My dear friends ,when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest. nanjing has many place of historic interests and has been capital for six "dynasties." but if you leave nanjing without visiting dr. sun yat-sen's mausoleum, undoubtedly you have missed the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city.
Talking about the mausoleum we should have an idea about sun yat-sen, the great pioneer of chinese democratic revolution. mr. sun `s original name is sun wen and styled himself yat-sen. so foreign friends would call him "dr. sun
yat-sen ". since he took "woodcutter in zhoushan "as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called mr. sun zhongshan in china. on october 12, 1866, mr. sun was born in a farmer's family in caiheng village of xiangshan county (the present-day zhongshang
city) ,guangdong province. when he was still young, he had great expectations. he studied medicine in honolulu, hong kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in gangzhou, macao and other places later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities. in 1905, he set up china alliance organization in japan and he was elected president. he put forward the famous guiding principle- "driving the invaders out ,restoring the sovereignty of china, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership " and the three people's principles-" nationalism, democracy and the people's livelihood. " on october 10, 1911, the wuchang uprising broke out and dr. sun as elected inrterim president of the republic of china by representatives from seventeen provinces. on the following new year's day (january 1, 1912) mr. sun took the oath of office in nanjing. from then on ,mr.
sun experienced yuan shikai's usurpation, the second revolution, "campaign protecting the interim constitution." in 1921, mr. sun took the position of president in unusual times in guangzhou. at the first national congress of kuomintang held in quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original three people's principles and put forward three people's new principles. he also proposed the policies of "making an alliance with russia and the communist party of china and helping the farmers and workers. " in november 1924, in spite of his illness, mr. sun went up to beijing to discuss state affairs with general feng yuxiang.
Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on march 12, 1925.
the location of the mausoleum was chosen by mr. sun himself. here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum. you may wonder: mr. sun was born in guangdong but died in beijing. for his whole life he traveled throughout china for the revolution. why did he choose nanjing as the venue of his tomb?
It is said that far before mr. sun took office in 1912, the abbot of lingu monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen. on march 31,1912 mr. un resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the north china and the south china. one day of the early april, he went hunting with hu hanmin around the piety tomb of ming dynasty. they took a rest in the place wehre the mausoleum is located now. mr. sun looked around and said "if possible i would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin." surely, the fengshui of the zijing mountain is not the basic
reason for the location of mr. sun's mausoleum . the basic reason is that, he said on dying "after my death, you can bury me at the foot of the zijin mountain in nanjing in memory of the revolution of 1911, because nanjing is where the temporary government was founded. "so although mr. sun stayed in nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him. fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose zijing mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.
In order to respect mr. sun's wish, the preparatory committee of sun
yat-sen's funeral, including his wife song qingling and his son sunke, examined the area and chose the site for the mausoleum. they delimited 2000 mu and offered a reward in newspaper for the best design of the mausoleum. among all the contribution, young architect lu yanzhi `s design, a design in the shape of a bell ,was highly praised and gained the first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well.
On march 12,1926, the first anniversary of mr. sun's death, the project got started and 3 years later, it was completed in spring of 1929. it cost 1.5 million silver collars totally.
unfortunately, luyanzhi, the young architect with great gift, suffered when supervising the project ,and died at 35, just before the completion of the mausoleum. the completion ceremony was held on june 1, 1929 and mr. sun's remains was transported from beijing to nangjing. from then on ,mr. sun has slept here for nearly 70 years.
The construction of dr. sun yat-sen's mausoleum was an important event in the history of nanjing. in order to meet mr. sun's coffin, the first asphalt road was built from zhongshan port in the west to zhongshan gate in the east; it is 12 kilometres in length and also called zhongshan road. up to today, zhangshan road is still one of the most important main roads. at the same time, the city gate chaoyang gate which was built in ming dynasty was renovated and changed its name to zhongshan gate. between zhongshang gate and dr.sun yat-sen's mausoleum, a road called the mausoleum road was built. just as the people of paris take pride of their les champs-elysees and the people of new york ,the fifth avenue, the nanjing people are prond of their boulevards. and the 3 kilometers long mausoleum road is undoubtedly the best representative of these boulevards. along both sides of the "green corridor" grows the main kind of tree in nanjing as parasols usually chinese people call them french plane trees, in fact they are chinese local products. just because frenchmen took them from yunnan province to france and later they transplanted them in their leased territory in shanghai, that is why they got such a name.
Now ,we are going out of the zhongshan gate and driving along the mausoleum road. the destination ahead is a square in shape of crescent, according to lu yanzhi's design, the place of the mausoleum is like a "duo", a big wooden bell, which was used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time. duo's sound is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world peaceful and happy. the design reminds the people of dr. sun yat-sen's well-known saying "the revolution is far from success and we should continue working
hard." this saying also serves s an alert to the later generation. the
crescent-shaped square is the bottom of the "bell of freedom".
Now ,please look to the south. there is a octagon platform structured with reinforced concrete but covered with jinshan stone of suzhou. the platform is divided into three layers and each layer is enclosed by stone rails. the copper "ding" (an ancient cooking vessel) with two looped handles and two legs weighs 5000 kg. it is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters. it is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum. the "ding " was built in autumn, 1933 with donation of students and teaching staff of the zhongshan university and mr. dai jitao. one side of the "ding " is engraved with three characters "intelligence, humanity and brevity". these three words are the school instruction of zhongshan university. inside of the "ding "stands a hexagon copper tablet on which dai jitao's mother's handwriting of the "filial piety" is engraved. to the bell-shaped mausoleum the "ding " is just like the pendulum . it seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.
Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns. the archway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters hight and 17.3 meters in width. it is made of huge granite from fujian province, but its structure is in chinese traditional wood structure style. now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board. the word in english mean fraternity. they were written by dr. sun yat-sen. the word are taken from a tang dynasty poet han yu's "fraternity is humanity " .it is said that mr. sun very much liked to write these two words to others. dr. sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the
national independence and freedom fro scores of years. so we can say that "fraternity" is the best generalization of his life.
Further from the fraternity archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum. the road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide. the whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific. in order to embody the greatness of mr. sun, the mausoleum followed the example of ancient mausoleums and was built against mountains and the coffin chamber was placed at the top of the mountain that is 160 meters high. in addition, the plants of the mausoleum are symmetric, which make it feel more solemn. now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside ,situate the mausoleum gate, the stele pavilion, the memorial hall and the coffin chamber right behind. the pines,cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent mr. sun's revolutionary spirit and lofty quality. they take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually flanked the sacred road in ancient times. among the trees, cedar is one of the "four kinds of tree for appreciation" and has been honored as the tree of nanjing city. the grand archway at the end of the mausoleum road is the formal beginning of the mausoleum area. it is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep. it is made of granite from the fujian province, too. inscribed on the horizontal board of the middle passage is dr. sunyat-sen's handwriting. it means that the state doesn't belong to one family but belongs to the entire nation and the common people. this is the goal for which mr. sun struggled for his whole life and it is also the excellent explanation of the democracy of the three people's principles. we have passed the gate of the mausoleum, then in front of us is the
stele pavilion. the 9-meter high stele in the middle of the pavilion was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters of yan zhenqing style, "chinese kmt buried premier sun here on june 1, 18th year of the republic of china". these words were written by one of the founder members of kmt, tan yankai. when talking about setting up a stele, wang jing wei and hu hanmin were arranged to write an inscription for mr. sun, but two years passed, yet nothing they could write. because they thought that mr. sun's merits couldn't be generated by word, then they chose to use the present from to praise dr. sun without engraving an inscription.
