《大学英语（二）》第一阶段测试题
一、交际英语
1、May I use your dictionary?____________.
A：Yes, here you are B：No, you won't C：Never mind D：Sorry here it is
2、Would you mind if I use your car? Of course not. _____________.
A：I'm sorry I can't B：I'm afraid not C：It's over there D：I have no car
3、-This is Mr. Green and this is Mr. Brown.-_____________.
A：How do you do B：How are you C：Fine, thank you D：Hi, how are you getting on
4、How do you like the story?____________.
A：I'd like to read it B：I like it very much C：fine, thank you D：It's very interesting
5、Happy New Year to you.____________.
A：The same to you B：Yes, I'm happy C：What about you D：Very well, thanks
二、阅读理解
1、A young man who lived in London was in love with a beautiful girl. Soon she became his fiancée （未婚妻）. The man was very poor while the girl was rich. The young man wanted to make her a present on her birthday. He wanted to buy something beautiful for her, but he had no idea how to do it, as he had very little money. The next morning he went to a shop. There were many fine things there: gold watches, diamond… but all these things were too expensive. There was one thing he could not take his eyes off. It was a beautiful vase. That was a suitable present for his fiancée. He had been looking at the vase for half an hour when the manager of the shop noticed him. The young man looked so pale, sad and unhappy that the manager asked what had happened to him.
The young man told him everything. The manager felt sorry for him and decided to help him. A bright idea struck him. The manager pointed to the corner of the shop. To his great surprise the young man saw a vase broken into many pieces. The manager said: "When the servant enters the room, he will drop it."
On the birthday of his fiancée the young man was very excited.
Everything happened as had been planned. The servant brought in the vase, and as he entered the room, he dropped it. There was horror on everybody's face. When the box was opened, the guests saw that each piece was packed separately.
(1)、The story took place in the United States.
A：T B：F
(2)、The young man's family was poor while the beautiful girl is rich, according to the passage.
A：T B：F
(3)、The young man wanted to buy a present as a Christmas gift for the girl.
A：T B：F
(4)、The shop manager came to talk to the young man, because he was poorly dressed.
A：T B：F
(5)、On the birthday of his fiancée, the young man was excited because the girl was in love with him.
A：T B：F
2、A pretty, well-dressed young lady stopped a taxi in a big square, and said to the driver, "Do you see that young man at the other side of the square?"
"Yes," said the taxi driver. The young man was standing outside a restaurant and looking impatiently at his watch every few seconds.
"Take me over there," said the young lady.
There were a lot of cars and buses in the square, so the taxi driver asked, "Are you afraid to cross the street?""Oh, no!" said the young lady. "But I promised that I would meet the young man for lunch at one o' clock, and it is now a quarter to two. If I arrive in a taxi, it will at least seem as if I had tried not to be late."
(6)、The story doesn't tell us how the young woman got to the square.
A：T B：F
(7)、The lady stopped the taxi because she was afraid of walking across the street.
A：T B：F
(8)、The young man at the other side of the square had probably been waiting for a long time.
A：T B：F
(9)、The young lady was clever at making excuse.
A：T B：F
(10)、The young lady was just pretending that she had tried.
A：T B：F
3. Antique dealers have an "in" joke. If two of them come to a desert island, they say, at the end of the year both will claim they have made a million. It's a story which sums up "the trade". Objects, some precious, some whose only value is the old age, pass from hand to hand in search of home.
Buying an antique is always an event. Collectors, bitten by the bug, develop a selective photographic memory. Point to any cherished object they own and they can tell you when they bought it, where, form whom and for how much. They may even remember what they ate for lunch that day and whether it rained.
Britain is the world's biggest antique treasure store. Across the country, any day of the week, there may be several dozen auctions taking place. Even a small town will boast a couple of shops. In historic centres like Bath, the numbers may run into hundreds, not counting the stall holders packing specialists markets there, like Guinea Lane.
In theory, the public's best chance of coming out ahead is in the sale rooms. They may be very famous, such as Sotheby's, Christies or Phillip's or lively provincial firms like Hobbs and Bath. Bidding is rapid and the auctioneer will try and process as many as 140 lots an hour. Given the pressure and the tensions, it's more than sensible to view the items to be sold in advance, either the previous day or before the sale begins. Then is the time to decide how far you are prepared to go and not to decide in the heat of battle.
11. The joke is told to ____.
A) reveal the nature of the trade of auction B) play a trick on the antique dealers
C) show that antique dealers often act against the law D) show that antique dealers can find antique anywhere
12. It is NOT mentioned that antique collectors will remember ____.
A) the money they spent on a favorite collection item B) from whom they bought the item
C) the weather of the day the deal was made D) the history of the item
13. The numbers" in the third paragraph refers to the numbers of ____.
A) auction every day B) antique dealers C) antique shops D) antique collectors
14. To make a right decision, it is suggested ____ .
A) to have a look at the items to be sold before the auction B) not to hesitate to bid at the auction C) to relax oneself the day before the sale begins D) to arrive on time and choose a good seat
15. The atmosphere in sales room is ____.
A) fast-paced B) casual C) harmonious D) agreeable
三、词汇与语法
1、______ did he know what had happened during the two months when he was away.
A：A little B：Little C：A few D：Few
2、Standing under a big tree to _______ getting wet in a rain is not a good choice. This is especially true when it is the thunderstorm reason.
A：avoid B：keep C：stop D：drop
3、While ________ for the bus at the bus station, I met an old friend of mine whom I haven't seen for 10 years.
A：being waited B：waiting C：having waited D：waited
4、She has been working hard day and night during these years _______ she could pay for the lost necklace.
A：in order that B：as long as C：the moment D：because
5、When the girls saw the funny man, they couldn't ____ laughing.
A：keep from B：keep on C：keep away D：keep at
四、完型填空
1、Memory is very important in our life. A good memory is a great help for learning a language. Everybody learns ___1___ own language by keeping in mind what he hears when he is a small child. Some children like those who ___2___ abroad with their ___3___, seem to learn two languages easily as they do one. In school, it's not easy for pupils ___4__ a second language because they have very ___5___ time for it. Memory is like a diary that we keep every day.
(1)、A：live B：little C：parents D：his E：to learn
(2)、A：live B：little C：parents D：his E：to learn
(3)、A：live B：little C：parents D：his E：to learn
(4)、A：live B：little C：parents D：his E：to learn
(5)、A：live B：little C：parents D：his E：to learn
五、英译汉
1、Not all Americans are interested in sports, of course.
2、I think the picture shows us how fruit is necessary to life.
3、Jenny is fond of reading and often borrows books from the city library.
六、写作
Instructions:建议你在30分钟内，根据下面所给的题目和提纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文。
1.从事体育运动有哪些好处；
2.你常做的体育运动。
Physical Exercise
《大学英语（二）》第二阶段测试题
一、交际英语
1、- What's the matter with you?- _________
A：It doesn't matter. B：Not too bad. C：I don't feel well. D：That's all right.
2、- What do you think of your new teacher?- _________
A：He came to teach us last week. B：He teaches us English. C：He has two children.
D：He is very nice.
3、- Have you been to Paris?- _________
A：No, I didn't go there last year. B：No, but I hope to go there sometime next year.
C：Paris is a nice place to visit. D：No, it was a long time ago.
4、- How did Tom learn Arabic?- _________
A：In the morning. B：Very well. C：In the library. D：By taking a course.
5、- Thanks for inviting me, John, but I've already made other plans. - _________. Maybe another time. A：I hope you enjoy it B：That's good C：Oh! I'm sorry to hear that D：Great! I really had a good time
6、Where is Kate?- _____________________
A：She's in England. B：She's from London. C：She's a nurse in England. D：She is English.
7、- Hey, Tom, what's up?- __________
A：Yes, definitely! B：Oh, not much. C：What is happening in your life? D：You are lucky.
8、How much is that meat, please?- _____________________
A：Ten o'clock. B：Ten yuan a kilo. C：I like it very much. D：I don't like.
9、-How soon will your father fly to New York?-_____________________
A：At 7.00 am. B：Last week. C：In three days. D：Twice a year.
10、- How do I get to the cinema?- _________
A：It's very far. B：Yes, there is a cinema near here. C：It's well known. D：Go down this street and
turn left.
二、阅读理解
1、A man got into a train and found himself sitting opposite a woman who seemed to be about thirty-five years old. Soon they began talking to each other, and the man said to her, "Do you have a family?"
"Yes, I have one son," the woman answered.
"Oh, really?" said the man. "Does he smoke?"
"No, he's never touched a cigarette," the woman replied.
"That's good," the man continued. "I don't smoke either. Tobacco is very bad to one's health. And does your son drink wine?"
"Oh, no," the woman answered at once. "He's never drunk a drop of it."
"Then I congratulate you, ma'am," the man said. "And does he ever come home late at night?"
"No, never," his neighbor answered. "He goes to bed immediately after dinner every night."
"Well," the man said, "he's a wise young man. How old is he?"
"He's six months old today. But he will grow up to be a gentleman," the woman replied proudly. (1)、The man and the woman are talking about the woman's son.
A：T B：F
(2)、The woman thinks her son will be a gentleman.
A：T B：F
(3)、The conversation took place on a train.
