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句子结构与成分练习题(含答案)

句子结构与成分练习题(含答案)
句子结构与成分练习题(含答案)

句子结构与成分练习题(含答案)

一、句子结构与成分

1.Which part is the VERB of the following sentence "Tom rides his bike to school every day."?

A. "Tom"

B. "rides"

C. "his bike"

D. "every day"

【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意:句子“汤姆每天骑自行车去上学”的动词是哪一部分?在原句"Tom rides his bike to school every day."中,Tom是主语,rides是谓语,his bike是宾语,to school

是动词不定式表目的作状语,every day是时间状语。故答案为B。

【点评】考查简单句的结构。掌握简单句的五种基本类型。

2.If you go there, you can ______.

A. by bus

B. go on foot

C. take with a car

D. by train to go

【答案】B

【解析】【分析】根据句子成分,on foot作go的方式状语,其他选项句子成分错误,故

选B。

【点评】考查句子成分结构。

3.Could we meet at the school gate at 8 a.m.?(选出主语)

A. we

B. meet

C. the school gate

D. 8 a.m.

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:我们能在学校门口早上八点钟见吗?句子的主语通常在谓语的前面,是谓语动词陈述的对象,可知此句的主语明显是we,故选A。

【点评】此题考查句子的成分。根据句子的结构和划线部分在句子的位置确定找出的成分

是什么。

4.He was also famous philosopher. (选出定语)

A. He

B. also

C. famous

D. philosopher

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:他是如此著名的哲学家。定语是来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质和特征的,famous,著名的,形容词,作定语修饰名词philosopher哲学家,故选C。

【点评】此题考查句子成分。根据要确定的句子成分,分析句子结构,选出正确答案。

5."Those sweet memories of summer days are about quiet streams and trees and shade." The main structure of the sentence is .

A. S+V

B. S+V+DO+OC

C. S+V+IO+DO

D. S+V+P

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:这些关于夏天甜美的记忆主要是宁静的溪流、树和影子。A、S+V=Subject (主语)+Verb (谓语);B、S+V+DO+OC=主语+谓语+宾语+宾补;C、S+V+IO+DO =Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语);D、S+V+P=subject+verb+predicate ,属于主系表结构;该句是主系表结构,主语是: Those sweet memories of summer days,系动词are+表语,即剩下的部分,用于说明主语,故选D。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意主谓宾结构的句子的用法。

6.They ________ take a short rest.

A. stopped to

B. stop

C. stopped

D. stopping

【答案】A

【解析】【分析】句意:他们停下来休息。简单句,主语+不及物动词+不定式目的状语,stop,不及物动词,停下来,故选A。

【点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态。

7.What he ________ does not matter.

A. says

B. saying

C. say

D. said

【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意:他讲的没什么关系。简单句,主语+不及物动词,say,不及物动词,讲,故选D。

【点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态。

8.A band ________ in the park yesterday.

A. playing

B. was playing

C. was played

D. played

【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意:乐队在公园里演奏。根据yesterday,可知用过去进行时,简单句,主语+不及物动词,play,不及物动词,演奏,故选D。

【点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态。

9.What is your new speech on, Mr. Smith?(选出宾语)

A. What

B. your new speech

C. on

D. Mr. Smith

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:你的演讲是关于什么,史密斯先生?on 介词后面跟宾语,特殊疑问词what在句中作on的宾语,故选A。

【点评】此题考查句子成分。根据句子结构确定划线部分在句中的成分,选出正确答案。

10.He ________ several months every year.

A. travels with

B. travels in

C. travels for

D. traveled

【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意:他每年在外旅游好几个月。由every year可知为一般现在时。简单句,主语+不及物动词,travel,不及物动词,不能直接跟名词作宾语,中间需连接必要的介词,for,主语是he,故用travels,故选C。

【点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态。

11.Which structure is right?

