职称英语理工类教材变
动情况完整详细版 Document number【AA80KGB-AA98YT-AAT8CB-2A6UT-A18GG】
2015年职称英语理工类新增文章
plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that’s not all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals and other organisms to live.
The process of changing light into food and oxygen is called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of green plants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls that give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules that trap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose.
Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of the stomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. During the daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops.
If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. The earth’s atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet.
必不可少的科学过程
地球上所有的生命取决于绿色植物。利用阳光,植物生产自己的食物。然后动物饲料的植物。他们在植物营养和存储。但这还不是全部。阳光也有助于植物产生氧气。一些工厂使用的氧气,但比它使用植物通常会产生更多的氧气。多余的氧气是动物和其他生物生存所必需的。
改变光成食物和氧气的过程称为光合作用。除了来自太阳的光能量,植物也使用水和二氧化碳。植物通过根的水。二氧化碳通过微小的开口气孔进入叶子。二氧化碳前往叶绿体,特殊的细胞在绿色植物的尸体。这是光合作用发生的地方。叶绿体含有叶绿素,植物的绿色。叶绿素分子捕获光的能量。困光能量的变化水和二氧化碳制造氧气和一个简单的糖就是葡萄糖。
二氧化碳和氧气进入和气孔。气孔的水蒸气也移动了。超过90%的水植物需要通过根部从气孔。在白天,大多数植物的气孔开放。这允许二氧化碳进入叶片进行光合作用。随着夜幕的降临,二氧化碳是不需要。大多数植物的气孔关闭。水损失停止。
如果光合作用停止,会有小食品或其他有机物质在地球上。大多数生物将消失。地球的大气层将不再含有氧气。光合作用是地球上的生命所必需的。
词汇：
nutrient n.营养物
organism n.生物体，有机体
carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳
chloroplast n.叶绿体
molecule n.分子
vapor n.水蒸气
oxygen n.氧气
photosynthesis n.光合作用
chlorophyll n.叶绿素
glucose n.葡萄糖
cease v.停止
注释：
1．Then animals feed upon the plants.动物以植物为食。
练习：
1．In the first paragraph，the word “excess” means
A heavy.
B extra.
C green.
D liquid.
2．Which of the following does not move through a plant’s stomata?
A Carbon dioxide.
B Water vapor.
C Oxygen.
D Food.
3．In the title, the term Essential Scientific Process refers to
A photosynthesis.
B the formation of glucose.
C global warming.
D water getting to the roots of plants.
4．This passage is primarily developed by
A explaining a process.
B telling a story.
C comparing and contrasting.
D convincing the reader of plants’ importance.
5．Another good title for this passage would be
A Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide.
B Plants and Their Roots.
C How Photosynthesis Works.
D Why Our Earth Needs Water.
答案与题解：
1．B 前文讲到，植物产生的氧气一部分被植物自身消耗了，但植物消耗的氧气量远小于它们产生的氧气，因此可以推测这句话的意思应该是剩余的氧气对于动物以及其他生物体的生存是至关重要的。excess在句中的意思是“超额的”，与extra“额外的”意思相近。
2．D 从第三段的第一、二句得知，二氧化碳、氧气和水蒸气都能从气孔中通过，唯一一个没有提到的是food“养分、食物”，因此该题选D项。
3．A 文章通篇都在讲Photosynthesis，即光合作颂钠作用和重要性，文章结尾又重申了Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet，因此选A项。B项是光合作用的一个部分，C、D项则毫不相干。
4．A 文章先是介绍了进行光合作用所需的原料和组织，又介绍了光合作用的过程，
因此整个逻辑应该是解释过程，而不是讲故事或比较对比。D项是“向读者说明植物
的重要性”，这确实是文章的一个目的，但不是文章的组织方式。
5．C 文章的主题是光合作用的基本原理，因此选项C。A、B项在文中有提及，但不
是主旨，D项与本文无关。
补全短文第五篇 A Record-Breaking Rover
NASA’s Mars rover Opportunity has boldly gone where no rover has gone before—at least in terms of distance. ___ Since arriving on the Red Planet in 2004, Opportunity has traveled 25.01 miles, more than any other wheeled vehicle has on another world.___
On July 27, after years of moving about on Martian ground, the golf-
cart-sized Opportunity had driven more than 24 miles, beating the previous record holder—a Soviet rover sent to the moon in 1973.
“This is so remarkable considering Opportunity was intended to drive about 1 kilometer and was never designed for distance,” says John Callas, the Mars Exploration Rover Project Manager.
___ He works at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena,
California.___ “But what is really importantly is not how many miles the rover has racked up, but how much exploration and discovery we have accomplished over that distance.”
