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常用地质学英语词汇

常用地质学英语词汇
常用地质学英语词汇

2。GEOLOGY地质

2.1 LITHOLOGYCASSIFICATIONAND DESCRIPTION

ORDER

岩性分类与描述顺序

2.1.1 Rock Types 岩石类型

Sedi Sedimentry 沉积岩

clasclastic碎屑岩sssandstone砂岩

mdst mudstone泥岩

sh shale 页岩

clyst, clst claystone粘土岩

sd sand 砂

mSsd medium sandstone 中砂岩

fsst fine sandstone细砂岩

bldr boulder 卵石

pbl pebble卵石

grlgravel 砾石cglconglomerate砾岩

gywkgraywacke 硬砂岩cbl cobble大鹅卵石

ark arkose 长石砂岩grnl granule 粒砂brec breccic 角砾岩

biocbioclastic 生物碎屑岩

vcrs sst very coarse sandstone极粗砂岩

argl argillite泥板岩gyp gypsum 石膏

anhy anhydrite 硬石膏

slt salt盐岩

flint—lingite隧石

carbonate 碳酸盐岩ls limestone 灰岩,石灰岩dolodolomite 白云石

dolst dolostone 白云岩

mrlsmarlstone泥灰石

coq coquina贝壳灰岩

biosp biosparte生物亮晶灰岩

biomi biomicrite生物微晶灰岩

clcar calcarenite 灰屑岩,钙屑灰岩clcltcalcilutite 泥屑石灰岩

micrmicrite微晶灰岩

clcrdcalcirudite 砾屑石灰岩

clslt calcisilitit e 粉砂屑石灰岩

grst grainstone 粒状灰岩

ooliticlimestone 鲕状灰岩

Igneous Rock 火成岩

intrusive igneous侵入岩

extrusive igneous 喷出岩

volccolcanic火山岩grtgranite 花岗岩

dr diorite 闪长岩grdrgrano diorite 花岗闪长岩qudr quartz diorite 石英闪长岩drpo diorite porphyrite闪长玢岩

syenite 正长岩

gab, g b gabbro辉长岩

qu po quartz porphyrite 石英玢岩

an andesite 安山岩

bas basalt玄武岩

arag aragonite 纹石,霞石

Meta Metsmorphic rock变质岩

phyl phyllite 千枚岩

slslate板岩

schschist 片岩

mbl marble大理岩

gne gneiss 片麻岩

qtztquartzite 石英岩

novacnovaculite 致密石英岩

2.1.2 COLColor,Colour

颜色

blkblack 黑色brn brown棕色

yel yellow 黄色

gy, grygrey 灰色

or orange 橙色,桔色

blblue 蓝色

gn, grngreen绿色

wi, wht white 白色pnkpink粉红色

pl purple紫色

lav lavender浅紫色,淡紫色

bfbuff 浅黄色

tn tan 棕黄色

choc chocolate 褐色

ochochve 褐色,黄褐色

olv olive橄榄色

crmcream 奶油色

mottmotted 杂色,斑点

voclvaricoloree杂色得

amb amber 琥珀色

lt light淡得

dk, drk dark 暗得cc color code 颜色代码

2.1.3 Hardness 硬度

VHD very har d 非常硬

MHD middle hard 中硬

H hard 硬

SFTsoft 软

VSFTvery soft 非常软

2.1.4 Roundness 磨圆

sharp angular尖棱状

angle angular 棱角状

subangle subangular 次棱角状

subrnd subround 次圆状

rnd round 圆状

wellround磨圆好

2.1.5 Grain Size Terminology颗

粒大小术语

(see app. Table) (见附表)

