非谓语动词与从句之间的关系及转换
非谓语动词与从句间的相互关系及转换:英语中的非谓语动词是整个英语语法当中非常重要的部分，也是英语学习的一个难点。非谓语动词作句子成分时与相应的从句有着千丝万缕的联系，它们之间可以有条件的进行相互转换。
一、非谓语动词与从句的相互关系
(一)不定式和分词作定语相当于定语从句
不定式通常位于被修饰名词后。与该名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。如果不定式与所修饰名词在意思上是被动且逻辑上的主语不出现时，要用不定式的被动式，与所修饰名词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。分词作定语时，单个分词置于名词之前，分词短语置于名词之后，与名词构成主谓关系或被动主谓关系。定语从句和不定式、分词作定语只是两种不同的表达方式，本质是相同的。
例如：I have many letters to type．(动宾关系)
→I have many letters which I should type．
I have many letters to be typed．(被动主谓关系)
→I have many letters which are to be typed by others．
The standing people shouted at the dean．(主谓关系)
(二)不定式和分词作状语相当于状语从句
1．不定式多作目的状语和结果状语．故可以转化为相应的目的状语从句和结果状语从句。
例如：Mother got up early to catch the early bus．(目的状语）
→Mother got up early 80 as to (in order to) catch the early bus．
→Mother got up early 80 that (in order that) she might catch the early bus．
【注意】80 as to和80 that不可放在句首。
She is too young to join the army．(结果状语)
She is 80 young that she cannot join the army．
2．分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式和让步等，相当于相应状语的从句。如果分词的逻辑主语与主句主语一致，则用现在分词；如果分词的逻辑主语与主句是被动关系且主语一致时，则用过去分词。分词作状语时，如果其带有逻辑的主语，称为分词的独立主格结构。分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语无语法联系。
例如：Seeing those pictures．he couldn't help thinking of the unforgettable days in New York．(时间状语)
→When he saw those pictures．he couldn’t help thinking of the unforgettable days in New Y0rk．
二、非谓语动词与从句的相互转换
(一)不定式与从句之间的转换
1．不定式作主语可转换成主语从句。
例如：When and where(for．8)to hold the meeting is unknown yet．→When and where we will hold the meeting is unknown yet．
2．不定式作宾语或宾补可转换成宾语从句。
例如：I don't know what to do with the matter．
→I don't know what I should do with the matter．
3．不定式作表语可转换成表语从句。
例如：My wish is to become a pilot after graduation．
→My wish is that I can become a pilot after graduation．
4．不定式作定语可转换成定语从句。
例如：The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance．
→The meeting that／which will be held is of great importance．5．不定式作且的、结果、原因状语可转换成相应的状语从句。
例如：They Started off early in order to(so as to)arrive in time．
→They started of early in order that(so that)they could arrive in time．(二)动名词与从句之间的转换
1．动名词作主语可转换成that引导的主语从句。
例如：Tom’s knowing English helps him in learning French．
→That Tom knows English help him in learning French．
2．动名词作宾语可转换成that引导的宾语从句。
例如：I remember having paid him for his work．
→I remember that I have paid him for his work．
3．动名词作表语可转换成that引导的表语从句。
例如：Our worry is your depending too much on him．
→Our worry is that you depend too much on him．
(三) 1分词与从句之间的转换
1．分词作定语可转换成that，who，which引导的定语从句。
例如：The man talking to my teacher is my father．
→The man who／that is talking to my teacher is my father．
2．分词作状语可转换成相应的状语从句。
例如：While waiting for the bus-I caught sight of her．
→While I was waiting for the bus．I caught sight of her．
3．分词作宾补可转换成宾语从句。
例如：I found him waiting for a bus at the station．
→I found that he was waiting for a bus at the station．
4．分词在句中作伴随或结果状语时。相当于一个并列句。也可和 tII结构转换。
例如：He died, leaving his daughter much money．
→He died，and he left his daughter much money．
三、分词的独立主格结构与从句的相互转换
(一)独立主格结构转换为从句
1．表示时间的独立主格结构可转换为时间状语从句。
例如：The shower being over，we continued our journey．
→When the shower was over．we continued our journey．
2．表示理由的独立主格结构可转换为原因状语从句。
例如：Au the tickets having been sold out，they went away disappointed ．→As all the tickets had been sold out，they went away disappointed ．3．表示条件的独立主格结构可转换为条件状语从句。
例如：All things considered，her paper is better than yours.
