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情态动词归纳总结

情态动词归纳总结
情态动词归纳总结

情态动词归纳总结

一.概念

表示说话人对所说动作的观点,如需要、可能、意愿、怀疑等。在形式上,情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化。有的情态动词没有时态的变化,如must。情态动词本身词义不完全,不能单独作谓语动词,必须和不带“to”的动词原形连用(即:其后动词必须为动词原形)。二.常见的情态动词

Can, may, must , have to,should, would.(dare , need , ought to )等

三.用法

1 .can

1)表示能力

We can speak a little English.

2)表示许可

Can I go out for a moment?

-No,you can’t.

3)表示请求

Can you help me with my English?

2 .may

May/might既可表示现在的“可能”,也可表示将来的“可能”

如:现在的可能:

It may/might be true.

He may/might be still waiting at the door.

将来的可能:

He may/might leave tomorrow.

He may not/might not leave next week.

注:can与may的区别在于:can表示“可能”往往指逻辑上的“可能性”;may表示可能则指事实上的“可能性”,如:

Mr Green is in poor health.He can be ill at any ill.(逻辑的可能)

Mr Green looks pale. He may be ill.(事实的可能)

3.Must

表示“必须”(带有命令,敦促的语气)

You must read a book before you watch TV.

You must be back in ten minutes.

4.have to

表示“不得不”,“必须”

We have to be quiet in the library.

注:must与have to有时可互换,但must表示说话人的主观意志和看法,语气比较强烈。而have to则强调客观的需要。如:

I must go now.

It’s a little late and I have to go now.

否定含义也不同:musn’t表示“不准”,“禁止”;don’t have to表示“不必”,“没必要”。如:You mustn’t talk to your mother like that.

You don’t have to come if you don’t want to.

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Why does he know this? Can [Could] someone have told him about it? 他怎么知道? 会是哪个人告诉他了吗? (3) “could+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外,还有以下重要用法: ①表示过去没有实现的可能性,常译为“本来可以”。如: I could have lent you the money.Why didn’t you ask me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出? ②用来委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做,常译为“本来应该”。如: You could have helped him. 你本来应该帮助他的。 ③表示“差点儿就要”。如: I could have died laughing. 我差点儿笑死了。 2. may / might用于表推测的用法 表示推测,两者都可用,只是might 比may 语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小。 (1) 在句型使用方面:两者均可用于肯定句和否定句,但用于疑问句时,may通常不用于句首,但可用于疑问句的句中(如特殊疑问句等),而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首,但不算普通,通常会改用其他句式(如用could等)。如: He may [might] know the answer. 他可能知道答案。

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“情态动词+have done”的用法 “情态动词+have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计,是历年高考的热点。现就这一语言现象作如下归纳: 1.should (ought to) have+过去分词 表示过去应该做而(实际)没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气,意为“本应该……”;其否定形式为“should not/ought not to have +过去分词”,表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。 Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t’ show up. (04’广西卷)A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving [解析]本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“Mr. White按道理理应到了,而他没有到”。故答案选[A]。 2.needn’t have+过去分词 表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。 As you worked late yesterday, you_________ h ave come this morning. (06’陕西卷) A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t [解析] He needn't have come,表示“他本没有必要来(实际却来了)”,根据句意,答案应选[D]。 [注意] He didn't need to come yesterday,意为“他昨天没有必要来(实际也没来)”。3.must have+过去分词 用于肯定句,表示“过去一定做过某事”,表示一种很有把握的推测。 [注意] 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t/couldn’t have +过去分词。

情态动词语法讲解

Modal Verbs 情态动词有can (could), may (might), must (must), have to, shall (should), will (would), need (need), dare (dared), ought to 等。情态动词无人称和数的变化。它不能单独使用,必须跟其后的动词原形构成谓语。情态动词的具体用法如下: 一、can, could 1、表示能力。 a. Can you speak English? b. Can you finish this work tonight? c. Man cannot live without air. Note:

(1) can表示能力时,可用be able to 代替。 a. I’ll not be able to come this afternoon. (2) 当我们要表示“某件事情已经 成功”时,应用was/ were able to , 不能用could a. He saw well and he was able to swim to the river when the flood happened. b. He was able to go to the party yesterday evening and he enjoyed himself very much. 2、表示客观可能性

a. People who live near airports can have their hearing harmed. b. The boy can sometimes be very naughty. (表示某人或某物一时的情况,“有时会。。。”) c. The invention can be improve d. d. Even experts can make mistakes. e. He can’t be in Beijing now because I saw him a moment ago. f. He had a lot of work to do last night, so he couldn’t have gone to see a film. Note: 在肯定句中用can表示可能性时,其含义是理论上的可能性,不表示