A：T B：F
(4)、The word "disappointed" probably best describes the man's feeling at the end of the conversation. A：T B：F
(5)、The woman is so proud of her son that she does not really understand what the man's questions mean. A：T B：F
2、Mr. Young ran his own business and worked very hard. His wife was afraid that he would get sick if he continued like that, so she often tried to get him to take a vacation. At last she managed to persuade him to do so, and she hoped that he would be able to enjoy his vacation without any disturbance, so before they left, Mrs. Young went to see her husband's secretary. She said to her, "My husband needs a vacation very
much, so whatever happens, please don't bother him with telegrams and letters about business problems while we are away. Just wait till we get back."
After Mr. and Mrs. Young had been away about a week, Mr. Young received a letter from his secretary which said, "Something terrible happened to your business, but I'm not going to bother you with it while you are enjoying your vacation."
(6)、Mr. Young was the owner of a private business.
A：T B：F
(7)、Mrs. Young worried about her husband's business.
A：T B：F
(8)、Mrs. Young was afraid that her husband's vacation might be spoilt.
A：T B：F
(9)、The secretary didn't explain in her letter what had happened to Mr.Young's business, because she didn't want to spoil Mr. Young's vacation.
A：T B：F
(10)、You can learn from the story that Mr. Young had a stupid secretary.
A：T B：F
3、By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage, achievements, and self-sacrifice made most for the benefits of others - they are people against whom we measure others. They are men and women recognized for shaping our nation's consciousness and development as well as the lives of those who admire them. Yet, some people say that ours is an age where true heroes and heroines are hard to come by, where the very idea of heroism is something beyond us - an artifact of the past. Some maintain, that because the Cold War is over and because America is at peace, our age is essentially an unheroic one. Furthermore, the overall crime rate is down, poverty has been eased by a strong and growing economy, and advances continue to be made in medical science.
Cultural icons are hard to define, but we know them when we see them. They are people who manage to go beyond celebrity (明星), who are legendary, who somehow mange to become mythic. But what makes some figures icons and others mere celebrities? That's hard to answer. In part, their lives have the quality of a story to tell. For instance, the beautiful young Diana Spencer who at 19 married a prince, renounced marriage and the throne, and died at the moment she found true love. Good looks certainly help. So does a special indefinable charm, with the help of the media. But nothing confirms an icon more than a tragic death - such as Martin Luther King, Jr., John F. Kennedy, and Princess Diana.
(11)、The passage mainly deals with ______.
A：life and death B：heroes and heroines C：heroes and icons D：icons and celebrities
(12)、Heroes and heroines are usually _________.
A：courageous B：exemplary C：self-sacrificing D：all of the above
(13)、Which of the following statements is wrong? _________
A：Poverty in America has been eased with the economic growth. B：Superstars are famous for being famous. C：One's look can contribute to being famous. D：Heroes and heroines can only emerge in war times.
(14)、Beautiful young Diana Spencer found her genuine love________.
A：when she was 19 B：when she became a princess C：just before her death D：after she gave birth to a prince
(15)、What is more likely to set an icon's status? ________
A：Good looks. B：Tragic and early death. C：Personal attraction. D：The quality of one's story.
三、词汇与语法
1、Never get off the bus ______it has stopped.
A：if B：as soon as C：until D：or
2、Put it down, Richard. You mustn't read ______letter.
A：anyone's else's B：anyone's else C：anyone else's D：anyone else
3、Three-fourths of the homework ______today.
A：has finished B：has been finished C：have finished D：have been finished
4、If she wants to stay thin, she must make a _____ in her diet.
A：change B：turn C：run D：go
5、- It's a good idea. But who's going to_________ the plan?- I think John and Peter will.
A：carry out B：get through C：take in D：set aside
四、完型填空
1、Modern zoos are very different from zoos that were built fifty years ago. At that time, zoos were places 1 people could go to see animals from many parts of the world. The animals lived in cages that were made 2 concrete with iron bars, cages that were easy to keep clean.
Unfortunately for the animals, the cages were small and impossible to hide in. The zoo environment was anything but natural. 3 the zoo keepers took good care of the animals and fed them well, many of the animals did not thrive; they behaved in strange ways, and they often became ill.
In modern zoos, people can see animals in more natural habitats. The animals are given more 4
in large areas so that they can live more comfortably as they would in nature. Even the appearance of zoos has changed. Trees and grass grow in the cages, and streams of water flow 5 the areas that animals live in.
(1)、A：of B：Although C：where D：over E：freedom
(2)、A：of B：Although C：where D：over E：freedom
(3)、A：of B：Although C：where D：over E：freedom
(4)、A：of B：Although C：where D：over E：freedom
(5)、A：of B：Although C：where D：over E：freedom
五、英译汉
1、Traveling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages.
2、I think she will change her mind tomorrow.
3、I read the local newspapers with great interest every evening.
六、作文
Instructions:建议你在30分钟内，根据下面所给的题目和提纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文。
1、你最喜欢哪本书；
2、你喜欢的理由。
The Book I Like Best
《大学英语（二）》第三阶段测试题
一、交际英语
1、- Thank you ever so much for your lovely gift.- _________
A：Never mind B：I'm glad you like it. C：Please don't say so. D：No, It's not so good.
2、- Good morning, may I speak to Mark, please?- _________
A：Who's there? B：Who's speaking? C：Who are you? D：Who wants to speak to Mark?
3、- Let me introduce myself. I'm steward．- _________
A：What a pleasure. B：Pleased to meet you. C：I don't know. D：Thanks a lot.
4、- I have an appointment with Dr. Edward.- _________
A：Please wait for a minute. B：Are you sick? C：Tell me about your appointment.
D：Dr. Edward didn't tell me.
5、- Have a nice holiday!- _________
A：You have it too. B：You do too. C：The same as you. D：The same to you.
6、- Great party, isn't it?- _________
A：Yeah, really. B：My friends are great. C：Have we met before? D：Glad to meet you again.
7、- Come and see me if you have time.- _________
A：I can't. B：I'll think it over. C：Thank you. D：I will.
8、- She is running a fever, but now it is under control.- _________
A：She is running fast. B：I will go and see her after work. C：Her mother does not run.
D：She is running away from home.
9、- I'd like to book a room, please.- _________
A：Single or double? B：Good or bad? C：Which room? D：We don't have books here.
10、- What do you think of the new mobile phone model?- _________
A：It goes very fast. B：It travels very fast. C：It is very expensive. D：It walks very slowly. 二、阅读理解
1、There was once an ant that was very thirsty.
It ran here and there looking for some water but could not find any.
Then suddenly, when the ant was almost ready to die of thirst, a large drop of water fell on it.
The ant drank the water, which saved its life.
The water was actually a tear from a young girl who was crying. Because of her sadness, the tear had magical qualities and suddenly the ant could speak the language of human beings.
The ant looked up and saw the young girl sitting in front of a huge pile of seeds.
"Why are you sad?" asked the ant.
"I'm the prisoner of a giant." the girl told the ant. "He won't let me go until I've made three separate heaps of grain, barley（大麦）and rye（黑麦）out of this huge pile of seeds in which they are all mixed together."
"That will take you a month!" the ant said, looking at the huge pile of seeds.
"I know," the girl cried, "and if I haven't finished by tomorrow, the giant will eat me for his supper!"
"Don't cry," the ant said, "my friends and I will help you."
Soon thousands of ants were at work, separating the three kinds of seeds.
The next morning, when the giant saw that the work had been done, he let the girl go.
Thus it was one of her tears that saved her life.
(1)、The ant was playing when it ran here and there.
A：T B：F
(2)、The drop of water fell on the ant when it was nearly dying.
A：T B：F
(3)、The young girl was crying because she wanted to have supper.
A：T B：F
(4)、The giant would eat the girl if she failed to do the work.
A：T B：F
(5)、The ant's friends saved the girl's life.
A：T B：F
2、If you travel by air across the center of Africa or South America, you fly over forests for thousands of kilometers. These great forests are the oceans of trees. There are thousands and thousands of different kinds of plants and animals.
However, the world's forests are getting smaller all the time. We are cutting down the trees because we need wood, and we need more farmland. Some people say that there will not be any forests like these in 20 or 30 years. What will happen if they disappear?
If we cut down our forests, a lot of plants and animals will disappear from the world. In a lot of places the new farmland will soon look like the old deserts. Crops will not grow there. It will not rain very often, and the weather will get very hot. Perhaps the climate of the world will change. This will be dangerous for everyone in the world. That is why we must take care of our forests.
(6)、The passage mainly tells us about the importance of taking care of plants.
A：T B：F
(7)、Forests are homes for different kinds of animals.
A：T B：F
(8)、The need for more wood and more land help to protect our forests.
A：T B：F
(9)、We'll have more and greater forestsn in 20 or 30 years in some people's view.
A：T B：F
(10)、The writer thinks it necessary to protect the forests.
A：T B：F
3、How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thought and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to present those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words.
The power of words, then, lies in their associations - the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something increases.
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.
(11)、The origin of language is _________.
A：a legend handed down from the past B：a matter that is hidden or secret
C：a question difficult to answer D：a problem not yet solved
(12)、What is true about words? _______
A：They are used to express feelings only. B：They can not be written down.
C：They are simply sounds. D：They are mysterious.
(13)、The real power of words consists in their ______.