A. Your father is ill in bed.(S+V)

B. Your friend fell down.(S+V+O)

C. Your team won the match.(S+V+O+OC)

D. He seems ill.(S+V+P)

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:哪个结构是正确的? A is 是系动词,故是主系表结构形式,S+V 表示主谓,B fell 是不及物动词,故是主谓形式,S+V+O 表示主谓宾,C the match是宾语,故是主谓宾形式,S+V+O+O表示主谓双宾,Dseem是系动词,故是主系表形式, S+V+P 表示主系表,故选D。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意seem是系动词的用法。

12.______ cold in winter in Liaocheng.

A. It

B. Its

C. It's

D. it's

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:聊城的冬天是寒冷的。A.它;B.它的;C.它是;D.它是。根据句子可知缺少主语和谓语,排除A、B。句首单词首字母大写,故选C。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记,理解句意。

13.Gina's books _______ in the room.

A. is everywhere

B. are everywhere

C. is at everywhere

D. are at everywhere 【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意:Gina的书在房间里到处都是。主语是Gina's books,复数,用

are,everywhere是一个副词,前面不需要用介词,故选B。

【点评】考查主系表结构。牢记主谓一致,并注意everywhere的用法。

14.Dora's dream is ________ an English teacher when she grows up.

A. for being

B. to being

C. to be

D. be

【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意:Dora的梦想是当她长大时成为一名英语老师。to do不定式做表语,故选C。

【点评】考查to do不定式做表语。

15.The boy_______ black hair_______ a blue coat.

A. has; has

B. with; in

C. has; wears

D. with; wears

【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意:留着黑头发的男孩穿着一件蓝色大衣。一个句子中不能出现两个谓语动词故选项A和C错误,B选项两个介词,放在句中缺少谓语动词,with具有,with black hair留着黑头发,介词短语修饰主语the boy, wear穿着,谓语动词,根据主语the boy,wear用第三人称单数结构,故选D。

【点评】此题考查句子结构成分。注意句子的成分和句子的结构。

16.This cake is really big. _______ share it.

A. May be we can

B. We may be can

C. Maybe we can

D. Maybe can we

【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意“蛋糕真的很大,也许我们可以分享它”。maybe为副词,也许,可能,放于句首。may be中may是情态动词,be是动词原形,为系表结构,译为“也许是,可能是”。根据句意,故选C。

【点评】此题考查简单句和副词的用法。

17.Choose the correct structure(结构) of this sentence "He lent me a book."

A. S+V+O

B. S+V+IO+DO

C. S+V+P

D. S+V+DO+OC

【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。he为主语S;lent为谓语V;me为间接宾语IO; a book为直宾DO。故结构为S+V+IO+DO。故选B。

【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。

18.—What an interesting story she told us!

—Yes, and her voice sounded ________.

A. sweet

B. small

C. clearly

D. sadly

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊!——是的,她的声音听起来很甜美。sweet甜的;small小的;clearly清楚地;sadly伤心地。sound是系动词,后跟形容词,故选A。

【点评】考查系表结构。

19.Which of the following sentences is correct?

A. He came in and sat down.

B. We all like .

C. When we met. He didn't say hello.

D. We went out, headed for the bus stop.

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:下面那个句子是正确的。A是简单句,came和sat是并列谓语,都是一般过去式,所以A正确。B中的符号不符合英语习惯,在英语中没有书名号,表示书名时通常用斜体字形式。C句的标点符号是错误的,把met后的句号改为逗号才符合复合句的定义。D句中headed前应加上and或者将headed改为heading构成伴随状语。因此选A。

【点评】考查句法知识。

20.I ________ Beijing five year ago.

A. live in

B. lived in

C. lived on

D. has living on

【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意:五年前我住在北京。根据five year ago可知用一般过去时,简单句,主语+不及物动词,live,不及物动词,住,in,在……地方,故选B。

【点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态。

21.Anna is not my sister. _______ my friend.