2.1.6 Sorting分

go good好

f fair一般

md medium中等

pr poor 差

c coarsely 粗造

2.1.7 Cementation

胶结,胶结物

cp compact 胶结致密

dns dense 胶结密实wellwell 胶结好

lse loose胶结疏松

sdyare sandy arenaceous 砂质

sdy sandy砂质

mdy are mudyargillaceous 泥质

ethyearthy泥质

cly clay粘土质

cal, calc calcarous 钙质

si siliceous 硅质lim limy 灰质

kao kaolin 高岭土质

carb carbonaceous 碳质得qtzc quartzitic 石英质

quartzizose 石英质得

nacnacreous 珍珠质

2.1.8 Accessoriesof Rock岩石

得次要成分

min mineral 矿物

accessary mineral次生矿物

qz, qtzquartz 石英mic,mica micaceous云母musc muscovite 白云母

biot biotite 黑云母

srct sericite绢云母

fldfeldspar 长石

orth orthpclase 正长石

plag plagioclase斜长石

gabgabbro 辉长石

pypyrite 黄铁矿

lmt limonite 褐铁矿mag magnetite 磁铁矿

calc calcite方解石dol dolomite 白云石gyp gypsum石膏

anhy anhydite 无水石膏

sa salt盐

asph asphalt 沥青

bit bitumen沥青

gilgilsomite天然沥青

flnt flint 黑燧石,电石

cht chert 黑硅石

chk chalk 白垩fos fossils 化石micfo microfossil 微化石

macfo macrofossil 大化石

pl fos plant fossil 植物化石

vrtbvertebrate 脊椎动物

ancient life 古生物

fau fauna动物群floflora植物群spo, spr spore 孢子,孢粉tritrilobite 三叶虫

corcoral 珊瑚

shlshell贝壳

amm ammonite 菊石

algalgae藻类

diat diatoms硅藻char charophyte轮藻

grap graptolit e 笔石类

ost ostracod介形虫(节肢动物)

para paraparchites 介形虫

cono conodont牙形虫

crincrinoid海百合

TentTentaculities竹节石属

moll mollusc 软体动物

EchEchinoid 海胆类(棘皮动物)

Bry Bryozoa苔藓动物门

Ceph Cephalipod 头足纲(软体类)

BelmBelmnifera箭石属(头足类)

Brach Brachinopoda 腕足类(动物门)

Cyp Cypridopsis 斗星介属(介形类)

foram foraminifera 有孔虫类Endo Endothgra 内卷虫属(有孔虫类)

Glob Globigerina 抱球虫属(有孔虫类)

Gast Gasttropod 腹足纲(软体动物)

Fus Fusulinicl纺锤蜓

2.1.9 DepositionalDistinguishing Feature 沉

积识别特征

sedimentarystructur e 沉积构造

bddbeded层状得

bndd banded层状得

ban d ban d 夹层

xlam crosslaminated 交错层理

xbddcrossbeded 交错层

intbdd interbeded互层得,夹层得

crnk crinkled 褶皱

contcontact接触,界面

unconf unconformity不整合

conf conformity 整合

crevcreviv e 裂隙

conc concretion结核,含有物

nod nodules结核、团块

vesvesicular 多孔状

lumpy lumpy块状

conch conchoidal 贝壳状

gran granular 颗粒状slky silky 丝状

gl glassy 玻璃状

fib fibrous 纤维状

glblr globular 球状

xl crystal 结晶

xln crystalline 结晶体

2.1.10 Others

其它

porosity 孔隙度

gd goo d 15%好

fair 10~15%中等

poor5~10% 较差

traceless 5% 微小

fissibity 解理,可劈性

clvg clesvage 解理,劈理

crystal or grain size 晶体形状与颗粒大小

texture结构lstrlustre光泽

silky丝绢光泽

swelling properties膨胀度,膨胀性

solubiling 吸水性

accessory mineral次生矿

2.1.11 Examinationfor HydrocarbonShows 油

气显示鉴定

hydrocarbon indication油气显示

oil show description 油气显示描述

fluorescence observation 荧光观察

dirfluo direct fluorescence 湿照

samplefluorescence干照

cutfluo cutting fluorescence 滴照

solvent fluorescence 浸泡照射

nofluo no fluorescence无荧光显示

micro trace显示相当微弱

trace

微弱

present 有,中等

important 强

very important很强

bribright明亮

2.2THE EXAMPLES OFLITHOLOGYDESCRIP TION

岩性描述范例

2.2、1Noncarbonate , clastic 非碳酸盐岩,碎屑岩

Ifthe representative samples from the siever havebeen selectedand thepercentage of thevarious constituentsha ve been estimated, thenthelogical order of thesample descri ptionis:

如果从筛子中已选出具有代表性得岩样,而且该岩样得各组份含量已估计出,那么该岩样得描述顺序则为:

1, ROCKTYPE 岩性,岩石类别

2, COLOR 颜色

3, HARDNESS 硬度(硬化作用)

