(限时25分钟)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations ________ help is needed.(2011·河南省五市高三模拟)
A．that B．which
C．when D．where
解析：分析句子结构可知，本题考查定语从句的引导词，引导词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where，相当于in which。
答案：D
2．The Internet is a huge computer system ________ allows millions of people around the world to share information.(2011·河南省洛阳市检测)
A．where B．as
C．which D．when
解析：考查定语从句。which在此处用作关系代词，引导定语从句，which在从句中作主语。句意：因特网是一个庞大的计算机系统，它使得世界上成千上万的人们共享信息成为可能。
答案：C
3．In Australia, surfing is a popular sport among young people ________ they can seek excitement and adventure.(2011·辽宁六校模拟)
A．that B．which
C．where D．how
解析：考查定语从句。本题的先行词是sport，在从句中充当状语，因此选择where，相当于in which。
答案：C
4．I don't know the reason ________ you were absent from the meeting, and I am not sure that someone will tell me the reason ________ you haven't told me.(2011·山西省运城市模拟)
A．why; that B．that; why
C．because; why D．of which; that
解析：考查定语从句。第一空填关系副词why，在从句中作状语；第二空填关系代词that，在从句中作told的直接宾语。
答案：A
5．Several Western countries made a surprise attack on Libya, ________ caused widespread destruction and left many people dead and many suffering a lot.(2011·南京金陵中学模拟)
A．where B．that
C．when D．which
解析：考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面句子的内容。
答案：D
6．Shopping on the Internet has a lot of advantages, ________ the most important is perhaps its convenience.(2011·江苏省苏中三市联合调研)
A．of which B．whose
C．that D．in which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：在因特网上购物有很多优点，其中最重要的也许是它的便利。分析句子结构和语意可知，此处定语从句修饰advantages，表示其中的某一部分，故选择of which，也可以写成the most important of which。
答案：A
7．—Believe it or not, my sister and I are twins.
—Oh, you must have had the case ________ you were taken for your sister.(2011·山西省六所重点中学模拟)
A．which B．whose
C．where D．whom
解析：考查定语从句。答句句意：噢，你肯定有过你被误认为是你姐姐的情况。where you were taken for your sister是定语从句，修饰先行词the case，表示的是抽象地点，where可用in which替换。
答案：C
8．You should explore your talents so as to find out ________ your real interests lie.(2011·山西太原模拟)
A．what B．which
C．where D．how
解析：考查名词性从句。此处是由where引导的宾语从句，作find out的宾语同时在从句中作地点状语。所以答案选C项。
答案：C
9．There is solid evidence ________ watching 3D movies can have some side effects on the viewers.(2011·山西省三市联考)
A．what B．that
C．which D．how
解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，引导词在从句中不作成分，也没有意义，因此用that引导同位语从句，作解释说明。
答案：B
10．All of Manhattan, parts of Brooklyn and Queens are blacked out, and people have no idea ________ it's coming back on.(2011·河南省洛阳市检测)
A．that B．when
C．how D．where
解析：考查同位语从句。when引导同位语从句解释说明名词idea的具体内容。句意：整个曼哈顿，布鲁克林和皇后区的部分地区都停电了，人们还不知道什么时候能来电。
答案：B
11．—Why do you think the film star is getting less popular?
—I guess the way she wears is ________ annoys her fans most.(2011·东北三省六校联合诊断)
A．which B．where
C．how D．what
解析：考查名词性从句。what引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，而且what在从句中作主语。答句句意：我猜她的穿着方式是最让她的粉丝们恼火的。
答案：D
12．—How are you getting along with your project?
—I was about to give up when an idea occurred to me ________ I could work with my roommate Tim.(2011·辽宁六校模拟)
A．that B．how
C．why D．whether
解析：考查名词性从句。从句I could work with my roommate Tim 句意完整，不缺少成分，因此使用that引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的内容。
答案：A
13．They waited patiently for ________ seemed a very long time, stamping in the snow to keep their feet warm.(2011·苏锡常镇四市调查二)
A．which B．it
C．when D．what
解析：考查名词性从句。for后面的从句中缺少主语，故用what。句意：他们耐着性子等了很长一段时间，不断地在雪地上跺脚取暖。
答案：D
14．In recent years, there has been a heated argument about ________ it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.(2011·南京金陵中学模拟)
A．whether B．if
C．what D．that
解析：考查宾语从句。空白处在介词about之后，表示“是否”之意，且在介词之后引导宾语从句，只能用whether，介词后通常不用if引导宾语从句。
答案：A
15．________ you didn't know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure to report.(2011·江西抚州市适应性测试)
A．That B．Where
C．What D．Why
解析：考查主语从句。句意：不要把你不知道规则作为你报道失败的借口。that 引导陈述句作主语，不能省略。
答案：A
16. 交际用语题—We got here Tuesday afternoon.