A. He

B. He's

C. She

D. She's

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:Anna不是我的姐姐,她是我的朋友。A.他,主格,做主语;B.他是;C.她,主格,做主语;D.她是。根据sister可知是女性,排除A、B。句子缺少主语和谓语,排除C,C选项只有主语,故选D。

【点评】考查代词辨析和句子结构,注意平时识记其用法。

22.Hobo gave Eddie some ice cream. The sentence structure (结构) is _____________.

A. S+V+P

B. S+V+IO+DO

C. S+V+O

D. S+V+DO+OC

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:流浪汉给了埃迪一些冰淇淋。句子结构是?A.主系表;B.主语+谓语+间接引语+直接引语;C.主谓宾;D.主谓宾加宾补。gave是give的过去式,给,give sb.

sth.给某人某物,固定搭配,sb.是间接宾语,sth.是直接宾语,Hobo是主语,gave是谓语,故选B。

【点评】考查句子结构和成分。

23.The sentence structure of "We made a snowman happily." is ________________.

A. S+V+O

B. S+V+P

C. S+V+I0+DO

D. S+V+DO+OC

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:句子“我们快乐地做了个雪人。”的结构是主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾补。A、主语+谓语+宾语;B、主语+系动词+表语;C、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;

D、主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾补。由分析句子成分可知,We是主语,made是谓语,a snowman是宾语,happily是状语作宾补,故选D。

【点评】考查句子结构和成分,注意根据句子来分析结构。

24.Which of the following is correct?

A. Didn't you know if our teacher has checked out our homework?

B. Could you tell me what's the matter with Tom?

C. I wondered, "Would you like to have a picnic with me"?

D. Mary was seen play basketball when I passed the playground.

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:下面哪个选项是正确的?A项didn't表否定,if(是否)表不确定,二者连用导致句意不清;C项直接引语是客气的请求,动宾搭配错误;D项被动语态was seen后面的不定式符号需恢复;此三项都可排除。B项是含有宾语从句的主从复合句,句子结构正确,语句通顺,故选B。

【点评】考查句子结构和成分。根据语法知识判断句子的正误。

25.We'd like more students to join the story telling club.

A. 状语

B. 直接宾语

C. 宾语补足语

D. 谓语【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:我们想要更多的学生参加讲故事俱乐部。题干句的主语是We;谓语动词是would like;宾语是more students;句尾的动词不定式短语to join the story telling club是目的状语,故答案选A。

【点评】考查动词不定式。注意句子涉及到动词不定式作目的状语的用法。

26.It's getting colder and colder these days.

A. 表语

B. 定语

C. 状语

D. 宾语

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:如今天气变得越来越冷。句子谓语动词get,变得……,是连系动词,后接形容词作表语,构成系表结构,故答案选A。

【点评】考查句子的成分。注意涉及到连系动词后接形容词作系表结构的用法。

27.It is fair to give Anna the prize in the painting competition.

A. 形式主语

B. 直接宾语

C. 向接宾语

D. 真正主语【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:给Anna颁发绘画竞赛奖是公平的。It is +形容词+to do sth. 是固定句式,在这个句式中,it是形式主语,不定式是真正的主语,故答案选D.

【点评】考查动词句子成分。注意句子涉及到it is +形容词+to do sth的用法。

28.There are some volunteers in the park.

A. 表语

B. 宾语

C. 主语

D. 定语

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:公园里有一些志愿者。"there be+名词+介词短语"是固定句式,是倒装句,在这个句式中,there be后面的名词是主语,故答案选C。

【点评】考查句子成分。注意句子涉及到there be后的名词作主语的用法。

29.I feel very lonely, and my eyes fill with tears. (选出表语)

A. feel

B. lonely

C. my eyes

D. fill

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:我感到很孤独,我的眼中充满泪水。feel,感觉,系动词,后面跟形容词作表语,lonely意为孤单的,形容词,作表语。故选B。

【点评】此题考查句子的结构成分。根据句子的结构确定每个划线部分在句子中充当的成分,选出正确答案。

30.He can't get into the room. He _______ a key(钥匙).

A. hasn't got

B. doesn't

C. isn't

D. aren't

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:他不能进入房间,他还没有得到钥匙。A.还没有得到;B.助动词;C.不是;D.不是。主语是he,表示人,所以排除C、D。句子中没有谓语,B.doesn't不是谓语,排除B,故选A。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记句子含有谓语。

31.There is a river. You must _______ the bridge.

A. go across

B. across

C. go cross

D. go

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:有一条河,你必须穿过去。cross穿过,实义动词,across穿过,介词。句子缺少谓语,情态动词must后面用动词原形,排除B。go去,不及物动词,排除D。go across+名词=cross+名词,表示穿过......,固定搭配,故选A。

【点评】考查句子结构和成分,注意平时识记cross和across的区别。

32.The sentence structure of "Teachers ask me to finish the homework." Is " ".

A. S+V+O

B. S+V+IO+DO

C. S+V+O+C

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:句子"Teachers ask me to finish the homework."的结构是什么?A.主语+谓语+宾语;B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;C.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。主语是teachers,谓语是ask,宾语是me,宾补是to finish the homework,故选C。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记其分类。

33.The sentence structure of "My mother gives me some bread." is " ".

A. S+V+O

B. S+V+IO+DO

C. S+V+DO+C

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:句子"My mother gives me some bread."的结构是什么?A.主语+谓语+宾语;B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;C.主语+谓语+间接宾语+宾语补足语。my mother是主语;gives是谓语;me是间接宾语;some bread是直接宾语,故选B。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记其分类。

34.The structure of the sentence" The students visited the museum." is .

A. S+V

B. S+V+DO

C. S+V+I0+DO

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:句子" The students visited the museum."是什么结构?A.主语+谓语;B.主语+谓语+直接宾语;C.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。the students是主语;visited是谓语;the museum是间接宾语,故选B。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记其分类。

35.The sentence structure of "The boy looks smart." is" ".

A. S+V+O

B. S+V+IO+DO

C. S+V+O+C

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:句子"The boy looks smart."是什么结构?A.主语+谓语+宾语;B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;C.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。the boys是主语,looks是谓语;smart是表语,故选C。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记其分类。

36.The sentence structure of "They talked for an hour." is " ".

A. S+V+O

B. S+V+IO+DO

C. S+V+A

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:句子"They talked for an hour."的结构是什么?A.主语+谓语+宾语;

B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;

C.主语+谓语+状语。they是主语;talked是谓语;for an hour是状语,故选C。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记其分类。

37.The sentence structure of "Who knows the answer?" is " ".

A. S+V+O

B. S+V+IO+DO

C. S+V+DO+C

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:句子"Who knows the answer?"是什么结构?A.主语+谓语+宾语;

B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;

C.主语+谓语+间接宾语+宾语补足语。who是主语;knows是谓语;the answer是宾语,故选A。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记其分类。

38.The shop ________ from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. But it ________ at 4: 30 on Sundays.

A. opens; closes

B. opens; is closed

C. is open; closes

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:商店从上午9点到下午5点营业,但是星期天在4点半关门。根据from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m是段时间,用表示持续性状态的动词或形容词,open是瞬间动词,描述客观事实用一般现在时,主语是it,第三人称单数,故谓语动词是单三式,故选C。

【点评】考查动词,注意持续性动词和主谓一致的用法。

39.'My father bought me a new watch yesterday.' It is a structure of_________.

A. S+V+P

B. S+V+IO+DO

C. S+V+DO+CO

D. S+V+DO

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:昨天我爸给我买了一块新手表。它是S+V+IO+DO结构。My father (主语S)+bought(谓语V)+me(间接宾语ID)+a new watch(直接宾语DO),故选B。

【点评】考查句结构和成分。注意识记S+V+IO+DO结构的用法。

40.I go to the movies once a week.

A. 宾语

B. 状语

C. 表语

D. 定语

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:我一周去看一次电影。once a week,一周一次,修饰go to movies,表频率,作状语,故答案选B。

【点评】考查句子成分。注意句子涉及到once a week作状语的用法。

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