→If all things are considered．her paper is better than yours.
4．表示伴随状态的独立主格结构可转换为并列句或两个独立的句子。
例如：He went to the front door．his students following him．
(=He went to the front door，followed by his students．)→He went to the front door．an d his students followed him．
(二)从句转换为分词的独立主格结构
1．从句变为分词的独立主格结构时，要去掉连词，保留自己的主语。然后把从句的谓语变换为分词结构。试比较下面的句子。
例如：Mother being ill in bed．I Can't go to scho1．
→As Mother is ill in bed．I can 't go to schoo1．
2．表示伴随状态的独立主格结构有时可在其前面加用tll或without．例如：He went away，and not a word was spoken．
→He went away．without a word spoken．
3．当分词的独立主格结构的含义表示“一般人”，如we，one。you时。主语可以省略。
例如：Judging from his face．he must be ill．
→If we judge from his face, he must be ill．
英语中的非谓语动词是整个英语语法当中非常重要的部分，也是学生学习的一个难点。其实，我们可以从从句的角度来解释非谓语动词，弄清非谓语动词与从句的关系。
I. v-ing 形式与从句之间的转换
1. v-ing形式作主语可换成that引导的主语从句
Tom's knowing English helps him in learning French.
→ That _________ helps him in learning English.
Her being out of work was unexpected.
→ _____________________ was unexpected.
2. v-ing形式作宾语或宾补可换成that引导的宾语从句
I remember having paid him for his work.
→ I remember that___________________.
He suggests our making better use of the school library.
→ He suggests _________________________.
3. v-ing形式作表语可换成that引导的表语从句
Our worry is your depending too much on him.
→ Our worry is that ___________________
The question is many people's being trapped in the fire.
→ The question is _______________________.
4. v-ing形式作定语可换成that, who, which引导的定语从句
We will study in the house facing south.
→ We will study in the house that / which____________
The man talking to my teacher is my father.
→ The man __________________ is my father.
5. v-ing形式作状语可换成相应状语从句
On arriving there, I will telephone you.
→____________________, I will telephone you.
While waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her.
→__________________, I caught sight of her.
6. v-ing形式表伴随或作结果状语，相当于并列句，也可和with结构转换。
He died, leaving his daughter much money.
→He died, and (he) __________________.
II. V-ed形式与从句之间的转换
1. v-ed形式作定语可换成定语从句
The question discussed yesterday is very important.
→ The question that / which ______is very important.
The boy lost in thought is my brother.
→ The boy _______________is my brother.
2. v-ed形式作宾补可换成宾语从句
I found the room broken into and a lot of things stolen.
→ I found (that) ___________ and ____________
3. v-ed形式作状语可换成状语从句
(If) heated, water will turn into steam.
→ ________________, water will turn into steam.
Don't speak until spoken to. → Don't speak _____________________ III. to do形式与从句的转换
1. to do形式作主语可转换成主语从句
When and where (for us) to hold the meeting is unknown yet.
→ When and where _________ is unknown yet.
They seemed to be eating something cooked on the fire.
→ It seemed ______________________
2. to do形式作宾语或宾补可换成宾语从句
I don't know what to do with the matter. →I don't know ______________
I warned him not to drive the car after drinking.
→ I warned _______________________.
3. to do形式作表语可换成表语从句
My wish is to become a pilot after graduation.