—________ Why didn't you call us earlier? (2011·安徽高考)
A．Good luck! B．You did?
C．It's no surprise. D．You are welcome.
解析：句意：“我们周二下午到这儿的。”“真的吗？为什么不早点给我们打电话？”You did? 你们真的(周二下午就到这儿了)吗？故选B项，此项的完整表达
是“You got here Tuesday afternoon？”。
答案：B
17. 交际用语题—I'm sorry I broke the vase.
—Oh，________. It wasn't very expensive.(2011·山东高考)
A．you'd better not B．I'm afraid not
C．as you wish D．that's all right
解析：句意：“很抱歉，我把花瓶打碎了。”“噢，不要紧，它并不是很贵。”四个选项中只有“that's all right”可以用于对别人的道歉作出礼貌回答，意思是“没关系，不要紧，没什么”。
答案：D
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2011·河南洛阳市检测)Sons who have fond childhood memories
of their fathers are more likely to be emotionally stable in the face of
day-to-day stresses, according to psychologists (心理学家) who
studied hundreds of adults of all ages.
“As our study shows, fathers do play a unique and important role in the mental health of their children much later in life，” Psychology professor Melanie Mallers of California State University said.
For this study, 912 adult men and women between the ages of 25 and 74 completed short daily telephone interviews about that day's experiences over an eight-day period. The interviews focused on the participants' psychological and emotional distress (i.e., whether they were nervous, sad, etc.) and if they had experienced any stressful events that day.
The participants were also required to answer questions such as, “How would you rate your relationship with your mother during the years when you were growing up？”and “How much time and attention did your mother give you when you needed it？” The same questions were asked about fathers.
People who reported they had a good mother-child relationship reported three percent less psychological distress compared to those who reported a poor relationship, according to Mallers.
Men who reported having a good relationship with their father during childhood were more likely to be less emotional when reacting to stressful events in their current daily lives than those who had a poor relationship, according to her findings.
Also, the quality of mother and father relationships was significantly associated with how many stressful events the participants faced on a daily basis. In other words, if they had a poor childhood relationship with both parents, they reported more stressful incidents over the eight-day study when compared to those who had a good relationship with their parents.
Mallers theorized why healthy or unhealthy relationships may have an effect on how people handle stress as adults. “Perhaps having caring parents equips children with the experiences and skills necessary to more successfully navigate their relationships with other people throughout childhood and into adulthood.” she said.
语篇解读：最新研究发现，孩提时父母与子女的关系会影响孩子成人以后处理压力的能力。
18．What can we know about the recent study from the passage?
A．It was led by Melanie Mallers.
B．912 adults who were over twenty-five joined in it.
C．It lasted as long as eight days.
D．It was funded just by California State University.
解析：细节理解题。从文中第三段第一句可知该研究进行了8天，故选C项。根据第三段第一句可知，B项不对；A、D两项在文中没有信息支持。
答案：C
19．Which of the following may the participants be asked about in telephone interviews?
A．Their physical condition.
B．Their parenting skills.
C．Their emotional distress and stressful events.
D．Their childhood relationships with teachers.
解析：细节推断题。结合第三段最后一句和第四段的内容可知，被调查人员有可能
被问到他们的感情困扰和有压力的事情。故选C项。
答案：C
20．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Many people with good parent-child relationships still can't keep emotionally stable in stressful incidents.
B．Men with a good mother-child relationship were more likely to be emotionally stable when reacting to stressful events.
C．Women were better at getting along with their parents than men when they were young.
D．People with good childhood relationships with parents suffered less stressful incidents.
解析：细节理解题。根据第七段“In other words, if they had a poor childhood relationship with both parents, they reported more stressful incidents over the eight-day study when compared to those who had a good relationship with their parents.”可判断选D。
答案：D
21．What can be concluded from the findings of the study?
A．Childhood memories of parents have a lasting effect on one's ability to handle stress.
B．Adults with good childhood relationships with parents will live happily and successfully.