OPPORTUNITY
The solar-powered Opportunity and its twin rover, Spirit, landed on
Mars 10 years ago on a mission expected to last 3 months. __ The objective
of the rovers was to help scientists learn more about the planet and to search for signs of life，such as the possible presence of water.___ Spirit stopped communicating with Earth in March 2010, a few months
after it got stuck in a sand pit. But Opportunity has continued to collect and analyze Martian soil and rocks.
During its mission, Opportunity has captured, and sent back to Earth, some 187,000 panoramic and microscopic images of Mars with its cameras. ___ It has also provided scientists with data on the planet’s atmosphere, soil, rocks, and terrain.___
MARATHON ROVER
The rover doesn’t seem to be ready to stop just yet. If Opportunity can continue on, it will reach another major investigation site when its odometer hits 26.2 miles. ___ Scientists call this site Marathon Valley, because when the rover reaches the area, it will have traveled the same distance as the length of a marathon since its arrival on Mars.___ Researchers believe that clay minerals exposed near Marathon Valley could hold clues to Mars’s ancient environment1. Opportunity’s continuing travels will also help researchers as they plan for an eventual human mission to the Red Planet.
一个破纪录的探测器
美国宇航局的火星探测器“机遇号”大胆地走了,没有探测器已经在最小的距离。___自2004年到达这颗红色星球,机会旅行25.01英里,比任何其他轮式车辆对另一个world.___
7月27日,经过多年的火星地面上移动golf-cart-sized机会导致超过24英里,超过此前的记录持有者在1973年苏联探测器送往月球。
“这是如此非凡的考虑机会是为了开车约1公里,也从来没有为距离,”约翰·卡拉斯说的火星探测器项目经理。
___他工作在帕萨迪纳市的美国宇航局喷气推进实验室,加州。___“但真正重要的不是有多少英里探测器取得了,但是我们已经完成了多少探索和发现的距离。”
机会
太阳能的机会及其双探测器,精神,10年前登陆火星的任务将持续3个月。__的目的是帮助科学家了解更多关于火星上的行星,寻找生命的迹象,比如water.___的可能存在
精神与地球停止沟通2010年3月,几个月后,被困在一个沙坑。但机会继续收集和分析火星土壤和岩石。
在它的使命,机会了,和发送回地球,火星187000全景和显微图像的相机。
___它也为科学家们提供了数据行星的大气,土壤、岩石、和terrain.___
马拉松式探测器
探测器似乎并不准备停止。如果有机会可以继续,这将达到另一个主要调查
网站当其里程表达到26.2英里。___科学家称这个网站马拉松谷,因为当探测器到达区域,它将走同样的距离到达Mars.___以来马拉松的长度
研究人员认为,粘土矿物暴露在马拉松附近山谷火星古代environment1线索。机会的持续传播也将帮助研究人员作为他们计划最终人类的使命,这颗红色星球。
词汇：
Mars rover n. 火星车
panoramic adj. 全景的
odometer n. 里程计
rack up v. 积累
microscopic adj. 微观的
注释：
1．could hold clues to Mars’s ancient environment：含有与火星早期环境有关的线索。
练习：
A It has also provided scientists with data on the planet’s atmosphere, soil, rocks, and terrain.
B He works at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
C Scientists call this site Marathon Valley, because when the rover reaches the area, it will have traveled the same distance as the length of a marathon since its arrival on Mars.
D Opportunity has been working on Mars since January 2004.
E The objective of the rovers was to help scientists learn more about the planet and to search for signs of life，such as the possible presence of water.
F Since arriving on the Red Planet in 2004, Opportunity has traveled 25.01 miles, more than any other wheeled vehicle has on another world.
答案与题解：
1．F 前文讲“机遇号”在距离上比之前的任何漫游车行进的距离都长，因此接下来应该讨论关于行进距离的问题。
2．B 前文引入了一个新人物John Callas，而后文是他说的一些话，因此这里应该
填写的内容是对这个人的进一步介绍。
3．E 前文讲了同时被送入太空的两台漫游车“机遇号”和“勇气号”，因此下文应
该对它们的情况进行介绍，而关于发射目的的介绍在这里是合适的。
4．A 前文讲到“机遇号”给地面传回了许多照片，而选项A中讲到它还给地面传回
了许多其他信息，在这里是一致的。
5．C 前文讲漫游车在行进到26.2英里的时候会到达一个地点，而后文提到了马拉松谷这个地方，因此这里应该是关于这个地点的介绍。
阅读理解*第二十二篇 Real World Robots
When you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot
often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today’s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience.
A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a
two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate.
A robot even has limbs that swivel and move in combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings1, a robot utilizes various
built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeter as it moves on an incline, a gyroscope or a pendulum inside it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object，the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves
off obstructions in its path2. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer, which then analyzes the information and
corrects or adjusts the robot’s actions. As science and technology advance, the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial-intelligence programs.
