中考九年级全册-核心词汇变形归纳（附随堂练习）
中考核心词汇变形归纳-九年级全册
absent adj.缺席；不在→absence n．缺席，缺乏；没有
advantage n．优点；有利条件→ disadvantage (反义词)不利条件；缺点
behave v．表现；行为→behaviour n．行为；举止★
bank n．银行→banker n．银行家
burn v. 着火；燃烧→burnt (过去式/过去分词)
believe v．相信；认为→belief n．相信；信仰→believa ble adj.可相信的；可信任的★center n．中心→central adj.中心的；中央的★
chemistry n．化学→chemical adj.化学的；与化学有关的
chopstick n．筷子→chopsticks (pl.)
choose v．选择；挑选→choice n．选择；挑选★→chose (过去式)→chosen(过去分词) custom n．风俗；习俗→customer n．顾客；客户★
create v．创造；创建→created (过去式/过去分词)→cr eative adj.有创造力的，创造性的★discover v．发现→discovery n．发现；发觉★
direct v．指挥；导演→director n．导演；部门负责人
exact adj.精确的→exactly adv.确切地；精确地★
energy n．能量→energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的
educate v．教育→education n．教育→educational adj.教育的；有教育意义的★express v．表达；表示→expression n．表情；表示；表达方式
electricity n．电力；电流→electronic adj.电子的；电子设备的
fail v．不及格；失败；未能做到→failure n．失败★
glass n．眼镜→glasses(pl.)
hero n．英雄；男主角→heroes (pl.)
humor n．幽默→humorous adj.有幽默感的；滑稽有趣的
harm n．伤害；危害→harmful adj.有害的★→harmless adj.无害的；无恶意的
instruct v．指导；命令→instruction n．指示；命令
introduce v．介绍→introduction n．介绍★
leaf n．叶子；叶→leaves(pl.)
live v．活；居住；生活→lively adj.生气勃勃的；(色彩)鲜艳的★
law n．法律→lawyer n．律师
lay v．放置；安放；产卵；下蛋→laid (过去式/过去分词)
lie v．存在；处于；平躺→lay (过去式)★→lain (过去分词)
nation n．国家；民族→national adj.国家的；民族的→international adj.国际的
office n．办公室→officer n．军官；官员★→official adj.官方的；正式的
punish v．处罚；惩罚→punishment n．处罚；刑罚
pronounce v．发音→pronunciation n．发音；读音
polite adj.有礼貌的；客气的→politely adv.礼貌地；客气地★→impolite adj.不礼貌的；粗鲁的
produce v．生产；制造→product n．产品；制品
pain n．疼痛→painful adj.令人痛苦的；令人疼痛的
poem n．诗→poet n．诗人
regret v．懊悔；感到遗憾→regretted (过去式/过去分词)★
ring v．(钟、铃等)鸣；响→rang(过去式)→rung(过去分词)★
require v．要求→requirement n．所需的(或所要的)东西
suggest v．建议；提议→suggestion n．建议；提议★
silent adj.沉默的；不说话的→silence n．沉默；缄默
steal v．偷；窃取→stole (过去式)→stolen (过去分词)★
sudden adj.突然的→suddenly adv.突然地
stick v．粘贴；将……刺入→stuck(过去式/过去分词)
shut v．关闭；关上→shut(过去式/过去分词)→shutting(现在分词)
total n．& adj.总数，合计；总的→totally adv.完全地；全部地；整个地
thirst n．渴；口渴→thirsty adj.渴望的；口渴的
translate v．翻译→translation n．翻译→translator n．译员；翻译家
value n．价值；重要性→valuable adj.贵重的；很有用的；宝贵的
wealth n．财富→wealthy adj.富裕的；富有的
wolf n．狼→wolves (pl.)
【随堂练习】
A篇
阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
Sometimes I really doubt w__1__ whether there is love between my parents. Every day they are
very b __2__ trying to make money for my schooling.
One day，my mother was sewing a quilt(缝被子)．I silently sat b__3__ her.
“Mom，is there love b__4__ you and Dad？” I asked in a very low voice.