A：properties B：characteristics C：peculiarity D：representative function
(14)、By "association" in the last paragraph, the author means ______.
A：a special quality B：a joining of ideas in the mind C：an appearance which is puzzling
D：a strange feature
(15)、Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true? _________
A：He is no more than a master of words. B：He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music. C：
He can move men to tears. D：His style is always charming.
三、词汇与语法
1、You shouldn't _______ your time like that, Bob; you have to finish your school work tonight.
A：cut B：do C：kill D：kick
2、No matter _____ , the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive them back home safely.
A：it was snowing hard B：hard it was snowing C：how it was snowing hard D：how hard it was
snowing
3、The computer system suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.
A：broke down B：broke out C：broke up D：broke in
4、Therefore, other things ____ equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases.
A：is B：are C：being D：having
5、Tom was watching TV when someone______.
A：comes B：come C：came D：has come
四、完型填空
1、The world is not only hungry; it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth's surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is seawater, 1
salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% of the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other 2 .
And we can't even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers. Even worse, some of it has been polluted.
However, as things stand today, this small amount of fresh water,which is constantly being replaced by rainfall, is still enough for us. But our need 3 water is increasing rapidly - almost day by day. We all have to learn how to stop wasting our previous water. One of the first steps we should 4 is to develop ways of reusing it.
Experiments have already been done in this 5 , but only on a small scale. The systems that have been worked out resemble those used in spacecraft.
(1)、A：take B：or C：sources D：for E：case
(2)、A：take B：or C：sources D：for E：case
(3)、A：take B：or C：sources D：for E：case
(4)、A：take B：or C：sources D：for E：case
(5)、A：take B：or C：sources D：for E：case
五、英译汉
1、He is in the world a famous pop star.
2、In the world, the soccer football is the most popular sport.
3、Give me your advice.
六、作文
Instructions:建议你在30分钟内，根据下面所给的题目和提纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文。
1.自学的优点；
2.自学中遇到的主要困难。
Self-study
16上半年英语二答案
第一阶段
一、交际用语1、A 2、C 3、A 4、D 5、A
二、阅读理解第一篇BABBB 第二篇ABAAA 第三篇ADAAA
三、词汇与语法1、B 2、A 3、B 4、A 5、A
四、完型填空1、D 2、A 3、C 4、E 5、B
五、英译汉1、当然，不是所有美国人都对运动感兴趣。2、我认为这幅图画是告诉我们水果对生活不可
缺少的。
3、珍妮喜欢读书，经常去市图书馆借回来许多书。
六、作文(以下两篇任选一篇即可)
My favorite sport is baseball. For many years, it has already been part of my life.I began to play baseball in my childhood. I still remember the good old days when I played baseball with my classmates after school. Later on, as I grew up, almost everything changed, but this sport—playing baseball remained and my love of it grew even stronger.
I love this sport because it brings joy and health to my life. When I feel tired from office work, I go to play baseball with some friends and feel refreshed. If there are worries and pains from daily life, I go to the sports ground. There all the troubles are gone, with only baseball left. It is baseball that keeps me in good shape and mood.
或者（上下两篇选一篇即可）
Everyone has their own favorite sport, so do I. My favorite sport is basketball. I often play football with my friends in the school. I made friends with many people who like to play basketball. Sometimes I also play it myself. I began playing basketball when I was 9 years old. I like to play basketball because it is exciting and challenging. Playing basketball also makes you healthy and strong. I don't wish to become a professional basketball player. But it can be a good hobby.
第二阶段
一、交际用语1、C 2、D 3、B 4、D 5、C 6、A 7、B 8、B 9、C 10、D
二、阅读理解1-5 AAABA 6-10 ABAAA 11-15CDDCB
三、词汇与语法1、C 2、C 3、B 4、A 5、A
四、完型填空1、C 2、A 3、B 4、E 5、D
五、英译汉 1 乘火车旅行比乘飞机慢，但也有它自己的优点。 2 我认为她明天会改变她的想法的。
3 我每天晚上都饶有兴趣地读当地的报纸。
六、作文(以下两篇任选一篇即可)