Thecommon adjectivesdescribinginduratio nare:

硬化作用一般得形容描述内容就是:

densehard medium-hard soft spongy

密集得,硬得,中等坚硬,软得,多孔得

friablepact brittle slatey

松散得致密得脆得板状得

4,GRAIN SIZE颗粒大小seeto figure2,1。5 (见图表2,1,5)

5, GRAINSHAPE颗粒形状

Theonly five generalclasses areconsidered and definedasfollowing:

唯一可考虑得五种一般类别为:

sharp angularsubangular rounded wellrounded

尖棱状棱角状次棱角状磨圆状好得磨圆状

6, SORTING分选作用7,LUSTER 光泽Themon usedterms of theluster are: 关于光泽一般常使用得词组有:

coatedpittedfrosteddeeply etched f rostysilky

覆盖物坑状物霜状表面深度侵蚀霜状得丝绢光泽

oily vitreousglassy shiny translucen tearthy

油脂光泽透明得玻璃得发亮得半透明得泥土状

waxysootyvelety soapy resinous 蜡状得乌黑色天鹅绒状肥皂状树脂状

8,CEMENTATION胶结,胶结物

calcitedolomitesulfates ironoxides silica pyrite clays silts

方解石白云石硫酸盐氧化铁硅质黄铁矿粘土粉砂

siderite

菱铁矿

9, STRUCTURE 构造

Thestructure of sandstonerefers to: 砂岩得构造一般就是指:

laminations fracturesfractures patternsban dingnodular

纹理裂缝裂缝形式条纹结核状

Themon structures ofshales and siltstoneare: 页岩与粉砂岩得构造就是指:

massive lumpy platy laminated foliated fissile

块状团块状纹层状薄片状裂片状

splintery flakey

10,ACCESSORIES次生矿物

The mon butminor constituents ofsandstones are:

常见得砂岩微量次生矿物有:

biotite muscoviteglauconitepyrite b aritesiderite chert

黑云母白云母海绿石黄铁矿重晶石菱铁矿黑隧石

coals solid hydrocarbonsfossils

煤固态烃化石

11, INCLUSIONS夹杂物

gypsum anhydrite chert iron oxides noduies pellets ofbarite

石膏无水石膏黑隧石氧化铁结核体重晶石球

pyrite mud oolitescoal concretionary materials

黄铁矿泥浆鲕状岩煤固结材料

2、2。2Carbonate碳酸盐岩

Afterthe lithology of the sampleshave been selected, the description of the carbonate can be do inthe following order:

岩样岩性选择好后,碳酸盐岩得描述可依以下顺序进行:

1, COLOR颜色

The normal colors of limestones anddolomites are: gray, wh ite,buff, brown

石灰岩与白云岩得正常颜色就是:灰色,白色,浅黄色,棕色

2, GRAIN SIZE颗粒大小

3, CHARACTOR OF GRAINS 颗粒特征

Fragments can be described in the same as sand grai ns:碎屑可与砂岩一样进行描述

sharpangular subangular rounded globular spheroidal

尖棱角棱角状次棱角状圆状球形扁球形

Oolites may be classed as: spheroidal, spherical, e lliptical, irregular,flattened

鲕粒可分类为:扁球形,球形,椭圆状,不规则状,拉平状4, TEXTURE 结构

see to thefigure 2。3.4 (参见表2、3。4)

5, STRUCTURES 构造

The structurefeature ofcarbonateinclude:碳酸盐岩构造特征包括:

stylolites fractures microfractures laminae band ing crinkling

柱状构造裂缝构造微裂缝构造纹层状带状波状

concretions whorls brecciation

结核状环状角砾状

6, INCOUSIOUS 夹杂物

2。2、3 Hydrocarbon Show Description 油气显示描述

Hydrocarbonshow description should be written in the follo wingorder:

油气显示得描述应按以下顺序来写:

1, free oil inmud泥浆中得游离油2, odor 油味,气味

3,visible staining-color and percentage 可视染色情况:颜色与所占百分比

4, fluorescence: rate, color,intensity andpercentage

荧光显示情况:级别,颜色,强度与百分比5, cut: rate, color,intensity and naturalcolor

泡荧光情况:级别,颜色,强度与自然颜色2。2、4Examples描述范例

Sst: at 3185m.gy-wh. v hd 、70%cse gr . 20%m gr。10% fgr。Subrnd—rnd

iregshaped ctgs。Tr calc, nofoss、No vispor。Nofluo

砂岩:井深:3185米,灰色—白色,含70%得粗砂,20%得中砂,10%得细砂、

次圆—圆状,岩屑形状不规则,微含方解石。无化石、无可见孔隙。无荧光Ls: at4255m、wh—gy。M hd。iregshaped ctgs。90%of ctgs show vdri— yel/

gld fluo。Abnt free oilin mud as globs 2mm in dia

石灰岩: 井深:4255米, 白色-灰色,中硬。岩屑形状不规则。荧光灯下90%

得岩屑呈现亮黄--金黄色、泥浆中富含游离油, 油花直径为2毫米。2。2、5Termsand Phases in Discussion of LithologyDescr iption

岩性描述讨论中使用得术语

standard log form 标准录井格式

the standard welllog 标准录井图

the conventional strip log常规条状录井图

stratigraphiccolumnsection岩层柱状剖面图

cross section横剖面图

vertical scale 垂直比例

expended scales扩展比例

symbols , legends岩性符号,图例

lithologic description 岩性描述basic geologic work 基本得地质工

writtendescription 手绘描述

rockexamination 岩石检验

rock analysis 岩石分析

rock and mineral identification岩石与矿物鉴定

routine examination 常规检验

test with dilute HCl 用稀释得盐酸检验

treatmentwith acid 与酸反应

dilute acid 稀释盐酸

dot dilutehydrochloricacid 稀释得热盐酸

th e effervescencetest起泡试验

degree of effervescence起泡程度degreeofreaction 反应程度

immediatelyand sharply 立即,剧烈

quickly快速得

slowly 慢得

acid polish,the etched surface溶蚀面

nature of residue残余物本质

the untreated rockfragment未反应得岩石碎片

insoluable residue非溶解残余物

lackofreaction withacid与酸不反应

the solublematrix 溶解性岩石骨架物质

hardness硬度

scratching therock fragment surface 划岩石随片表面

distinguishing differentlithic type 区分不同岩性类型

thin section examination 薄片检验

grain—matrix relationship 颗粒骨架关系

grain-cement relationship 颗粒胶结关系

methods oflogging 录井得方法

interpreativ e system 解释系统

different rock types 不同岩石类别

lithologiccharacteristics 岩性特征

drillingcutting 钻井岩屑

quality of samples 岩样得质量

percentage system 百分比系统

porosityestimates 孔隙度估计

scaning sample扫描岩样

lithologicbreaks 岩性中断

thestandard order of description 岩性描述得标准顺序

rockcompoents 岩石组份

grain size 颗粒大小

size grade粒级

shape of grain 颗粒形状

evidence ofwear 磨蚀痕迹

distribution of grains颗粒分布

detection and evaluation of porosity孔隙度得检测与评价

thevolume of the voidspace in the rock 岩

石中有效空间得体积

the capacity o f arockfor transmitting afluid 岩石传输流体得能力

effectiveporosity 有效孔隙度

qualitative estimatesofthepore size 孔隙大小得定量估计

sizeofvugs裂缝大小

the description ofhydrocarbon烃类得描述

a decision factor决定因素

obvious shows 明显显示

positiveindications o f hydrocarbons incuttings钻屑中烃类存在得正标志

strengthofodor 气味强度

oilodor, condensat e odor 油味,凝析油味

on a freshbroken surfac e 新鲜断面

oil-bearing rock fragments 含油岩碎片

examination of hydrocarbonfluorescence烃类物质荧光检测

mineralfluorescence 矿物荧光

hydrocarbon fluorescence 烃类荧光

theintensity range强度范围

oilfluorescence 含油荧光

extremelyweak 极弱

very weak 非常弱

weak,fair, strong 弱,一般,强

problemsininterpreting drilling cuttings 钻屑解释中存在得问题

truecuttings

真实岩屑

fresh cutting 新鲜岩屑

flaky shap e 块状

freshnessof appearance新鲜断面

cavings坍塌物

re-circulation 再循环物

other contaminations 其她污染物

lost circulation materials堵漏材料

obviously foreignmaterials 明显得外部物质

cementfragments 水泥碎片

rock dust 岩石粉尘

powdered rock粉末状岩石

sample lagcorrection error 岩屑迟后校正有误

foreign oil contamination 外部油品污染

pipe dope钻杆丝扣油

grease 润滑油