→ My wish is ________________________.
My only worry was for her not to have enough experience in it.
→ My only worry was________________
4. to do形式作定语可换成定语从句
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
→ The meeting ________ is of great importance.
He was the first to arrive and the last to leave.
→ He was the first__________ and the last__________
5. to do形式作目的、结果、原因状语可转换成相应的状语从句
They started off early in order / so as to arrive in time.
→ They started off early____________________
She was so excited as not to go to sleep. She was too excited to go to sleep.
→ She was___ excited ________
非谓语动词和从句的转换---- 一.不定式（短语）与从句的关系 1.不定式（短语）在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。 (1).To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That I’m able to help you) (2).He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.) (3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea. (= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.) 2.不定式（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句 (1).We still don’t know when and where to build a school.(宾语) (=when and where we should build a school) (2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补)(=that he should go and see) (3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(宾语)(=That he hadn’t invited her.) 3不定式（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句 (1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(=that they should leave) (2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding. (=that they can get a good understanding) 4.不定式（短语）在句中作定语.，相当于一个定语从句 (1).The question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Beijing. (=that is shortly to open in Beijing) (2).All dead, I was the only one to grow up. (=that grew up) 5.不定式（短语）在句中作目的．结果状语.，相当于一个目的．结果状语从句 (１).He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(=in order/so that) (2).The lady was so excited as not to say a word.(=so excited that she couldn’t…)
最新英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Students surf the internet _______ more information about the university they are dreamt of. A．found B．finding C．having found D．to find 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们上网是为了找到他们理想大学的更多的信息。此处表示目的用不定式，指上网的目的。故选D。 2．Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house. A．lead B．leading C．led D．to lead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知，这是个there be 句型，因此，此处用非谓语动词，path与lead是主动关系，因此用现在分词，故选B。 3．______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies. A．Having exposed B．Being exposed C．To expose D．Exposed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动名词。句意：暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。分析句子成分发现even for a short time是插入语，may influence是谓语，前面的部分应该是主语，be exposed to“暴露于”，要用动名词Being exposed to。故B选项正确。 4．The lecture, _______at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A．starting B．being started C．to start D．to be started 【答案】A 【解析】 选A start与逻辑主语the lecture之间为主动关系，故排除B、D两项。不定式作定语时，常表示动作尚未发生，故排除C项，此处用现在分词作后置定语，表示主动。 第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.-ing形式/不定式的
定语从句和非谓语动词是高中阶段重要的两大语法项目。定语从句的应用可以使语言表达更精确更生动，显得使用者具有较高的英语文化底蕴，但也是中学英语的难点语法项目，许多同学在学习和运用定语从句时，感到很难理解。若将其简化，理解起来就比较简单了。而非谓语动词的正确使用，就可以使定语从句的理解容易化，简单化，而且使语句简练、更有文采。掌握二者的转换，有助于我们更好的理解其用法，并能够自如地运用。下面我就着重谈谈如何将定语从句转换成非谓语动词以及转换时应注意的事项。 1定语从句转换成不定式“to do”。 定语从句的谓语动词是将来时或含有情态动词或含有序数词the next，the last等时，该定语从句转换为不定式“to do”. （1）The plane which will arrive is from Hubei. →The plane to arrive is from Hubei。 （2）The students will go to a party that will be held in our class at 7：45. →The students will go to a p arty to be held in our class at 7：45. （3）He was the first boy who came to school. →He was the first boy to come to school. .2定语从句可转换成为“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句和“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”充当的定语，可以相互转换。被这种定语修饰的名词往往在逻辑上充当不定式动作的地点、时间或工具。例： （1）She wanted a room in which she could do her homework. →She wanted a room in which to do her homework. （2）She had only a pen with which she can write. →She had only a pen to write with.或She had only a pen with which to write. 注：定语从句转换成“介词+ 关系代词+不定式”时，此时的不定式一定是及物动词，如是不及物动词，则需在动词后面加上相应的介词。这个介词可提前到关系代词前面，也可留在句尾。前者是正式说法后者是非正式说法。而且上例中动词不定式与句子主语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，否则就不能简单地把作定语的不定式都变成此结构。 “He is looking for a place for his friend to live in”这句话。我们就不能将句中的a place for his friend to live in改为a place to live in或a place in which to live。 3.1定语从句可以转换为现在分词（短语） 如果定语从句的谓语是主动语态，且发生的时间与主句的谓语所表示的动作所发生的时间同时，此时可以将定语从句转换成现在分词短语）。 （1）Have you ever talked to the girl who is dancing to music over there？→Have you ever talked to the girl dancing to music over there？ （2）The question that is being discussed is about how to improve living conditions. →The question being discussed is about how to improve living conditions. .2定语从句可以转化为过去分词（短语） 如定语从句的谓语是被动语态，或是“系动词+过去分词（表语）”结构，且从句的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是在主句的谓语之前发生或无明确的时间。此时，我们可以将定语从句转换成过去分词（短语）。有时定语从句谓语虽然是主动语态.但它表示的动作在主句谓语之前就已经完成，这时我们可以将定语从句转换成过去分词（短语）。 （1）The report that was made yesterday will be discussed today. →The report made yesterday will be discussed today. （2）The dictionary which my mother bought for me is very useful.