Going out of the pavilion, we'll see numerous layers of steps. the people of nanjing often say that the steps in the mausoleum ware as number as the stone lions on lugou bridge (known for westerners as marco polo bridge). so when coming here tourists usually ask, "how many steps on earth are there in the mausoleum?" my friends, if you are interested you can count them.
Now we are coming near the top platform. look ,there are two big copper "ding". they were contributed by shanghai municipal government of that time. now, please look carefully. there are two holes in the bottom of the left "ding". why? just let me tell you .in late 1937, when the japanese army attacked nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding. now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind chinese people not to forget the national humiliation. not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style. they are presented by mr. sun's son sun ke and his family.
Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform. here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance. the memorial hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the archway of fraternity. the vertical distance is 70 meters but the plane distance is 700 meters. if you count the steps from the stele pavilion, the number of steps is 290. in order to avoid monotone ,the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform and there are totally 10 such platforms. more marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform. but if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms. the number of the steps, 392, is not a random number, it implied the number of chinese population at that time-392 million.
Now we are in front of the memorial hall and the coffin chamber. they are the major parts of the mausoleum. the construction of these two building was supervised then by lu yanzhi, the gift young designer. if is when he was doing these two building he died of cancer. so when the later generation mention him they would often say, "it is a great pity he died before his complete success." the structure of the sacrificed hall is of a ancient wooden palace style. it is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meter high, surrounded by smaller constructions of fortress style and two 12.6-meter-high cloud columns. its roof, with
double-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue glare tiles. the outside of wall is covered with granite from hongkong. the inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief- "naturalism" "democracy" and "the people's livelihood" . these are the most basic and general guiding principles of
mr. sun's revolutionary activities. above "democracy" , there is a horizontal inscription board with sun's handwriting on it, "fill the world with justice".
Please follow me into the memorial hall. the floor is covered with white and black marble from yunnan province. the colors of white and black are among the traditional color for burial ceremonies in china. there are 12 black stone columns, with 0.8 meter as the diameter for each. you will see that the interiors of the walls around are inset with black marble. now you can have a look at mr. sun yat-seen's handwriting of "programme for founding a state", engraved on the east and west walls. the main colors of the hall are black, white and blue, which are used to express filial piety in china. the inside windows are inlaid with smaltos. they present western flavors especially with floods of sunshine. the style of the whole structure is a blend of the east and the west, representing the well blended doctrine of dr. sun yat-sen.
In the middle is the sitting statue of dr. sun yat-sen in a robe. it is 4.6 meters high and the bottom is 2.1 meters wide. it was sculpted by the famous french sculptor paul arinsky whose native country is poland . he was entrusted by the committee of dr. sun yat-sen's funeral for sculpting it. he chose the italian marble as the material for the statue . in 1930, the sculpture was sent to the mausoleum from paris. its total cost was 1.5 million francs. the sic relief below are pictures depicting mr. sun's life and revolutionary activities.
Passing through the hall, we have come to the coffin chamber. there are two doors that you need to get through. the outer door consists of two
american-made safety door leafs which are made of copper. the nails on them
and the mysterious beasts on the copper loops are typical of traditional chinese. the horizontal inscription board was engraved with "the noble spirit will never perish " which was sun's handwriting for the 72 martyrs'tomb in huanghua mound of guanzhou .the secound door is a single copper leaf engrave with seven characters "mr. sun yat-sen's tomb" which were written by zhang jing jiang.
The tomb is a half globe in shape. the design of kmt emblem is mosaicked in the vaulted dome. the floor of the round room is covered with marble. the room's diameter is 18 meters and the height is 11 meters .the walls are covered with pink marbles. the circular marble pit is 1.7 meters deep and 4.35 meters in diameter. it is enclose with 1-meter-high white marble rails. in the pit lays dr. sun yat-sen lying statue in zhongshan suit. this is sculpted in accordance to mr. sun's remains by a czechoslovakian sculptor. his copper coffin is lying about 5 meters below the sculpture. you may ask why on earth the clothes dr. wears for the sitting statue are totally different from those for the lying one? in those years, the leftists and the rightists inside of the kmt had severe conflicts. the rightists, headed by chang kai-shek wanted to restore the ancient ways and opposed revolution. they insisted that mr. sun should wear long robe, while the leftists insisted he wear zhongshan suit. since they had different opinions thus the two statues have different clothes styles.
My friends, i `m afraid you must be concern about whether mr. sun remains are in the tomb or not. in fact, his remains had a unusual experience. after his death, his remain were dealt with antiseptic and placed in biyun monastery in beijing in march, 1925. when the warlord zhang zong chang was defeated by
the north expeditionary army and withdrew to beijing in 1926, he ascribed his failure to mr. sun's remains and decided to burn them .it is the patriotic general zhang xuelian who sent troops to protect the remains. unfortunately they were once exposed to the air though they were safe again. on may 28, 1929, mr. sun's coffin was sent to pukou from beijing by jinpu railway, and on june 1 it reached the mausoleum. after the grand ceremony of feng'an, the coffin and the remains were put into the pit and used cement to concrete it .the bottom of the tomb is granite. under the copper coffin, there is a specially made wooden pad and enclosing the coffin is a well-sealed crystal box. after the breakout of the resistance war against japan, kmt government planed to transport the remains to chongqing and at the end of the liberation war, chang kai-shek planed to transport it to taiwan this time. because it was not a easy job to take the coffin out and the work might do damage to the remains as well, this plan was fiercely attacked by the engineering field and the left wing of the kmt. at last chang gave up the plan. so the remains have stayed here safely up to today.
Passing through the door in the back wall of the square outside you will arrive at the mausoleum park. the back wall of the park is a "exhibition of construction of dr. sun yat-sen's mausoleum ".the exhibition contains nearly 200 precious historic materials which show the construction of the mausoleum and the process of the transportation of mr. sun's remains.
beside the main structure, there are also some constructions around the mausoleum built in memory of mr. sun. most of the constructions are built after 1929 with the donation of those from both all trades in china and overseas chinese. the fraternity pavilion on top of the plum hill is built with the donation
of a taiwanese compatriot. it was completed on november 12,1993, the 127th anniversary of mr. sun's birthday.
Ladies and gentlemen. mr. sun struggled for a better china for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which lasted for more than 2000 years. he carried out the three principal policies of "making an alliance with russia and the communist party of china and helping the farmers and workers" in his later days. the great feat mr. sun has achieved has gained great respect and praise from people from both home and abroad. after liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.
Now, as one of the "top forty tourist resorts in china" dr. sun yat-sen mausoleum receives numerous chinese and international friends every years. people come here to pay homage to mr. sun. today, the unification has become the main tendency in terms of the relations between the chinese on both sides of the straits . i believe that most chinese people, from both home and abroad, are expecting from the bottom of heart the coming of the day when our country is united and getting more prosperous. at that time, when hearing this. dr. sun would smile and be satisfied for sure in the other world. ok, thank you very much for your cooperation. good bye and good luck!
别再带外地朋友去中山陵夫子庙了，南京这些地方才够逼格！ 昨天，乐乐居然被人嫌弃了事情的经过是这样的同学要来南京玩，我准备带她们去中山陵夫子庙难道南京就只有这几个景点啊，难怪外地人只晓得南京夫子庙中山陵，都怪你们这些人啊在被嫌弃了之后乐乐上网查了查 却发现南京的这些地方更有一番味道老门东 如果你来南京，我不会带你到夫子庙 而是带你到旁边的老门东穿过“老门东”牌坊就进入到老城南 的传统生活一条条的街巷让人感受老城南的面貌街上随处 可见的雕塑还原着当时的老城人民风貌这里不只是布衣百 姓的居所也是拥有着九十九间半的主人蒋百万和富可敌国 的沈万三的故居这里还有郭大爷的德云社有兴趣的还可以 订个票听一场排解心中的忧闷夜幕降临老门东褪去白天的 古老气息尽显现代的繁华推荐理由：老门东本身就是南京老城区的居住区，虽然也经过了改善，但是却在保留原有风貌的基础上，形成了具有南京特色的老城街区。虽然名气没有夫子庙大，但这里却是南京本地的居民很愿意来的休闲地儿交通：地铁：可乘地铁1号线至中华门下，往北步行可入公交：可乘701、706路至军师巷站下车即可开放时间：全天开放门票信息：无需门票地址：南京市秦淮区箍桶巷侧一带南京博物院
如果你来南京，我不会带你去南京1912而是带你去南京博物院进入博物院大门看到的是人文景观与自然景观相映成 趣这里让你感受从古至今的历史演变看远古恐龙的标本，感叹造物的神奇金缕玉衣，惊叹古时的工艺技术去看一看特色的“民国馆”体验民国风情体验一下“老茶馆”听白局徜徉在古都南京悠长的历史长河里数字科技馆感受当代科技的发达 推荐理由：南京博物院是中国三大博物馆之一，坐落在紫金山南麓、中山门内北侧，是中国最早创建的博物馆之一。在这里你既可以看到《盗墓笔记》中金缕衣这样的古代文物，也可以欣赏书画艺术、民间手工艺，甚至在民国街道上走一走，来一场穿越之旅交通：地铁2号线明故宫站下，1号口出，沿中山东路向东步行300米即到。5路、9路等公交在中山门站下即到开放时间：周二-周日9:00-17:00（16:00停止领票进入），周一9:00-12:00（11:00停止领票进入），周一逢国家法定节假日全天开放门票信息：免费开放。凭有效证件现场免费领票，或在官网上免费预约门票后再到现场领票地址：南京市玄武区中山东路321号颐和路 如果你来南京，我不会陪你去游人如织的总统府但是我会带你去逛逛颐和路——一条颐和路，半部民国史颐和路不足一公里但是风格各异的别墅却一一展现走在路上分不清是汪 精卫公馆还是美国大使馆不论是哪座唯一确定的是每个公 馆都有一段自己的往事走在这个短短的路上欣赏着每一处
【欢迎词】 各位游客朋友们，大家好！很高兴见到各位。首先我代表开心旅行社欢迎你们来到南京参观。我姓，是大家的导游，你们可以叫我。我身边这位是我们的司机，陈师傅。陈师傅有多年的驾驶经验，一定会大家一个安全舒适的旅行。今年我们会参观南京的几个著名的景点，有明孝陵、中山陵、夫子庙等。我会尽力为大家提供最好的服务，同时也希望得到大家的配合。最后，预祝大家在南京旅游期间能够得到一个较大的收获，留下一个美好的记忆。 【南京概况】 南京，简称宁，江苏省省会。横跨长江两岸，四季分明，冬冷夏热，降雨充沛。总面积6598平方公里。辖11区2县。总人口达545万。南京又是一座历史名城，是我国七大古都之一，建城已有2400多年。南京一开始叫“越城”，是越王勾践灭吴后命大夫范蠡在今中华门西南长干里所筑，是南京建城之始。后楚国在今清凉山石头山上置金陵邑。公园229年，孙权在南京建都，为南京建都之始。晋司马睿，建立东晋政权，称作健康。此后，南朝宋、齐、梁、陈相继定都健康，经济文化十分发达，南京由此有“六朝古都”的美称。明朝初年，朱元璋在南京称帝，这是南京第一次成为一统天下的全国首都。后来1853年，太平天国定都于此，改名天京。1912年，中华明国成立，孙中山在南京就任中华明国临时大总统，这又使南京成了“十朝都会”。南京农业发达，被称作“玉米之乡”，在工业方面，石油、化工、汽车、电子、生物工程与制药都是南京的著名产业。南京城市建设的发展也位居全国前列。南京长江大桥、南京地铁、奥体中心、过江隧道等都是南京人民引以为傲的标志性建筑。南京是全国优秀的旅游城市之一，又是全国文明城市、国家园林城市，绿化也是全国之冠。
钟山风景名胜区是国家5A级旅游景区、全国生态文化示范地、世界文化遗产所在地。位于南京市东北郊，以中山陵为中心，包括钟山（紫金山）、玄武湖两大区域，总面积约45平方公里。这里自然风光优美、古迹文物丰富，有“金陵毓秀”的称誉。景区分为两部分：中山陵、灵谷寺景区以及明孝陵景区。有中国民主革命伟大先驱者孙中山先生的陵墓－－中山陵以及辛亥革命名人墓。还有孙权墓、明孝陵、灵谷寺等多处名胜古迹。 Zhongshan scenic spot, a National 5A Scenery Sites, is the model national place of ecological culture with the world culture heritage. It is located at a suburb northeast of Nanjing city, with the Sun Y at-sen Mausoleum as its center, including of Purple Mountain and Xuanwu Lake. It is about 45 square kilometers. Being honored as “great and charming place”, it has a very beautiful natural landscape and abundant historical sites and cultural objects. The scenic spot could be divided into two parts: Purple Mountain, Scenic Spot of Dr. Sun Y at-sen’s Mausoleum and the Scenic Spot of Linggu Temple and the Scenic Spot of the Ming Tomb. The great pioneer of China’s democratic revolution-Dr. Sun Y at-sen, as well as other famous people in the Revolution of 1911’s mausoleums are located at here. In addition, there are many places of historic interest and scenic beauty, such as the Tomb of Sun Quan, the Scenic Spot of Linggu Temple and the Scenic Spot of the Ming Tomb, etc. 巍巍钟山，青松翠柏汇成浩瀚林海，空山鸟语、山灵水秀，清幽的“城市森林”凸显“山水城林”融为一体的独特韵味。又有200余处名胜古迹交相辉映，或镶嵌、或依傍、或伫立，勾勒出一条大象有形的历史文脉。当你徜徉其间,饱览钟灵毓秀，探访历史遗存的时候，景区内各处别具特色的生态休闲公园、互动游乐设施亦可带给你足够的惊喜和欢娱。 Purple Mountain has a vast sea of green pines and cypresses. With bird chirps resounding in the empty mountain, this picturesque and tranquil “urban forest” features its unique charm integrating “mountain, river, city and forest”. It constitutes a grand and tangible vein of history and culture, together with its over 200 places of interest. While admiring its picturesque sceneries and visiting its historical relics, you will derive ample surprise and pleasure from unique eco-leisure parks and interactive recreational facilities distributed throughout this scenic area. 中山陵、灵谷寺景区以民国文化、生态休闲文化、佛教文化为主。中山陵平面呈警钟形，有"警钟长鸣，唤起民众"之寓意。中山陵是民国建筑的经典之作；人们用"一座中山陵，半部民国史"来概括它在中国近代史上的文化地位。音乐台为中山陵纪念建筑之一，是世界上与大自然结合最紧密、最具特色的露天音乐台。灵谷景区是国民革命军阵亡将士纪念建筑群所在地，这里古木参天，曲径通幽，灵谷深松在明、清两代均被列入"金陵胜境"。景区内广植桂花，每到秋季，丹桂飘香，香气馥郁，是赏桂休闲的好去处。无梁殿是我国历史最悠久、规模最大的砖砌拱券结构殿宇。 Both the Scenic Spot of Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum and the Scenic Spot of Linggu Temple feature the culture of the Republic of China and the ecological culture. Shaped like an alarm bell, Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum connotes “awakening the common people with the bell ringing all the time”. Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum is a piece of classic works among the buildings of the Republic of China. People summarizes its cultural status in modern Chinese history with “an epitome of half of the history of the Republic of China”.. As one of the memorial buildings in Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum, the Music Stand is the most characteristic outdoor music stand that is most closely connected with the nature in the world.
游中山陵有感 中山陵坐落于钟山脚下，钟山位于南京城东，古称金陵山，汉代始称钟山，自古被称为“江南四大名山之一”因山脊有紫色页岩，每当旭日东升，或残阳斜照，紫气升腾，变幻莫测，故又称为紫金山。中山陵始建于一九二三年，当我们沿着一条古树参天的林荫大道来到广场时，首先看到的是高大的三门石牌坊，上面刻有孙中山先生手书“博爱”两字，这两个字点出了孙中山先生博大的胸怀和崇高的理想。导游说，牌坊这类建筑在功能上主要是用来歌功颂德的。石坊前广场上孙中山先生的立像英姿勃勃，摆动的手势好像正在发表关系国家命运的演说。蹬至台阶再到陵门，经过三百多余级台阶，不知不觉就到了中山陵的最高处陵门以青色的琉璃瓦为顶，门额上是孙中山先生的手迹“天下为公”四个大字。祭堂有三道拱门，门楣上分别刻着“民族”、“民权”、“民生”的横批，往里走便看到大祭堂的两壁刻有关于孙中山先生的简介，黑壁金字，十分醒目。从侧门跨入墓室，只见中央砌有圆形的墓穴，雕有中山先生的卧像，据说当年孙先生在北京逝世后，由专车将灵柩运往到南京，于一九二九年六月一日在紫金山陵园举行大典。直至今日来瞻仰先生的人群还是络绎不绝。抬头望去，上面是绘有国民党党徽的陵顶，在灯光的照射下此地更加的庄严肃穆。站在陵前高台上， 就能看出整座中山陵在青山绿树的环抱之中。居高临下，把整个南京城尽收眼底，有这么开阔的视野，让人的心胸也宽阔了许多。我想，孙中山先生生前所创下的功绩是无与伦比的，所以后人才会建造规模如此宏大的陵 墓来纪念他。不由想起刚才在陵门处看到的无字碑，那是孙中山先生不想把自己的伟绩刻碑上，后人自由评说。就更加深了对先生的敬佩。心中翻涌着中国近代史上那段风云变换的岁月，敬仰之情油然而生。“理想之钟”应长鸣———游南京中山陵有感在通往中山陵园附近的路途中，公路两旁矗立着整整齐齐的参天古树，名曰“法国梧桐”。凉风徐徐吹来，哗哗作响的梧桐树叶似乎在用最热烈的掌声欢迎着我们这些远道而来的游客。这时王导给我们解说到，这些树是当年宋庆龄女士为了迎接孙中山先生的灵柩，特意从法租界买的树苗栽种下来的。民国时期的小树，如今长得如此粗壮而又枝繁叶茂，给人一种“大树脚下好乘凉”的
中山陵讲解词 中山陵是中国伟大的民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓，位于南京市东郊紫金山第二峰小茅山南坡。中山陵坐北朝南，前临平川，背靠青山，其建筑采用依山为陵的形式，墓室建在海拔158米的山顶最高处，比旁边明孝陵所处的位置高出90多米；从牌坊到墓道，高差70多米，平面距离700多米，显得十分雄伟壮丽。 【孙中山生平—安葬紫金山的夙愿—陵墓设计者吕彦直】 孙中山生平： 孙中山，姓孙名文，字逸仙，1866年11月12日生于广东省香山县翠亨村（现已改为中山市），在他带领下，推翻了2000多年的中国封建帝制，这就是中国近代史上影响深刻、意义深远的一次伟大革命——辛亥革命。他是中国辛亥革命的领袖。 1912年1月l日，孙中山在南京就任临时大总统。1925年3月12日逝世。生前孙中山十分喜欢紫金山。看到这里山水相依，气势雄伟，就有了他回长眠此山的想法。为了尊重孙中山先生的遗愿，将他的墓建在了紫金山。 中山陵介绍： 中山陵。于1926年1月15日动工，历时三年多，孙先生的遗体是1929年6月1日从北京运抵这里的。整个陵区的面积达83600多平方米，主要建筑由牌坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、祭台和墓室等组成。根据设计，整个陵区平面呈警钟形，给人以警钟长鸣、发人深醒的启迪。孙中山先生在临终遗嘱中说，他致力于国民革命四十年，深知欲达到此目的，必须唤起民众。
中山陵作为一座陵墓，依山为陵，保留牌坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、祭堂等中国古代陵墓中常用的基本建筑格局，但又剔除了古代帝王陵墓中属于封建糟粕一类的东西，如摒弃用于显示古代帝王威严的石人石兽，同时吸取西方建筑的一些先进技艺。整个构思的确称得上是古为今用，洋为中用，别具匠心，巧夺天工。 各位游客：进入中山陵，首先来到的是陵前的广场。广场位于中山陵的正南端。虽然不很大，但却为陵墓平添了庄严肃穆的气势。请大家留意，我们脚下的这片广场呈半月形，是“钟”的下缘。四周苍松挺立，树大荫浓，恰似革命事业万古长青，枝繁叶茂，生生不息。大家再看，广场南面的高台上，矗立着的是孙中山的全身铜像，气宇轩昂，栩栩如生。 广场南面那座钢筋混凝土结构的八角形石台上的紫铜宝鼎，高4.25米，腹径1.21米，重约5000公斤，是中山陵纪念性建筑之一。这尊鼎铸于1933年秋，是广州中山大学师生和校长戴季陶捐赠的、鼎的一面铸有“智、仁、勇”三个字，是中山大学的校训。鼎内还刻有戴母黄氏手书《孝经》全文，所以叫孝经鼎。 【博爱访—墓道—陵墓正门—碑亭—条堂—墓室—孙中山遗体安葬经过】 各位游客：由广场拾级而上就是墓道。在墓道的人口处，大家请看：这座冲天而立的花岗岩牌坊，高12米，宽17.3米，牌坊上端正中的横帽上刻着“博爱”二字，因此又称为“博爱坊”。这座牌坊建于1930年，采用花岗岩仿木结构，建筑格局为四揽三闭门冲天式。牌坊，在我国古代通常建在帝王陵寝的人口处，用来歌功颂德，至此朝拜者必须下马步行。我们眼
游南京中山陵、雨花台、夫子庙有感 公元2012年4月7日，周六，晴，气温14—25℃日，无锡商院老师带领我们新疆乡镇管理班的学员进行了南京一日游。我们分别游览了南京中山陵、雨花台、夫子庙。 第一站：中山陵园。步行20分钟左右进入陵园内，首先映入眼脸的是石头雕刻的“钟山国家重点景名胜区—中山陵园风景区”。远处有一座塔矗立着，感觉不是很远，于是我们就朝着这座塔奔去。台阶太多了，一段比一段陡峭，有三段很长的台阶。据说三段台阶象征三民主义，三个阶段越来越艰辛。到顶上就是平坦开阔的视线，看下方看不到台阶，却是平坦的地面，象征胜利之后的平坦道路。平坦处是孙中山先生当葬于此，他的雕像屹立在大殿正中央，威严可敬。 第二站：雨花台烈士陵园。远处就看见高耸的碑，同样有很长的台阶，爬到跟前才看清碑上赫然印着金黄色的七个大字：雨花台烈士纪念碑，这是邓小平同志亲笔题的词。在这里我们举行了简短的纪念仪式：向烈士三鞠躬，由我作为代表发言，宣读宣誓词，合影留念。有一点我没明白：三鞠躬的时候为什么少数民族不鞠躬，难道他们的习俗里有什么特殊的规定？纳闷，在这种场合还是顾全大局的好。 第三站：夫子庙。有当地的同乡带领，我们很快就到了那种吃喝玩乐为一体的地方。南京秦淮河畔就在于此，是以夫子庙为中心，包括学宫和贡院在内的建筑群及其文化遗迹。站在秦淮河的桥上，可以看到宏伟巨大的二龙戏珠图墙，河里的小船悠闲的划着，这里还有夫子庙尊经阁、丹樨孔子铜像、江南贡院等。来这里游玩的人还真是不
少，街道到处都是小吃摊、小吃店，各具特色，色香味美，让我一到这地方就寻觅起小吃来。这里还有很多工艺品，百货街，美味店 -------参差不一，逛累了坐在供休息的石凳木椅上，欣赏来往的帅哥靓女，煞是惬意。 匆匆南京一日游就这样结束了，大家带着依依不舍的心情离开了南京，此时想起一句话：来过就不曾离开。我已深深的爱上了这片土地，以后回到家乡，把我们的家乡也要建设的如这般美好。
介绍中山陵的导游词 中山陵地处于南京市东郊紫金山南麓，是中华民国国父、中国民主革命先行者孙中山的陵墓。导游词，欢迎大家阅读。 篇一：介绍中山陵的导游词 步入中山陵大门，我被中山陵的高大和雄伟所吸引了，我们首先来到了陵园广场。广场四周屹立着一棵棵苍松，它们看上去是那样的青翠欲滴，那样的生机勃勃。它们象征着孙中山先生的革命精神永远不倒，又恰似革命事业万古长青，生生不息。继续往前走，一座巍峨耸立着的牌坊便映入眼帘，抬头仰望，由孙中山先生题写的“博爱”两个大字赫然显现在牌坊中央，这苍劲有力的两个字告诫人们，要只求奉献，不求索取;要用大海般的胸怀去关爱天下每一个人从牌坊开始上达祭堂，共有石阶392级，8个平台。我们一边向上攀登，一边拍照留影。走到一半，我向上看了看发现，映入眼帘的只有台阶，没有平台。我再回头往下看时，却只能看见平台，看不见台阶了。我问导游：“中山陵的台阶设计得这么巧妙，可有什么含义呢?”导游说：“从下往上看，只有台阶，寓意着前面的路很艰辛。而从上往下看，全是平台，寓意着当经过了艰辛和磨难以后，看自己走过的路，发现过去的路也很平坦。”奥，我明白了：其实学习也是一样，会经常遇到一些棘手的问题，一旦你弄明白了，才感觉并不是那么难。 处在山顶最高峰的祭堂，有三个拱门，上面书写着孙中山先生所
创导的三民主义“民族”、“民权”、“民生”。堂中置放着孙中山先生的坐像，高4.6米，逼真生动，再进入一扇铜门，可以看见一座汉白玉雕像-孙中山先生静静地躺在灵柩上.听导游说，孙中山先生的躯体在紫铜棺内，被混泥土浇筑在离地面5米的地下... 我久久地站着，心里默默的向这位老一辈革命家致敬! 中山陵之旅，带给我的不仅仅是饱览美景的喜悦，更多的是对社会的思考，对民族的热爱，对领袖的敬意。作为记忆，将永远铭刻在我的心中。 篇二：介绍中山陵的导游词 走过牌坊，顺着墓道，跨过陵门，那连绵不断的台阶映入我的眼帘。拾级而上，来到第五层平台，可以看见一对大铜鼎，上刻“奉安大典”字样，是当时上海特别市政府捐赠的。大家仔细看，会发现在左边那个鼎下面有两个孔。为什么会这样呢?原来这是1937年末日军攻占南京时被炮弹击穿的，换句话说，这两个孔是当时留下的弹坑。如今虽早已时过境迁，但这两个弹坑时时提醒我们莫忘国耻。终于登上顶处的大平台。微风徐徐，此处阵阵松涛，更觉伟人浩然正气与天地同存。这392级台阶，高差约70米，总计有大小10个平台。更妙的是，从下向上看时一望到顶，石阶连绵不断，不见平台;而各位现在朝下看时，却反而不见台阶，只见平台。一路登行，“高山仰止，景行行止”，虽不能至，心向往之，敬仰之情不禁油然而生。 来到顶处的祭堂，祭堂内部以云南产乳白色大理石铺地。堂内有直径0。8米的黑色石柱12根，四周墙壁下嵌黑色大理石。大家可
中国近代建筑史上第一陵，南京中山陵 钟山又称紫金山，古称金陵山，位于南京城东郊。 中山陵是中国近代民主革命先行者孙中山的陵墓及其附属纪念建筑群。 早在1912年，孙中山在紫金山打猎时就曾对胡汉民说：“等我他日辞世后，愿向国人乞此一抔土，以安置躯壳尔。”临终前他对宋庆龄、汪精卫等人说：“吾死之后，可葬于南京紫金山麓，因南京为临时政府成立之地，所以不可忘辛亥革命也。” 1924年10月23日，直系将领冯玉祥率军发动了“首都革命”，推翻了直系军阀首领曹锟任大总统的政府。冯玉祥于11月4日电请孙中山来京指示“一切建国大计”。11月13日，孙中山由广州启程，12月31日到达北京后没有“指示建国大计”，而是检查出晚期肝癌。次年3月12日病逝世于北平（今北京）铁狮子胡同行辕。 孙中山生前曾经吩咐葬礼仪式和棺木式样仿照列宁的格式，永久保留遗体，让民众瞻仰遗容，并要求葬于南京。后因种种原因只好改为土葬。先生灵柩暂厝在北平碧云寺内。 1925年4月，孙中山葬事筹备处广泛征集陵墓设计方案。建筑师吕彦直设计的“自由钟”式图案荣获首奖。陵墓自1926年春动工，至1929年夏建成，原名总理陵园，孙中山先生的灵柩于1929年6月1日奉安于此。整个建筑群依山势而建，由南往北沿中轴线逐渐升高，主要建筑有牌坊、墓道、陵门、石阶、碑亭、祭堂和墓室等，排列在一条中轴线上，体现了中国传统建筑的风格。从空中往下看，像一座
平卧在绿绒毯上的“自由钟”，寓含“唤起民众，以建民国”之意。 （这样倒看对比，中山陵像摆钟的形状） 进入陵园首先是视觉上震撼。整个陵墓用的都是青色琉璃瓦和花岗石
墙面。饱和的蓝白色调异常醒目，同时蓝白色也是国民党党徽“青天白日”的颜色。 从博爱坊到祭堂，共有石阶392级，8个平台，落差73米。392级石阶象征当时全中国的3亿9千200万同胞。 中山陵的设计者和建筑者，巧妙地把392级石阶分成10段，这种布局，独具匠心，颇有特色。 由下向上仰视，只见台阶，而不见平台； 但从上向下俯视，只见平台，而不见台阶。
《巍巍中山陵》课文赏析 （1）钟山的本源出自江苏南部的茅山山脉，它北延至南京、镇江之间，称为宁镇山脉。钟山是宁镇山脉的最高峰，海拔约四百六十米，东西走向，长约七公里，南北宽度仅三公里，由于附近大多是冲积平原和小丘陵，所以山形就显得分外雄伟高大。它的山顶坡陡崖峭，峰石突兀，十分险峻，但山腰以下渐趋平缓，松柏森郁，草莽绵连。在苍翠的林海与山巅紫红色的页岩相互衬映的蓝色的天幕下，形成了一幅十分鲜丽而又和谐的大自然图画。 【品析】 说明钟山的一段，从追溯本源到介绍地理位置，再运用一系列数据描摹全貌，最后按照山顶、山腰的顺序细处勾画山间美景，由总体到局部，有条不紊，娓娓而谈，语言准确简明，优美流畅。 文段写钟山之高，先与其它诸峰作比较，再点出海拔高度与山形原因；写钟山之险，重在山顶，“坡陡崖峭，峰石突兀”，形象而传神；写钟山之奇，一则交待雄伟高大的山形，一则绘蓊郁林海与紫红页岩映衬之景；写钟山之秀，“松柏森郁，草莽绵连”，措辞精准，字无一多无一少。极尽能事描画“鲜丽”“和谐”之景，既表现自然丽色，又为1 ————来源网络整理，仅供供参考
后文张本：正因为如此，中山先生才有身后葬身于此的愿望，而又正因为钟山的地形、环境，方才衬托出中山陵的巍巍气势。 （2）平台是全陵的制高点，与入口处石坊的垂直高度差超过七十米，这里视野辽阔，气象万千，既便近观，又宜远眺。当阳光灿烂时，远处方山如屏，秦淮似带；近处村舍相望，田圃纵横，道路津梁，行人车马，无不纤细入微，仿佛眼前展开了一轴工笔长卷。而当日出日没之际，在晨烟夕雾的迷蒙中，城犹潜蛇，山若伏鳖，馆阁楼台，隐约参错，远峰近树，依稀可辨，人们又好像面对着大幅的泼墨山水。【品析】 平台位于祭堂前，又是全陵的制高点，此处对平台所见景色的描绘既准确地说明了中山陵的建筑特征，又衬托出了中山先生的伟大品格。“垂直高度差超过七十米”，以具体数据说明平台是“制高点”，并借此暗示中山先生对中华民族作出的巨大贡献。接着用“视野辽阔，气象万千，既便近观，又宜远眺”对平台见景进行总写，而后分写“阳光灿烂”和“日出日没之际”两种情况，条理清晰，层次井然，一步步带我们进入一个美仑美奂的建筑艺术殿堂的同时，也让我们领略了文章结构艺术的严谨与精巧。 此外，古典风味浓厚的语言令人耳目一新，如“远处方山如屏，秦淮 ————来源网络整理，仅供供参考 2
中山陵社会实践心得 14财务管理（2）班郝于晴 黄梅时节家家雨，青草池塘处处蛙。聆听雨打中山梧桐的滴答声，一蹦一跳，让我的心久久不能平静，人生总有不期而遇的温暖和生生不息的希望。雨天，我在最好的年华和我们预备党员小分队的你们一起参加了中山陵社会实践，这是我最大的幸运。 山路元无雨，空翠湿人衣 社会实践的第一天，我们一起参观了中山陵。我曾看到过这样一句话：同一条路，也有不同的风景。同是一条路，不同的时间，有不同的风景；不同的人，也会看到不同的风景。路上有什么样的风景，取决于你的心。有人喜欢繁华，有人恋上苍凉，有人倾慕古老。心本身就是一条路，每个人都走在自己的心路上。无论你正在走什么路，用心去走，才会邂逅别样的风景。至于这种风景是什么，这种风景怎么样，只能靠自己慢慢地品尝，咀嚼和回味。 在前往中山陵的大道上两旁高大的梧桐仿佛在向你低诉这里曾经的故事。远远望去，中山陵巍峨壮观，庄严的气息迎面扑来，拾级而上，首先映入眼帘的是一块高大的花岗石碑，上有中山先生手写的“博爱”二字。继续前行，我想努力攀爬的台阶也是在让你明白世事的艰辛吧，当独具特色的建筑物一一呈现，我们读着墙上刻着的三民主义之精髓，感受着孙中山先生为我们带来的记忆。迈着沉重的步伐走进孙中山先生的陵寝，在庄严和肃穆的氛围下，倾听辛亥革命的历史。而在终点俯瞰钟山的壮观景象又能让你感受到在历尽艰辛后获得成功的喜悦与满足，更有一种“会当凌绝顶，一览众山小”的博大胸怀。 站在山顶，我思绪万千。我想很多时候我们只是使用生命，却不曾享受生命。我们被生活所牵绊，金钱，前途，利益……我们追求许许多多的东西，却忘了我们拥有的已经是最幸福的。庆幸吧，我们还能自由的呼吸，拥有健康的身体，美好的早晨和初生的太阳。不要浪费生命，去享受它，只要我们还在呼吸。当然我们更应该燃烧自己的青春，为我们的伟大祖国，为这片大好河山，守护着，奉献着，死而后已。我辈后人需谨记孙中山先生的遗愿“惟愿诸君将振兴中华之责任，置之于自身之肩上”的嘱托，为中华民族的伟大复兴贡献自己的一份力量！ 千里雨声来，尽洗红埃去 社会实践的第二天，依旧是大雨滂沱，但却浇不灭我们小队的热情。今天我们的任务是做讲解志愿者，为前来中山陵参观的游客们提供讲解服务，同时也为有困难的游客们提供帮助。 尽管雨一直下，景区内却依然游人如织，而这对我们志愿者工作能力提出了一定的挑战。广场上“请问洗手间在哪里？”，“我们怎么才能上市中心？”，“玩一趟灵谷寺景区要多少钱？”诸如此类问题一个接着一个，尽管我们小队有不少人，但面对这么密集的问法，大家都有些筋疲力尽，更何况一些棘手的问题大家还要查阅一些手册资料。 也有一部分的同学负责给游客们讲解中山陵的历史。相比博爱广场上的志愿者，文史类讲解员则要累得多，因为广场上的志愿者还能坐着，而文史类讲解员则只能站在一幅幅展板旁边，当然这也只是其中一个小小的累点。因为是第一次接到这样的志愿任务，同学们可谓是克服了一个又一个困难。首先讲解材料是我们自己准备的，但是准备得显然不够充分，尽管展板上每个人物及景点有一定的介绍，但为了更好的服务游客，体现出志愿者的价值，同学们临场强行记忆了一些有趣的故事对介绍进行了延伸。其次，还得客服自身的怯场心理，刚开始有的同学因为对景区不够熟悉，讲解上也照本宣科，游客听一半可能就走开了，不觉有些失落，可大家相互鼓劲，随着重复次数的增多，不知不觉就吸引了许多游客在身边。再者，还得应付一些突如其来的问题，比如“你知道孝陵名字的由来吗？”，尽管有些问题真的超越了同学们的能力范围但大家都始终保持着微笑，坦白地承认自己确实不知道。因为大
My dear friends ,when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest. nanjing has many place of historic interests and has been capital for six "dynasties." but if you leave nanjing without visiting dr. sun yat-sen's mausoleum, undoubtedly you have missed the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city. Talking about the mausoleum we should have an idea about sun yat-sen, the great pioneer of chinese democratic revolution. mr. sun `s original name is sun wen and styled himself yat-sen. so foreign friends would call him "dr. sun yat-sen ". since he took "woodcutter in zhoushan "as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called mr. sun zhongshan in china. on october 12, 1866, mr. sun was born in a farmer's family in caiheng village of xiangshan county (the present-day zhongshang city) ,guangdong province. when he was still young, he had great expectations. he studied medicine in honolulu, hong kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in gangzhou, macao and other places later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities. in 1905, he set up china alliance organization in japan and he was elected president. he put forward the famous guiding principle- "driving the invaders out ,restoring the sovereignty of china, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership " and the three people's principles-" nationalism, democracy and the people's livelihood. " on october 10, 1911, the wuchang uprising broke out and dr. sun as elected inrterim president of the republic of china by representatives from seventeen provinces. on the following new year's day (january 1, 1912) mr. sun took the oath of office in nanjing. from then on ,mr.
游南京中山陵有感 我们组织了一次去中山陵，在去之前我事先了解了一下中山陵。中山陵位于江苏省南京市东郊钟山风景名胜区内，紫金山东峰茅山的南麓。钟山古称金陵山，汉代开始称钟山，东晋时开始称紫金山，紫金山共有三座东西并列的山峰。主峰为北高峰，其余分别为西为天堡山和东为茅山，中山陵便坐落于此。西邻明孝陵，东毗灵谷寺，傍山而筑，整个建筑群依山势而建，由南往北沿中轴线逐渐升高。为我国首批5A级景区。中山陵自1926年1月动工，至1929年主体建成。1929年5月28日，孙中山灵柩由北京运抵南京。三天公祭结束后，6月1日举行了隆重的奉安大典。1931年全陵工程次第落成。中山陵面积共8万余平方米。主要建筑有：牌坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、祭堂和墓室等。环绕中山陵的主体建筑，还有一系列纪念性建筑，如为便于孙中山先生家属守灵而在陵墓后上方建造的永慕庐、存储奉安大典纪念物品的奉安纪念馆以及宝鼎、音乐台、流徽榭、仰止亭、光华亭、行健亭、藏经楼等。从空中往下看，中山陵像一座平卧的“自由钟”。山下中山先生铜像是钟的尖顶，半月形广场是钟顶圆弧，而陵墓顶端墓室的穹隆顶，就像一颗溜圆的钟摆锤。含“唤起民众，以建民国”之意。这组建筑，在型体组合，色彩运用，材料表现和细部处理上，都取得很好的效果，色调和谐，从而更增强了庄严的气氛。既有深刻的含意，又有宏伟的气势，被誉为“中国近代建筑史上的第一陵”。 我们到达了目的地，那景点很多。中山陵的主要景点有：孙中山纪念馆，革命历史图书馆，林荫大道，光华亭，祭堂，陵门，流徽榭，美龄宫，行健亭，仰止亭，议政亭，音乐台，永丰社，永慕庐。其中中山陵有一个紧密的故事：4月24日凌晨，中国人民解放军第二野战军和第三野战军渡过长江进入南京，当时，南京的国民党军队都已撤退，解放军先头部队入城后，向前追击，他们发现陵园内还有一支国民党部队，但这支部队不是国民党的正规部队，而是守卫孙中山陵陵寝的卫队。解放军上级领导得知这一情况后，认为对这支守卫中山陵的拱卫部队，应该区别于参加内战的国民党军队。随即，第二野战军第105师派某团政委刘志诚率领一批战士进入陵园，到达陵园之后，他们与范良等拱卫处负责人谈判，双方一致决定：人民解放军分别进驻中山陵和明孝陵、灵谷寺、紫金山天文台。拱卫大队接受解放军的改编，继续担任中山陵的守卫工作。从此，中山陵的历史翻开了新的一页。 其中有一景点印象极深。从牌坊到祭堂，共有石阶392级，8个平台，落差73米。392级石阶象征当时中华民国人口3亿9千200万。陵墓入口处有高大的花岗石三门牌坊，上有中山先生手书的“博爱”两个金字。石坊后是长达375米、宽40米的墓道。前行为陵门，它以青色的琉璃瓦为顶，门额上为孙中山的手迹“天下为公”四个大字。碑亭，一块高约6米的碑石上刻着“中国国民党葬总理孙先生於此中华民国十八年六月一日”的鎏金大字。中山陵一共有三百九十二级台阶。在台阶上置放有各种铜鼎，其中几个被当年侵略南京的日本军队的炮弹打中，留下很深的凹洞。处在山顶最高峰的祭堂，有三个拱门，上书中国国父孙中山先生所创导的三民主义分书“民族”、“民权”、“民生”。堂中有中山先生大理石坐像一座，高 4.6米，逼真生动，是世界名雕刻家保罗兰窦斯基的杰作。殿
江苏南京 - 中山陵导游词 中山陵是我国伟大的民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓，它坐落在江苏省南京市东郊钟山东峰小茅山的南麓，西邻明孝陵，东毗灵谷寺，整个建筑群依山势而层层上升，气势宏伟！ 1925 年 3月 12 日，孙中山在北京逝世，遵照他生前安葬在钟山的遗愿，灵柩暂停放在北京香山碧云寺内，并决定在南京钟山修建他的陵墓。中山陵由陵墓样稿得奖者、著名建筑师吕彦直设计施工。 整个墓区平面形如大钟，钟的顶为山下半月形广场，广场南端的鼎台（现改为中山先生的立像）为大钟的钟纽，钟锤就是半球形的墓室。“鼎”在古代是权力的象征，因此整个大钟乃含“唤起民众，以建民国”之意。陵坐北朝南，傍山而筑，由南往北沿中轴线逐渐升高，依次为广场、石坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、祭堂、墓室。 祭堂的正中，为孙中山先生的汉白玉坐像，此像为国外雕塑名家保罗兰德斯所作。坐像德基座四周雕刻着孙中山先生的革命业绩，祭堂四壁的黑色大理石墙上刻有孙中山亲笔书写的＞和胡汉民等人书写的＞。祭堂之后有一个铜门，横额上书“浩气长存”四个大字，亦是孙中山先生的手笔。门内即为钟形墓室，其中央有一直径 4 米、深 5 米的圆形大理石圆穴。孙中山的汉白玉灵柩及卧像即安放在圆穴中，瞻仰者可围绕汉白玉栏杆俯视灵柩上的卧像，此像系捷克雕刻家高棋按遗体形象塑造，十分逼真。孙中山先生虽然与世长辞，但是他浩气长存，永远为世人所敬仰。中山陵的建筑风格中西合壁，钟山的雄伟形势与各个牌坊、陵门、碑亭、祭堂和墓室，通过大片绿地和宽广的通天台阶，连成一个大的整体，显得十分庄严雄伟，既有深刻的含意，又显得十分庄严雄伟，更有宏伟的气势，设计非常成功，所以被誉为“中国近代建筑史上的第一陵”。
中山陵日语导游词 江苏景点导游词2010-11-26 15:13:58 阅读46 评论0 字号：大中小订阅 前にある城门は、中山门といいます。もともとは朝阳门と呼ばれていましたが、孙中山（孙文）を记念するため中山门と名前を改めたとのことです。この城壁は、６００年前の明王朝の初めに筑かれたものです。明の初代皇帝、朱元章は南京に都を置いた後、自分の支配を固めるために２０万人もの人々を使って、１８年间かけてこの城壁を筑き上げました。周囲の长さは３３．６キロメートルです。 现在の城壁は、半分が当时のまま保存されています。南京城は、いま世界に残されている古いお城の中 で最大のものです。 この辺りは东郊风地区といいます。南京の东の郊外の名所地です。この辺りにはいろいろな木がたくさん植えられていますが、特にプラタナスの并木はとてもきれいです。夏の暑い日にはこの辺りを散策す るととても凉しいです。 もうすぐ中山陵に到着しますが、中山陵について少しご绍介させていただきます。 中山陵は、わが国の伟大な革命先駆者、孙中山（孙文）先生のご陵墓です。孙中山先生のことについてはみなさんもよくご存知かもしれませんが、简単にご绍介させていただきます。 孙中山先生の名は「文」、字を「逸仙」といいます。日本では「孙文」という名前のほうがよく知られ ていると思います。 孙文先生は１８６６年１１月１２日、広东省香山県の农家に生まれ、（现在この県は孙中山先生の名にちなんで中山県と改名されています。）１９２５年３月１２日、病のためこの世を去っています。享年５９歳でした。そして孙文先生の生前の愿いに従って、１９２９年６月１日にここ南京に葬られました。 孙文先生は４０年もの长い时间を中华民族の振兴のために尽くされました。ところで先生の出身地も、亡くなった场所も南京ではないのにどうして南京に葬られたと思いますか？ １９１１年、辛亥革命が成功した後、孙文先生は南京に中华民国临时政府をつくって、临时大统领に就任されました。とても多忙でしたが、时々休みを取ってこの紫金山へ猟に出かけていました。先生はこの辺りの自然や景色の素晴らしさをとても気に入ったようで、付き添いの人に冗谈半分で「自分が死んだら、ぜひこの辺りに墓を造ってほしい」と言ったそうです。冗谈ではありますが、先生の愿いでもあると察した国民党政府は、先生が亡くなった後、１９２６年から１９２９年まで３年间かけて陵墓を造りました。この工事の设计者は、中国の名高い建筑士?吕彦直（ろえんちょく）さんです。敷地面积は８ 万平方メートルあります。 陵墓は警钟のような形をしていますが、これは民衆に対し目を覚まし、奋い立つよう呼びかける钟を表现しており、孙文先生が一生涯をかけて奋闘された実绩を象徴しているかのようです。 この陵墓は、広场、鸟居、参道、正门、碑亭、祭殿、墓室からなっています。一番高い所は祭坛で、海抜は１５８メートル、标高は７３．３メートルあります。この入り口から祭坛までの石段はかなり长いですが、石段は平らですし、ひとつの石段の高さも低いですので登りやすいかと思います。 みなさんの南侧には、孙文先生の铜像が立っています。これは孙文先生と仲の良い友达であった梅屋庄吉という日本人が日本で鋳造して运んできたもので、先生が演説を行うときの姿をもとに作りました。
参观南京中山陵 2012年10月5日星期五阴 河南省洛阳市西工区白马小学三四班李若冰“十一”长假期间，妈妈带我参观了南京的中山陵。妈妈告诉我，中山陵坐落于南京城东的钟山脚下，古时候叫“金陵山”，从汉代开始称为“钟山”。 走进中山陵园，沿着一条古树参天的林荫大道来到广场，首先看到的是高大的三门石牌坊，上面刻有孙中山先生亲笔书写的“博爱”两字。陵园的主路两边种植着高大的松树，妈妈说：“在陵园这些地方种植松柏树，象征着人的精神像松柏树一样万古长青。” 经过“博爱”坊，我们来到“陵门”。“陵门”顶是青色的琉璃瓦，“门额”上是孙中山先生亲手书写的“天下为公”四个大字。“陵门”后的“碑亭”内有一座高大的石碑，正面刻有“中国国民党葬总理孙先生于此”的金字；背面没有刻一个字，妈妈告诉我：“孙中山先生一生非常伟大，当时立碑时，他的学生不知该怎么评价才最合适，于是他的夫人宋庆龄就建议立下一块无字碑，让后人去评论他的一生。” “碑亭”后面就是长达840多米的阶梯墓道，从下向上放眼望去，一层层台阶笔直地通往“祭堂”，听说是由392层台阶和8个平台构建而成。但是从下往上看，只能看到台阶，看不到平台，导游说：“这层层台阶象征着革命的道路曲曲折折；八座平台象征着孙中山先生提倡的‘三民主义’和‘五权宪法’。整个设计体现了孙中山先生的那句名言‘革命尚未成功，同志仍需努力’。”我听不太懂，但是仍一鼓作气地攀完392个台阶来到陵
墓前，这时回头望去，居然真得看不到一个墓道石阶，只能看到八座平台，我不由对妈妈说：“这设计者也太聪明了吧！” “祭堂”有三道拱门，门楣上分别刻着“民族”、“民权”、“民生”的横批，往里走便看到“祭堂”中间安放着孙中山的汉白玉坐像。“祭堂”两壁刻有关于孙中山先生的简介，黑壁金字，十分醒目。“祭堂”顶上是国民党的青天白日旗。汉白玉坐像后面就是“墓室”，由于近几年到这里参观的人太多，墓室门封闭起来，不再让游人参观。妈妈说：“孙中山先生的遗体就安放在这墓室里。” 在来中山陵园之前，我根本不知道孙中山先生是谁。今天，看无数的游人来参观他的陵园，又听了妈妈的一些讲解，我虽然还不是太懂，但是我知道了孙中山先生是一个伟大的人，我会找一些书籍看看，多了解一些他的事迹。