fueloil 燃料油

2。3 PETROLEUMGEOLOGY石油地质

2。3.1Applicationof GeologyConcepts 地质概念得应用

geologicalfactor地质因素

early exploration早期勘探

surfaceexploration 地面勘探

subsurface exploration 地下勘探

predrilling exploration 钻前勘探geophysical exploration地球物理勘探

geochemical exploration 地球化学勘探

seismograph 地震仪

theseismic method地震勘探法

thegravimeter method重力勘探法

themagnetometer 磁力勘探法

ERSAT Earth Resource Satellite 地球资源卫星

exploration application勘探应用

basin evaluation盆地评价wildcatwells 区域范围内预探井

2。3.2DepositionalEnvironment沉积环境

depositional basin 沉积盆地

sedimentaryenvironment 沉积环境

depositional environment沉积环境recentdepositionalenvironment 近代沉积环境

interpretation ofenvironment 环境解释

environment color环境颜色

post-depositionalhistory of the sediments 沉积物得后沉积历史

geological history地质历史

history ofdeposit 沉积历史depositionalsequence 沉积序列

geochemical environment地球化学环境

thesignificant indicatorsof environment of deposition沉积环境得明显标志

diagnostic fossile特征化石internalstructure of fossils 化

石得内部结构

sedimentarystructures沉积构造syngenetic structure 同生构造

pacting压实作用

cementation胶结作用

sorting分选作用

oxidation 氧化作用

continental aeolian陆相风成

deltaic 三角洲aeolian 风成三角洲alluvial 冲击三角洲

transitional deltaic 海陆过渡三角洲沉积相

coastal interdeltaic 三角洲滨海沉积相

deltaic plain 三角洲平原

prodeltaicplain前三角洲平原

marine海相沉积

normalmarine 正常海相slope大陆坡shelf 大陆架

offshore area 浅海地区

deepoceanareas深海地区

deep 深海

2、3。3 Geological Structures地质构造

earth movement 地壳运动

crustalmovement ofthe earth地壳运动

contour map 等高线图,构造图

thestructural arrangement 构造排列

old shoreline古岸线

pinchout地层尖灭

truncationof beds 地层截断

sand trend 砂层趋势strata/ beds 岩层,地层

fold 褶皱

anticline背斜

syncline 向斜symme trical anticline对称背斜plunging asymme trical anticline 不对称倾伏背斜

plunging syncline 倾伏向斜

fault断层normalfault正断层reversefault逆断层thrust fault逆掩断层

lateral fault平移断层

rotational fault旋转断层

upthrust fault 仰冲断层unconformity不整合discon conformity 假整合

angularunconformity角度不整合saltdome盐丘dome withdeep salt core 具有盐核得穹隆

vitrinite 镜质体

geological profile地质剖面

outcrops 露头unweatheredoutcrops未经风化得露头

cuttings岩屑

core岩心

2.3.4 Origin &Migration ofPetroleum 油气得成因与运移

a source of oil and gas油气源

sedimentary rocks沉积岩

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六. Abbreviation

168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 R/D R/I RCCP REV RMA RMA ROP RPN RTV S/N S/O SAI SCM SFC SIP SIS SMD SMT SOP SOR SPC SPEC SQM SWOT TE TOC TPI TPM TQA TQC TQM VQA VQM W/H W/O WHS WIP Research and Development Run-In Rough Cut Capacity Planning Revision Returned Merchandise Access Return Merchandise Approval(or Authorization Re-Order Point Risk Priority Number Return To Vendor Serial Number Sales Order Social Accountability International Supply Chain Management Shop Floor Control Standard Inspection Procedule Strategic Information System Surface Mounting Device Surface Mounting Technology Standard Operation Procedure Special Order Request Statistical Process Control Specification Supplier Quality Management Strengths、Weaknesses、Opportunities、 Threates test engineering Theory of Constraints Total Productive Innovation Total Production Management Total Quality Assurance Total Quality Control Total Quality Management Vender Quality Approval Vendor Quality Management Warehouse Work Order warehouse Work In Process 研發部常溫熱機(老

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