一、非谓语动词转换成从句 1. Tom's knowing English helps him in learning French. That _________ helps him in learning English. 2. Her being out of work was unexpected. ____________ was unexpected. 3. I remember having paid him for his work. I remember that___________________. 4. He suggests our making better use of the school library. He suggests _________________________. 5. Our worry is your depending too much on him. Our worry is that ___________________ 6. The question is many people's being trapped in the fire. The question is _______________________. 7. We will study in the house facing south. We will study in the house that / which____________ 8. The man talking to my teacher is my father. The man __________________ is my father. 9. On arriving there, I will telephone you. __________________, I will telephone you. 10. While waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her. __________, I caught sight of her. 11. He died, leaving his daughter much money. He died, and (he) __________________. He died, with__________（With短语） 12. The question discussed yesterday is very important. The question that / which ______is very important. 13. The boy lost in thought is my brother. The boy _______________is my brother. 14. I found the room broken into and a lot of things stolen. I found (that) ___________ and ____________ 15. (If) heated, water will turn into steam. ________________, water will turn into steam. 16. Don't speak until spoken to. Don't speak _____________________ 17. When and where (for us) to hold the meeting is unknown yet. When and where _________ is unknown yet. 18. They seemed to be eating something cooked on the fire. It seemed ______________________ 19. I don't know what to do with the matter. I don't know ______________
二．定语从句： 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词（被修饰的那个名词或代词）；第二看从句缺少什么成份（如主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的引导词。 注意：引导词在介词后，指人只能用whom 指物只能用which 高考对定语从句的考查常涉及以下几个方面： 【考点6】正确区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的结构；理解关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的作用；特别注意指代整个主句内容的关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句，从意义上来说，是对主语的补充说明，从结构上来看，先行词和定语从句之间用逗号隔开，He makes great progress in his English learning, which makes his mother very happy. ⑧I shall never forget the day _____ Shenzhou V was launched, _____ has a great effect on my life. A. when; which B. that; which C. which; that D. when; that (2004北京东城) 【考点7】关系代词that，who，which以及as的用法区别。 指人时常只用who不用that的情况； 指物时只用which不用that的情况； 只用that不用which的情况； 关系代词as与which的用法区别； the same … that … 与the same … as …的区别: 1 其中that, who(whom)，都可以指人，那么他们在指人时有什么区别呢。[本条记忆技巧：用who 不用that 的情况 “there be” “one，ones，anyone，nobody, those ” 被分割。那里有(there)很多万(one)被那些人(those)分割。] <1>先行词为those, one, anyone, nobody 等词时，用who不用that,例如：The one who knows me well is Tom. <2>在分隔型定语从句中，若先行词是人，用who不用that, 例： A new teacher will come who will teach you German. 在本句中，先行词“teacher”和修饰限定它的从句“who will teach you German ”分离，所以我们用who 不用that。 <3>先行词为“there be”结构的主语时，例如 There is a man who wants to see you. 在本句子当中a man是There is a man 这句当中的主语，所以用who不用that 2其中，that 和which 都可以指物，它们在指物时的区别： 用that不用which <1>先行词前有形容词最高级,序数词,all, every, little, no, any, much, the only, the very, the last 等修饰时，例如： I have read all the books that you gave me. <2>先行词为all, few, nothing, everything, little, much等不定代词时： He did all that he could do to help us. <3>主语以who或which开头时 Who is the man that just called you just now? <4>关系代词在从句中做表语时 China is not the country that is was. <5>既指人又指物时 He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 2, 先行词表示物时, 用which不用that 的情况 <1> 引导非限制性定语从句时,例如: She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth. <2>当关系代词做介词宾语时,例如:
英语中if引导的条件状语从句用动词原形 还是非谓语动词 请看下面的句子，空格处应填动词原形还是非谓语动词： If they don't understand it the first time, _________ over it again until they do. A. going B. to go C. gone D. go 【分析】此题正确答案选D，其余几项均有可能被误选。空格前if 引导的是一个条件状语从句，而在空格处无论是填A、B或C，它都是一个非谓语动词短语，而不是一个句子，这样一来，整个句子没有主句，从而导致结构不完整。若选D，则go over it again until they do 则是一个句子(祈使句)，在此用作主语。又如： (1) If he likes to eat it, _________ him some more. A. give B. giving C. given D. to give (2) If anyone calls, _________ them I'm not at home.
A. tell B. telling C. told D. to tell (3) When your mother comes back, _________ her to come to school at once. A. ask B. asking C. asked D. to ask (4) While the baby is sleeping, _________ your work as soon as possible. A. finish B. finishing C. finished D. to finish 答案均选A，空格前分别为if, when, while 引导的状语从句，空格处填动词原形，构成祈使句，用作句子主语。
知识讲解 知识点1：不定式（短语）与从句的关系 1.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。 (1).To be able to help you is really an honor. (=That I’m able to help you) (2).He seemed to know the way. (=It seemed that he knew the way.) (3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea. (= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.)
2.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句(1).We still don’t know when and where to build a school.(宾语) (=when and where we should build a school) (2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补) (=that he should go and see) (3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(宾语) (=That he hadn’t invited her.)
3.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible. (=that they should leave) (2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding. (=that they can get a good understanding)
㈠状语从句 1. –Can I join your club, Dad? –You can when you ____ a bit older. A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got 2. –When will you come to see me, Dad? --I will go to see you when you ___ the training course A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish 3. I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he ___ home for dinner. A. come B. comes C. has come D. will come 4. –What would you do if it ___ tomorrow? –We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining 5. When first ___ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 6. Several weeks had gone by ___ I realized the painting was missing. A. as B. before C. since D. when 7. –Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?—He rushed out of the room ____ I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. after 8. ___ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. with B. since C. while D as 9. –Did Linda see the traffic accident? –No, no sooner ___ than it happened. A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone 10. It is almost five years ___ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. when 11. –Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? –Yes. I gave it to her __ I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once 12. There were dirty marks on her trousers ___ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that 3 ___everybody knows about it, I don’t want to talk any more. A. for B. even C. since D. however 14. ___ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as 15. A man cannot smile like a child, ____ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. A. so B. but C. and D. for 16. The WTO cannot live up to its name ___ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though 17. ___ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even though B. unless C. As long as D. While 18. ___ most of the earth’s surface is covered by water, fresh water is very rare and precious. A. As B. Once C. If D. Although 19. There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, ___ she was an only child. A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as 20. ___ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand. A. While B. Since C. As D. If 21. Why do you want a new job ___ you’ve got such a good one already? A. that B. where C. which D. when 22. You should try to get a good night’s sleep ___ much work you have to do. A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever 23. The old tower must be saved,___ the cost. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever 24. Roses need special care ___ they can live through winter. A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
高考写作一非谓语动词与从句的转换 知识讲解 知识点1：不定式（短语）与从句的关系 1.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。 (1).To be able to help you is really an honor. (=That I’m able to help you) (2).He seemed to know the way. (=It seemed that he knew the way.) (3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea. (= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.)