C．The mother-child relationship is more important than the father-child relationship.
D．The quality of parent-child relationships determines how people handle stress as adults.
解析：推理判断题。从文章第一段和接下来对研究内容和研究结论的描述可知，孩提时与父母间的相关记忆可以影响一个人处理压力的能力。D项错在determines的说法过于绝对。
答案：AB
(2011·东北三校第一次联考)If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it. Codes are one way of writing in secret. Ciphers (暗码) are another. In a code each word is written as a secret code word or a code number. In a cipher each letter is changed.
Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the world. Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2,000 years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops. During the American Revolution, George Washington's spies used a kind of code to send him information about the enemy before his military action. In World War Ⅱ，the Americans “broke” or figured out Japan's most important navy codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet.
Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods. The codes show how much is paid for the
goods or when they are added to the stock. Businessmen use codes to hide plans from their business enemies. Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code. Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers simply as a hobby.
In the 16th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists. They wrote messages to each other in code so that no one else would learn their secrets. Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer (占星家), mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis cipher. He took two sheets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one. Then he sent one sheet, which he called a trellis, to a friend and kept the other for himself. Whenever he wanted to write a message, he put his trellis over a clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret message through the holes. There he removed the trellis and filled the rest of the paper with words that would make sense. When his friend received it, he put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.
(语篇解读：密码和暗码有效地保护着秘密，无论是在战火纷飞的前线，还是在没有硝烟的商场，它们的作用都功不可没。有人甚至把它当做个人爱好，其乐无穷。) 22．The best title of this passage would be ________.
A．Codes and ciphers
B．Differences between codes and ciphers
C．History of codes and ciphers
D．Inventors of codes and ciphers
解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段点明了本文的中心话题，密码和暗码是有效保护秘
密的两种方式，所以A项最能概括文章大意。
答案：A
23．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Ciphers can be broken or figured out more easily than codes.
B．You could read some words in Geronimo's letter without his trellis.
C．The first person who ever used a cipher in history was Julius Caesar.
D．Fondness of using codes was the hobby of the scientists in the 1600s.
解析：正误判断题。最后一段倒数第二句提到Geronimo拿掉框架，然后在纸张的
空白部分填满有意义的内容，由此可推断没有框架也可以读他的信件。
答案：B
24．According to Geronimo Gardano, a trellis is ________.
A．a piece of paper with many small holes
B．a secret message with a lot of small holes
C．a letter with unreadable words and sentences
D．a sheet of paper with groups of Arabic figures
解析：推理判断题。最后一段的第四、五两句提到他将两张纸剪成同样的框架，然后把其中一张寄给他朋友，这样对方就可以利用这张框架来套读信件的内容，由此可推断A项正确。
答案：A
25．It is NOT mentioned in the passage that codes and ciphers are used for the purpose of ________.
A．military affairs B．commercial secrets
C．scientific achievements D．personal enjoyment
解析：细节理解题。第二段提到了密码和暗码的军事作用，第三段提到了其在保护商业秘密和作为个人爱好的作用，文章中没有提到其在科学成就方面的作用。
答案：C
高三语法复习专题定语从句（一） 【学习目标】1.熟练指出定语从句的相关术语 2.只能用that，which的情况。 3.准确选择关系代词或关系副词。 4.掌握介词+which的情况。 预习案Previewing case ［典例分析］She is the girl who likes singing. 主句 ; 从句 ; 先行词 ;关系代词 ; 〔了解几个基本含义〕 ①定语从句的定义：一个句子担任定语，这个句子就叫做定语从句。 根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，定语从句分为限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句和间隔式定语从句。 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制的作用，若去掉它，先行词便不能明确表示其所指对象，因此，限制性定语从句和它的先行词所指意义有着不可分割的联系，不能用逗号将其与先行词隔开。如：The old woman has two daughters who work in the same company. 非限制性定语从句对先行词获主句起补充说明的作用，即使删去也不影响主句的语义完整。非限制性定语从句与先行词或主句之间常用逗号隔开。如：Yesterday, my boss left for Paris, where he had stayed for five years. 间隔式定语从句是指为了某种特殊的需要，与先行词分离的定语从句。如：The actor entered the hall who had just sang several pop songs. ②先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、词组或代词成为先行词。 ③关系词的作用：既代替前面的先行词在句子里担当一定的句子成分，又把两个句子连接起来构成一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。 〈举一反三〉请找出下列所给句子的先行词以及关系代词，并猜想关系代词/关系副词的作用。用“”表示先行词；“”表示关系代词，并完成表格。 1.The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher. 2.The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting. 3.She lives in a house whose windows faces south. 4.Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher? 5.I have never heard such stories as he tells. 6.I’ll never forget the day when /on which I joined the army. 7.I won’t forget the factory where / in which my father worked. 8.Tell me the reason why you came late.