The book I like best is "The Little Prince" because I think I have benefite a lot from reading it. I believe all of you must have heard something about this, right? It was in my primary school that I began to read it. My parents bought me the book as a birthday present. but later I abandoned until last year.I bought a new one.
或者（上下两篇选一篇即可）
My favorite book is “Dream of The Red Chamber”. The book tries to tell us that there are different kinds of love, only one kind which should be considered as True Love. In our life, we should marry the true love instead of wealth and good looking. From this book, we also g et to know a part of the noble people’s life in Qing Dynasty and find some
life philosophies from it. So this book is very instructive to people. We should learn more from this book as well as other books.
第三阶段
一、交际用语1、B 2、B 3、B 4、A 5、D 6、A 7、D 8、B 9、A 10、C
二、阅读理解第一篇BABAA 第二篇AABBA 第三篇DCDBA
三、词汇与语法1、C 2、D 3、A 4、C 5、C
四、完型填空1、B 2、C 3、D 4、A 5、E
五、英译汉 1 他是全世界着名的流行歌手。 2 在全世界，足球是最流行的体育运动。
3 给我你的建议。
六、作文
Self-study is a good way of improving our knowledge of things. Some of the great scientists and lecturer couldn't afford to go to school so they just studied at home without anybody's help. Sometimes self-study could be more affective then going to schools and listen to teachers telling you what to do, but sometimes it will be better to learn in schools to furtherly knowing whats going on
铜仁职业技术学院考试试题卷 课程名称：《病理学》临床医学试卷类型： C卷 学年度第学期考试方式：笔试系别：医学系班级： 学号：姓名： ........................................................... ...... .................................................................. 注意事项：1、答案一律做在答题卷上。 2、请写上系别、班级、学号和姓名。 —、A1型(每题1分，共50分) 1.关于肥大，错误的说法是( ) A．高血压病的左心室 B．脑积水 C．激素的作用前列腺增大 D．健美运动员的骨骼肌 E．一侧肾切除后对侧肾的增大 2.授乳期的乳腺增大属于( ) A．肥大 B．增生 C．再生 D．化生 E．机化 3.下列哪种情况属于液化性坏死( ) A．心肌梗死 B．脑梗死 C．肠梗死 D．淋巴结干酪样坏死 E．脓肿4.肠扭转引起的坏死，称为( ) A．凝固性坏死 B．液化性坏死 C．气性坏疽 D．干性坏疽 E．湿性坏疽5.混合血栓可见于( ) A．静脉内柱状血栓的尾部 B．毛细血管内 C．急性风湿性心内膜炎的瓣膜闭锁缘 D．动脉血栓的头部 E．静脉内延续血栓的体部 6.股静脉内血栓形成可引起( ) A．肺动脉栓塞 B．下肢坏疽 C．脑动脉栓塞 D．门静脉栓塞 E．肠系膜动脉栓塞 7.属于炎症性增生的病变是( ) A．风湿性动脉炎血管壁粘液变性 B．风湿性关节炎关节肿胀 C．风湿性心肌炎时风湿小结形成 D．风湿性心内膜炎疣状赘生物形成 E．风湿性心外膜炎纤维素渗出 8.急性重型肝炎引起肝功能衰竭是由于( ) A．肝出血 B．肝充血 C．肝内炎细胞浸润 D．肝细胞弥漫性大片坏死 E．小胆管增生 9.流行性乙型脑炎患者病愈后智力低下是由于( ) A．脑内炎细胞浸润 B．脑神经细胞坏死 C．脑内血管扩张 D．脑内胶质细胞增生 E．脑水肿 10.金黄色葡萄球菌感染常引起( ) A．蜂窝织炎 B．脓肿 C．出血性炎 D．浆液性炎 E．纤维素性炎
《病理学》作业1、2、3、４参考答案 第1-3章 １、举例说明病因与条件在疾病发生发展中得作用。 答：病因在疾病发生中得作用就是:（１)引起疾病:没有致病因素就会发生疾病。例如,没有白喉杆菌就不会引起白喉；（2)决定疾病得特异性：例如,白喉杆菌决定所患疾病就是白喉,而不就是结核病或乙型脑炎。条件就是在病因存在得前提下，促进疾病发生发展得因素。例如，结核病得病因就是结核杆菌，但多在营养不良得情况下发生,所以营养不良就是结核病得条件。 2、简述脑死亡得判断标准及认识脑死亡得意义。 答：脑死亡得判断标准就是：（１)不可逆得深昏迷,对外界刺激毫无反应;（２)自主呼吸停止;(3)颅神经反射消失；(4）瞳孔散大固定;(５）脑电波消失;（6)脑血流停止。 认识脑死亡得意义:（１）充分利用死体材料,作为器官移植得供体;(2）节省人力物力;（3)伦理得许可,对死者得尊重. 3、试分析肺动脉栓塞得途径及后果。 答:肺动脉栓塞得后果取决于栓子得数量及栓子得大小：（1)栓子大多来自下肢深静脉，栓子较大,栓塞于肺动脉主干，引起猝死；猝死机制：引起急性呼吸循环衰竭；(2)栓子较小、数量少,栓塞少数肺动脉小分支，不会引起严重后果；因为肺组织有肺动脉与支气管动脉双重血供;(3）栓子小,但数量多,栓塞与多数肺动脉分支，引起急性呼吸循环衰竭,严重者猝死;因为栓塞与多数分支引起肺循环阻力增大,引起支气管动脉痉挛，迷走神经兴奋，引起支气管痉挛,增加呼吸阻力. 4、试分析血栓形成得条件及对机体得影响。 答：血栓形成得条件：（１)心血管内膜得损伤，从多方面启动凝血系统：①内膜损伤→内皮下胶原暴露，激活Ⅻ因子，启动内源性凝血系统;②内膜损伤→释放组织Ⅲ因子，启动外源性凝血系统；③内膜损伤→内皮下胶原暴露,血小板易于粘附集聚,释放血小板因子；(2）血流缓慢及涡流形成:正常血流分层流，血小
高考数学模拟试题 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分.满分150分.考试用时120分钟. 参考公式： 如果事件A 、B 互斥，那么P (A +B )=P (A )+P (B ). 如果事件A 、B 相互独立，那么P (A ·B )=P (A )·P (B ). 第Ⅰ卷 选择题(共60分) 一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，有且 只有一个是正确的. 1.复数2 1z i = -的值是 A .1i - B .1i + C .1i -+ D .1i -- A A B B A B ..∩中有个元素∩中有个元素31 C A B D A B ..∩中有个元素 ∪2=R 3． 向量a = (1,2)，b = (x ,1)，c = a + b ，d = a - b ，若c //d ，则实数x 的值等于( ). A ． 21 B ．21- C ．61 D ． 61 - 4.若11 0a b <<，则下列结论不正确．．．的是 （ ） 22A.a b < 2B .a b b < C .a b a b +>+ b a D.2a b + > （ ） A. 相切 B. 相交 C. 相切或相离 D. 相交或相切 () A B ..ππππ2322，，?? ? ?? () C D ..325223ππππ，，?? ?? ? ( ) 设 ，则直线 与圆 的位置关系为 0 2 1 0 2 2 m x y m x y m > + + + = + = { } { } 设集合 ，集合 ，则（ ） 2 2 2 A x y y x B x y y x = = = = ( , )| sin ( , )| 函数 在下面哪个区间内是增 函数（ ） 6 y x x x = + sin cos 已知 ，则方程 与 在同一坐标系下的 7 0 1 0 2 2 2 mn mx ny mx ny ≠ + = + = 5
三年级语文期末试卷 一、填空 1、《大青树下的小学》一文中先写同学们（）和（），再写（）和（），最后以自豪和赞美抒情。 2、为什么“雨一来，他们便放假了？” 3、于是，一群一群的花从无人知道的地方（）跑出来，在绿草上跳舞、狂欢。 4、“雷云拍着打手”表层意思和深层意思分别是什么？ 5、《不懂就要问》讲了一件什么事不？ 6、请说几个和人体器官有关的成语。 7、《古诗三首》背诵及其诗意 8、“金色巴掌”指的是什么？ 9、《秋天的雨》一文是按照哪三个方面写的？ 10、为什么说“小朋友的脚常被那香味勾住？” 11、秋天的雨，带给大地的是（），带给小朋友的是（）。 12、请说几个描绘春夏秋冬的四字词语。 13、《去年的树》一文一共有（）次对话，分别是：第一次鸟儿和（），第二次鸟儿和（），第三次鸟儿和（），第四次鸟儿和（）。 14、“切，做，运，卖”四个动词充分说明了什么？