情态动词have_done

情态动词+have+done是历年高考的重点和难点之一,现将其用法总结归纳如下: 一、must+have+done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句. 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant.你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了 二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2.Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home.玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了 三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”。 1.There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗? 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢? 四、could+have+done’是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做. He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.本来他能通过考试,但他太粗心 五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。—What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. —乔治发生了什么事? —我不知道,他可能迷路了。 六、“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测,might 与may意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙。 2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩。 七、“would+have+done”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”。 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。 2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩。 八、“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了.含有指责对方或自责的含意 1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他如此严厉。 九、“ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做……”,往往表示遗憾。与 “should+have+done”用法基本一样。 I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。 You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。 十、“need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。 I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒,只来了五个人。 He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。 “情态动词+have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计,是历年高考的热点。 1.should (ought to) have+过去分词 表示过去应该做而(实际)没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气,意为“本应该……”;其否定形式为“should not /ought not to have+过去分词”,表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。 Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t’ show up.(04’广西卷) A.should have arrived B.should arrive C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving [解析]本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“Mr. White按道理理应到了,而他没有到”.故答案选[A] 2.needn’t have+过去分词表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。 As you worked late yesterday, you_________ have come this morning.(06’陕西卷) A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t [解析] He needn't have come,表示“他本没有必要来(实际却来了)”,根据句意,答案应选[D]。 [注意] He didn't need to come yesterday,意为“他昨天没有必要来(实际也没来)”。 3.must have+过去分词用于肯定句,表示‘过去一定做过某事’,表示一种很有把握的推测 [注意] 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t/couldn’t have +过去分词。 I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere .(05’北京春季) A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped [解析]本题应选B。本题的前一句说明一个结果,后一句则表示一个原因。 I ____have been more than six years old when the accident happened.(05’天津卷) A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. needn't [解析]从题意上分析,本题的前一句陈述一个理由,后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选[b] 。 4.may/might have+过去分词表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测,表示“过去可能/大概已做了某事”;否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。 We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (06’天津卷) A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t Key:[b] 5.can/could have+过去分词 表示“过去本来可以做某事,但实际上没有做”;否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”;疑问句表示“可能/也许已做了某事吗?”。 --- I stayed at a hotel while in New York . --- Oh, did you? You ____with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed Key: [A] 巩固性练习:从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。 1.---You didn’t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you? ---No, but we ______. He didn’t return home at all. A. couldn’t have waited B. needn’t have C. didn’t need to D. should wait 2.Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up. A. could B. might C. should D. must 3.---May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o’clock tonight ?” 1

英语情态动词的用法大全附解析

英语情态动词的用法大全附解析 一、初中英语情态动词 1.—We've got everything ready for the picnic. —Do you mean I __________ bring anything with me? A. can't B. mustn't C. couldn't D. needn't 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:—我们已经为野餐准备好了一切。—你的意思是我不必带任何东西吗?A. can't 不能;B. mustn't 表示禁止,一定不要;C. couldn't不能,表示过去时态;D. needn't不必。结合句意,故选D。 【点评】本题考查情态动词的用法。 2.—How amazing this robot is! —Wow, it has video cameras in its eyes, so it “see” and interact with pe ople. A. may B. can C. must D. should 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:—这个机器人多么惊人啊!—哇,在它的眼睛里有摄像机,因此它能看见和人打交道。A. may 可以,可能;表示许可,B. can 能;表示能力,C. must 必须;D. should应该;根据it has video cameras in its eyes,可知是有能力看见,故选B。 【点评】考查情态动词辨析。熟记情态动词的含义和用法。 3.—Where is George? —He _______ be here just now. His coffee is still warm. A. need B. can't C. must D. shouldn't 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:——乔治在哪里?——他刚才一定在这里,他的咖啡还是热的。A. need需要; B. can't 不能,不可能(表示推测); C. must 必须,一定(表示推测); D. shouldn't不应该;根据His coffee is still warm.可知表示肯定推测一定在这儿;故答案为C。 【点评】考查情态动词。掌握情态动词表推测时的意义和用法。 4.— Sorry, I forgot to take money with me. Maybe I can't buy the book you like. — Mum, you ______ worry about it. We can pay by Alipay (支付宝). A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:——对不起,我忘记带钱了。也许我不能买你喜欢的书。——妈妈,你不用担心。我们可以用支付宝支付。A. can't不能,指不允许或否定推测;B. needn't 不需,指没必要;C. mustn't不能,表禁止;D. shouldn't不应该,表建议。根据句意语境,本句是说妈妈不需要担心,故答案为B。 【点评】考查情态动词。理解句意并掌握情态动词的意义和用法区别。

表示推测的情态动词

表示推测的情态动词 ■肯定的推测 must, should, may(might) 或could(一般不用can),其中,must的语气最强,译为“一定,准是,想必是”;may(might) , could的语气最弱,译为“也许”、“可能”。如:Th e computer doesn’t work. There must be something wrong with it. 这台计算机开 不了机。一定是有什么毛病了。 It should be fine tomorrow. 明天很可能天晴。 If you look at the moon, you may/might have many questions to ask. 如果你看看月亮,或许会有许多问题要问。 This project could create 5,000 new jobs. 这项新工程可能给5千人带来新工作。 ■否定的推测 表示可能但不是肯定无疑时,常用should not(恐怕不会) ,或用may not, might not或could not,译为“可能不,也许不”;否定语气较强时,则用can’t或couldn’t,译为“不可能”。如: Don’t worry, your father may not have been hurt seriously. 别急,你父亲也许伤得不厉害。 He might not be in England. 他或许不在英国。 There shouldn’t be any difficulty about getting you a visa. 给你弄个签证恐怕不会有什么困难。 After what had happened he could not continue to work there. 鉴于所发生的事情,他不可能继续在那里工作下去了。 He can’t be more than thirty. 他不可能在三十以上。 ■疑问句中的推测 一般用can或could。如: What can he mean? 他可能是什么意思呢? What could have become of him now? 现在他可能怎么样了呢? ■后接的动词形式 对现在或将来的推测一般接动词原形;若表示说话是正在发生的情况,用情态动词+be +现在分词;若要表示对过去的情况进行推测时,用“情态动词+ have + 过去分词”。如:You must know Diana surely. 你准会认识戴安娜。 You must be joking. 你准是在说笑话。

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