2.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句(1).We still don’t know when and where to build a school.(宾语) (=when and where we should build a school) (2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补) (=that he should go and see) (3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(宾语) (=That he hadn’t invited her.)
3.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible. (=that they should leave) (2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding. (=that they can get a good understanding)
非谓语动词作状语全解 不定式和分词作状语的用法 一、不定式作状语可以作: 1. 主要用作目的状语。常与 in order to do (为了或 so as to do(以便连用。 so as to 不用于居首。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。 He sat down to have a rest.他坐下来休息。 He went to France to learn French。他去法国学习法语。 They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。 They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路。 (停下来的目的 2.作结果状语。表示出乎意料的结果。做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:to find, to hear, to see, to be told, to form, to give, to make, to produce 等。 He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,发现火车已经开走了。 He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。 His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。 The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf. 这男孩个子不够高, 手伸不到书架。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。 He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
非谓语动词与从句之间的关系及转换 非谓语动词与从句间的相互关系及转换:英语中的非谓语动词是整个英语语法当中非常重要的部分，也是英语学习的一个难点。非谓语动词作句子成分时与相应的从句有着千丝万缕的联系，它们之间可以有条件的进行相互转换。 一、非谓语动词与从句的相互关系 (一)不定式和分词作定语相当于定语从句 不定式通常位于被修饰名词后。与该名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。如果不定式与所修饰名词在意思上是被动且逻辑上的主语不出现时，要用不定式的被动式，与所修饰名词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。分词作定语时，单个分词置于名词之前，分词短语置于名词之后，与名词构成主谓关系或被动主谓关系。定语从句和不定式、分词作定语只是两种不同的表达方式，本质是相同的。 例如：I have many letters to type．(动宾关系) →I have many letters which I should type． I have many letters to be typed．(被动主谓关系) →I have many letters which are to be typed by others． The standing people shouted at the dean．(主谓关系) (二)不定式和分词作状语相当于状语从句 1．不定式多作目的状语和结果状语．故可以转化为相应的目的状语从句和结果状语从句。 例如：Mother got up early to catch the early bus．(目的状语） →Mother got up early 80 as to (in order to) catch the early bus． →Mother got up early 80 that (in order that) she might catch the early bus． 【注意】80 as to和80 that不可放在句首。 She is too young to join the army．(结果状语) She is 80 young that she cannot join the army． 2．分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式和让步等，相当于相应状语的从句。如果分词的逻辑主语与主句主语一致，则用现在分词；如果分词的逻辑主语与主句是被动关系且主语一致时，则用过去分词。分词作状语时，如果其带有逻辑的主语，称为分词的独立主格结构。分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语无语法联系。 例如：Seeing those pictures．he couldn't help thinking of the unforgettable days in New York．(时间状语) →When he saw those pictures．he couldn’t help thinking of the unforgettable days in New Y0rk．