现实世界的机器人
当你想到一个机器人,你想象一个闪亮的金属设备拥有相同的一般形状作为
一个普通人,做像人一样的功能,和回复你的问题在一个单调的声音以高音音
调和哔哔声吗?这是我们中的许多人想象一个机器人,但在现实世界中,不仿人机器人。而不是一个机器人通常是无声的,盒子形状的机器,有效地进行重复或危险函数通常由人类。今天的机器人是一个多自动机器,一次又一次地执行一个任务。现代机器人编程与不同程度的人工智能,机器人包含一个计算机程序,告诉它如何执行任务与人类智慧有关,如推理,得出结论,并从过去的经验学习。
一个机器人并不拥有人类形状的原因很简单,两条腿机器人很难保持平衡。然而,机器人确实从一个地方到另一个地方滚动和旋转的车轮和轴。机器人甚至有四肢,旋转和移动结合关节和汽车。surroundings1找到自己的方式,一个机器人利用各种内置的传感器。天线连接到机器人的基本检测任何他们撞到。如果机器人开始摇晃时在斜坡上,陀螺仪或摆里面感觉垂直的微分。来确定物体的距离和速度将达到对象,机器人反射光束的激光和超声波声波path2障碍物。这些和其他传感器不断饲料信息到电脑,然后分析了信息和纠正或调整机器人的动作。随着科学技术的进步,机器人也会进步的功能和使用的人工智能程序。
词汇：
envision v. 想象，预想
device n. 装置
accentuate v. 强调，重读
artificial intelligence n. 人工智能
limb n. 臂
antennae n. 天线
incline v. 倾斜
pendulum n. 钟摆
ultrasonic adj. 超声的
metallic adj. 金属的
monotone n. 单调的
humanoid adj. 像人的
axle n. 轮轴
rotate v. 旋转
swivel n. 旋转
teeter v. 摇晃
gyroscope n. 陀螺仪，回转仪
vertical n. 直立的
注释：
1．To find its way in its surroundings...：为了在周围找到路……
2．the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path：机器人发射激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上（以此来探知路径）。
练习：
1．Another good title for this passage would be
A Robots: Taking the Place of Humans.
B Artificial Intelligence Programs.
C Today’s Robots and How They Function.
D Modern-Day Sensors.
2．Artificial intelligence is
A the unnatural way in which robots move.
B a voiceless, box-shaped machine that performs repetitive tasks.
C sensors such as antennae and a gyroscope.
D a computer program that imitates human intellectual processes.
3．The last paragraph suggests that future robots will be
A more humanlike in behavior and actions.
B more like automatic machines.
C better able to move on inclines.
D better equipped with laser light sensors.
4．The writer begins the passage by comparing
A the shape of a human being with a box.
B a modem robot with a fictional robot.
C an imaginary machine with a human.
D a computer program with artificial intelligence.
5．The word humanoid means
A lacking human characteristics.
B anything having the appearance of a humanoid.
C being void or vacant.
D having a human form or characteristics.
答案与题解：
1．C 从文中得知，文章主要介绍了机器人和它们的运行方式，因此选择C选项。
2．D Artificial是“人工”的意思，intelligence是“智能”的意思。另外从文中得知，机器人使用artificial intelligence能够进行与人类类似的推理分析等活动，因此可知它是一种类似人类智能的计算机程序。
3．A 最后一段讲机器人的发展方向是更加智能，能够自己判断并修正行为，而不仅仅是完成重复性的工作。
4．B 文章开头的时候作者让读者描述他们脑海中的机器人概念，并随后介绍了实际的机器人是怎样的，因此选择B选项。
5．D 从humanoid的词根human可看出这个词是形容与人类有关的特征。另外根据文章对这个词的描述可以得出这个词是表示和人类类似的特征，不管是外形上，还是行为方式上。
补全短文*第九篇 Lightening Strikes
Three years ago a bolt of lightning all but destroyed Lyn Miller’s house in Aberdeen—with her two children inside. “There was a huge rainstorm,” she says, recalling the terrifying experience. “My brother and I were outside desperately working to stop floodwater from coming in the house. Suddenly I was thrown to the ground by an enormous bang. ___ When I picked myself up, the roof and the entire upper storey of the house had been demolished.___ The door was blocked by rubble, but we forced our way in and found the children, thankfully unharmed. Later I was told to be struck by lightning is a chance in a million.” In fact, it’s calculated at one chance in 600,000. Even so, Dr Mark Keys of AER Technology, an organisation that monitors the effects of lightning, thinks you should be sensible. “I wouldn’t go out in a storm—but th en I’m quite a careful person.” He advises anyone who is unlucky enough to be caught in a storm to get down on the ground and curl up into a ball, making yourself as small as possible.
Lightning is one of nature’s most awesome displays of sheer power.
____ No wonder the ancient Greeks thought it was Zeus, father of the gods, throwing thunderbolts around in anger.___ 250 years ago, Benjamin Franklin, the American scientist and statesman，proved that lightning is a form of electricity, but scientists still lack a complete understanding of how it works.