15、《那一定会很好》一文中种子经历了怎样的历程？告诉我们什么道理? 16、为什么“手推车听到耳边的呼呼风声，真舒服？” 17、《去年的树》中：鸟儿睁大眼睛，盯着灯火看了一会，心想：（）。鸟儿睁大眼睛，盯着灯火又看了一会，心想：（）。 18、《在牛肚子里旅行》中，（）在（）的帮助下从牛肚里逃出来了，告诉我们道理（）。牛肚子里一共有（）个胃，前三个是（），只有第四个是（）。 19、“可是你说这些对我来说有什么用呢？”（换个说法） 20、《一块奶酪》讲了一件什么事？道理？你喜欢文中的蚂蚁队长吗？为什么？ 21、灯不拨（），理不辩（）。 （），无理寸步难行。 （），万古胜负在于理。 22、《总也倒不了的老屋》讲述了一间准备倒下的老屋，在（）、（）、（）的恳求下，直到现在也没有倒下去，赞美了老屋（）的品质。 23、( )在老屋里安心睡觉，虽然晚上有（）。 24、《胡萝卜先生的长胡子》一文中胡萝卜先生的长胡子被男孩（），被鸟太太（）。
病理学考试试题卷 注意事项：1、答案一律做在答题卷上。 2、请写上系别、班级、学号和姓名。 —、A1型(每题1分，共50分) 1.关于肥大，错误的说法是( ) A．高血压病的左心室B．脑积水C．激素的作用前列腺增大D．健美运动员的骨骼肌E．一侧肾切除后对侧肾的增大 2.授乳期的乳腺增大属于( ) A．肥大B．增生C．再生D．化生E．机化 3.下列哪种情况属于液化性坏死( ) A．心肌梗死B．脑梗死C．肠梗死D．淋巴结干酪样坏死E．脓肿4.肠扭转引起的坏死，称为( ) A．凝固性坏死B．液化性坏死C．气性坏疽D．干性坏疽E．湿性坏疽 5.混合血栓可见于( ) A．静脉内柱状血栓的尾部B．毛细血管内 C．急性风湿性心内膜炎的瓣膜闭锁缘 D．动脉血栓的头部E．静脉内延续血栓的体部 6.股静脉内血栓形成可引起( ) A．肺动脉栓塞B．下肢坏疽C．脑动脉栓塞 D．门静脉栓塞E．肠系膜动脉栓塞 7.属于炎症性增生的病变是( ) A．风湿性动脉炎血管壁粘液变性B．风湿性关节炎关节肿胀 C．风湿性心肌炎时风湿小结形成D．风湿性心内膜炎疣状赘生物形成E．风湿性心外膜炎纤维素渗出 8.急性重型肝炎引起肝功能衰竭是由于( ) A．肝出血B．肝充血C．肝内炎细胞浸润 D．肝细胞弥漫性大片坏死E．小胆管增生 9.流行性乙型脑炎患者病愈后智力低下是由于( ) A．脑内炎细胞浸润B．脑神经细胞坏死C．脑内血管扩张 D．脑内胶质细胞增生E．脑水肿 10.金黄色葡萄球菌感染常引起( )
A．蜂窝织炎B．脓肿C．出血性炎D．浆液性炎E．纤维素性炎11.不符合浆液性炎的描述是( ) A．多见于疏松组织、浆膜和粘膜 B.腔隙器官积脓C．在浆膜腔多形成积液 D．在粘膜多表现为“卡他性炎”E．渗出液中含有少量白细胞 12.恶性肿瘤最主要的特征是( ) A．核分裂像常见B．瘤细胞丰富C．侵袭性生长和转移 D．常见瘤巨细胞E．常继发变性、坏死 13.下列哪项是确定恶性肿瘤细胞的重要依据( ) A．肿瘤间质血管丰富B．瘤细胞大、核大C．多核 D．核仁大E．病理性核分裂像 14.关于肿瘤的描述，哪一项是错误的( ) A．恶性肿瘤多呈侵袭性生长B．肉瘤常经血道转移C．癌比肉瘤常见 D．凡称为“瘤”的都是良性肿瘤E．癌多发生于中、老年人 15.恶性肿瘤血道转移的确切依据是( ) A．瘤细胞侵入血管内B．瘤细胞侵人淋巴管内C．远隔器官内瘤细胞栓塞D．血液中发现肿瘤细胞E．远隔器官内形成与原发瘤同样组织类型的肿瘤16.肿瘤性增生与炎性增生的重要区别是( ) A．细胞增生活跃 B.可见核分裂像C.增生的细胞有异型性 D.生长速度快 E.常形成肿块 17.Aschoff细胞来源于( ) A.成纤维细胞 B.单核巨噬细胞 C.中性粒细胞 D.内皮细胞E．心肌细胞 18.下列不符合风湿性心内膜炎的是( ) A．可有风湿小体形成B．可形成瓣膜赘生物C．可出现纤维素样坏死D．可瓣膜纤维化E．赘生物可脱落引起栓塞 19.主动脉瓣关闭不全的描述中，哪一项是错误的( ) A．左心室肥大、扩张B．右心室肥大、扩张C．心绞痛D．脉压差增大，毛细血管搏动E．主动脉瓣区收缩期杂音 20.动脉粥样硬化合并血栓形成的最主要原因是( ) A．局部血液凝固性增高B．内膜受损胶原暴露C．局部血流缓慢D．血流旋涡形成E．以上都不是 21.透壁性心肌梗死后不可能发生的病变( ) A．室壁瘤B．急性心包炎C．心脏破裂D．二尖瓣关闭不全E．二尖瓣狭窄 22.下列哪一项最常引起慢性肺原性心脏病( ) A．支气管哮喘B．肺结核病C．支气管扩张症D．慢性支气管炎 E.大叶性肺炎时的肺肉质变
泌尿系统疾病习题及答案 一、 A 型题 1 。急性肾小球肾炎就是一种 A .化脓性炎Ｂ。以出血为主得炎 Ｃ.以变质为主得炎Ｄ .以渗出为主得炎Ｅ。以增生为主得炎 2 .关于肾小球肾炎得发病机制,目前认为主要就是 A .感染直接损伤Ｂ。过敏反应 Ｃ。体液免疫反应 D .自身免疫反应 E .细胞免疫反应 ３。急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎又称 Ａ .弥漫性毛细血管外增生性肾小球肾炎 B 。轻微病变性肾小球肾炎 C 、膜性肾小球肾炎 D .膜性增生性肾小球肾炎E。急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎 4 、肾小球肾炎中免疫荧光阳性物质主要就是 Ａ .抗原、补体 B 。抗原Ｃ、抗体 D .细菌、抗体、补体Ｅ、抗体、补体 ５ .膜性增生性肾小球肾炎得主要病变就是 Ａ .内皮细胞增生与系膜基质增多 B 、系膜细胞增生与基质增多 Ｃ。系膜硬化 D .肾小管内脂质沉积 E .单核细胞与中性粒细胞浸润 6 、新月体性肾小球肾炎得主要病变就是 Ａ .肾球囊脏层上皮细胞增生Ｂ .毛细血管壁纤维蛋白样坏死 Ｃ.单核细胞渗出于肾球囊内 D 、中性粒细胞渗出于肾球囊内 E .肾球囊壁层上皮细胞增生 7 。膜性增生性肾小球肾炎得主要病变特点就是 A .毛细血管基膜呈梳齿状改变 B .毛细血管内皮细胞与系膜细胞大量增生 Ｃ、系膜区增宽,常有嗜酸粒细胞浸润 D .银染色见毛细血管壁呈车轨状或分层状 E .电子致密物主要沉积在基膜致密层内 8 .膜性肾小球肾炎得病变特点就是 Ａ .肾小球毛细血管基膜增厚呈车轨状或分层状 B 。肾小球毛细血管基膜变薄、断裂 C 、肾小球毛细血管基膜增厚、滤过率降低 Ｄ。肾小球毛细血管基膜增厚、通透性增加 E 、肾小球毛细血管基膜变薄、断裂,通透性增加 9 。肾病综合征得主要表现包括 A 。高脂血症 B .严重水肿 C 。低蛋白血症 Ｄ、大量蛋白尿 E、以上都就是
2015~2017年新课标一卷化学试卷考点分析高考化学试卷机构以7+3+1的形式命题（即7个选择题共42分，3道必做大题共43分，选考题15分），选考题在2017年的高考中由以往的“三选一”更换成“二选一”。去掉了选修二的《化学与技术》这一类型的命题。 一、选择题（42分，每题6分） 题号2017年2016年2015年 7 化学与生活化学与生活无机物质的性质 8 物质分离方法阿伏伽德罗常数阿伏伽德罗常数 9 有机化学基础有机化学基础有机物的合成 10 化学实验综合实验操作实验操作及分析 11 电化学原理（外加电源 的阴极保护） 电解池原电池原理 12 元素周期表和周期律中和滴定元素周期表与元素周 期律 13 强碱滴定弱酸的滴定 曲线 元素周期表和周期 律 溶液的酸碱性 题号2017 2016 2015 26 （14分）蛋白质中氮的含量 测定 氨的制备与性质 有机物的分解产物探 究综合实验(草酸的 探究) 27 （15分）利用钛铁矿制备锂 离子电池 铬及其化合物 工艺流程型的物质的 制备(制备硼酸) 28 （14分）有关H 2 S的原理综 合 NaClO 2 的生产流程 关于碘元素的反应原 理综合题 选做题（15分）35 物质结构与性质 （选修3） 36 有机化学（选修5） 化学与技术（选修 2） 化学与技术（选修2）37 物质结构与性质 （选修3） 物质结构与性质（选 修3） 38 有机化学（选修5）有机化学（选修5）
题型题号考察内容涉及考点 选择题 7 化学与生活合成纤维，人造纤维，天然纤维的的差别 8 实验操作实验现象的分析、物质分离的方法 9 有机结构与性 质 有机物的同分异构种类、反应类型、性质及鉴 别、原子共面 10 实验分析 实验操作的可行性、合理性、安全事故处理方 法及反应装置的应用。 11 电化学原理电化学原理（外加电流的阴极保护法） 12 元素周期表、周 期律的应用 元素周期表、元素周期律的应用、原子半径大 小的比较、常见物质之间的反应 13 水溶液中电离 平衡 看图能力、电离常数的计算、溶液中离子浓度 的大小比较 必做题26 物质性质类实 验方案的设计 和评价 实验仪器的名称与作用、实验步骤、实验数据 的处理与计算、有关离子方程式的书写27 化学与技 术――化学工 艺流程 物质的制备、检验、分离、提纯等基本原理在 化工生产中实际应用，难溶物的转化、氧化还 原反应、离子反应方程式的书写 28 化学反应原理 的综合应用 物质酸碱性强弱的判断、热化学反应方程式的 书写、计算，化学反应平衡转化率及平衡常数 的计算、化学平衡的移动与平衡的影响因素 选做题35 物质结构 焰色反应、原子核外电子排布式、电子云的形 状、离子的空间构型、杂化轨道、熔点的比较、 晶胞的结构与计算 36 有机化学基础 有机物的命名、反应类型、结构简式与反应方 程式的书写、同分异构体与物质合成线路 题型题号考察内容涉及考点 选择题 7 化学与生活生活常识的考察、分析实际问题的能力 8 阿伏伽德罗常 数] 混合物质中原子数目的计算、化学反应中的阿 伏伽德罗常数的计算（反应物与生成物的量以 及电子转移量）、特殊物质在特殊条件下的状态 问题。 9 有机化学基础 有机化学反应类型、有机物命名、同分异构体 的书写以及有机物质的分类 10 实验操作实验的可行性、合理性 11 电解池电解原理 12 中和滴定 酸碱滴定过程中指示剂的选择、离子浓度大小 的比较、溶液酸碱性的判断 13 元素周期表和 周期律 元素周期表和元素周期律、元素及其化合物的 性质及相互转化