考研英语翻译中定语从句的翻译技巧 导语：今天小编给大家带来了“考研英语翻译中定语从句的翻译技巧”，供大家阅读和参考。希望它对您有帮助。如果您喜欢这篇文章，请分享给您的好友。 根据我们的统计，从1994年开始到2006年13年的65道翻译题中总共出现了36处定语从句，占到了55.3%的比例，一半还要多的比例！因此定语从句的翻译的好坏直接影响到考研翻译的分数。所以定语从句翻译的好坏直接影响到广大考生考研翻译的分数我们知道，能够作定语的不仅是单词、词组和短语，还有从句也可以作定语，那么这种从句我们称之为定语从句。 英语中的定语从句起到了一个修饰的作用，作用相当于形容词，那么定语从句我们也称之为形容词性从句。同时，我们把定语从句分为两类，一是限制性定语从句，一类是非限定性定语从句。那么，什么是限定性定语从句，简单来讲就是对所修饰的先行词的意思加以限制，表示“….的人或是物”， 举个例子来说：He is a man whom you should marry. 在这个句子中，如果去掉定语从句whom you should marry. 这个句子意思就不完整，甚至可以说是不成立了。 而非限定性定语从句，顾名思义，这类定语从句对于所修饰的事物没有限制意义的作用，而起到一种补充说明和解释的作用，与主句的关系并不密切，拿掉非限定性定语从句，主句意思照样成立。 举个例子来说：He is my father, who love me deeply. 在这个句子中，如果去掉这个“who love me deeply.”非限定性定语从句，He is my father，这个主句照样成立，意思也不会受到太大影响。 而定语从句种类的不同，我们在翻译的时候采用的翻译方法也不尽相同。 一、前置法 当一个限定性定语从句结构和意义较为简单，或是较为简短时，我们把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。 我们看一个2003年的一个句子。 Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. 本句中the environment后面又跟了一个定语从句。大家看下他是什么定语从句，是限定性还是非限定性定语从句。限定性吧！它有什么特点呢，只有三个词，意义和结构都较为简单，因此我们在翻译的时候就要把它放在他所修饰的先行词的前面。 译文：而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的'想法和想像。 再比如： 98 年71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. 这个句子中That existed 15 billion years ago.是一个定语从句，其先行词是the patterns and structures.这个定语从句比较简单，我们可以直接将其翻译他所修饰的先行词的前面。 译文：但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 二、单独成句 当一个限定性定语从句的结构较为复杂，意义较为繁杂的时候，如果把它翻译在其修饰
定语从句 一．考点概述： 本考点是历年高考中考查的重点，主要考查关系代词(who, which,that,whose,whom)和关系副词（when, where, why）的用 法；考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；其次阅读理解和完型填空中长难 句的分析等 二．考点聚焦 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 例如： He is the man who studies in USA. 本句中涉及到三个概念： 1.先行词即 the man：被定语从句饰的词称为先行词 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样 可作先行词。 2. 引导词即who:起连接的作用 引导词分两类：关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：who;which;that;whose;whom 关系副词：when;where;why 3.从句即studies in USA.：引导词之后的句子。 三．考点精讲 1. 关系代词 : who;which; that; whom; whose 其中关系代词who;which;that;whom用于后面的从句缺主语或宾语的情况 (1)who:指代先行词是人(可做从句的主语或宾语)
She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语) (2)which:指代先行词是物（做从句的主语或宾语） That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (3)that: 指代先行词是人或物（做从句的主语或宾语） She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (4)whom;指代先行词是人，但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。 She is the girl who/whom I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man whom teaches us English.(从句缺主语,本句用whom是错误的) (5)whose:指代从句中缺定语的情况（表示所属关系） That is the building whose windows broke last night.(本句中的windows是属于 the building构成一种所属关系即缺少building’s) 2.关系副词：when;where;why(该三个词主要用于从句是不缺主语或是宾语的情况 即从句是个完整句) (1) when:指代先行词表时间如：time；month;year;occasion等(形式上等于介词 +which) I still remember the day when /on which I came to Beijing.(该从句是一个完整的句子，先行词是the day在从句中需要加个介词on来做状语的成分即I came to Beijing on the day) (2)where :指代先行词是地点的词如：place;house;school;也可以是模糊的词如：point;stage;work;situation等(形式上等于介词+which) That is the place where/in which I was born .(该从句I was born也是一个完整句，即不缺主语或宾语的，此时where可以换成in which) (3)why:指代先行词是表原因的词即：reason（形式上只能是等于for+which) That is the reason why/for which he was late for school.