With s__5__ in her eyes，she stopped her work for a while. Then she said，“Susan，look at this thread(线)．It can h__6__ be seen，but it's really there. It makes the quilt strong. If life is a quilt，love should be a thread. Love is inside.”
I couldn't u__7__nderstand her until the next spring. At that time，my father suddenly got sick seriously. My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month.
After they were back，my mother h__8__ my father walk slowly on the country road every day. They were so k__9__ to each other and it seemed they were the happiest couple.
After two months my father still couldn't walk by himself.
“Dad，how are you feeling now？” I asked him one day.
“Susan，don't w__10__ about me.” he said.“I just like walking with your mom. I like this kind of life.” Reading his eyes，I knew he loves my mother deeply.
Now I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life. Love is inside，making life strong and warm.
1.__________
2.__________
3.__________
4.__________
5.__________
6.__________
7.__________
8.__________
9.__________ 10.__________
【参考答案】
1.whether
2.busy
3. beside
4. between
5.surprise
6.hardly
7.understand
8.helped
9.kind 10.worry
B篇
阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
Tom got along with all of his neighbours except the man who lived next door. The man never spoke to a (1) and no one knew what he did for a living.
One day, when Tom came home f (2) work, he found a diamond necklace outside his door. Tom wondered w (3) it came from.
Tom t (4) that perhaps someone had dropped the necklace, s (5) he planned to take it to the police station the next day. He thought the police would be able to find the o (6). Just then, the police came to Tom’s home and saw the necklace in hi s hand. Tom was very shocked when he was c (7) with robbery. A policeman told him that a jewellery shop had been r (8). A witness said that she had s (9) someone run from the jewellery shop into Tom’s building right a (10) the robbery.
Tom was not guilty, but how could he prove it?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 9. 9. 10.
【参考答案】
1. anyone/anybody/another
2. from
3. where
4. thought
5. so
6. owner
7. charged
8. robbed
9. seen 10. after
二、英语书面表达专项训练
2．中国传统文化源远流长，代代相传。近期各校都在开展学习中国传统文化活动。某网站正在开展以“弘扬中国传统文化”为题征文，请你用英文写一篇报道，介绍你校上周举办的“讲中国成语故事”活动并谈谈你的收获与感受。
提示词语： Chinese idioms, story, collect, share, learn from, acient
提示问题：● What did you do during the activity of "Telling Chinese idioms story"?
● What did you learn from the activity?
● What do you think of it?
【答案】The activity of “Telling Chinese idioms story” was held in our school last week.
In order to take part in this activity, I collected lots of Chinese idiom stories in advance. Many students, including me, actively shared the Chinese idiom stories in the activity. After each story, the teacher explained the meaning of idioms and how to use it correctly. We learned a lot from our teacher.
I did lots of reading in the process of preparation. My reading ability has improved greatly. What’s more, I realized the richness of Chinese acient culture. I really had a good time on the activity.【解析】
【详解】
1.题干解读：这是一篇提纲类书面表达，只给了一些要点提示，但都不很明确。学生除了要把所给要点提示都表达出来外，还要进行适当拓展，使文章内容充实。
2.例文点评：例文采用三段式；用第一人称来叙述讲成语故事活动；因为活动已经举办，所以时态采用一般过去时；对参加活动的过程描写完整且条理清晰。
3.高分亮点：
短语：in order to，take part in，lots of，learn from，in the process of，What’s more，have a good time。
句型：被动句型。
3．2019年2月20日，中央宣传部授予北京榜样优秀群体“时代楷模”称号。时代楷模充分体现“爱国、敬业、诚信、友善”的价值准则。
某网站正在开展以“向时代楷模学习”为主题的英语征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈生活中你该怎么做，以及这样做的意义。
提示词语：pick up, rubbish, study, honest, important
提示问题：● What should you do in your daily life? ● Why do you do so?
As a middle student, I can do a lot to learn from our role models.