1、囿——是中国古代供帝王贵族进行狩猎、游乐的一种园林形式。有文字记载的最早的囿是周文王的灵囿。中国古代供帝王贵族进行狩猎、游乐的一种园林形式。通常在选定地域后划出范围，或筑界垣。囿中草木鸟兽自然滋生繁育。狩猎既是游乐活动，也是一种军事训练方式；囿中有自然景象，天然植被和鸟兽的活动，可以赏心悦目，得到美的享受。 囿:中国先秦时期的园林形式，常采用人工墙垣、篱笆等圈围山林，养育鸟兽花木，供帝王贵族狩猎、游乐观赏活动的园林，是中国园林的萌芽 2、隐逸：一种历史文化积淀，一种与仕宦相对应的概念和行为,是中国古代士人保持人格独立的一种处世方式 3、轩：建在高旷地带而环境幽静的小屋，园林中多作游人休息、观景的场所 4、舫：又称旱船、不系舟，是一种建于水边的船形建筑，前半部分多是三面临水，使人有虽在建筑中，却又犹如置身舟楫之感。 5、石像生：陵墓前安设的用玉、石等雕刻而成的人或动物的形象，主要用来显示墓主的身份等级地位，也有驱邪、镇墓的含义。 6、墓碑：初为引棺入墓穴的木柱，随埋土中，后为石碑，竖于墓道口，碑上多书刻文字，记死者事迹功勋，或标明死者身份、姓名，立碑人身份、姓名等 7、华表：又称桓表，一种圆柱形的标识性建筑物，常立于宫殿、宗庙、城垣、陵墓前，柱身常刻有花纹，柱顶有方石和立兽 8、意境——通过园林的形象所反映的情意，使游赏者触景生情，产生情景交融的一种艺术境界。9借景——就是将视线所及范围内的美景，组织到园内或景区内以丰富园林景色，扩大园林空间。 10、草堂——与别业义同，但相对别业，其规模较小，建筑较素。 11、别业——建置在郊野，供园主人休息或长期居住的地方，相对草堂，其规模较大，建筑华丽。 12、苑——秦汉以来在囿的基础上发展起来的、建有宫室和别墅，供帝王居住、游乐、宴饮的一种园林类型。又称宫苑。 13、台——利用地形或在地面上垒土、筑石成台形，顶部平整，一般在台上建筑屋宇房舍或仅有围栏，供游人登高览胜的构筑物。 14台榭—在城内夯筑高数米至十几米的土台若干座，上建造殿堂屋宇。可作观景、天文台等之用。15驰道—是秦代交通幹線，在秦代道路系統中佔有重要地位。秦朝时期专供帝王行驶车马的道路。 16、阙——宫殿、祠庙和陵墓前的建筑物，通常左右各一，建成高台，台上起楼观，两阙之间有空缺，故名阙或双阙。也有作记录官爵、功绩和装饰之用的。 17、花石纲——宋徽宗时运输东南花石船只的编组。“纲”是宋代水路运输货物的组织，全国各地从水路运往京师的货物都要进行编给，一组谓之——“纲”。 18、花园——以搜集观赏花木为主，面积往往较大。 19、游憩园——供主人休息游憩的和宴会娱乐之用，园景与住宅分开，多筑城郊。 20、宅园——建在城镇中，依附于住宅，作为主—游憩、宴乐、会友、读书的园林，一般紧邻邸宅的后部，呈列宅后园的格局；或者位于邸宅一侧而成跨院。 21、曲水流觞——大家坐在水渠两旁，宅上流放置酒杯，任其顺流而下，杯停在谁的面前，谁即取饮，彼此相乐。这就叫作“曲水流觞”。 22、倪云林——倪瓒，元代著名四大家之一，著有“渔庄秋霁图” 23、张涟——明末清初造园艺术家，字南垣。善绘人像，兼工山水，以山水画意造园叠山；善制盆景，颇负盛名。 24、无心画——园林景色为了使室内外互相渗透用漏窗透为景。这种手法是清代李渔首创的，他把内墙原来挂山水画的位置开成漏窗，然后在窗外布置竹石小品之类，使是入画。这样便是真景入画，较之画幅生动百倍，他称无心画，以尺幅窗透取无心画是从暗处明处,窗花有剪影的效果，加以景的特殊为背景，从早到晚窗景图时而变。 25、李渔——字笠翁，钱塘人，生于明万历三十九年（1611年）。李渔是一位兼擅绘画、词曲、小说、戏剧、造园的多才多艺的文人。著有《闲情偶寄》，又名《一家言》，晚年自筑荠子园。
绪论 一、单项选择题 1.送检的病理标本宜用多少浓度的甲醛液固定？（） A.10％ B.20％ C.50％ D.75％ E.95％ 2.多种疾病过程中共同的、成套形态结构和功能代谢的变化称为（） A.病理状态 B.病理过程 C.病理反应 D.病理变化 E.病理联系 3.临床病理工作中最常用的检查方法是（） A.细胞学检查 B.活体组织检查 C.电镜检查 D.免疫组织化学检查 E.血液学检查 4.目前，病理生理学最主要的研究方法是（） A.动物实验 B.临床实验 C.细胞学检查 D.流行病学调查 E.活体组织检查 5.对病理学的发展做出划时代贡献的学说是（） A.液体病理学说 B.器官病理学 C.细胞病理学 D.免疫病理学 E.遗传病理学 6.病理学是一门（） A.基础医学 B.临床医学 C.预防医学 D.是以动物实验为主要研究方法的基础学科 E.是基础医学与临床医学之间的“桥梁”学科，属于基础医学 7.病理解剖学主要着重于哪个方面的研究（） A.形态 B.结构 C.功能 D.代谢 E.形态与结构 8.下列哪些不属于活体组织检查（） A．内窥镜钳取组织检查 B．局部手术切除标本检查 C．痰液涂片检查 D．肿块摘除检查 E．细针穿刺组织检查 9.下列哪项是诊断疾病的最可靠方法（） A.B超 B.CT C.活体组织检查 D.尸体剖验 E.脱落细胞学检查 10.最适用于健康普查的研究方法是（） A.活体组织检查 B.尸体剖验 C.脱落细胞学检查 D.免疫组织化学检查 E.组织和细胞培养 11.病理学与病理生理学的任务是研究疾病的（） A.临床表现 B.诊断与鉴别诊断 C.防治措施
动物病理生理学网上作业题参考答案 第二章疾病概论 一、解释下列名词 ①疾病——疾病是动物机体在一定病因作用下，引起的损伤与抗损伤反应，由于稳态调节紊乱， 从而引起一系列功能、代谢和形态结构改变，临床出现许多不同的症状和体征：使机体与 外环境的协调关系发生障碍，这种异常的生命活动过程，称为疾病。简 ②脑死亡——是指全脑功能的不可逆性的永久性丧失，机体作为整体的功能永久性停止。中 ③病因（致病因素）——疾病发生是有原因的，引起疾病的原因，简称病因，又称为致病因素。简 ④病因学——研究疾病发生原因和条件的科学，称为病因学。简 ⑤诱因——能促进疾病发生的因素，称为诱因。中 ⑥分子病理学——是指从分子水平研究疾病时各种形态、功能、代谢变化及疾病发生的机制，即 分子病理学或称分子医学。中 ⑦疾病的转归——任何疾病都有一个发生发展的过程，大多数疾病发生发展到一定阶段后终将结束， 这就是疾病的转归。中 ⑧发病学——是研究疾病发生、发展基本规律和机制的科学。简 二、填空题 1、躯体上、社会上 2、分子水平 3、抗损伤 4、经济价值 5、机体内部因素（即内因）、诱因 6、物理性、机械性 7、特异性、持续性、潜伏期、有毒代谢产物 8、细菌、病毒、真菌、霉菌、支原体、衣原体、立克次体、螺旋体等； 原虫、蠕虫等 9、损伤与抗损伤、因果转化、局部与整体 10、康复、死亡 三、选择题 1、A； 2、A； 3、D； 4、B； 5、C； 6、C； 7、D； 8、C； 9、D；10、A。 四、简答题 1、生物性致病因素的特点有哪些？ 答：生物性因素的致病作用特点：有一定选择性、有一定特异性、有一定持续性、有明显潜伏期、产生有毒代谢产物。 2、疾病的外因有哪些？ 答：生物性因素，机械性因素，物理性因素，化学性因素，机体必需营养物质缺乏或过多。
近6年上海高考试题知识点分类表（2006年~2011年）
2009年的高考命题以笔者所见，主要体现出以下几个特点（重点以2009年的理科试题为例进行分析）：
（1）考察的内容日趋全面，如在“二期课改”后新增加的矩阵、行列式（理科填空题第３题）、算法（理科填空题第４题）、离散型随机变量分布（理科填空题第７题）、概率的计算（选择题第１６题）、统计（选择题第１７题）、平面向量（解答题第２１题）、空间向量（解答题第２０题），以上在“二期课改”中新增知识板块和知识点都有所考察到，考察的分数多达30分以上。 在文科的试题中也涉及到线性规划（填空题第７题）、概率与统计（填空题第１１题和选择题第１８题）、三视图（选择题第１６题），除了几个主要板块（函数、数列、立体和解析几何）以外的知识也达到了３０分左右。在分值的分布上，2009年的选择题进一步增加到14题，仍保持每题4分，选择题的题量保持不变，解答题减少一题。对新增的向量的和行列式的知识，更强调了向量和行列式作为解题的工具进行使用，如平面向量在解析几何中的应用（解答题第２１题）和空间向量在立体几何中的应用（解答题第19题），这体现了把数学方法作为工具使用的特点，在立体几何中空间向量的使用也淡化了学生思维的难度。 （2）对“双基”的考察更加重视，试题更着重对基本概念和基本解题方法的考察，对基本概念的直接考察从填空题的前8题中有很明显的考察(通常只涉及到1到2个知识点) ，对基本方法的考察也“不偏”、“不怪”，如解答题第19题重点考察了用空间向量的方法解答二面角的问题，第21题重点考察平面向量和解析几何的结合，解答题的第22题对考生对反函数的性质的了解提出了很高的要求。在以上习题的解答过程中，充分地渗透出对“双基”的考察力度，为帮助学生从“题海”战术中解脱出来起到了很大的作用，指引学生真正回归课本上的概念和解题方法。从解题方法上看，整张试卷没有考察到技巧性过强的方法，但对学生需要把相关知识进行关联思考的能力提出了很高的要求，如把算法与分段函数结合（填空题第4题），把向量与立体几何和平面几何的结合，把二项式定理判断余数与数列的结合（解答题第23题）等，以上知识点的考察不仅需要学生对各个知识点进行准确地了解，同时要求学生具有综合思考的能力，能灵活和准确地使用各种方法解决问题。
中考英语过去将来时章节知识点总结及练习测试题含答案解析 一、初中英语过去将来时 1．Jerry told me he ___________ on an old man's eyes in the hospital this Sunday. A. will operate B. would operate C. operated D. has operated 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：杰瑞告诉我，这个星期天他要在医院给一个老人的眼睛做手术。operate做手术，实义动词。this Sunday表明时态是将来时，told是过去式，所以用过去将来时，结构是would+动词原形，所以用would operate，故选B。 【点评】考查过去将来时，注意平时识记其结构。 2．Mr. Wu said he ______ us to the zoo the next week. A. would take B. will take C. take D. takes 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】通过分析本句可知，本句是一个宾语从句。根据next week可知，从句应该将来时，故排除CD；在宾语从句中，主句用过去时，则从句也应该用过去时的某种形式，故用would take。所以本题选A。 【点评】对于宾语从句应该注意四点：1、语序：用陈述句语序；2、引导词：A.that B.特殊疑问词C.if/whether 3、时态：?当主句是一般现在时，从句的时态根据从句的时间变化?当主句的时态是过去时时，从句应该用过去的某种时态?当从句表示客观事实或客观真理等时，从句要用一般现在时。4、人称：根据实际情况变换人称。而本题只考查了时态。 3．—What did Alice say? —She said she me at eight o'clock tomorrow morning. A. is calling B. was calling C. will call D. would call 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：爱丽丝说了什么？——她说她明天上午八点钟给我打电话。结合语境可知下文从句中描述的是站在过去角度看将来发生的动作，故用过去将来时态。选D。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。英语疑问句中一般具有时态上的对应关系，注意结合这一特点进行区分。 4．Tim told us that his company ______ robots to do some of the work. A. uses B. will use C. has used D. would use 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:蒂姆告诉过我，他的公司会使用机器人做工作的一部分。宾语从句
铜仁职业技术学院考试试题卷 课程名称:《病理学》临床医学试卷类型: C卷 学年度第学期考试方式: 笔试系别: 医学系班级: 学号: 姓名: 、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、 注意事项:1、答案一律做在答题卷上。 2、请写上系别、班级、学号与姓名。 1、关于肥大,错误得说法就是( ) A.高血压病得左心室 B.脑积水 C.激素得作用前列腺增大 D.健美运动员得骨骼肌 E.一侧肾切除后对侧肾得增大 2、授乳期得乳腺增大属于( ) A.肥大 B.增生 C.再生 D.化生 E.机化 3、下列哪种情况属于液化性坏死( ) A.心肌梗死 B.脑梗死 C.肠梗死 D.淋巴结干酪样坏死 E.脓肿 4、肠扭转引起得坏死,称为( ) A.凝固性坏死 B.液化性坏死 C.气性坏疽 D.干性坏疽 E.湿性坏疽 5、混合血栓可见于( ) A.静脉内柱状血栓得尾部 B.毛细血管内 C.急性风湿性心内膜炎得瓣膜闭锁缘 D.动脉血栓得头部 E.静脉内延续血栓得体部 6、股静脉内血栓形成可引起( ) A.肺动脉栓塞 B.下肢坏疽 C.脑动脉栓塞 D.门静脉栓塞 E.肠系膜动脉栓塞 7、属于炎症性增生得病变就是( ) A.风湿性动脉炎血管壁粘液变性 B.风湿性关节炎关节肿胀 C.风湿性心肌炎时风湿小结形成 D.风湿性心内膜炎疣状赘生物形成 E.风湿性心外膜炎纤维素渗出 8、急性重型肝炎引起肝功能衰竭就是由于( ) A.肝出血 B.肝充血 C.肝内炎细胞浸润 D.肝细胞弥漫性大片坏死 E.小胆管增生 9、流行性乙型脑炎患者病愈后智力低下就是由于( ) A.脑内炎细胞浸润 B.脑神经细胞坏死 C.脑内血管扩张 D.脑内胶质细胞增生 E.脑水肿 10、金黄色葡萄球菌感染常引起( ) A.蜂窝织炎 B.脓肿 C.出血性炎 D.浆液性炎 E.纤维素性炎 11、不符合浆液性炎得描述就是( )
第一章细胞、组织的适应和损伤 一、选择题 [A型题] 1．关于萎缩，下列哪一项是正确的？1.D 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.E A 凡是比正常小的器官、组织和细胞均称为萎缩 B 缺血或血供中断均可引起 C 实质和间质同时减少 D 间质不减少，常继发增生 E 细胞内自噬小体减少 2．慢性消耗性疾病时，最早发生萎缩的组织是 A 骨骼肌 B 心肌 C 脑组织 D 脂肪组织 E 结缔组织 3．关于肥大，哪一项是错误的？ A 细胞组织和器官的体积增大 B 肥大的组织细胞具有代偿功能 C 组织的肥大常与增生并存 D 实质细胞肥大，间质萎缩 E 乳腺发育既属生理性肥大也是内分泌性肥大 4．老年性前列腺肥大属于 A 功能性肥大 B 代偿性肥大 C 代谢性肥大 D 内分泌性肥大 E 生理性肥大 5．关于增生，下列哪一项是错误的？ A 实质细胞的数目增多，伴体积增大 B 与炎症，激素和生长因子作用有关 C 过度增生的细胞有可能演变为肿瘤性增生 D 增生可导致组织，器官体积增大 E 增生的细胞不受机体调控，病因去除后，仍继续增生 6．下列哪一项不属于化生？6.C 7.D 8.E 9.E 10.B A 慢性萎缩性胃炎时，胃粘膜内出现肠上皮 B 慢性支气管炎时，气管粘膜出现鳞状上皮 C 食管粘膜内出现灶状胃粘膜组织 D 慢性宫颈炎时出现糜烂腺 E 骨化性肌炎时出现骨组织 7．关于细胞水肿，下列叙述中哪一项不正确？ A 细胞膜受损，钠一钾泵功能障碍 B 胞质疏松透明 C 细胞肿大变圆 D 细胞核增大，染色质边集 E 严重水肿，溶酶体膜破裂 8．关于脂肪变性的改变，下列哪一项是错误的？ A 慢性肝淤血时，脂肪变主要位于肝小叶中央 B 磷中毒时脂肪变主要位于肝小叶周边 C 脂肪肝的脂肪变在小叶内弥漫分布 D 严重贫血所致心肌脂肪变呈虎皮斑纹 E 白喉外毒素所致心肌脂肪变呈红、黄相间 9．关于玻璃样变性，下述哪一项是错误的？ A 可发生于结缔组织 B 可发生于血管壁 C 可发生于浆细胞 D 可发生于肝细胞 E 可发生于远曲肾小管上皮 10．下列哪一项不属于玻璃样变性？ A 高血压病的细动脉硬化 B 眼结膜间质中的蛋白质粘多糖沉积 C 胶原纤维间多量糖蛋白沉积 D 慢性肝炎的肝细胞胞质内充满不透明嗜酸性细颗粒物质 E 透明变性的结缔组织间嗜酸性细颗粒状物质 11．关于心肌脂肪变性，哪一项是错误的？11.A 12.A 13.D 14.E 15.C A 心肌脂肪浸润又称心肌脂肪变性 B 严重贫血致心肌脂肪变性称虎斑心
近四年高考全国卷地理试题分析及四川卷与全国卷的差异 1.下面是近四年五套高考全国新课标卷地理试题的知识点在考纲中的分布比较表
2.近几年全国卷的试题分析 从知识点考查对比看，四年的常考点主要侧重于对大气、水、地壳地质、地理环境的整体性和差异性、工业、区域可持续发展等知识点的考查，几年来，难度较小、易得分的知识点集中在工业、农业、人口、城市等方面，难度很大的地球运动部分五套题中只出现两组选择题，值得注意。四年的考试对自然地理的大气、水、地理环境的整体性和差异性，人文地理的农业、工业、区域经济发展等知识点的考查占的分值很大，年年高考都有涉及，充分体现了重基础、重主干知识的考试要求。 试题的情境素材均来源于现实的社会和生活。如2016年全国三卷考查上海市及周边的人口问题，给学生一种十分接近、现实的感觉。不仅为问题设计搭建了良好的平台，而且能引导考生关注生活、热爱生活，目前发展速度较快的快递业也出现在高考试卷，让学生感觉地理学习终身有益、终身有用。 试题命题素材科学严谨，内容广泛、形式多样，注重反映社会发展，凸显学科特色。如体现当今科技进步与发展的2013年4-6题“地膜覆盖”材料；通过文字表述形式呈现，让考生极大丰富了想象，走出教材，增强了试卷的可读性、趣味性，充分、准确凸显了地理学科特色。 3.2015年四川卷地理和2016年全国卷地理的区别 试卷结构差异：2015年四川文综卷地理部分试题，选择题共12个，每个4分，总分达到48分。主观题2道，52分的分值。一个中
国区域，一个世界区域。评分细则每点两分，学生可以看分答点，比较好把握。选修内容没有单独命题，融合在选择题和主观题中。2016年全国卷，选择题11个，每个4分，总分是44分。主观题必做题2道，考查必修1、2、3的知识。选做题3选1，考查选修的知识，每题10分。评分细则中，每点分值不一样，1分2分3分不等，学生做题时比较难把握。 知识侧重点考查差异： 2016年地理高考选择题侧重考查人文地理知识考查，不居于教材，命题灵活，材料多来源于生活，试题难度较大。2015年四川卷考查自然地理知识为重，但侧重于地理原理的考查，试题难度较小。