题组一基础过关 I.单句语法填空 1. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ________, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 2. Care of the soul is a gradual process in ________ even the small details of life should be considered. 3. That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. 4. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 5. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ________ made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true. 6. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood. 7. Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world. II. 用适当的关系词填空 1. Do you remember the scene ________ Cao Cao and Liu Bei were drinking? 2. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 3. I will never forget the days ________ I was taken good care of in that village. 4. Do you know the reason John is so angry? 5. None of us know the reason ________ Tom was absent from the meeting. 6. The reason he explained at the meeting for his absence didn’t make sense. 7. I still remember the night she left the house. 8. However, this was a time one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 9. Today we have reached a stage we have almost no rights at all. 10. The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 题组二能力提升 I．单项填空 ( ) 1.This year’s children’s party, ________ some parents were invited to, was a great success. A.which B.why C.whose D.where ( ) 2.The death of the closest relatives, ________ almost every one of us has experienced, always makes people feel bitter and unbearable. A.which B.who C.as D.the one ( ) 3.—Have you heard any news about Sarah? —Yes, she was promoted to president of her company, ________ surprised everyone.
2020考研英语：易混语法解析(三) 考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由我为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：易混语法解析(三)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯! 2020考研英语：易混语法解析(三) ⑴定语从句 从定义来看，能充当定语的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句通常对名词起修饰、限定作用。它的构成如下：先行词+关系词+从句。其中，被定语从句修饰的名词称为先行词连接先行词和定语从句的连词称为关系词，分为关系代词，如who, whom ,what, whose, that等关系副词when, where, why.句子中的关系词该用关系代词，还是关系副词，取决于句子缺什么成分，缺主语、宾语和定语，用关系代词缺状语，用关系副词。 ⑵同位语从句 能充当同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。通常后面的从句能对前面的名词起一个解释、说明的作用。它的构成也是：名词+关系词+从句。通常，后面的从句解释说明前面的名词内容。 ⑶区别 看到这里，不少同学会发现，定语从句和同位语从句的构成非常相似，都是“名词+关系词+从句”的结构。那它们岂不是没有区别了?不对，肯定是有区别的，否则不都可以称为一个从句了?何还费事的取两个名字呢?那区别在哪呢?定语从句中，关系词引导的从句是一个不完整的从句，即从句中是缺少成分的，缺少什么成分决定了使用什么关系词而同位语从句中，关系词引导的从句是完整的句子，不缺少成分。 例：①He told me the news that is surprising. ②He told me the news that the plane is exploded.
定语从句专题复习 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose(一般指人), that（指人或物）, which(指物)等。 关系副词有： when（时间）, where(地点), why（原因）等。 （1）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 ① who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you 他就是你想见的人吗（who / that在从句中作主语） He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/who/that在从句中作saw的宾语,可以省略） ② whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose/of which cover（封面）is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 ③ which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： Rosa likes music that/which is quite and gentle.（which / that在句中作宾语）This is the book (that/which) I'm looking for.（which / that在句中作look for 的宾语） （2）关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 ① when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如： Do you remember the day when I saw you(你还记得我见到你的那一天吗) Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗 ② that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 （3）判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，
大学英语语法专题练习 从句练习 1.Ihopealltheprecautionsagainstairpollution,_____suggestedbylocalgovernment, willbeseriouslyconsidered here. A)whileB)sinceC)afterD)as 2. The problem of ________ to select as his successor was quickly disposed of. A)whatB) whomC)whichD)how 3.____youropinionsareworthconsidering,thecommitteefindsitunwisetoplacetoo muchimportanceonthem. A )As B )Since C)ProvidedD) While 4. This is an ideal site for a university _______ it is far from the downtown area. A)provided thatB)so thatC)now thatD)in that 5. You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _______ to suspend your tent. A)thereB)them C)whichD)where 6. _______quite recently, most mothers in Britain didn“t take paid w ork outside the home. A) BeforeB) UntilC)FromD)Since 7. ___________I admit that there are problems, I don“t think that theycannot be solved. A)UnlessB)Until
Section 8定语从句 两年高考真题演练 1．(2015·江苏高考)The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 2．(2015·湖南高考)It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 3．(2015·北京高考)Opposite is St.Paul's Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music. 4．(2015·浙江高考)Creating an atmosphere in ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 5．(2015·重庆高考)He wrote many children's books, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s. 6．(2015·陕西高考)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent. 7．(2015·四川高考)The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 8．(2015·天津高考)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work. 9．(2015·安徽高考)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.