____ Occasionally there are warning signs.___ Positive electrical charges streaming upwards from trees or church spires may glow and make a buzzing noise, and people’s hair can stand on end. And if you fear light ning, you’ll be glad to know that a company in America has manufactured a hand-held lightning detector which can detect it up to 70 kms away, sound a warning tone and monitor the storm’s approach.
Nancy Wilder was playing golf at a club in Surrey when she was hit by a
bolt of lightning. Mrs Wilder’s heart stopped beating, but she was resuscitated and, after a few days in hospital, where she was treated for bums to her head, hands and feet, she was pronounced fit again. Since that
time, she has been a strictly fair weather golfer1. ___ In fact, a golf course is one of the most dangerous places to be during a thunderstorm.
___ The best place to be is inside a car!
The largest number of people to be struck by lightning at one time was in September 1995 when 17 players on a football pitch were hit simultaneously. The most extraordinary aspect of the strike was the fact that 11 of the victims—seven adults and four children—had burn patterns of tiny holes at 3 centimetre intervals on each toe and around the soles of their feet.
Harold Deal, a retired electrician from South Carolina, USA, was struck by lightning 26 years ago. He was apparently unhurt, but it later emerged that the strike had damaged the part of the brain which controls the sensation of temperature. __ Since then the freezing South Carolina winters haven’t bothered Harold, since he is completely unable to feel the cold.___
Animals are victims of lightning too2．Hundreds
of cows and sheep are killed every year, largely because they go under trees. In East Anglia in 1918, 504 sheep were killed instantaneously by
the same bolt of lightning that hit the ground and travelled through the entire flock. Lightning is also responsible for starting more than 10,000 forest fires each year world-wide.三年前的闪电几乎摧毁了林恩在Aberdeen-with米勒的房子里面她的两个孩子。“有一个巨大的暴雨,”她说,回忆可怕的经验。“我哥哥和我是在拼命努力阻止洪水的到来。突然,我被一个巨大的爆炸扔到地上。___我自己捡起来时,屋顶和整个上层
的房子已经被拆除。___门被碎石,但我们强迫方式,发现孩子,幸好安然无恙。后来有人告诉我一百万年雷击是一个机会。“事实上,这是计算在600000年的一次机会。即便如此,马克博士AER技术的钥匙,一个组织,监控
闪电的影响,认为你应该明智的。“我不会出去只是然后我很仔细的人。”他建议那些不幸被抓住在一个风暴在地上蜷缩成一团,让自己尽可能小。
闪电是自然界最可怕的庞大力量的显示。_____难怪古希腊人认为这是宙斯,众神之父,雷霆在愤怒。___ 250年前,本杰明·富兰克林,美国科学家和政治家,证明闪电是电的一种形式,但科学家们仍然缺乏一个完整的理解它是如何工作的。
偶尔会有警告标志。___积极向上电荷流从树上或教堂尖顶会发光,嗡嗡的噪音,和人的头发都竖起来了。如果你害怕闪电,你会很高兴知道公司在美国生产的手持闪电探测器可以探测到70公里外,发出警告语气和监测风暴的方法。
南希·怀尔德在萨里在俱乐部打高尔夫球的时候,她被一道闪电击中。怀尔德夫人的心脏停止了跳动,但她是复苏,几天后在医院,她是治疗烧伤头,手和脚,她又被宣布适合。从那时起,她一直是一个严格的好天气golfer1。___事实上,高尔夫球场是最危险的地方之一,在雷雨。
___最好的地方是在一个车!
最大数量的人被闪电击中一次是在1995年9月17日在足球场上球员同时被击中。罢工的最不寻常的方面的事实11 victims-seven成年人和四个孩子们燃烧模式3厘米的小孔间隔在每个脚趾和脚的脚底。
哈罗德,一位退休电工来自南卡罗来纳州的美国,26年前被闪电击中。他显然没有受伤,但后来证实,罢工已经受损的大脑的一部分控制温度的感觉。__从那时起冰冷的南卡罗来纳的冬天没有打扰哈罗德,因为他完全无法感受到cold.___
动物是闪电的受害者too2.Hundreds每年杀死牛羊头,很大程度上是因为他们走在树下。在1918年东安格利亚,504只羊被杀的相同的闪电瞬间撞到地面,穿越整个羊群。闪电开始还负责全球森林火灾每年都超过10000。
词汇：
bolt n. （闪电）道
sheer adj. 绝对的
resuscitate v. 使复苏
flock n. 群
rubble n. 碎石
spire n. 尖顶，尖塔
instantaneously adv. 即刻，突如其来地
注释：
1．she has been a strictly fair weather golfer：她变成了一个只在晴朗天气才打高尔夫的人。
2．Animals are victims of lightning too：动物也会受到雷击的伤害。
练习：
A No wonder the ancient Greeks thought it was Zeus, father of the gods, throwing thunderbolts around in anger.