看完考试必过！ 加油吧！ 细胞和组织的适应与损伤、损伤的 修复 一、名词解释 1．萎缩：是指发育正常的实质细胞、组织或器官，由于某种原因导致其体积缩小或伴有细胞数目的减少。 2．肥大（hypertrophy）：细胞和组织器官的体积增大称为肥大。可伴有细胞数量的增多（增生），即肥大与增生并存。包括代偿性肥大和内分泌性肥大。肥大与萎缩相对应。 3．增生（hyperplasia）：由于实质细胞数量增多而造成的组织、器官体积增大称为增生。 4．化生（metaplasia）：一种分化成熟的组织因受刺激因素的作用转化为另一种分化成熟组织的过程称为化生。主要发生于上皮组织，亦可见于间叶组织。 5. 变性（degeneration）：细胞及间质内出现异常物质，或正常物质数量显著增多而引起的细胞或间质的一系列形态学改变，可伴有结构和功能的变化。 6. 虎斑心(tigerd-effect heart)：心肌脂肪变性常累及左心室的内膜下和乳头肌。严重贫血所致的心肌脂肪变，肉眼上表现为大致横行的黄色条纹，与未脂肪变的暗红色心肌相间，形似虎皮斑纹，称虎斑心。 7. 再生（regeneration）：指由损伤部位周围的同种细胞来完成的修复。如能完全恢复原组织的结构及功能则称为完全性再生，否则为不完全再生。 8. 肉芽组织（granulation tissue）：是由新生薄壁的毛细血管、增生的成纤维细胞以及伴有不同程度的炎症细胞等有形成分组成。肉眼上呈鲜红色，颗粒状，柔软湿润，形似鲜嫩的肉芽。 9. 瘢痕（scar）：是指肉芽组织成熟转变而来的老化阶段的纤维结缔组织。表现为纤维细胞稀少，小血管减少消失。肉眼呈收缩状态，颜色苍白或灰白半透明，质韧并缺乏弹性。
第6章肿瘤习题及答案 一、 A 型选择题 1. 下列肿瘤中，哪种肿瘤的实质常由透明细胞组成 A. 直肠腺癌 B. 肝细胞癌 C. 肾细胞癌 D. 胃粘液癌 E. 乳腺髓样癌 2. 下述有关食道癌的描述，哪项是错误的？ A. 食道上段最常见 B. 鳞状上皮癌多见 C. 可见原位癌 D. 亚硝胺与食道癌发生有关 E. 可以多灶发生 3. 下列哪种肿瘤的恶性型不能归入肉瘤？ A. 脂肪瘤 B. 血管瘤 C. 软骨瘤 D. 乳头状瘤 E. 纤维瘤 4. 以下不属于癌前疾病的有 A. 肝硬变 B. 慢性萎缩性胃炎 C. 子宫平滑肌瘤 D. 结肠多发性息肉病 E. 纤维性囊性乳腺病 5. 肺癌一般不转移至 A. 脑 B. 骨 C. 心 D. 肝 E. 肾 6. 下列哪项是原位癌的主要特征 A. 是一种早期癌症 B. 未发生转移 C. 发生于子宫颈粘膜上皮 D. 可长期保持原来的结构，甚至消退 E. 癌变波及上皮全层，但未浸润至粘膜下层 7. 上皮细胞不典型增生指 A. 细胞层次增多 B. 上皮细胞异乎常态的增生 C. 细胞异型性不明显，极性不丧失 D. 细胞局限于基底膜内 E. 不会进一步发展为浸润性癌 8. 诊断腺癌的依据是 A. 发生于腺上皮 B. 呈结节状外观感 C. 有癌巢形成 D. 异型性明显 E. 有条索状，腺状排列 9. 下列哪项是骨肉瘤的主要诊断依据： A. 血道转移 B. 好发于青少年 C. 发生于长骨骨干 D. 可发生病理性骨折 E. 出现肿瘤性骨折 10. 胃癌最主要的转移途径是 A. 直接蔓延 B. 淋巴道转移 C. 血行转移 D. 腹腔内种植 E. 消化道转移 11. 进展期胃癌最多见的类型是 A. 胶样癌 B. 革囊胃 C. 息肉型 D. 溃疡型 E. 局限浸润型 12. 癌块小，恶性程度高，早期即有症状，临床上最多的是 A. 腺癌 B. 导管癌症 C. 湿疹样癌 D. 硬癌 E. 髓样癌
高考考点细目表及试卷分析 1.下面是近四年五套高考全国新课标卷地理试题的知识点在考纲中的分布比较表
2.近几年全国卷的试题分析 从知识点考查对比看，四年的常考点主要侧重于对大气、水、地壳地质、地 理环境的整体性和差异性、工业、区域可持续发展等知识点的考查，几年来， 难度较小、易得分的知识点集中在工业、农业、人口、城市等方面，难度很大 的地球运动部分五套题中只出现两组选择题，值得注意。四年的考试对自然地 理的大气、水、地理环境的整体性和差异性，人文地理的农业、工业、区域经 济发展等知识点的考查占的分值很大，年年高考都有涉及，充分体现了重基础、重主干知识的考试要求。 试题的情境素材均来源于现实的社会和生活。如2016年全国三卷考查上海 市及周边的人口问题，给学生一种十分接近、现实的感觉。不仅为问题设计搭 建了良好的平台，而且能引导考生关注生活、热爱生活，目前发展速度较快的 快递业也出现在高考试卷，让学生感觉地理学习终身有益、终身有用。 试题命题素材科学严谨，内容广泛、形式多样，注重反映社会发展，凸显 学科特色。如体现当今科技进步与发展的2013年4-6题“地膜覆盖”材料；通 过文字表述形式呈现，让考生极大丰富了想象，走出教材，增强了试卷的可读性、趣味性，充分、准确凸显了地理学科特色。 3.2015年四川卷地理和2016年全国卷地理的区别 试卷结构差异：2015年四川文综卷地理部分试题，选择题共12个，每个4分，总分达到48分。主观题2道，52分的分值。一个中国区域，一个世界区域。评分细则每点两分，学生可以看分答点，比较好把握。选修内容没有单独命题，融合在选择题和主观题中。2016年全国卷，选择题11个，每个4分，总分是 44分。主观题必做题2道，考查必修1、2、3的知识。选做题3选1，考查选 修的知识，每题10分。评分细则中，每点分值不一样，1分2分3分不等，学 生做题时比较难把握。 知识侧重点考查差异： 2016年地理高考选择题侧重考查人文地理知识考查，不居于教材，命题灵活，材料多来源于生活，试题难度较大。2015年四川卷考查自然地理知识为重，但侧重于地理原理的考查，试题难度较小。
荆楚理工学院 大一思修复习重点 1.大学生怎样尽快适应大学新生活？ （1）认识大学生活特点，了解大学生活的变化。大学生活的新特点：宽松与自主并存的学习环境；统一与独立并存的生活环境；丰富与平等并存的人际环境；多彩与严谨并存的课余环境。（2）提高独立生活能力。确立独立生活意识；虚心求教、细心体察；大胆实践、不断积累生活经验。不断提高生活上的自理能力，包括一些基本的生活能力；学会用平等的态度对待他人，正确地认识和评价自己，客观地对待别人的优势。（3）树立新的学习理念。树立自主学习的理念；树立全面学习的理念；树立创新学习的理念；树立终身学习的理念。（4）培养优良学风。高度要求自己，努力做到“勤奋、严谨、、创新”。 2.当代大学生的历史使命和成才目标是什么？ 历史使命:不同时代的青年面对不同的历史课题，承担着不同的历史使命。当代大学生承担的是建设中国特色社会主义、实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史使命。 成才目标:成为德智体美全面发展的社会主义事业的建设者和接班人，是历史发展对大学生的必然要求，是党和人民的殷切期望，也是大学生需要确立的成才目标。大学培养目标所要求的德智体美方面的素质是相互联系、相互制约的统一体。德是人才素质的灵魂；智是人才素质的基础；体是人才素质的条件；美是人才素质的重要容。大学生的全面发展，就是德智体美的全面发展，是思想道德素质、科学文化素质和健康素质的全面提高。当代大学生应努力成长为主动发展、健康发展、和谐发展的一代新人。 3、成才该具备哪些因素？ 1、理想远大，热爱祖国 2、追求真理，善于创新 3、德才兼备，全面发展 4、视野开阔，胸怀宽广 5、知行统一，脚踏实地 3.谈谈你对社会主义核心价值体系的科学涵极重要意义的理解？ 科学涵：巩固马克思主义指导地位，坚持不懈得用马克思主义中国化最新成果武装全党、教育人民，用中国特色社会主义共同理想凝聚力量；用以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创更新为核心的时代精神鼓舞斗志；用社会主义荣辱观引领风尚，巩固全党全国各民族人名团结奋斗的共同思想基础。 意义：它为当代大学生加强自身修养。锤炼优良品德、成长为德智体美全面发展的社会主义事业的合格建设者和可靠接班人指明了努力方向，提供了发展动力，明确了基本途径。当代大学生只有自觉学习和践行社会主义核心价值体系，才能健康的成长为有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的社会主义“四有”新人。 4. 大学生提高思想道德素质与法律素质为什么要自觉学习和践行社会主义核心价值体系？ 社会主义核心价值体系是社会意识的本质体现。社会主义核心价值体系在构建和谐社会、建设和谐文化中应运而生；社会主义核心价值体系是建设和谐文化的根本；建设社会主义核心价值体系是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要保证；建设社会主义核心价值体系是适应新形势、迎接新挑战、完成新任务的迫切需要。社会主义核心价值体系也是引领当代大学生成长成才的根本指针，它为当代大学生加强自身修养、锤炼优良品德、成长为德智体美全面发展的社会主义事业的合格建设者和可靠接班人指明了努力方向，提供了发展动力，明确了基本途径。 2．如何理解马克思主义指导思想在社会主义核心价值体系中的地位？ 马克思主义是科学的又是崇高的。马克思主义作为人类历史上最科学，最先进，最严密的思想体系，是人们认识世界，改造世界的强大思想武器，是我们立党立国的根本指导思想，是全党全国各族人民的共同精神支柱。马克思主义具有持久的生命力。马克思主义是发展着的科学。坚持马克思主义指导思想，就是要坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合，不断推进马克思主义中国化。马克思主义以改造世界为己任。在我国社会主义核心价值体系建设中，马克思主义为我们提供了正确的世界观和方法论，提供了正确认识世界和改造世界的强大思想武器。马克思主义指导思想决定着社会主义核心价值体系的性质和方向。只有用马克思主义的观点来认识人类社会，用发展着的马克思主义指导实践，才能在错综复杂的社会现象中明确方向，在认识和改造世界的实践活动中不断提高预见性，增强主动性，克服片面性，减少盲目性。总之，坚持马克思主义的指导地位，抓住了社会主义核心价值体系的