy always reminds me of her parents．
This old building has seen wonderful days.
Many troubles visited the poor old man last year.
until today we have reached a stage where(on
which)we have almost no rights at all.”
we have reached a stage.
we have almost no rights at all (on a stage).
It was the truth. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted.
They could not get the jobs.
they wanted the jobs.
关系代词在从句中作宾语时，关系代词常常省略。
The man whom/that we saw yesterday is Mr.Brown.
The man we saw yesterday is Mr.Brown.
The picture which/that your are looking at was painted by me.
The picture your are looking at was painted by me.
介词前置在关系代词之前，关系代词绝对不可省。
The girl with whom I work is coming.
The window through which you can see many people is ver large. The parts of town in which(where)they had to live were decided by white people.
The parts of town were decided by white people.
they had to live in The parts of town.
The places outside the towns where(in which)
they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.
The places outside the towns were the poorest parts of South Africa.
they were sent to live (in The places).
No one could grow food there. In fact as Nelson Mandela said:
“…we were put into a position in which(where) we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government.
we were put into a position.
we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government in a position.
either...or... "或者……或者……；不是……就是……"
When the girl is happy,she either sings or dances.
either...or...连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致, "就近原则".
Either you or I am going there tomorrow.
Are either you or I going there tomorrow?
Either you or he has lunch at school.
Do either you or he have lunch at school?
对either...or...句型进行否定时,只需either...or...换成neither...nor...
Either you or she is good at drawing. 你或她擅长绘画.
Neither you nor she is good at drawing.你和她都不擅长绘画. neither...nor... "既不……也不……"
She likes neither butter nor cheese.
neither...nor...连接两个主语时,也应遵循"就近原则".
Neither Tom nor his parents are at home today.
neither...nor...句型变为肯定句,只需把neither...nor...改为both...and...即可,同时谓语动词必须用复数形式.
Neither Tom nor Jack likes football.
Both Tom and Jack like football.
We chose to attack the laws. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful;
We first broke the law in a way.
a way was peaceful.when this was not allowed…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.”
“only＋状语”在句首时，句子要部分倒装。
部分倒装：助动词/情态动词/be+主语+谓语动词
Only by this means is it possible to explain it.
Only then did I realize the importance of English.
Only in this way can you learn from your mistakes.
“only＋主语”在句首时，不需要部分倒装。
Only I can do it well.
Only socialism can save China.
As a matter of fact, I do not like violence… but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
必修一Unit 5 课文内容 1.He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969. 本句中，名词man被序数词the first修饰，后面的不定式短语to land on the moon in July 1969为后置定语，修饰the first man. △the first/second ... + 名词+ 不定式 当名词前有the first, the second等序数词时，后面常用不定式（短语）做后置定语。 Eg. Tom is the first person to think of the idea. Li Ming was the third to arrive. △序数词、最高级、the last, the only等词或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。 Eg. He was the best man to do the job. 练习： 1. 在课堂上，他总是第一个回答问题的学生。 He is always the first student ______________ in class. (answer) 2. Mo Yan won the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature. He is the first Chinese ______ the prize. A. has won B. to win C. won D. win 2.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 这是一个主从复合句，定语从句when I first met Nelson Mandela修饰先行词the time，关系词when在句中作时间状语。 △when引导的定语从句 ⑴when可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导费限制性定语从句，先行词往往是表示时间 的名词，如day, time, year, occasion等、 ⑵when引导定语从句时，相当于“相应的介词in/during/at/on...+which” Eg. I still remember the day when (= on which) I first met Jennifer. Next month, when (= in which) you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 练习： 1.I’ve always longed for the days. I should be able to be independent then. →_______________________________________________________ 2.There are moments. I forget all about it then. →_______________________________________________________ 3. ... Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence ... 句中only then置于句首，句子用的是部分倒装结构。该句的自然语序为“...we decided to answer violence with violence only then...” △“Only + 状语/状语从句”位于句首引起的倒装句” 在英语中，“only + 状语/状语从句”位于句首时，句子/主句要部分倒装，即把句子/主句中的助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语前面。 Eg. Only then did I find that I got lost in the forest. Only when I reread the novel did I realize that it was well written. △⑴only修饰的状语可以是副词、介词短语，也可以是状语从句，如果only修饰的是状语从句，则主倒从不倒。 Eg. Only when a child grow up can he understand his parents’ intentions.
必修1 第一单元 Reading 阅读 ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so the had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hide away for two years before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now r ead how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15, June, 1944 Dear kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here.…For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time some months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… …Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Yours, Anne Using Language 语言运用 Reading and listening 读与听 1 Read the letter that Lisa wrote to Miss Wang of Radio for Teenagers and predict what Miss Wang will say. After listening, check and discuss her advice. Dear Miss Wang, I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment. I’m getting along well with a boy in my class. We often do homework together and we enjoy helping each other. We have become really good friends. But other students have started gossiping. They say that this boy and I have fallen in love. This has made me angry. I don’t want to end the friendship, but I hate other s gossiping. What should I do? Yours, Lisa Reading and writing 读与写 Miss Wang has received a letter from Xiaodong. He is also asking for some advice. Read the letter on the right carefully and help Miss Wang answer it. Dear Miss Wang,
伊莱亚斯的故事 我叫伊莱亚斯。我是南非一个穷苦的黑人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。当时我才12岁。那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求建议的黑人律师。他为黑人提供法律问题上的指导。他对此从不吝惜自己的时间，在这一点上我很感激他。 我需要他的帮助是因为我只受到很少的教育。我六岁开始上学。学校离家有3英里远，我仅仅在那里读了两年。我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法支付学费和交通费。我既不会读，也不会写。几经周折，我才在一家金矿找到工作。可是那个时候你想要住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。非常遗憾的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心我会不会失业。 有纳尔逊曼德拉帮助的日子是我一生中最快乐的时光。他告诉我要在约翰内斯堡站住脚，应当如何获取证件。我对自己的未来更充满了信心。我永远不会忘记曼德拉多么善良。当他组织了非国大青年联盟时， 我立即加入了这个组织。他说:“过去30年来所出现的许多法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”他说的是真话。当时黑人不能选举或选择他们的领导人。他们不能做自己想做的工作。他们在城里的住宅区都是由白人决定的。他们被打发去居住的城镇之外的地方是南非最贫穷的地区。在那儿没有人能够种庄稼。事实上就像纳尔逊曼德拉所说的： “……我们被置于这样一个境地：我们要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府斗争。我们选择向法律进攻。首先我们以和平的方式来打破法律法规，而当这种方式也得不到允许时……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。”事实上，我并不喜欢暴力……但在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的事情，因为如果我被抓住了，可能要做几年牢。但是我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这有助于实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想
必修一 Unit1 Anne’s Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her d iary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. …For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self. But as the moon gave f ar too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… …Sadly …I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longe r because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Yours, Anne
高一英语必修一课文原文及译文 必修一 Unit1 Anne’s Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for
Unit 5 ELIAS` STORY My name is Elias.I am a poor black worker in South Africa.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems.He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. I needed his help because I had very little education.I began school at six. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. I could not read or write well.After trying hard,I got a job in a gold mine.However,this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work. The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg.I became more hopeful about my future.I never forgot how kind Mandela was.When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could.He said:"The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.” It was the truth.Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.They could not get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there .In fact as Nelson Mandela said:“…we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government. We chose to attack the laws.We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.…… As a matter of fact, I do not like violence…but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison.But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. Book 1 Unit 5 △Nelson Mandela /'nelsn m?n'del?/ 纳尔逊·曼德拉(前南非共和国总统) quality /'kw?l?ti/ n. 质量；品质；性质 △warm-hearted /w?:m 'ha:tid/ adj. 热心肠的 mean /mi:n/ adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 active /'?ktiv/ adj. 积极的；活跃的 generous /'d?en?r?s/ adj. 慷慨的；大方的 △easy-going /i:zi:'g?ui?/ adj. 随和的；温和宽容的 self /self/ n. 自我；自身 selfish /'selfi?/ adj. 自私的 selfless /'selflis/ adj. 无私的；忘我的 selflessly /'selflisli/ adv. 无私地；忘我地 devote /di'v?ut/ vt. （与to连用）献身；专心于 devoted /di'v?utid/ adj. 忠实的；深爱的 △William Tyndale /'wilj?m 'tindl/ ` v cde2威廉·廷代尔(英国早期新教改革者) △Bible /'baibl/ n．《圣经》 △Norman Bethune /'n?:m?n b?'θu:n/ 诺曼·白求恩(加拿大胸外科医师) △invader /in'veid?/ n. 侵略者 found /faund/ vt. 建立；建设 republic /ri'p?blik/ n. 共和国；共和政体 principle /'prins?pl/ n. 法则；原则；原理 △nationalism /'n??n?liz?m/ n. 民族主义；国家主义
Journey Down the Mekong 在湄公河下来的旅程 PART 1 THE DREAM AND THE PLAN My name is Wang Kun. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one. Last year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming. They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries. Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too. After graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip. I asked my sister, "Where are we going?"It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.
高一英语必修一Unit 4课文翻译 Unit 4 Earthquakes Reading A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP 地球的一个不眠之夜 Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.河北省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生：For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.三天来，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks.农夫注意到，水井的井壁上有 深深的裂缝，裂缝里冒出臭气。In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.农家大院里的鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不想 吃食。Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds.老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。鱼缸和 池塘里的鱼会往外跳。At about 3:00 am on July 28,1976,some people saw bright lights in the sky.在1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，有些人看到天上一道道明亮的光。The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky.即使天空没有 飞机，在唐山城外也可以听到飞机声。In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. but the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎
必修1第一单元Reading 阅读 ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so the had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hide away for two years before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now r ead how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15, June, 1944 Dear kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here.…For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time some months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… …Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Yours, Anne Using Language 语言运用 Reading and listening 读与听 1 Read the letter that Lisa wrote to Miss Wang of Radio for Teenagers and predict what Miss Wang will say. After listening, check and discuss her advice. Dear Miss Wang, I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment. I’m getting along well with a boy in my class. We often do homework together and we enjoy helping each other. We have become really good friends. But other students have started gossiping. They say that this boy and I have fallen in love. This has made me angry. I don’t want to end the friendship, but I hate other s gossiping. What should I do? Yours, Lisa Reading and writing 读与写 Miss Wang has received a letter from Xiaodong. He is also asking for some advice. Read the letter on the right carefully and help Miss Wang answer it.
M1U1S C H O O L l i f e i n t h e U K Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m. On the first day, all of the new students attended an assembly in the school hall. I sat next to a girl whose name is Diane. We soon became best friends. During the assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote oneself to study and achieve high grades. This sounded like my school in China. I had many teachers in the past year. Mr. Heywood , my class teacher, was very helpful. My favorite teacher was Miss Burke—I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature. In our class there were 28 students. This is about the average size for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names. I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in
高一英语必修一课文原文及翻译 Unit1 Anne’s Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. Sadly I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because na ture is one thing that really must be experienced Yours, Anne Unit2 the Road to Modern English At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world, and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. Native English speakers can un derstand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. Look at this example: British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? American Amy: Yes. I’d like to come up to you apartment.