B In fact, a golf course is one of the most dangerous places to be during a thunderstorm.
C Lightning has long been hailed as one of the most impressive displays of nature’s power.
D When I picked myself up, the roof and the entire upper storey of the house had been demolished.
E Occasionally there are warning signs.
F Since then the freezing South Carolina winters haven’t bothered Harold, since he is completely unable to feel the cold.
答案与题解：
1．D 前文讲到“我”被爆炸击中，因此后文要讲被击昏然后醒来之后的事，D项符合。
2．A 前文讲闪电是大自然绝对力量最可怕的展现方式之一，而宙斯在古希腊是力量的化身，古希腊人认为雷电产生的原因是宙斯发怒并投掷闪电。
3．E 后文讲到闪电来临之前的一些征兆，还讲到有一种产品可以预告闪电。此处要填的是该段的主题句，即闪电到来之前会有一些征兆。
4．B 前面讲到在高尔夫球场上被雷击的一个事例，后文讲闪电来临之时最安全的地方是汽车里，因此要填的句子应该是讲在高尔夫球场不安全。
5．F 前文讲Harold因为雷击丧失了感受温度的能力，F选项中关于他再也不怕冬天的寒冷的描述符合要求。
补全短文+第十三篇 Affectionate Androids
Computers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to dawn1. And it won’t be long before we will see realistic cyber companions, complete with skin, dexterity, and intelligence. They will be programmed to tend to your every need.
Will we ever want to marry robots Artificial intelligence researcher David Levy has published a book claiming human-robot relationships will become popular in the next few decades. ____1____
Will humans really be able to form deep emotional attachments to machines It will, in fact, be relatively easy to form these strong attachments because the human mind loves to anthropomorphize: to give human attributes to other creatures—even objects.
For example, researchers in San Diego recently put a small humanoid robot in with a toddler playgroup for several months. ____2____ The
children ended up treating it as a fellow toddler. When it lay down because its batteries were flat，the kids even covered it with a blanket.
In a few decades, when humanoid robots with plastic skin look and feel very real, will people want to form relationships with them What if the bots could hold a conversation And be programmed to be the perfect companions—soul mates, even ____3____ And like those toddlers in the experiment, they will be very accepting of them.
The next question, then, is whether there is anything wrong with having an emotional relationship with a machine. Even today there are people who form deep attachments to their pets and use them as substitutes for friends or even children. Few consider that unethical.
____4____ For those who always seem to end up marrying the wrong man or woman, a robotic Mr. or Ms. Right could be mighty tempting. As the father of artificial intelligence, Marvin Minsky, put it when asked about the ethics of lonely older people forming close relationships with robots: “If a robot had all the virtues of a person and was smarter and more understanding, why would the elderly bother talking to other grumpy old people”
A robot could be programmed to be as dumb or smart, as independent or subservient, as an owner desired. And that’s the big disadvantage. Having
the perfect robot partner will damage the ability to form equally deep human-human relationships. People will always seem imperfect in comparison. When you’re behaving badly, a good friend will tell you. ____5____ People in relationships have to learn to adapt to each other: to enjoy their common interests and to deal with their differences. It makes us richer, stronger, and wiser. A robot companion will be perfect at the start. However, there will be nothing to move the relationship to grow to greater heights.
词汇：
affectionate adj. 深情的
dexterity n. 灵巧，敏捷
anthropomorphize v. 赋于人性，人格化
grumpy adj. 脾气暴躁的
cyber adj. 计算机的
tend v. 照料
bot n. 机器人
subservient adj. 屈从的，奉承的
注释：
1．Computers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to dawn：计算机技术已经足够成熟，能够支持人形机器人的诞生和普及，进入人形机器
人的时代。
练习：
A It’s easier to have a robot companion instead of a human friend.
B But a sophisticated robot will probably be even more attractive.
C And if you want to go ahead and tie the knot with your special
electronic friend，Levy said that such marriages will be socially
acceptable by around 2050.
D However, few owners will program their robots to point out their flaws.
E Maybe your generation could resist, but eventually there will be a generation of people who grow up with humanoid robots as a normal part of life.
F The bot knew each child because it was programmed with face and voice recognition，and it giggled when tickled.
