Test Paper
Ⅰ. Filling the blanks:
1.Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality, the
communication in the West is low-contextual while that in the East is high-contextual
2.Generally speaking, in terms of world views, the West adopts Dualistic
view, while the East adopt s holistic view
3.Generally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the West follows
Analytic and abstract thinking, while the East follows synthetic and concrete thinking
4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the West uses
Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern
5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in India is Siddhartha Gautama, the great figure in Palestine are Hebrew prophets, and the great thinkers in the West are Plato, Homer and Archimedes
Ⅱ. Choose the best answer:
1.Non-verbal messages are classified into two comprehensive categories:
those that are primarily produced by the body, such as_________,________,_______; and those that the individual combines with the setting, such as _______, _______, _______.D
A.physical contact, eye contact, paralanguage; space, time, man
B.facial expression, touch, taste; space, time, silence
C.appearance, movement, gesture; surrounding, occasion, man
D.movement, smell, paralanguage; space, time, silence
2.In Chinese writing, there are usually more adjectives, proverbs and
allusions than in English writing. Some Western scholars name this style “flowery”, stating that its aim is to give a more fanciful impres sion than information, and the information is usually of beauty, fragrance, happiness, and any other “goodness” aspects so as to attract people.
We may term this style as_______-oriented. Western writing is more direct with objective information. To them, much-repeated words may mean less after a while. We may term the Western writing as ________-oriented.C
A. adjective, objective
B. Chinese, Western
C. impression, information C. indirect, direct
3. As to the human nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds
that _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.B
A. basically good; basically bad
B. evil but perfectible, basically good
C. the mixture of good and evil; the mixture of good and evil;
D. unknown
4. As to the Man-Nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds
that _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.D
A. subjugation to nature; harmony with nature
B. harmony with nature; mastery over nature
C. harmony with nature; subjugation to nature
D. mastery over nature; harmony with nature
5. As to time orientation, generally speaking, the USA is______, the
Philippines, Mexico, and Latin America are _____, and Asia, Britain, Greece, France are ______.C
A. on-time oriented; in-time oriented; late-time oriented
B. youth-oriented; adult-oriented; elderly-oriented
C. future-oriented; present-oriented; past-oriented
D. present-oriented; future-oriented; past-oriented
6. In terms of activity orientation, the USA is______, the Philippines,
Mexico, and Latin America are _____, and Asia is ______.D
A. doing-oriented; playing-oriented, being-oriented
B. playing-oriented; being-oriented; doing-oriented
C. being-oriented; doing-oriented; being-in-becoming oriented
D. doing-oriented; being-oriented; being-in-becoming oriented
7. The dividing worldview is also referred to as mechanistic view. It goes
by the following different names: D
A. reason versus result; religion versus ar t; objectivity versus
imagination
B. instinct versus intuition; science versus technology; imagination
versus subjectivity
C. tuition versus intuition; region versus religion; subjugation versus
subjectivity
D. reason versus intuition; science ve rsus religion; objectivity versus
subjectivity
8. The Greek thinks in order to _______. It is speculation. The Hindu thinks
in order to _______. It is meditation. The Chinese thinks in order to _______. It is contemplation. C
A. do; die; live
B. spectacle; meddle; contempt
C. understand; think; self-cultivate
D. think; self-cultivate; understand
9. “Your body doesn’t know how to lie” indicates_____B
A. something is wrong with your body and you can only stand.
B. body language is important.
C. body contact is dangerous.
D. we can’t separate mind from body.
10. Generally speaking, in the US, people make friends by sharing ______,
while in China, people make friends by sharing _______.B
A. personal relationship; activities
B. activities; personal relationship
C. love; blood
D. blood; love
11. In terms of physical contact, the high contact countries are
__________________________________, while the low contact countries are ________________________________.C
A. the US, Britain, most Northern European countries; Arab world,
Mediterranean countries, Indonesia
B. the US, Britain, Japan; East European countries, Russia, Middle East
C. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, Indonesia; the US, Britain, most
Northern European countries
D. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, China; the US, Britain, most
Northern European countries
12. Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality of communication, the
high-contextual people are __________________________________, while the low-contextual countries are ________________________________A
A. Latin Americans, Chinese, Japanese; the Americans, German, Swiss
B. the Americans, German, Swiss; Latin Americans, Chinese, J apanese
C. Native Americans, Chinese, Koreans; the Americans, Japanese, British
D. the Americans, Japanese, British; Native Americans, Chinese, Koreans
13. Each person has a “bubble” of space (territory). Studies show that
people from ________, ________, ________have a smaller personal territory than do people from ________, ________, _________.A
A. South America, Arab countries, and many Asian countries; North America,
Britain, Germany
B. North America, Britain, Germany; South America, Arab countries, and
many Asian countries
C. South America, Britain, Germany; North America, Arab countries, and
many Asian countries.