非谓语动词作定语 一：如何轻松精准的做此类题呢只需把握住两点： 一先看非谓语动词与其逻辑主语（即定语的先行词）之间的关系，主动与被动 二看非谓语动词与谓动的时间关系1与谓动同时发生2在谓动之前3在将来发生 二：做题步骤：先搞清非谓语动词与先行词之间的逻辑关系 1如果是主动关系，再看时间，与谓动同时发生用doing 将来发生用to do 2如果是被动再看时间，与谓语动词同时发生用being done 在谓动之前用done 表将来用to be done 一． 用不定式做定语的几种情况： （1）不定式表将来。如： The car to be bought is for his sister. （2）用来修饰被序数词、最高级或 no, all, any 等限定的中心词。如： He is the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. （3）用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有： ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等 Do you have the ability to read and write in English? I have no chance to go sightseeing. 二．分词作定语 doing 主动 进行 being done 被动 进行 done 被动 完成 The houses being built are for the teachers. Things lost never come again. I have never seen a more moving movie. 三、to be done , done, being done 做定语的区别 三者的语态同为被动语态，区别主要集中在时态上 Have you read the novel witten by Dickens? Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students. The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one. （一）、-ing 形式作定语 -ing 形式在句中做定语时有两种情况。 1. -ing 形式和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系,表示这个名词(人或物)的动作或状态,相当于一个定语从句。如: These dancing girls are from my class. At 11 o ’clock ， please find the waiting bus at the entrance. We should show respect for the working people 逻辑关系 时间 主动 被动 与谓语同时发生 doing （正在做） being done （正在被做） 在谓动之前 Done （被） 将来 to do （将要做） to be done （将要被做）
非谓语动词和从句 1.非谓语动词 谓语（狭义）：主要指动词，关于主语的情况，可表示动作，也可以表示状态，受主语的人称和数的限制。 Time flies. She doesn’t like the idea. You shouldn’t look down upon this kind of work. 非谓语动词：在句中不能单独作谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。它不受主语的人称和数的限制，但有语态（主动与被动）和时态（一般式；完成式；进行式）的变化；否定式一般将not 直接放在非谓语动词之前。 1.1动词不定式 肯定形式： A 主动语态 B 被动语态 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式 否定形式：not/never to do 1.1.1不定式有两种，即带to的不定式和不带to的不定式。 I’ve come to seek your advice. What you said made me think. 大多数情况下，不定式都带to, 但在特殊情况下，动词不定式的to要省略。 1.1.2动词不定式的用法： 主语（it作形式主语）： To cheat in exams is punishable. 注意：此时，动词不定式常常放在句子后面，而用it 作形式主语。 It is punishable to cheat in exams. 宾语：动词宾语：I hope to be back in a couple of days. 介词宾语：They desire nothing but to go home. 宾补：I want him to be my assistant. I ordered him not to enter this room without permission. 表语：His wish was to be a skillful worker. 定语：Do you have anything to say? 状语：I was delighted to receive your letters. （原因） We started early to avoid being late. (目的)
非谓语动词相关从句 非谓语动词概述： 非谓语动词与名词性从句 非谓语动词与定语从句 非谓语动词与状语从句 There are some people insisting that they shouldn’t learn English. 非谓语动词概述：动名词Ving；现在分词Ving; 过去分词ved; to do不定式 分词短语从本质上而言：是由动词派生而来的形容词。如，a sleeping baby, a used car, a frightening experience, a frightened child, etc. A baby who is sleeping. A car which is used ving形式由动词的主动形式派生而来；表示主动的动作或正在进行的动作 Ved形式由动词的被动形式派生而来：表示被动的动作或已完成的动作 The fallen leaves The falling leaves The custom fascinates me.
The fascinating custom has been the subject of many books. The baby will sleep until eight. Try not to wake a sleeping baby. Some movies are rated X. Children shouldn’t see X-rated movies. My leg was broken in three places. My broken leg is healing slowly. The sinking ship= the ship that was sinking The sunken ship=the ship that has sunken. Falling leaves= Fallen leaves= 现在分词的完成时态：表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前。Having done The students had solved most of the problems without any help. Having solved most of the problems without any help, the students were exhilarated. After they have solved most of the problems without…………………………..