答案与题解：
1．C 前文讲到David在书中认为人与机器人的关系在几十年后将变得普遍，因此接
下来应该继续讲这种普遍性是怎样的。
2．F 前文讲在圣地亚哥的一个实验，研究人员将机器人放在儿童游乐园里，要填的
句子应该是介绍这个机器人。
3．E 前文提了几个问题，是关于我们对人与机器人关系的看法，而后文讲“他们”
会乐于接受，因此要填的句子应该是两类人的对比。E项讲我们这一代人可能会反
对，但下一代人就不一定了，符合意思。
4．B 前文讲有人和宠物发展深厚关系，后面讲的是与机器人发展深厚关系的吸引人之处，因此这里应该讲机器人做伴侣的好处。
5．D 前文讲好朋友会在你犯错的时候指出来，这里应该是表示对比——机器人不会这么做。
理工类职称英语新增标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】 【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】 第八篇What Is a Dream For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however， think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person’s mind and emotions. Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way. The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person’s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life. 1 The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by
2020年职称英语新增文章：教材理工类第六篇 第六篇 The Apgar Test The baby was bom at 3：36 p. m. At 3：37，she scored 4 out of 10 on her first test. At 3：41，she scored 8 out of 10. The doctor was glad. Another baby, bom at 8：24 p. m.，scored 3 out of 10 on his first test He scored 4 out of 10 on his second test. He took another test at 8：34 and scored 5. 1 He called for help1. These newborn babies took a test called the Apgar test. This test helps doctors diagnose problems. 2 Most babies take two tests. The first is at 1 minute after birth, and the second is at 5 minutes after birth. If a baby’s score at 5 minutes is less than 6，the baby takes another test at 10 minutes after birth. The Apgar t est is not an intelligence test. It’s a test that shows a baby’s health right after it is bom. The Apgar test measures things such as a baby’s color, heart rate, and breathing. The test has five parts, and the score for each part can be 0，1，or 2. 3
2015年职称英语理工类B级考试真题 第一部分：词汇选项 1.The organization was bold enough to face the press. A.pleased B.powerful C.brave D.sensible 参考答案：C 2.I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A.accept B.control C.observe D.regulate 参考答案：A 3.I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A.limit B.fear C.power D.fool 参考答案：B 4.Most people find rejection hard to accept. A.excuse B.client C.destiny D.refusal 参考答案：D 5.She's extremely competent and industrious. A.hardworking B.honest C.objective D.independent 参考答案：A 6.The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A.hide B.handle C.disclose D.establish 参考答案：C 7.He tried to assemble his thoughts. A.clear B.share C.gather D.spare 参考答案：C
8.The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A.message B.punishment C.guilt D.obligation 参考答案：B 9.Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A.flexible B.terrible C.reasonable D.serious 参考答案：B 10.These products are inferior to those we brought last year. A.poorer than B.narrower than https://www.doczj.com/doc/4a3641621.html,rger than D.richer than 参考答案：A 11.The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly. A.improved B.changed C.worsened D.developed 参考答案：C 12.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. A.coexisting B.fair C.full D.pubic 参考答案：A 13.They're petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport. A.requesting B.planning C.preparing D.looking 参考答案：A 14.He said some harsh words about his brother. A.unkind B.proper C.normal D.unclear 参考答案：A 15.We were attracted by the lure of quick money. A.amount
阅读理解：第三篇Cooking Oil Fumes Tumor C级 The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking ,said medical experts after a five-year research study . Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger, especially women. According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else .Following breast cancer ,it has the second-highest incidence rate. “An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer ,” said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center. He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them, 1,483 were male. Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report. However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat. About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women’s bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchens. However , local women were adjacent to then cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer .come claimed they may change food preparation methods. “Unless my family and I don/t eat at home every day , I must stay in the kitchen to cook,” said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman. “I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less.” Doctors said women’s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems. Other experts agreed with He. “Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,” said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University’s Medical College. “It’s true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.” He’s research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used. The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said. 练习： 1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers? D A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women. B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men. C Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males. D Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females. 2. Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai? B A Heart disease. B Breast cancer. C Infectious diseases. D Lung cancer. 3. What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term, close contact with cooking oil fumes? A