考研英语语法之定语从句详解 考研英语语法体系中包含了三大从句，其中定语从句是考频最高的一种，且也是最重要的一种，在各个题型中都有所体现。因此在基础阶段各位考生一定要学会在长难句中如何快速的识别定语从句。 一、定语从句的构成：先行词（所修饰的名词）+关系代词/关系副词（从属连词）+从句 二、定语从句的类型：根据从属连词的不同可以将定语从句分为三种类型：关系代词引导的定语从句，关系副词引导的定语从句，和as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。 1.关系代词引导的定语从句 who/whom 修饰人 which 修饰物 that，whose 修饰人或物 在这一类从句中需要注意的是关系代词在句子中所起的作用。首先，关系代词连接主句和从句；其次关系代词指代所修饰的先行词；最后关系代词往往在从句中做主语或者宾语，且做主语时关系代词不能省略，做宾语时可以省略。 例1：He who laughs last laughs best.（笑到最后的人笑得最美。） 分析：who引导定语从句修饰主句的主语he，且在从句中做主语，不能省略。 例2：He is collecting authentic material which can prove his argument.（他正在收集确凿的证据以证明他的观点。） 分析：that引导定语从句修饰名词material，且在从句中做主语，不能省略。 例3：The house (which) we bought last month is very beautiful.（我们上周买的这套房子很漂亮。） 分析：which引导定语从句修饰名词house，且在从句中做宾语，可以省略。 例4：The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside.（妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。） 分析：whose引导定语从句修饰表示人的名词the girl，且在从句中做主语，不可以省略。 2.关系副词引导的定语从句 when 修饰表示时间的名词，在从句中做时间状语。 where 修饰表示地点场合的名词，在从句中做地点状语 why 修饰表示原因的名词，在从句中做原因状语 whereby 修饰表示方式或方法的名词，在从句中做方式状语 前三种关系副词在考研英语中出镜率比较高，最后一种不太常见，容易被考生忽略。关系副词在意义上常常相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。 例1：The commentator must know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments when the pictures speak for themselves. (播音员必须懂得沉默的价值，懂得在画面不需要解释说明的时刻如何利用沉默。) 分析：when引导定语从句修饰表示时间的名词moments，在从句中做时间状语。 例2：When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operation is established where time lose due to injuries is kept at a minimum.（工作完成后，一种无事故操作的环境被建立起来，在这种环境中，由于伤害造成的时间损失被保持在最低水平。） 分析：where引导定语从句修饰表示场合的名词climate，在从句中做地点状语。
定语从句
必备知识梳理考点一关系代词引导的定语从句： 一．who、whom、whose引导的定语从句
1.who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语，whom 在从句中只作宾语，两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语 时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school (who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year. (2017全国卷阅读七选五) Campers, in my eyes, were people that/who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. 2.whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于 of which，指人时相当于of whom。 (2016全国二卷阅读理解) I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students. 二．that、which引导的定语从句 1.which指物，常在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物 均可，常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. (2016天津卷阅读表达) Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. 2.限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况： (1).先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、 all、some、none、little few、the one等时； I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. (2).先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或其前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时； The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. (3).先行词被the only、the very、the last、any、every、each、few、
考研英语翻译中，定语从句的考查是一个重点和难点，且考查频次也很高。据统计平均每年翻译真题中对定语从句的考查达到2次。所以考生必须要掌握这个句型翻译，下面分享四大翻译法，帮你搞定定语从句! 英语中的定语从句起到了一个修饰的作用，作用相当于形容词，那么定语从句我们也称之为形容词性从句。同时，我们把定语从句分为两类，一是限制性定语从句，一类是非限定性定语从句。那么，什么是限定性定语从句，简单来讲就是对所修饰的先行词的意思加以限制，表示"…的人或是物"，例如：He is a man whom you should marry.在这个句子中，如果去掉定语从句whom you should marry.这个句子意思就不完整，甚至可以说是不成立了。 而非限定性定语从句，顾名思义，这类定语从句对于所修饰的事物没有限制意义的作用，而起到一种补充说明和解释的作用，与主句的关系并不密切，拿掉非限定性定语从句，主句意思照样成立。例如：He is my father, who love me deeply.在这个句子中，如果去掉这个"who love me deeply."非限定性定语从句，He is my father，这个主句照样成立，意思也不会受到太大影响。