【答案】例文
As a middle student, I can do a lot to learn from our role models. First, we can protect the environment. For example, we can pick up the rubbish, recycle things in our daily life, and so on. Second, we shall respect people around us. Respect others to start from small things. Third, behave well. We should be kind to others, warm-hearted to everyone, and generous to our friends. By doing so, our world will become more and more beautiful.
【解析】
【详解】
题干解读：该题目属于应用文写作，但写作时要按照应用文格式写，写作时承接短文开头，具体写出怎样做以及这样做的意义。
例文点评：例文采用的是一段式，人称用的是第一人称复数形式，时态主要用的是一般现在时，描述具体怎么做时，描写细致，条理清晰。
高分亮点：
短语：protect the environment；pick up the rubbish；behave well；be kind to sb；more and more beautiful。
句型：By doing so, our world will become more and more beautiful；we can pick up the rubbish, recycle things in our daily life, and so on。
4．旅行是学习的最好方式之一。请以“Travelling”为题，根据以下思维导图的提示，写一篇短文，并发表你的看法。
注意：
1. 要点齐全，适当发挥；
2. 从思维导图Sayings部分，选择恰当的格合理利用在短文中；
3. 词数：100词左右；
【答案】例文
Travelling is one of the best ways for learning. You may have read or heard about something, but you can never get an exact picture of it until you see it yourself. Seeing is believing. If you are a careful observer, you can learn much during your travel about the geography, biology, and history of the places you visit. You can also create great memories for your lifetime. Furthermore, while travelling, you can meet more people and make more friends. No matter how well educated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through travelling.
【解析】
【详解】
这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如one of the best ways，learn much，an exact picture of，a careful observer，seeing is believing，no matter，a lot等。而非谓语动词结构Seeing is believing./ Furthermore, while travelling, you can meet more people and make more friends.和If you are a careful observer, you can learn much during your travel about the geography, biology, and history of the places you visit./ No matter how well educated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through travelling.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。
【点睛】
书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。
5．书面表达
安全对于每个人都很重要。中学生年龄较小，学生安全更是人们关注的焦点。请根据以下提示，写一篇关于学生安全的英语作文。
内容提示：
1.交通安全：遵守交通规则，不闯红绿灯等；
2.食品安全：吃健康食物，不吃垃圾食品等；
3.活动安全：进行体育锻炼时，不要弄伤自己，不私自下河游泳等。
提示词语：
study hard, read, healthy food, exercise, help, chores, at home,
Travel Safety is very important to everyone.
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】Safety is very important to everyone. Middle school students are like precious flowers –so their safety is becoming a focus for us all.
First, we must obey the traffic rules when we go out. Don’t cross the street when the light is red. Secondly, w e should eat healthy food. Don’t eat junk food. Eat more fruits and vegetables. Eat less meat and eggs. Finally, be careful not to hurt yourself while you are playing outside. It’s dangerous to go swimming by yourself, so don’t go swimming without permissi on. These are some important safety tips to remember.
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇材料作文。本文所给材料比较详细，我们要做的就是用正确的英语把这些内容表达出来。动笔前要认真阅读材料，不可遗漏要点，并适当发挥。根据材料内容可知本文主要使用一般现在时，主语是第一人称。写作时注意人称、时态的搭配及主谓一致问题。同时适当使用连接词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系。
【点睛】
这篇短文涵盖了题目要求的所有要点内容，表达准确，意思连贯，符合逻辑。在文章的结构组织上很好地使用了简单句和复合句，文章脉络清晰，自然流畅。同时，文章还使用了一些常用的句式和短语，如：祈使句的使用、we must、we should、in a word、It’s +形容词+ to动词不定式结构以及序数词的使用等，这为文章增色不少。在学习中注意积累，牢记一些常用句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章的表达更有逻辑性，更富有条理。
6．假设你是光明中学的学生李华，你正在参加“发现心灵最美的人，创建城市文明，争做文明市民” 活动，请根据以下汉语提示写一篇英文发言稿。
1. 上周三放学时，雨下得很大，于是在校门口打了一辆出租车；
2. 下车时由于匆忙把英语书落在车上；书上有你的姓名；
3. 到家发现书不见时，感到很焦急；
4. 幸运的是第二天早上，司机把书送到学校；
5. 当看到自己的书时，既开心又感动；
6. 你应该……你打算/将要. …
参考词汇：感动be moved幸运的是fortunately要求：
1. 词数：80-100；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3. 要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。
Hello，everyone！I am Li Hua from Guangming, Middle School.
Last Wednesday，when I finished school，it
was_______________________________________________
【答案】Hello，everyone！I am Li Hua from Guangming Middle School.
Last Wednesday，when I finished school，it was raining hard（1）.Then l took a taxi at the school gate（2）.But I left my English book in the taxi（3）because l was in a hurry when L got out of it（4）.There was my name in my book（5）.When l got home and found my book gone.
I felt very worried and sad（6）Fotunately /Luckily，the next morning，the kind-hearted driver sent it to my school（7）.I was very happy and moved（8）when I saw my book come back. I think I should learn from the driver（9）.And I am going to set up a lost and found website to help the people who need help（10）.
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇材料作文，根据提示中的相关信息介绍一下你所正在参加“发现心灵最美的人，创建城市文明，争做文明市民” 的这个活动。所提供的信息中列举了1. 上周三放学时，雨下得很大，于是在校门口打了一辆出租车；2. 下车时由于匆忙把英语书落在车上；书上有你的姓名；3. 到家发现书不见时，感到很焦急；4. 幸运的是第二天早上，司机把书送到学校；5. 当看到自己的书时，既开心又感动；6. 你应该……你打算/将要. …；主要从这六个方面去介绍。时态为一般过去时，人称为第一人称。注意发作文中必须包含提示上的所有信息，并适当发挥。写作时，避免使用汉语式的英语，尽量使用我们熟悉的句子或短语。语法要正确，表达要符合英语习惯，注意时态、时间状语的搭配及主谓一致问题。写作中适当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系，表达具有条理性。
【高分句型一】
I left my English book in the taxi because I was in a hurry when I got out of it. 我把英语书忘在出租车上了，因为我下车时很匆忙。
句子I because I was in a hurry when I got out of it.是由because引导的原因状语从句。
【高分句型二】
I was very happy and moved when I saw my book come back. 当我看到我的书回来时，我非常高兴和感动。
句子when I saw my book come back.是由when引导的时间状语从句。
7．假如你叫李华, 三年的初中生活即将结束, 你将迎来漫长的暑假, 你的笔友Peter写信来询问你的暑假计划。请根据表格中所给的基本信息给你的笔友回信, 告诉他你的暑假计划。要求：
1. 回信必须包含表格中的所有信息, 并可适当发挥, 字数在80字左右, 开头和结尾不计入总字数。
2. 回信中不得出现真实的人名和校名, 否则将以零分计。
3. 书面表达必须写在答题卡上, 如在本卷上作答, 一律不得分。
Dear peter,
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Yours
Li Hua
【答案】例文Dear peter ,
Thank you for your letter, in the letter, you asked me how I planned my summer vacation, now, let me tell you all about it.
Firstly I will visit my grandparents as soon as I leave school, I haven’t see them for a long time, I miss them so much. Then , I am going to take trip to Beijing and Shanghai to open up my eyes, as we all know, both cities are so beautiful and important, I believe I can learn a lot by travelling. After coming back, I will learn senior subjects by myself to get ready for the coming senior school, because I dream to go to a famous university.
That’s all about my plans, please write me soon and tell me about yours.
Yours
Lihua
【解析】
【详解】
本文分三个自然段。第一段点出文章主题you asked me how I planned my summer vacation,
now, let me tell you all about it。第二自然段用Firstly，Then ，After coming back有序列出三个计划。文章结尾用That’s all about my plans, please write me soon and tell me about yours总结。另外，文中为第一人称，时态主要为一般将来时will visit my grandparents，I am going to take trip，I will learn senior subjects等。
8．阅读可以使人开阔视野，阅读可使人心旷神怡，不管是参加中国汉字听写大会，还是中国诗词大会，都需要有良好的阅读基础。下面请大家谈谈阅读的好处并在生活中养成良好的阅读习惯。
注意：作文字数，不低于60字.