职称英语理工类B级阅读理解真题及答案(第三篇) 第4部分：阅读理解（第31——45题，每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个选项。 第三篇 Can You Hear This? When something creates a sound wave in a room or anauditorium, listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They alsohear the reflections as the sound bounces off thewalls. floor, and ceiling. These are called the reflected wave or reverberant(反射)sound, which can be heard evenafter the sound is no longer coming from the source. The reverberation time of an auditorium isdetermined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium. It is alsodetermined by how well or how poorly the walls, ceiling, floor, and contents ofthe room (including the people) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time,because each use of an auditorium calls for different reverberation. Speechneeds to be understood clearly; therefore rooms used for talking must have ashort reverberation time. The full-sound performance of music such ad Wagneroperas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time. The light,rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewherebetween. Acoustic problems often are caused by poorauditorium design. Smooth, curved reflecting surfaces create large reflections.Parallel (平行的）wallsreflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid, repetitive pulsing https://www.doczj.com/doc/4a3641621.html,rge pillars (柱）and comerscan cause acoustic shadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object.Some of these
写在最前面的关于30分题+15分 1. +表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章，考哪一级就看哪一级的内容，别的级别的题目完全不用看。 2. 每个级别新增阅读理解2篇完型填空2篇（今年以前完形填空只新增一篇），考试的时候，这两篇阅读理解必考一篇，文章完全一样，但是问题及答案不一定完全一样，所以仅仅记住答案是不可靠的，一定要结合后面的翻译把这篇文章看懂。那么这里5道题目15分必定能拿到。 然后完型填空，先说今年以前，只新增一篇完型填空，这篇完型填空必考，只是留空的位置不会完全一样，大约有40%左右的留空位置是一样，所以光背答案是没得用的，一定要把文章看熟。当然今年由于每个级别新增了2篇完型填空，那么考试的时候肯定也是2选1考一篇。这里15道题15分也很容易能拿到。 3. 词汇有15道题，替换同义词，找本字典翻翻，这15分也不难，至少12分能拿到吧。其他的题能拿多少分就看各位的英语底子了。做最坏的打算，剩下的题目还有55分，按瞎蒙25%的概率能拿到13.75分，加上前面的45分大约也有58分左右，所以要完全靠瞎蒙的朋友考试前多扶扶老奶奶过马路，多积累点人品吧。 4. 以上只是投机取巧的方法，各位有时间的话还是花点时间复习下，但是考前一定要把新增的题目掌握好，就算英语
底子好的朋友也起码可以节约不少考试时间。 5. 本人职称英语A\B\C级都是这样考过的，每年的规律都是一样的。从客观角度说，每年的职称英语考试书都不便宜，新增的内容也不多，如果新增的东西里面没有价值，那么那本书还有谁买？那本书可是考试中心出的，亲！ 最后，祝大家考试顺利！
2012年职称英语理工类 新增文章 阅读理解（6篇）……………………3页 第六篇 Making Light of1 Sleep 第十九篇 Graphene's Superstrength1 *第三＋八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan *第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety +第四＋五篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety +第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers" 完形填空（6篇）……………………20页 第三篇 Germs on Banknotes 第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness *第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities *第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk +第十三篇 Solar Power without Solar Cells +第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage 注： 1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章； 2、阅读理解，请参见第3页；完形填空，请参见第20页； 3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化。
2016年全国职称英语考试必过技巧 1、试题概况及答题顺序 1.1、必杀技：见下表中“答题顺序”： 1.2、详解 1.2.1、词汇、阅读理解、完型填空所占分值最高（合计高达75分），放到前面来做，避免万一时间不够，可以确保先抓住大部分分数。 1.2.2、词汇、阅读理解、完型填空都是部分来自教材，放到前面来做，记忆比较深刻，答题成功率较高。 1.2.3、阅读判断放到最后，是因为本题根据经验蒙答案（具体方法后面详述）成功率可拿到全部7分中的3分，这样可以腾出时间给需要查词典即可稳拿分数的词汇题，所以阅读判断的答题时间只有1分钟。 2、词汇（1分/题*15=15分） 2.1、必杀技： 2.1.1、准备一本正式出版的英语同义词词典，推荐牛津出版社出版，外研社翻译出版的《牛津英语同义词词典》。 2.1.2、教材练习不用做，把答案勾画出来，只需记住其中题目划线部分或者答案是词组的，其余不用看。 2.1.3、考试时看到有教材中的词组题则直接答上，其余的查词典。 2.2、详解： 2.2.1、职称英语考试允许带一本正式出版的，并非针对职称英语考试而编写的词典。而本题考核内容就是同义词（词组），显然使用同义词典效率更高。 2.2.2、词组记忆相对容易而查词典找同义词组相对较困难，又因试题来自教
材练习4-9题，所以必须记住教材中的词组题。教材词汇练习一共100题，其中有词组的也就20个左右，记住绝对没有困难； 2.2.3、因职称英语词汇数量有限，直接查同义词词典，一般前三个义项就会有答案。 3、阅读理解（3分/题*15题=45分） 3.1、必杀技： 3.1.1、熟记教材文章练习题的正确答案，重点掌握去年教材上没有的新增文章，考试时先找教材上的文章，做出来。 3.1.2、其他文章，先作考试题目中有人名、地名、国家名、数字、年代等专有名词的题。 3.1.3、勾画出考试题目中的关键词（一般是名词，不必认识它也不必查词典），然后到文章中找一样的关键词定位。 3.1.4、定位关键词后，对比文章中关键词附近的词或词组，与答案选项中词或者词组重合的最多的即为正确答案。（就像玩拼图游戏，考察你的眼力！ˇ?ˇ） 3.1.5、如果你无法定位关键词，则： 3.1.5.1、如有选项为“以上X项皆是”，即为正确答案， 3.1.5.2、看四个答案选项中有无大部分相似的。如有，若意思完全相反的其中一个必是答案；若意思并非相反的则较长选项为答案，如没有大部分相似的，则最长的选项为答案。 3.1.6、如果考试题目是针对文章中的某个单词的意思，那么就相当于是一个词汇题，则同义词词典又派上用场了！ 3.1.7如果考试题目是问文章主旨（如作者的观点，替换文章标题等）的，则需要细读文章题目，每段第一句和文章最后一句，并大致搞清意思。然后选择意思最接近的一项答案。 3.2、详解： 3.2.1、考题共3篇文章，其中1篇（5个题占15分）来自教材。根据历年经验，教材新增文章作为考题的概率较大。所以熟记教材上所有文章（以教材新增文章为重点）的练习题答案，即可保证稳拿15分！注意：因为考试会把ABCD4个答案选项次序打乱，所以不要只记正确答案的ABCD编号，而要记住正确答案
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4a3641621.html,/ .375. School Lunch Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat properly in the middle of the day.In Britain schools have to provide meals at lunchtime.Children can choose to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen. One shocking finding of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents.There are strict standards for the preparation of school meals,which have to include one portion of fruit and one of vegetables,as well as meat,a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta.Lunchboxes examined by researchers contained sweet drinks,crisps and chocolate bars.Children consume twice as much sugar as they should at lunch time. The research will provide a better understanding of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has increased in the last decade.Unfortunately,the government cannot criticise parents,but it can remind them of the nutritional value of milk,fruit and vegetables.Small changes in their children’s diet can_affect their future health.Children can easily develop bad eating_habits at this age,and parents are the only ones who can prevent it.A Powerful Influence There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference1to our lives.Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet,hardly ever doing anything else in their spare time.Naturally,parents are curious to find out why the Internet is so attractive,and they want to know if it can be harmful for their children.Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time staring at their computers? Obviously,if children are bent over their computers for hours,absorbed in some game,instead of doing their homework,then something is wrong.Parents and children could decide how much use the child should_make of the Internet,and the child should give his or her word that it won’t interfere with homework.If the child is not holding to this arrangement,the parent can take more drastic steps dealing with a child’s use of the Internet is not much different from negotiating any other sort of bargain about behaviour.Any parent who is_seriously alarmed about a child’s behaviour should make an appointment to discuss the matter with a teacher.Spending time in front of the screen does not necessarily affect a child’s performance at school.Even if a child is absolutely crazy about using the Internet,he or she is probably just going through a phase,and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!The Old Gate In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them.This was partly for defensive reasons but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable,like people with contagious diseases.The Old City of London gates were all demolished by the end of the 18th century.The last of London’s gates was removed a century ago,but by a stroke of luck,it was never destroyed. This gate is,in actual fact,not called a gate at all;its name is Temple Bar,and it marked the boundary between the Old City of London and Westminster.In 1878the Council of London took the Bar down,numbered the stones and put the gate in storage because its design was unfashionable it was expensive to maintain and it was blocking the traffic. The Temple Bar Trust was set up in the 1970’s with the intention of returning the gate home.The aim of the Trust is the preservation of the nation’s architectural heritage.Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it down,stone by stone,removing and rebuilding it near St Paul’s Cathedral.Most of the facade of the gate will probably be replaced,though there is a good chance that the basic structure will be sound.The hardest job of all,however,will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.Family History In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before,many people are being attracted to the idea of looking back into the past.One way they can do this is by investigating their own family history.They can try to find out more about where their families came from and what they did.This is now a fast-growing hobby,especially in countries with a fairly short history,like Australia and the United States. It is one thing to spend some time going through a book on family history and to take the decision to investigate your own family’s past.It is quite another to carry out the research work successfully.It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and_cause yourself many problems which could have been avoided with a little forward planning. If your own family stories tell you that you are connected with a famous character,whether hero or criminal,do not let this idea take over your research.Just treat it as an interesting possibility.A simple system for collecting and storing your information will be adequate to start with;a more complex one may only get in your way.The most important thing,though,is to get started.Who knows what you might find? Helen and Martin With a thoughtful sigh,Helen turned away from the window and walked back to her favourite armchair.Would her brother never arrive?For a brief moment,she wondered if she really cared that much. Over the years Helen had given up waiting for Martin to take an interest in her.Her feelings for him had gradually weakened until now,as she sat waiting for him,she experienced no more than a sister’s curiosity to see what had become of her brother. Almost without warning,Martin had lost his job with a busy publishing company after spending the last eight years in New York as a key figure in the US office.Somehow the two of them hadn’t bothered to keep in touch and,left alone,Helen had slowly found
2012年职称英语理工类 新增文章 阅读理解（6篇） 第六篇Making Light of1 Sleep 第十九篇Graphene's Superstrength1 *第三＋八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan *第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety +第四＋五篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety +第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers" 注： 1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章 2、阅读理解 3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化 阅读理解 第六篇Making Light of1 Sleep All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock，your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control when you wake，when you eat and when you sleep. Somewhere around puberty，something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward，so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed，your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later. This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems，too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6when they don't get enough sleep，says Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence，RI7 .It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn. But just like your alarm clock，your internal clock can be reset. In fact，it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes. Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years，researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock8were handled through the same pathways that we use to see. But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing