连词
一、并列连词：
（一）连词的概念：
连词是一种虚词，不能担任一个句子成分。连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。
（二）并列连词的分类：
例句：Slow but sure. 要慢而稳。
She’ll be back either this week or next week.她将在这周或下周回来。
I went and she went also. 我去了，她也去了。
（三）并列连词的用法：
1、并列连词and和or：
①and和or 是用得最多的并列连词，可以连接：
a. 两个并列的动词：
We were singing and dancing all evening. 整个晚上我们都在唱歌跳舞。
b. 名词、形容词等：
This apple is big and red.
Would you like fish or beef?
c. 两个并列的分句（句子）：
I said it and I meant it. 我说话算数。
②and 可连接两个分句，表示递进关系。
Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他会得寸进尺。
③or可连接分句，表示“否则”：
Don’t drive so fast or you’ll ha ve an accident. 别开这么快，不然你会出车祸。
2、表示意思转折的连词：but, yet:
①but和yet的用法：
The weather will be sunny but cold. 天气会晴朗但很冷。
It is strange, yet true. 这很奇怪，却是真的。
②however, still 等为副词，但可起连接作用，表示意思的转折---“但是”或“然
而”。
a. however:
His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.
他的第一反应是不行，但后来他改变了主意。
b. still:
It’s raining; still I’d like to go.天在下雨，但我还是要去。
③词组all the same:
She is naughty, all the same we have to laugh at her jokes.
她很调皮，但对她的恶作剧我们还是要发笑。
3、表示因果的连词：
①for可以表示“因为”，但引导的不是从句，而是并列分句，对前面情况加以
解释，常用逗号把它和前面的分句分开，这在书面语中比较多见。
The days were short, for it was now December.
白天很短，因为现在已经是十二月。
She must have gone out early, for she had not come for breakfast.
她肯定一早出去了，因为她没来吃早饭。
②so 表示结果，可译为“因此”、“所以”。
Our cases were heavy, so we took a taxi.
我们的箱子很重，因此我们坐了出租车
③therefore 为副词，也表示同样的意思---“因此”，可放句前：
He had gone; she therefore gave the money to me.他走了，于是她把钱给了我。
4、both... and 的用法
A man should have both courage and perseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。【难点】
5、就近原则：
1）neither…nor…
Neither Lucy nor Lily is a League member.
2）not only…but also…
Not only you but also he likes football.
3）either…or…
Either Jim or Peter is right.
4）not…but…
Not Jim but Peter broke the cup.
6、as well as的用法:
I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays.
我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。
【基础练习】
选择最佳答案：
( ) 1 My aunt asks whether I like a woolen sweater ______ a cotton one.
A. but
B. or
C. and
D. not
( ) 2 Either Mary ______ Lucy told him to come to see us.
A. or
B. and
C. with
D. nor
( ) 3 Hurry up, ______ we'll be late for the film.
A. and
B. but
C. so
D. or
( ) 4 Be quick, ______ we'll be late.
A. and
B. or
C. but
D. so
( ) 5 We ran to the trees, _____ we couldn't see any more monkeys.
A. but
B. so
C. and
D. for
( ) 6 _____ Li Ping ______ Wu Fang ______ League members.
A. Neither; nor; are
B. Either; nor; is
C. Both; and; are
D. Neither; or; is
( ) 7 You can ______ stay at home ______ go out to play.
A. either; or
B. so; that
C. neither; and
D. both; and
( ) 8 _____ Wei Hua ______ Ann______ very busy.
A. Both; and; is
B. So; and; is
C. Either; or; is
D. So; that; are
( ) 9 ______ Monday______ Tuesday is OK, I will be free then.
A. Either; or
B. Neither; nor
C. So; that
D. Both; and
( ) 10 ______ my brother_______ sister are doctors.
A. Not; but
B. Neither; nor
C. Both; and
D. Either; or
( ) 11 The teacher, as well as his students_______ football.
A. like
B. likes
C. enjoy
D. play
( ) 12 The doctor, along with these nurses_______ sent to the country.
A. are
B. were
C. have
D. was
( ) 13 My sister, together with her classmates_______ interested in the new book.
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. have
( ) 14 ______ she ______ I knows his telephone number, because it has been changed.
A. Both; and
B. Either; or
C. Not only; but also
D. Neither; nor
( ) 15 _______ Jack _______ Tom watched TV yesterday evening because they were busy with their lessons.
A. Both; and
B. Not only; but also
C. Not; but
D. Neither; nor
( ) 16 You may sit_______ this end_______ that end of the boat.
A. neither; nor
B. both; and
C. either; or
D. between; and
( ) 17 None of the shoes are the right size. They are _______ too big ________ too small.
A. or; or
B. either; or
C. neither; nor
D. both; and
( ) 18 When Lily was three, she could_______ read_______ write.
A. not; but
B. not; and
C. neither; nor
D. either; or
( ) 19 We should learn_______ from books._______ from workers and farmers.
A. both; and
B. either; or
C. neither; nor
D. as; as
( ) 20 We went_______ to the cinema, _______ to the park.
A. did not; /
B. not; but
C. either; or
D. both; and
二、从属连词：
1
[说明]that, whether, if 等从属连词可引导名词从句，在句中担任主语、宾语等。2．引导时间状语从句的连词(重点)：
when: Don’t get excited when you talk.讲话时别激动。
while: We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。
as: He smiled as he passed. 他经过时笑了笑。
before: It will be five years before we meet again. 要五年后咱们才能再相见。
after: I’ll tell them after you leave.我将在你走后告诉他们。
until, till: I propose waiting till the police get here. 我建议等警察来了再说。
since: How long is it since you came to London? 你到伦敦有多久了？
whenever: Whenever it is possible, they play outside. 一有机会他们就到外面玩耍。3．引导条件状语从句的连词(重点)：
1）条件状语从句主要由if, unless, supposing(suppose)引导：
if: If it rains tomorrow , we will have to stay at home.
unless: I won’t write unless he writes first.我不写信，除非他先给我写。
2）条件状语从句还有其他形式：(难点)
You will always have a home as long as I have anything.
只要我有家产，你就永远会有一个家。
4．引导目的状语从句的连词：（重点）
in order that:
I lent him 500 yuan in order that he can go for a holiday.
我借给他50英镑，使他能去度假。
so that:
Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them.
让她快点把信打好，以便我能签字。
5．引导结果状语从句的连词：
1）结果状语从句主要由so…that和such…that 引导：
so…that:
He was so fat that he couldn’t get though the door.
他胖得连门都过不去了。
such…that:
Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet.
吉姆吵成那样，他姐姐让他安静点。
He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.
6．引导原因状语从句的连词：
because: Because it rained he took a taxi. 由于下雨他叫了一辆出租车。
as: As you’re sorry, I’ll forgive you.既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。
Since: Since you will go there, I will go too.
7．让步状语从句的连词：
although / though:
Though / Although it is not large, the room was light . 房间虽然不大，采光却很好。
even if:
They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。8．引导方式状语从句的连词
as: You ought to do as I tell you. 你应当照我说的做。
like: She can’t draw like her sister can. 她不能像她姐姐那样画画。
as if / as though:
He looked about as if looking for something. 他四处看了看，仿佛在找什么似的。
9．引导地点状语从句的连词：（难点）
where: I’ll drive you where you’re going.你到哪儿我都可以开车送你去。
wherever: We’ll go wherever you say.你说哪里我们就到哪里。
everywhere:
Everywhere he went, he was introduced as the current US champion.
不管他到哪里，人们都介绍他是当前的美国冠军。
no matter where:
Keep your mobile phone with you no matter where you are.
不管在哪里你都要带着手机。
10．引导比较状语从句的连词：
than: You sing better than I do. 你的歌唱的比我好。
as: That’s not so simple as it sounds.那事并不像听起来那么简单。
11．引导其他从句的连词：
1）引导主语从句和宾语的连词有that和whether, if 可以引导宾语从句：that: She always complains that he is down on her. 她老是抱怨他看不起她。
whether: I don’t know whether you like flowers.我不知道你喜不喜欢花。
2）that和whether 还可以引导表语从句：
that: The fact is that he doesn’t really try.事实是他没有真正去努力。
whether: The point is whether we ought to recommend him. 问题是我们是否
应当推荐他。
【基础练习】
选择最佳答案：
( )1. Liu Ming told us ____ his class were excited by the news.
A. when
B. how
C. that
D. before
( )2. My father didn’t come back ____ he finished all the work.
A. until
B. while
C. if
D. as soon as
( )3. More people came ____ I had expected.
A. as if
B. so that
C. since
D. than
( )4. He can’t decide which to choose ____ there’s no difference between them.
A. but
B. so
C. because
D. and
( )5. Life today is easier ____ it was hundreds of years ago.
A. than . as C. what D. when
( )6. ____ the teacher came into the classroom, all the children stood up.
A. Whether
B. As well as
C. If
D. As soon as
( )7. ____ the population of a city grows, its problems also grow.
A. As
B. With
C. As soon
D. If
( )8. The film was so moving ____ Mike wanted to see it again.
A. that
B. and
C. so
D. where
( )9. ____ the card is lost during your stay in the hotel, please call the service center.
A. What
B. Before
C. Because
D. If
【中等题】
（一）并列连词
1. That was a long_______ dull talk.
A. so
B. and
C. so that
D. or
2. _______ the parents_________ their children wanted to move to the country.
A. Both, as well as
B. Neither, nor
C. Either, and
D. Both, also
3. He won't live in town, _____will his wife.
A. either
B. neither
C. also
D. too
4. Charlie took the job,_______ he did it very well.
A. so
B. yet
C. and
D. so that
5. My grandfather is in his eighties, ______he is still in good health.
A. or
B. but
C. so
D. for
6. — It's nothing serious. Just stay in bed for one or two days. ______ take it easy.
— All right.
A. Still
B. And
C. But also
D. But
7. Think it over_________ you will find a way.
A. or
B. so
C. and
D. that
8. Cooper can _____speak Chinese________ read and write it.
A. not only, but also
B. both, also
C. not only, and still
D. either, and
9. I would like to go swimming, ______he won't.
A. and
B. for
C. nor
D. but
10. Don't stand at the door. ________come in_________ go out.
A. Both, and
B. Either, or
C. Not only, but also
D. So, or
11. Don't frighten the horse,_________ it will kick you.
A. and
B. since
C. for
D. or
12. We must set out earlier than yesterday,_________ we will travel eighty miles today.
A. for
B. and
C. though
D. when
13. It must be late,._______ all the shops have closed.
A. because
B. and
C. so
D. for
14. The road was narrow,_______ he drove as carefully _______ he could.
A. so, as
B. as, as
C. and, when
D. but, as soon as
15. You aren't listening,_________ I'll shut up.
A. but
B. when
C. so
D. or
16. The boy has made many mistakes; ______, you are his teacher, ______you should help him.
A. though, so
B. still, and
C. for, so
D. still, yet
17. I can't buy a new computer until next month,_________ I'll have to use this old one now.
A. so
B. while
C. since
D. but
18. The washing machine is quite, old;_________, it works well.
A. still
B. so
C. so that
D. for
19. You must work harder,_________ you'll be put into another class.
A. before
B. or
C. and
D. so that
20. The front door was locked,_________ I went round to the back door.
A. so
B. but
C. or
D. for
21. In that part of the desert we couldn't see_________ plant_________ animals.
A. neither, nor
B. either, or
C. both, and
D. no, also
22. There is air all around us,we can't see it.
A. so
B. for
C. but
D. nor
23. You may sit at this end.you may sit at that end.
A. For
B. And
C. Or
D. So
24. They were very bored, ______they still listened to him.
A. so
B. or
C. for
D. but
25. English is spoken in Britain and the United Stales by people outside Britain and the United States.
A. not only, but also
B. neither, nor
C. either, as well as
D. both, as well as
（二）从属连词
1. I asked him _________dog it was.
A. whose
B. which
C. who's
D. where
2. They go to concerts of modem music_________ they really like it.
A. because
B. if
C. though
D. after
3. Find out_________ they are going this evening and ask_________ may join them.
A. whether, that
B. where, whether
C. what, if
D. where, why
4. His talk was_________ dull_________ we all got bored.
A. as, as
B. very, that
C. so. as
D. so, that
5. Mother asked Charlie_________ lie had stayed out so late.
A. how
B. why
C. when
D. where
6. My daughter bought a new ring, but she didn't want to tell me_________ it really cost.
A. how often
B. how many
C. how much
D. how long
7. Can you tell me_________ the time is.
A. what
B. how much
C. how long
D. which
8. Do you think_________ the new cartoon will be shown on TV next week?
A. whether
B. that
C. when
D. where
9. Tell me_________ of these coats you prefer.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. who
10. — Do you always go to work on foot?
— Not always._________ it rains, I usually go to work by bus.
A. When
B. While
C. As
D. Whether
11. The thief was caught_________ he was leaving the store.
A. as
B. after
C. before
D. until
12. We learned a little Japanese_________ we were in Japan.
A. as
B. since
C. till
D. while
13. you won't help me, I must do the exercise myself.
A. For
B. Now that
C. So that
D. While
14. The singer tried his best he might win the prize.
A. so that
B. as
C. till
D. if
15. It's not cold today it was yesterday.
A. so, that
B. so, as
C. very, as
D. as, than
16. I left for home I was told that all the students had returned home.
A. until
B. after
C. while
D. so
17. We all stood on the chairs _______we could see the actors clearly.
A. because
B. before
C. after
D. so that
18. I'm glad that you will come, but tell me ________you will arrive.
A. after
B. before
C. when
D. if
19. He has made great progress in his studies, but he's working even harder ______all of us.
A. than
B. as
C. like
D. of
20. ______ he wasn't interested in music, he came to the concert.
A. Since
B. Though
C. When
D. As
21. ________Tom was doing his homework, Jim was sleeping.
A. While
B. For
C. When
D. Since
22. ______you understand this rule, you won't have any trouble in doing these exercises.
A. While
B. Until
C. As soon as
D. Whether
23. ________we fail again, we will have to give up the plan.
A. Since
B. Whether
C. If
D. Till
24. I will tell him all about it ________he gets here.
A. as soon as
B. since
C. until
D. though
25. I still listened to him ________I was very angry with him.
A. because
B. though
C. if
D. when
26. We have been good friends we met each other nine years ago.
A. since
B. when
C. after
D. before
27. He went on doing his job _______he was asked to stop.
A. while
B. since
C. till
D. after
28. I wonder ________we will have any new subjects next term.
A. that
B. when
C. whether
D. why
29. She will have to do the cooking herself ________her mother doesn't come home before six.
A. when
B. if
C. till
D. since
30. I handed in my test paper, I knew I had made a mistake in the last problem.
A. As
B. Since
C. While
D. As soon as
31. It was still dark ________I got up about six that morning.
A. while
B. when
C. till
D. though
32. He didn't leave ________all the others left the burning house.
A. until
B. as
C. since
D. so
33. That piano is so heavy________ I can't move it alone.
A. then
B. as
C. that
D. so
34. I'll have dinner in that restaurant________ I go to Australia again.
A. while
B. so that
C. until
D. if
35. I will call a class meeting________ I can hear everyone's new idea about the New Year's party.
A. so that
B. that
C. which
D. for
36. I was sleeping in my bedroom ________I was woken up by a loud noise.
A. when
B. where
C. then
D. till
37. ______the afternoon lessons began, the teacher was surprised to find Li Li was not there.
A. As soon as
B. Until
C. As
D. Now that
38._____ Miss Yang graded all the papers, she found ten pupils had failed.
A. Till
B. After
C. If
D. As
39. _________every one of you has got the book, I won't read the text again.
A. While
B. Though
C. Now that
D. Before
40. We have reduced our working hours_________ it is too hot.
A. when
B. if
C. that
D. as
中考真题：
1、Peter was late for the meeting______ he missed the ferry.(07)
A.though
B.because
C.while
D.if
2、A good friend always gives you a helping hand______ you’re in trouble.(06)
A.when
B.before
C.until
D.though
3、Some passengers were walking throu gh one of the big halls at Paris’Charles De Gaulle Airport______ the whole roof(屋顶) fell down.(04)
A.while
B.as soon as
C.when
D.after
4、You will be able to get good marks______.(03)
A.while you are doing your homework by yourself
B.if you do some revision every day
C.before you begin to study hard
D.until you follow your teacher’s advice
5、Bob spends a lot of money on books______ he is not rich.(02)
A.if
B.though
C.when
D.because
6、We should leave early tomorrow morning, ______ we won’t g et there on time. （08）
A) so B) or C) but D) and
7、Bill won’t make any progress______ he studies harder than before.（08）
A) if B) when C) because D) unless
8、_________John failed to climb to the top of the mountain several times, he d idn’t give up.（09）
A)Although B)Because C)Whether D)Unless
9、Keep an English diary, _______your English will improve.（09）
A)or B)since C)when D)and
10、We will have no water to drink __________we don't protect the earth.
A) until B) before C) though D) if
11、M oney is important. ________it can't buy everything.
A) for B)but C)or D) so
课题语法5课型新授具体内容介词第课时2课时 教学目标1、掌握表示时间、地点等介词的用法与区别 2、能通过自己归纳总结与介词有关的法语规则 3、能灵活按照语法规则正确使用代词 教学重点掌握表示时间、地点等介词的用法等相关知识，并能灵活使用教学难点各用法相似的介词之间的区别 教学方法引导探究法 教具准备PPT 教学过程一、导入 1．介词大家都见过，随便说出几个介词（for, about, on, in, at…） 2. 那大家知道介词都有哪些用法？比如，有些介词放在表示时间的词前面，(at nine o’clock, on Monday)有的介词放在表示地点的词前面，(on the floor, in the wall)，那么今天具体来看一下介词的使用。 二、表示时间的介词 1、in; on; at 1)指长于或短于一天的时段用in，如in the afternoon， in February， in Summer， in 1999等 2) 指某天用on，如on Monday， on the end of November，指某天的早晚用on，如on Friday morning， on the afternoon of September lst 等。 3）表示时间点用at，如at four o’clock， at midnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at，如at that time， at Christmas等。 口诀：in年in月；on 日子；at放在时刻前。 2、since; from; for 1) since指从某是一直延续至今，后接时间点，主句用完成时。 He has live here since 1993. 2) from说明开始的时间，谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。 From now on, I will learn English in the mornings.
初中英语语法课教案设计 初中英语语法课教案设计 一、牛津版初中英语教材与人教版教材语法内容的异同 牛津版初中英语教材在内容上更加贴近现实生活，在语法知识上也有所改变，增加了间接引语这一知识点。这就要求老师要对教材 的语法知识进行深入地分析和研究，准确把握语法重点和难点，找 到最合适学生学习的方法，提升学生的英语语法学习兴趣，使学生 扎实掌握英语语法。 二、牛津版初中英语教材与人教版教材语法的具体差异 （一）牛津版教材更强调现在时语法 牛津版初中英语教材的“现在进行时”与“一般现在时”出现的先后顺序有所调整，而且没有“过去将来时”这一语法点。这一顺 序的调整不会对学生的学习产生较大影响，“过去将来时”可以在 学生学习“过去完成时”时提出。“现在进行时”与“一般现在时”主要是让学生掌握区分助动词形式：do/does/is/are；区分动词形式：read/reads/reading。 （二）牛津版教材被动语态出现较早 被动语态出现的时间比较早，学生比较难以理解，例如学生对“Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.”这句话的理解就 容易产生困难。因此教师在教学时就要使学生回顾过去学过的几种 基本时态，通过基本时态反过来理解被动语态，这样就可以起到融 汇贯通的作用。 （三）牛津版教材新增间接引语语法 间接引语是牛津版英语教材中新增的内容，学生之前从来没有接触过，学生在学习时就会产生障碍，不容易理解。
“HeaskedmeifIhadanypaper.”这句话是如何体现间接引语的语法 特征的以及如何将直接引语转化为间接引语学生都是第一次接触， 教师在设计教案时要抓住宾语从句作为间接引语的教学重点。从宾 语从句入手，讲解间接引语的语法特点和直接引语转化为间接引语 的方法，深入浅出，这样就会使学生更容易理解间接引语的语法特点，及时掌握间接引语的转换方式，提升学生英语语法的基础水平。 三、语法课教案设计措施 教案是教师开展教学的重要手段，教案好坏直接关系到教学质量。合格的教案能最大程度地体现教师的教学水平，能够激发学生的学 习兴趣，使学生在短时间内有效地接受新知识。 （一）教案要有针对性 教师在设计教案时要有针对性。一是要针对学生的`学习特点和 身心发展的特点，掌握学生之间学习水平的差异，这样就可以合理 安排教学环节和教学进程。教师在设计教案时，要制定有层次性的 学习目标，设置不同难度的问题，根据学生的学习特点设置提问环节，使学生都能够在课堂上有所收获，能够体会到学习过程中的成 就感，激发学生的学习兴趣，提升语法教学质量。二是要针对教学 内容准确把握各类语法的重难点，将重点知识传授给学生，如在讲 间接引语时要着重讲解宾语从句的语法特点。这样就可以事半功倍，使学生更有针对性地开展学习活动，有助于提升学生的英语成绩。 （二）教案要有创新性 教师在设计教案时，要充分调动自身的能力，对教材内容进行深入剖析，对学生心理进行深入解读。初中阶段，学生的好奇心、好 胜心较强，教师在设计教案时要充分尊重学生的这些特点。不断创 新教学形式，开展合作学习和探究式学习，引导学生进入到教师创 设的教学情境中，激发学生的想象力和创造力，充分调动学生的积 极性。在教案中最好设计小组竞技教学活动内容，打破传统灌输式 教育模式，提升学生的学习兴趣，保证良好的教学效果。 教案中还要注意提问的技巧，提问要注重知识点的迁移，促使学生能够积极思考。例如在提问被动语态的特点时，学生可能不太了
初中英语语法大全——名词 一、名词概述 1.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分；有其所有格形式；在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词，而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。
二、名词的数 名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词；不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数 在英语中，可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词，不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念，不能用具体的数字来表示，视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物，因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰，一般也视为不可数名词。
eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式 可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:
连词 (一) 正误辨析 1、［误］Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now. ［正］Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now. ［析］在英语中both一般用于肯定句中，如用于否定句中，其意义也不同于汉语，如：Both of us are not right. 在英语中应被理解为"我们俩不都对。"而Neither of us is right。才能被理解为"我们俩无一正确"。 2、［误］He or his parents has some tickets for the film. ［正］He or his parents have some tickets for the film. ［析］由or 连接两主语时，谓语动词应与相临近的那一个主语保持一致。 3、［误］You should study hard, and you won't pass the exam. ［正］You should study hard, or you won't pass the exam. ［析］or作为连词，这里的意思为"否则"。又如：Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. 4、［误］Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others. ［正］Though he is poor, he is ready to help others. ［正］He is poor, but he is ready to help others. ［析］"虽然……但是"是中文中的常用结构，但在英文中用了"虽然"则不要用"但是"，用了"但是"则不能再用"虽然"，二者只可用其一。 5、［误］Either you or I are on duty. ［正］Either you or I am on duty. ［析］either…or 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词与相临近的一个主语相呼应，这也叫作就近原则。类似的用法还有or, neither…nor, not only…but also等。 6、［误］Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now. ［正］Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school now. ［析］并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略，以免重复，但不是所有词都可作任意的省略的。当你连接的是两个系动词时，后面的那个系动词不可省略，也就是讲连接的部分不可省略。 7、［误］My father likes swimming and to collect stamps. ［正］My father likes swimming and collecting stamps. ［析］由并列连词连接的两个部分要保持相等的语法结构。如是动名词则都用动名词，如用不定式则都应用不定式，这是初学者要注意的一点。 8、［误］My father is reading a newspaper, I am doing my homework. ［正］My father is reading a newspaper while I am doing my homework. ［析］两个并列句中间不可用逗号连接，要用并列连词来连接。 9、［误］My father asked me that if I wanted to learn how to drive. ［正］My father asked me if I wanted to learn how to drive. ［析］宾语从句的连接词只能有一个不能重复使用。 10、［误］We will go both to Beijing and Shanghai. ［正］We will go to both Beijing and Shanghai. ［析］用both…and…作连接词时，其相连接的部分结构也要相同。 11、［误］Not only Mary but also her brothers is going to dance. ［正］Not only Mary but also her brothers are going to dance. ［析］由not only…but also…连接两个主语时，其重点在其后面的那一个主语，所以谓语形式应采用就近原则。
初中英语语法大全 名词 （一）概述 名词就是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词,可以说名词就是万物之名称。它们可以就是: 人的名字Li Ming, Tom 地方名称China, London 职业称呼teacher, doctor 物品名称pencil, dictionary 行为名称study, invention 抽象概念history, grammar (二)普通名词与专有名词 1.普通名词 凡不属于特定的人名、地名、事物名称或概念名称的名词,都属于普通名词。这类名词在所有的名词中占绝大多数。普通名词大致有以下四种类型: 1)个体名词 个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或物。可以指具体的人或物,例如: He has two aunts、她有两个姑姑。 Most classrooms have computers、多数教室里都有电脑。 也可指抽象东西,例如: We’ve lived here for twenty years、我们在这里住了二十年了。 I had a dream last night 我昨晚做了一个梦。 个体名词有复数形式,如:weeks, problems;单数形式可以与a/an连用,如:a week, a problem, an old man、 2)集体名词 集体名词表示由个体组成的集体,下面就是一些常见的集体名词: family(家,家庭) army(军队) company(公司;全体船员) enemy(敌人) government(政府) group(小组,团体) public(公众) team(队;组) police(警方) 集体名词有时作单数瞧待,有时作复数瞧待。一般说来,视为整体时作单数瞧待,想到它的成员时作复 有的集体名词通常用作单数,例如: Our company is sending him to work in Berlin、我们公司将派她去柏林工作。 有的集体名词多作复数瞧待。例如: The police are looking for him、警察正在找她。 3)物质名词 物质名词指无法分为个体的东西,我们学过的常见的物质名词有: beer, cloth, coal, coffee, coke, cotton, ice, ink, jam, juice, meat, medicine, metal, milk, oil paper, rain, salad, salt, sand, snow, soup, steel, sugar, tea, water, wine, wood, wool等。 一般说来,物质名词就是不可数折,因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况: a.有些物质名词可用作可数名词,表示“一份”,“一杯”: Tree beers, please、请来三杯啤酒。 A chocolate ice-cream for me、给我一份巧克力冰淇淋。 b.有此物质名词可作可数名词,表示“一种”:
一、选择题 1．I quite like noodles_________ my cousin doesn't. A．or B．so C．and D．but 2．I know her, ____________I forget（忘了）her name. A．so B．and C．but 3．I live far away from my school, ________ I have to get up early every day. A．and B．but C．so D．or 4．______ Lucy ______Wendy speaks good English, so they cannot communicate with these British students very well. A．Neither, nor B．Not only, but also C．Both, and D．Either, or 5．I really want to go back to my hometown, ________ I don't have time. A．if B．but C．or D．as 6．—Will you go to Nanjing by bus _____ by plane? —By plane. It is expensive ______ fast. A．or; but B．or; and C．and; but D．and; and 7．—Have you ever tried food in Singapore? —Yes.______ you like Indian food, Western food ______ Japanese food, you’ll find it all in Singapore. A．Either；or B．Neither；nor C．Both；and D．Whether；or 8．Is getting up late good____ bad for our health? A．and B．or C．but D．for 9．— Would you like some cakes? — No, thanks. They smell delicious I’m not hungry. A．and B．so C．but D．or 10．—Ancient Chinese believed that traveling ten thousand miles is as important as reading ten thousand books. —I agree. It’s just like the popular saying “Make sure that your body your soul（灵魂）is on the way.” A．both; and B．not; but C．neither; nor D．either; or 11．He ________ like baseball. ________ he likes football. A．don’t, but B．doesn’t, and C．doesn’t, but D．/, and 12．Get up early, John. you will be late for the class. A．And B．But C．So D．Or 13．－I like apples,_______ I like pears, too. What about you,Linda? －Well,I like pears _______ I don't like apples. A．and;and B．but; but C．but;and D．and; but 14．The shop isn't open, she can’t buy her favourite chocolate.
初中中考英语语法 （名词篇） 语法总述： 名词篇： 名词的种类：英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类： 1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Jilin, Tom, China, (1)零冠词，如Yale University,Beijing Railway Station,是由专有名词+普通名词组成，往往为并列关系。 (2)定冠词，如the United States，the Great Wall,由形容词+普通名词组成。 (3) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。 2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队government 政府 group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火 steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。
labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 3. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange； 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information . 4、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 规则名词的复数形式：
连词 (一) 1、［误］Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now. ［正］Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now. ［析］在英语中both一般用于肯定句中，如用于否定句中，其意义也不同于汉语，如：Both of us are not right. 在英语中应被理解为"我们俩不都对。"而Neither of us is right。才能被理解为"我们俩无一正确" 2、［误］He or his parents has some tickets for the film. ［正］He or his parents have some tickets for the film. ［析］由or 3、［误］You should study hard, and you won't pass the exam. ［正］You should study hard, or you won't pass the exam. ［析］or作为连词，这里的意思为"否则"。又如：Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. 4、［误］Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others. ［正］Though he is poor, he is ready to help others. ［正］He is poor, but he is ready to help others. ［析］"虽然……但是"是中文中的常用结构，但在英文中用了"虽然"则不要用"但是"，用了"但是"则不能再用"虽然" 5、［误］Either you or I are on duty. ［正］Either you or I am on duty. ［析］either…or 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词与相临近的一个主语相呼应，这也叫作就近原则。类似的用法还有or, neither…nor, not only…but also 6、［误］Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now. ［正］Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school now. ［析］并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略，以免重复，但不是所有词都可作任意的省略的。当你连接的是两个系动词时，后面的那个系动词不可省略，也就是讲连接的部分不 7、［误］My father likes swimming and to collect stamps. ［正］My father likes swimming and collecting stamps. ［析］由并列连词连接的两个部分要保持相等的语法结构。如是动名词则都用动名词，如 8、［误］My father is reading a newspaper, I am doing my homework. ［正］My father is reading a newspaper while I am doing my homework. ［析］ 9、［误］My father asked me that if I wanted to learn how to drive. ［正］My father asked me if I wanted to learn how to drive. ［析］ 10、［误］We will go both to Beijing and Shanghai. ［正］We will go to both Beijing and Shanghai. ［析］用both…and 11、［误］Not only Mary but also her brothers is going to dance. ［正］Not only Mary but also her brothers are going to dance. ［析］由not only…but also…连接两个主语时，其重点在其后面的那一个主语，所以谓语形式应
宾语从句教学设计 一、导入 1.复习什么是宾语。动词/介词后面的名词就是宾语。 I play basketball. We are talking about our homework.. 2.宾语从句就是在宾语的位置上放一个完整的句子。 3.I love that I can earn some coupons. 板书：He knows me. He knows what’s wrong with his wife. 说出2个句子的宾语。 说出2个句子的宾语是词（词组）还是句子。 第一个句子的宾语是一个词构成的，第二个句子的宾语是一个句子，我们称这种做宾语的句子叫宾语从句。在句子中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。其中he knows 叫主句，what’s wrong with him是从句。 说出下面4个句子的主句和从句。 A．He said that he had a very good journey home. B．He asked if /whether they had come. C．He told me that the earth goes around the sun. D．He asked me how he could get to the nearest post office. 总结：。。是主句，剩下的是由that，if，how引导的宾语从句。 初步认识了宾语从句，下面我们开始了解宾语从句的三要素 引导词（连接词） 语序 时态 1)从属连词that引导陈述句宾语从句，在口语或者非正式语中可以被省略 比如上面四句话中的A,C就是that引导的陈述句的宾语从句。如果省略掉that，该如何修改。（让学生口头修改） A．He said that he had a very good journey home. C．He told me that the earth goes around the sun. 2）由从属连词whether, if 引导一般疑问句的宾语从句，表示“是否”，比如上面的B就是由if引导的宾语从
一、选择题 1．-How do you keep healthy? -I don't eat much meat, I do exercise every day. A．or B．so C．but D．and 2．We just need one of you for the game. you your brother can join us. A．Both; and B．Either; or C．Not only; but also D．Neither; nor 3．__________ Amy likes to go to the cinema, but she doesn’t like to see horror films. A．Since B．As C．Though D．不填 4．Mike does his homework and __________ to play football after school every day. A．goes B．go C．to go D．went 5．Don't run so fast, ____________you might fall over. A．or B．and C．unless 6．I know her, ____________I forget（忘了）her name. A．so B．and C．but 7．I don't want to buy the jeans because__________ the colour_________the size fits me. A．both,and B．neither,nor C．either,or D．not only,but also 8．-- I bought Granny a present, ＿＿＿ she didn't like it. A．but B．and C．or D．so 9．My brother will get up early tomorrow morning ___________ he must go to bed now. A．and B．but C．so D．or 10．The supermarket is far away from here, ___________ you'd better take a taxi. A．because B．if C．so D．or 11．I live far away from my school, ________ I have to get up early every day. A．and B．but C．so D．or 12．Mike is good at playing basketball ______Bruce does well in football . A．when B．until C．since D．while 13．Is getting up late good____ bad for our health? A．and B．or C．but D．for 14．My grandfather is over 70 ______ he thinks he is very young. A．and B．so C．because D．but 15．I quite like noodles_________ my cousin doesn't. A．or B．so C．and D．but 16．My grandfather is 85 years old. he's in excellent condition. A．Or B．And C．As D．So 17．I like fruit _________ I don't eat too much. A．and B．but C．because 18．—What do you usually do in the evening？
第3单元数词 （一）基数词 1、1～100的构成 2、3位数构成，例如234 读作：two hundred and thirty-four 3、hundred, thousand, million表示确切数目不加 如：three hundred people,但表示不确切数字时应加s,如thousands of stars 4、千位以上的数，从个位向左数，每三位加一个“，”，第一个逗号前为thousand,第二个逗号前为million,第三个逗号前为billion,如7,543，812，应为seven million, five hundred and forty-three thousand, eight hundred and twelve.注意在百位数和十位数之间要用and连接。（二）序数词 1、序数词构成注意first, second, third, fifth, ninth, twentieth, twenty-first, etc.的特殊形式。 2、序数词用于句中，它之前需加the,但有时用不定冠词a(an)表示“再一，又一”如 When I sit down, a third man came in. （三）分数 基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。分子大于1时，分子的序数词用单数，分母序数词用复数。 6 ,5/9 six and five ninths （四）时刻表达法 2∶25，two twenty-five or twenty-3∶40，three forty or twenty to four （五）日期表达法 2002年5月20日 注意：带有数词的名词作定语时，一般用单数形式 a seven-year-- a five-pound note （六）倍数表示法 A. 主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as。 『例』I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。 B. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size （amount，length…）of…。 『例』The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。 C. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than…。 『例』The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
初中英语语法教学教案 教学思路: 本节课我教的是情态动词can和could作“能力”解时的区别。这节课我打算通过复习以前学过的情态动词can的用法，以及通过做游戏，让学生在轻松愉快的氛围中掌握can的用法，以及了解can和could的区别。 一、Teaching Content: Topic:Unit5Can you play the guitar? Grammar：Using “can”/“could”to talk about ability 二、Teaching Aims: https://www.doczj.com/doc/4111148074.html,e can talk about the ability at present. https://www.doczj.com/doc/4111148074.html,e could talk about ability in the past. 三、Teaching Key and D ifficult Points: H ow to use “can”and “could”to express ability in the present and past. 四、Teaching Methods: Task-Based Language Teaching Method 五、Teaching Procedures: Step 1：Warming up Task 1: Revision T: What can you do now? S1: I can sing. S2: I can draw S3: I can dance. T: Can you ride a bike / swim / fly a kite / play football / play chess? Ss:Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. Task 2: Playing a game T: Now let us play a game.Five students come to the front and perform fo r t h e class according to myinstructions.andgestures.Theothers answer my questio ns. T : What can she do? Ss : She can ride a bike /swim/ fly a kite/ play football / play chess . T: Can she swim/ fly a kite/play football /play chess. Ss: Yes ,She can? No, she can’t. T: Say the whole sentences: eg: Acan ride a bike. He can’t/ cannot swim. Step2:Presentation T: Can you ride a bike now? S1:Yes. I can T:Couldyou ride a bike five years ago ? Yes, I could./ No, I couldn’t ( Help him answer) S1:Yes, I could./ No, I couldn’t. T: we can use “could”t talk about the past .e.gI can play computer now .But, last year I couldn’t play.
初中英语语法大全：名词 一名词的定义：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类： 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如： work。 … 注意专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 （三）名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式： 1.单数 英语中，如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时，要用名词的单数形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。
[ There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子an new orange （×）→a new orange （○） 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk （×）→an old desk （○）一张旧课桌 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前，如a book，a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前，如an egg，an apple。 注意 ！ 有时a，an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不 是看名词。 2.复数 英语中，如果要表示两本书、三个学生、四把椅子这些两个或两个以上的概念时，要用名词的复数形式，名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。 变复数时情况如下： （1）一般情况下,在词尾加s. eg.book——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys 以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s]，以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。 （2）以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.
名词 （一） 概述 名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是： 人的名字 Li Ming, Tom 地方名称 China, London 职业称呼 teacher, doctor 物品名称 pencil, dictionary 行为名称 study, invention 抽象概念 history, grammar （二）普通名词和专有名词 1．普通名词 凡不属于特定的人名、地名、事物名称或概念名称的名词，都属于普通名词。这类名词在所有的名词中占绝大多数。普通名词大致有以下四种类型： 1）个体名词 个体名词指作为个体而存在的人或物。可以指具体的人或物，例如： He has two aunts. 他有两个姑姑。 Most classrooms have computers. 多数教室里都有电脑。 也可指抽象东西，例如： We’ve live d here for twenty years. 我们在这里住了二十年了。 I had a dream last night 我昨晚做了一个梦。 个体名词有复数形式，如：weeks, problems;单数形式可以和a/an 连用，如：a week, a problem, an old man. 2）集体名词 集体名词表示由个体组成的集体，下面是一些常见的集体名词： family （家，家庭） army （军队） company （公司；全体船员） enemy （敌人） government （政府） group （小组，团体） public （公众） team （队；组） police （警方） 集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待。一般说来，视为整体时作单数看待，想到它的成员时作复数看待： 例如： 有的集体名词通常用作单数，例如： Our company is sending him to work in Berlin. 我们公司将派他去柏林工作。 有的集体名词多作复数看待。例如： The police are looking for him. 警察正在找他。 3）物质名词 物质名词指无法分为个体的东西，我们学过的常见的物质名词有： beer, cloth, coal, coffee, coke, cotton, ice, ink, jam, juice, meat, medicine, metal, milk, oil paper, rain, salad, salt, sand, snow, soup, steel, sugar, tea, water, wine, wood, wool 等。 一般说来，物质名词是不可数折，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况： a ．有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份”，“一杯”： Tree beers, please. 请来三杯啤酒。 A chocolate ice-cream for me. 给我一份巧克力冰淇淋。 b ．有此物质名词可作可数名词，表示“一种”： It was a special tea which tasted of orange blossoms. 这是一种特别的茶，有桔子花叶。 It was a delicious wine. 那是一种美味的红酒。 作单数看待 作复数看待 His family isn't large. 他家人不多。 The government is planning to build a dam here. 政府打算在这里建一座水坝。 The public was unlikely to support it. 公众支持它的可能性不大。 His family are all music lovers. 他家的人都喜欢音乐。 The government are discussing the plan. 政府在讨论这个计划。 The public were deceived by the newspaper. 公众受到报纸的蒙骗。