参考词汇：increase our knowledge open up our eyes improve writing skills
learn the world affairs without going out make the life colorful
Reading is very important in the whole life for people. There are many benefits of reading
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ Therefore, start reading, no matter how old you are and what you are doing. Then, you may find the great charm and benefits of reading.
【答案】Reading is very important in the whole life for people. There are many benefits of reading.
Firstly, reading increases our knowledge. It teaches us skills about getting a good job, cooking and so on. Secondly, reading is a good way to improve writing skills. Before you learn to write, you must know how others write. Thirdly, reading can open up our eyes and we can learn the world affairs without going out. we can know how things happened in the history and how to avoid bad things from happening. Finally, reading all kinds of books can make our life colorful.
Therefore, start reading, no matter how old you are and what you are doing. Then, you may find the great charm and benefits of reading
【解析】
此篇书面表达是根据提示介绍读书的好处及养成良好的阅读习惯。文章的时态以写作时为主。写作时注意firstly，secondly，thirdly，Finally的使用。开篇点题，分析读书的好处。最后发出呼吁让人们读书。
9．紧张而又忙碌的初中生活即将结束，在装载你收获的行囊----成长记录袋中还应增添一份你自己满意的答案。
根据上述提示，请以“My Unforgettable Junior High School Life”为题写一篇文章，记录你难忘的校园生活。首句已给出。
注意：. 1.语言通顺，句子连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；
2. 短文中不得出现任何人名、校名或能够透露你个人身份的相关信息。
3.词数80左右，信件的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
My Unforgettable Junior High School Life
How time flies!
【答案】How time flies! My colorful junior high school life is nearly ending. Here is what I think of about myself.
In the past, I was busy learning my subjects and worked hard at them. I got on well with my classmates. I was good at English. I liked playing basketball / football / volleyball. But now I am interested in history, because it is very interesting. I have many interests such as reading books, playing sports and so on. In this way, I’ve got more knowledge and improved my life.
In the future, I’ll try my best to do better. I’ll learn to enjoy my school life. I’ll make it more and more beautiful. Believing myself is the key to success.
【解析】
【详解】
这篇短文要求我们以My Unforgettable Junior High School Life为题，回想一下自己即将过去的初中，讲述难忘的初中生活。题目中用思维导图，列出了一些文章中会用到的关键词，供学生们参考使用。审题可知，这篇短文应以一般过去时、第一人称为主来叙述。题目中并没有给出具体的写作内容，学生们应发挥自己的想象力，可以从自己的学习、爱好、与同学的交往、与老师的相处以及自己的感受等方面进行详细阐述。写作时应注意：首先要展开合理想象，补充文章细节内容，注意各部分内容之间的层次，内容要完整、充实，结构要清晰。其次应注意英语的表达习惯和汉语是不同的，不能逐词翻译。句子的结构要完整，可以简单句结构为主，如主谓宾或主系表结构。为提升作文档次，应穿插使用并列句、复合句及其他复杂句式。语句之间使用恰当的连接成分，使文意连贯、自然。
【点睛】
这是一篇优秀的作文，短文作者根据题目要求，回忆了自己的初中生活，并描述了自己的感受。短文有以下几个优点：首先文章内容充实、完整，符合题目要求。短文中作者从自己的学习情况、与同学的交往、爱好、特长等方面进行了总结，在最后提出了对未来的希望。层次清晰，结构合理。其次短文中使用了正确的时态和人称，文章第一段引出主题，使用了一般现在时；第二段回忆过去的生活，主要使用了一般过去时；最后对未来提出希望，用到了一般将来时。语法规范，用词准确，注意了名词、动词、形容词等的正确形式。句式结构完整，以简单句为主，也使用了并列句、宾语从句、状语从句等复合句句型，调整了文章节奏，提升了作文档次。短文中较好的句型有：In the past, I was busy learning my subjects and worked hard at them、But now I am interested in history, because it is very interesting、In this way, I’ve got more knowledge and improved my life.、I’ll make it more and more beautiful. Believing myself is the key to success等等。