而定语从句种类的不同，我们在翻译的时候采用的翻译方法也不尽相同。 ?前置法 当一个限定性定语从句结构和意义较为简单，或是较为简短时，我们把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带"的"的定语词组,放置于被修饰的词之前,将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。 Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.(2003) 本句中the environment后面又跟了一个定语从句。大家看下他是什么定语从句，是限定性还是非限定性定语从句。限定性吧!它有什么特点呢，只有三个词，意义和结构都较为简单，因此我们在翻译的时候就要把它放在他所修饰的先行词的前面。 译文：而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想像。 But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.(1998,71) 这个句子中That existed 15 billion years ago.是一个定语从句，其先行词是the patterns and structures.这个定语从句比较简单，我们可以直接将其翻译他所修饰的先行词的前面。 译文：但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 ?单独成句 当一个限定性定语从句的结构较为复杂，意义较为繁杂的时候，如果把它翻译在其修饰的先行词的后面的话，会显得定语太过于臃肿和复杂，而无法让评卷老师看的清清楚楚，明明白白。所以这个时候我们要把定语从句单独翻译出来,放置于原来它所修饰的词的后面当定语。同时当定语从句是一个非限定性定语从句的时候，往往也要单独成句。 Tylor defined culture as "...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society." (2003,64) 在这个句子中，whole后面是一个很长的定语从句，无论从结构和意义上看都较为复杂，所以翻译时可以和先行词拆开。 译文：泰勒把文化定义为"一个复合体"，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯。 The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.(2004,61) "which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be."是非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子;在定语从句中long before引导时间状语从句修饰动词短语Take Root，在状语从句中又包含了一个由how引导的宾语从句，作realized的宾语。句中Take root in作"扎根"讲。因此这个非限定性定语从句是较为复杂的，所以我们采用单独成句的翻译方法。 译文："希腊人认为语言结构与思维过程有着某种关系，这种观点在人们认识到语言的千差万别之前就在欧洲扎了根。" ?融合法 把主句和定语从句融合成一个简单句，定语从句译成谓语。这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句，尤其是"there be"句型中。 There is a girl downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。 There are many people who are interested in the new invention. 很多人对这项发明感兴趣。
学考英语学习资料之语法专项补充 -定语从句? 第?部分：基础知识学习（PPT） 第?部分：学习效果检测 1. The best work ______ Luxun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film. 2. It was in 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship. It was 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship. 3. Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born? 4. Is this house ______ Shakespeare was born? 5. In the dark street, the re wasn’t a single person ___ she could turn for help. 6. The two things ______ they felt very proud were Jim′s gold watch and Della′s hair. 7. Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his being late. 8. Farming is difficult ______ there is no rain. 9. We need the same machine ______ is being used in your factory. 10．______ the people, not things ______ are most important. 11.______ surprised me most was the news ______ our team won. 12.This is the only book ______ I want to read. 13.The reason ______ I am so late is ______ I missed the bus. 14.The problem ______ you thought about has been completely settled. 15.Is this the tape-recorder ______you wish to have repaired? 第三部分易错点剖析 误区1：在从句中误加与关系代词同义的?称代词。 —This is the book that I have read _____ dozens of times.
高三英语定语从句复习教案 一、教学目标 知识目标：复习和掌握定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的作用和功能，能准确选择定语从句所需的关系代词或关系副词。 能力目标：能较好地运用定语从句，能正确组织包含定语从句的复合句。 德育目标：培养分析问题解决问题的能力，热爱祖国，关心时政，学会竞争和合作，建立自信心和集体荣誉感。 情感目标：通过学习调动学习积极性，使学生体会到英语的趣味和实用性。 二、重点难点：提高学生对语法复习的兴趣和积极性，较好地掌握定语从句的用法，理解 1） Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） Step3：复习关系副词 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I\'ll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.