D. North America, Arab countries, and many Asian countries; South America,
Britain, Germany
14. In ___________ culture, the nuclear family is much more important to
the individual than the extended family, while in ____________, ________, _______, ________ culture, the extended family is very important. C
A. Hispanic; American, Asian, Arabian, African
B. Arabian; American, Asian, African, Hispanic
C. American; Asian, African, Arabian, Hispanic
D. African; American, Asian, Arabian, Hispanic
15. In nuclear-family culture, people rely mainly on ______, ______,
________for help, while in extended-family culture, people rely mainly on ________for help. C
A. families, friends, professionals; families
B. families, friends, professionals; institutions
C. friends, professionals, institutions; families
D. friends, families, institutions; professionals
16. In nuclear-family culture, ______ usually comes first, while in
extended-family culture, _______ usually comes first. B
A. family; individual
B. individual; family
C. husband; wife
D. wife; husband
17.When it comes to friendship, an American friend would feel that they had
_______ if the friend gave up a real need to study to go shopping. One’s duties and obligations toward friends, even best friends are understood to ______; one does not expect friends to assum e burdensome, ______ responsibilities toward oneself. A close friend in the US is a person that one feels free to ask for help, recognizing, however, that the friend may _____, if they give you a reason. This is maybe that in the West, people prefer to be ______, so they do not feel comfortable in a relationship in which one person is ______ more and the other is dependent on what is being given. For Westerners friendship is mostly a matter of providing ______ support and ______. B
A. depended too much; limitless; small; say “OK”; dependent; receiving;
material; get separate
B. imposed too much; have limits; long-term; say “No”; independent;
giving; emotional; spend time together.
C. imposed too little; have limits; short-term; say “Yes”; free; earning;
financial; get involved
D. depended a little; limitless; big; say “Sorry”; independent; giving;
spiritual; get together.
18. In China, the duties and obligations of friendships seem virtually
________ for all practical purposes. Chinese friends give each other much ________ ________help and assistance than Western friends do. For example, they give each other _______ and might help each other _______for a _______period of time. A friend in China is someone who, sensing that you are in need in some way, offers to assist you _________.C
A. impossible; more spiritual; things; practically; short; when being
asked
B. enormous; less spiritual; money; financially; long; unwillingly
C. unlimited; more concrete; money; financially; long; without waiting
to be asked
D. limited; more concrete; things; materially; certain; if required
19. In times of trouble, both American and Chinese friends give each other
emotional support, but they do it differently. A Chinese friend is more likely to be ________ to give _______ advice to a friend, while an American friend will be ________ to give ________ advice, instead she may raise questions to encourage her friend to consider carefully what may happen if she does one thing instead of another. C
A. cautious; detailed; ready; specific
B. ready; ambiguous; cautious; guideline
C. ready; specific; cautious; direct
D. unwilling; direct; ready; specific
20. When it comes to the relationship between parents and married sons, in
China, a man’s relationship with his parents is _______ than that with his wife. Thus in the event of any quarrel between his wife and his mother,
a man should ____________. At most he might hope to __________, and this
was regarded as ________. In America, a man’s relationship with his parents is _______ than that with his wife. He would be expected to
______________. He might even be counseled to _______________ the vicinity of his parents’ home to ease the conflict. D
A. more important; side with his mother; side with his father; honorabl e;
more important; side with no one; move into
B. less important; side with no one; say something; honorable; less
important; side with his father; get away from
C. less important; side with his wife; remain silent; dishonorable; more
important; side with his wife; move into
D. more important; side with his mother; remain neutral; dishonorable; less
important; side with his wife; move away
Ⅲ. True or false:
1.Generally speaking, China is an equal society, America is a hierarchy
society. ( F )
2.Generally speaking, in Chinese society, the power distance is small,
while in America, the power distance is large. ( F )
3.Both the Asian and Western countries have the concept of “face”, and
“face” has the same social significance for these countries in that one’s face is also the face of one’s group.( F )
4.The dividing worldview relies strongly on “facts”as opposed to
“opinions”. ( T )
5.A very rough generalization is that thinking for the Greek is to look
upward, for the Hindu is to look inward, for the Confucians is to look outward. (F )
6.Values are explicitly stored in our mind. We are always aware of them,
and we make judgments according to them. (F )
7.Values are separate from each other. Each one work alone. ( F )
8.Values can be compared on a continuum rather than o ne of only two possible
choices. People everywhere possess the same values to different degrees, and the importance of that common value, how it gets acted out, is a matter of degree. ( T)
9.“Lover” and “爱人”have the same meaning. ( F )
10.In both China and Western countries, it is very common and usual for
adults to fondle other people’s babies and very small children to show their affection and friendliness. ( F )
Ⅳ.Translation:
1.Translate the following English into Chinese:
1)Nature and Man are blended into on e harmonious identity. 天人合一
2)Nature affects human affairs and human behavior finds response in Nature.
天人感应
3)Nature accords with human wishes. 天从人愿
4)Your character will be tinted “red”(good) if you are in the company of
“redness”, but “black”(bad) if you are in close contact with ink. 近
朱者赤，近墨者黑
5)God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者
6)Look before you leap. 三思而后行
7)A single arrow is easily broken, but not a bunch.轻霜冻死单根草，狂风难
毁万木林
He who stirs another’s porridge often burns his own. 狗拿耗子，多管闲事8)
2.Translate the following Chinese into English:
1)容忍tolerance of others
2)中庸之道moderation, following the middle way
3)修养self-cultivation
4)不重竞争non-competitiveness
5)信用trust-worthiness
6)贞节chastity in women
7)寡欲having few desires
8)服从、孝敬、尊崇、赡养父母filial piety
考试需知：考试前每一列学生把课本放在第一排。考试时间为2．5个小时，试卷1为闭卷考试，前面40分钟用于完成试卷1。待老师收上试卷1后，发下课本，学生做试卷2，试卷2 为开卷考试。可携带纸质词典进考场，不许携带电子词典及手机进考场。 Test Paper 1 Ⅰ. Filling the blanks: 1.Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality, the communication in the West is low-contextual while that in the East is high-contextual 2.Generally speaking, in terms of world views, the West adopts Dualistic view, while the East adopt s holistic view 3.Generally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the West follows Analytic and abstract thinking, while the East follows synthetic and concrete thinking 4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the West uses Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern 5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius,
中央广播电视大学2003--2004学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试 英语专业跨文化交际试题 注意事项 一、将你的学号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。 二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。 三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。 Information for the Examinees： This examination consists of FOUR sections．These are： Section I：Listening(20 points，30 minutes) Section II：Language Appropriacy and Accuracy(30 points，20 minutes) SectionⅢ：Reading Comprehension(20 points，30 minutes) Section lV：Communication Analysis(30 points，40 minutes) The total marks for this examination are 100 points．Time allowed for competing this examination is 2 hours(1 20 minutes)allowed for completing this examination is hours (120 minutes)． Section I：Listening [20 points] You are going to listen to an interview．Then choose the best answer from A，B，C and D to answer each question．Write your answers on the Answer Sheet． 1．Concerning the issue of maternity，what ideas prevail among Chinese women? A．The modern concept． B．The traditional concept． C．The responsibility to the society．’ D．The responsibility to the family． 2．According to the passage，raising children——． A．is an unbearable burden to women B．is a significant part of a woman’s life C．is the permanent task of women D is the task 0f both a man and a woman 3．Giving birth ． A．brings great pleasure to women B．differs men from women physically and spiritually C．makes the women’s life complete D．all the above 4．Those oppose giving birth think that ． A．giving birth is something rather primitive
1.Iceberg:{Edward. 7. Hall.--
跨文化交际(胡超版)期末试题
Test Paper Ⅰ. Filling the blanks: 1.G enerally speaking, in terms of contextuality, the communication in the West is low-contextual while that in the East is high-contextual 2.G enerally speaking, in terms of world views, the We st adopts Dualistic view, while the East adopts holistic view 3.G enerally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the West follows Analytic and abstract thinking, while the East follows synthetic and concrete thinking 4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the West uses Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern 5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in India is Siddhartha Gautama, the great figure in Palestine are Hebrew prophets, and the great thinkers in the West are Plato, Homer and Archimedes Ⅱ. Choose the best answer: 1.Non-verbal messages are classified into two comprehensive categories: those that are primarily produced by the body, such as_________,________,_______; and those that the individual combines with the setting, such as _______, _______, _______.D A.physical contact, eye contact, paralanguage; space, time, man B.facial expression, touch, taste; space, time, silence C.appearance, movement, gesture; surrounding, occasion, man D.movement, smell, paralanguage; space, time, silence 2.In Chinese writing, there are usually more adjectives, proverbs and allusions than in English writing. Some Western scholars name this style “flowery”, stating that its aim is to give a more fanciful impression than information, and the information is usually of beauty, fragrance, happiness, and any other “goodness”aspects so as to attract people. We may term this style as_______-oriented. Western writing is more direct with objective inform ation. To them, much-repeated words may mean less after a while. We may term the Western writing as ________-oriented.C A. adjective, objective B. Chinese, Western C. impression, information C. indirect, direct 3. As to the human nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds that _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.B A. basically good; basically bad B. evil but perfectible, basically good C. the mixture of good and evil; the mixture of good and evil; D. unknown 4. As to the Man-Nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds that _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.D A. subjugation to nature; harmony with nature B. harmony with nature; mastery over nature
《跨文化交际》试题（附答案） Paper 1 Communication Analysis ? The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.? ? Question 1 Case 1: Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant. Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it! Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.? ? Question 2 Case 2: Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory. Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong! Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job. Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure. Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music. Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment. Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game. Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment! Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.? ? Question 3 Case 3: This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.
定义题 1. What is “intercultural communication”? P6 refer to communication between people whose cultural backgrounds are distinct enough to alter their communication event. There are three kinds of things you need to learn if you want to be able to communicate effectively with Westerners. First, you need to learn a foreign language, usually English. Second, you should learn as much as possible about Western cultures. However, studying English language and Western culture is not enough. You should also learn something about what happens when people from different cultures try to communicate with each other —in other words, "intercultural communication." 2.What is a culture? P13 A culture is essentially a group of people who carry many of the same ideas in their heads. Culture: can been seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture. Culture: a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people 3.What are stereotypes?P13 Stereotypes means very broad generalizations such as “British people are polite,”“Americans are friendly”, and so forth. It is a derogatory word. It means that image, idea, character that has become fixed or standardized in a conventional form without individuality and is therefore false and shallow. Stereotypes may have a basis in fact, but they are too broad and shallow, and they give us the mistaken idea that a people’s culture can be summed up easily in a few short , simple statements. Stereotypes are also dangerous because they may trick us into believing that knowing a few stereotypes is the same thing as understanding another culture. 4.What does “interpretation” means?P24 A very important aspect of intercultural communication is “interpretation”, t he process of deciding what foreigners’ words and actions mean and why they do what they do. For example, when Xiao Li tries to understand why the taxi driver asked for so much money, she is “interpreting” his behavior. 5.I n dividualist p32 Individualist culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as individuals and emphasize the needs of individuals. In general, Western culture tends to be individualist. They view themselves as independent of collectives; are primarily motivated by their own preferences, needs, rights, and the contacts they have established with others; give priority to their personal goals over the goals of others; and emphasize rational analyses of the advantages and disadvantages to associating with others. 6.Collectivist P32 Collectivist culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as members of groups (families, work units, tribes, nations), and usually consider the needs of the group to be more important than the needs of individuals. Most Asian cultures, including China's, tend to be collectivist. People see themselves as parts of one or more collectives; are primarily motivated by the norms of, and duties imposed by, those collectives; are willing to give priority to the goals of
跨文化交际练习 班别：学号姓名 Directions: For each problem in this part, you are presented with one situation with four utterances underneath. Read the description on each situation with the utterances and decide which is/are the appropriate utterance(s) in that situation where communication is done in English. 1. On the way home, a student addresses his cousin Li Ming in English: a. “Hello, cousin!” b. “Hello, Li Ming!” 2. In the office of the English Department An English student studying in China is telephoning the secretary of the department. Jack: “Hello, I’d like to speak to Li Ming, please.” Song: a. “I’m Li Ming.” b. “This is me.” c. “Li Ming is speaking.” 3. In the students’ dormitory Andrew: “ Would you like to watch a football match?” Xiao Zhang: a. “I’d love to, but I’m busy at the moment.” b. “I haven’t finished my homework yet.” c. “ Excuse me, but I’m not free.” 4. At a friend’s home in England. A Chinese student gives a birthday present to her English friend. Mary: “Thank you. It’s beautiful.” Xiao Zhao: a. “Really? Do you like it?” b. “Don’t mention it. It’s only a small thing.” c. “I’m glad you like it.” 5. At a bus stop Man: Excuse me, do you know which bus goes to London Road, please? Woman: Sorry, I’ve no ideas. Man: a. It doesn’t matter. b. Oh. c. Thank you anyway. 6. Joyce is talking to her friend, Brenda. Joyce: “Do you mind posting this letter for me on your way home, Brenda?” Brenda:a. You’re welcome. b. I don’t care. c. I don’t min d. d.No, not at all. 7. In a factory, Li, the guide, is interpreting for a group of foreign guests. When they have finished visiting one workshop, he would like the group to follow him to the next workshop. He says: a. This way, please. b. Come here! c. Follow me! d. Move on! 8. Li had something to tell the manager, Mr Smith. He went to his place, entered the room and said: a. You’re not busy, I hope. b. Got a minute? c. Can I have a word with, Mr Smith. d. I’m terribly sorry to trouble you, Mr.Smith. 9. You’re v isiting a new British friend. His house is very beautiful. Do you _______ a. tell him how beautiful it is ? b. ask how much it costs? c. ask if he’ll take you round every room? 10. You’ve arranged to meet a friend at 2pm. But you missed the train and you know you’ll be at least two hours late. Do you ________ a. decide not to meet your friend, and phone him the next day? b. phone him, apologize and tell him you’ll be late? c. decide not to phone, and just arrive late? 11. A British friend is having dinner at your house. His plate is empty. You offer him more food and he says no. Do you ___ a. keep offering until he says yes? b. just put the food on his plate without asking again?
跨文化交际期末考试题 Ⅰ. Define the following items. 1.c ontext ：P49 2.n oise: P54 3.i ntercultural communication ：communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. 4.i ndividualism: P99 5.c ollectivism: P99 6.h igh-context culture ：P110 a culture in which meaning is not necessarily contained in words. Information is provided through gestures, the use of space, and even silence. 7.l ow-context culture ：P110 a culture in which the majority of the information is vested in the explicit code. 8.v erbal communication ：communication done both orally and in written language 9.n onverbal communication ：involves all nonverbal stimuli in a communication
Part 1 Comprehensive Check （15*2）每课的练习A Part 2 Multiple Choice （25*1）每课的练习E复习题的变体；另外请中看第五章 Part 3 E-C Translation（10*1）每课的练习C Part 4 Term-matching（10*1） Part 5 Multiple function（5*5）其中三道是简答题，两道是案例分析。 Terms/questions: 1. Economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. 2. Barber system –Farming communities traded their surplus produce in exchange for products and services without the medium of money. –Human society has always traded goods across great distances. 3. Global village：real time events 、the time and space compression –All the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the Internet. 4. Melting-pot大熔炉: a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities. 5. Diversity: refers to the mix of people from various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures and sub-cultures to which members belong. 6. Intercultural communication: refer to communication between people whose cultural backgrounds are distinct enough to alter their communication event. Perception 7. Culture: can been seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture. Culture: a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people 8. Enculturation(文化习得): all the activities of learning one’s culture are called enculturation 9. Acculturation(文化适应): the process which adopts the changes brought about by another culture and develops an increased similarity between the two cultures. 10. Ethnocentric(文化中心主义):the belief that your own cultural background is superior. 11. Communication: mean to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge. 12. Components of Communication： Source交际邀请 The source is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate. Encoding编码 Unfortunately (or perhaps fortunately), humans are not able to share thoughts directly. Your communication is in the form of a symbol representing the idea you desire to communicate. Encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol. Message编码信息 The term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process, the verb; the message is the resulting object. Channel交际渠道 The term channel is used technically to refer to the means by which the encoded message is transmitted. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face communication.