主谓一致
一.语法一致原则
主语和谓语通常要在语法形式上取得一致。即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也用单数形式，主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也用复数形式。
1.当and 或both and 连接两个或三个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Tom and Mike are good friends . Both Lucy and Lily are students .
2.不定代词either, neither, each one, the other, another anybody, everything,
nothing,no one, nobody,等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Is anything wrong with your bike ?
3.由each, each…and , each… every…and , every…作主语时，谓语动词用单数形
式。
Each boy and each girl was given a new book .
4.主语后面接有with,along with ,together with , as well as , no less than ,more
than , including , besides, like , except , but 等词或短语时，谓语动词的数由主语的单复数决定。
Mr Green with his wife and his two daughters is coming to Beijing .
5. a number of +名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The number of +名词
复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
A number of trees are cut down . the number of students in our class is 32.
6. a lot of ,lots of, plenty of, a pile of ,piles of , most of后加名词，分数或百分数+
名词，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词，如果名词是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式，如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。
Lots of people have been there .
7. 由a pair (a kind , a series …)+of +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，pairs (kinds …)+of+复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。
A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table .
8. 某些只有复数形式的名词如clothes , trousers , shorts , pants , shoes , gloves …
作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
My shoes were worn out
9. 以S结尾的词本身不表达复数意思，谓语动词用单数news ,maths , physics , politics 等，
No news is good news.
10. the +姓氏名词复数表示一家人，或…..夫妇，当它作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
The Blacks enjoy working in China .
11. 非谓语动词作主语谓语动词用单数形式。Reading is learning . to see is to believe .
12. one of +名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
One of the women is from America .
二．意义一致原则。
意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念。
1.由and 连接的两个名词作主语，如果是指的同一概念（即and 后面无关词），
则谓语动词用单数形式。The teacher and writer is coming to give us a talk next week.
2.表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词或词组作主语时，一般被看作一个
整体谓语动词用单数。Three year is a long time .
3.集体名词如family, team. Crowd, company, class, group, government ,nation, 等
如果表示整体概念则谓语动词用单数形式，如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。
My family is a small one with three people . All my family enjoy skiing .
4.people , police , cattle 等集合名词作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
The police are helping a girl find her mother .
5.表示国家，城市，人名，报纸杂志，组织机构等专有名词作主语，通常作
整体看待，谓语动词要用单数形式。
The New York Times is read by all over the USA.
6.有些以sh, ese,iss 结尾的表示国家民族的形容词与the 连用，指整个民族，
表示复数含义，谓语动词用复数。
The Chinese are kind friendly .
7.town, city , country , school , village 等表示总称的镇民时，作主语，谓语动词
用单数。
The whole town is talking about it .
8.算式中加法和乘法可用单数，也可用复数，但减法和除法必须用单数。
What is /are three times five ? Ten minus five is five .
9.one and a half 的后面要接复数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
One and a half cakes is a good meal for the monkey .
10.主语由many a +名词，more than one +名词, 谓语动词用单数。
More than one worker is playing cards . Many a student has passed the exam .
11.引号中的词若为整体看待，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
“bikes” is the plural” of the bike”“ they” is a pronoun .
12.某些形容词加上the 如old ,young , dead , poor ,rich , sick ,blind ,deaf 等，用来
表示一类人，其意义为复数，谓语动词常用复数形式。The old are taken care of .
13.当表示一两个的词组做句子主语时，谓语动词的变化如下。
（1）当a/an+名词单数+or two 做句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
An apple or two is enough .
(2) one or two +复数名词作主语谓语动词用复数形式。
One or two girls have come here .
14.两个或两个以上的单数名词用and 连接起来做主语时，谓语动词有以下三种
情况。
(1) 当两个并列主语不是同一事物时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The boy and the girl are from Japan .
(2) 当两个名词指的是同一人同一物同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式。
The singer and dance has been invited to the party .
(3)当这两个词分别被each , every , no , many a 等词修饰时，谓语动词用
单数。
Every teacher and every student needs a dictionary .
15.none ，all, most ,,more, some ,any , 等做主语时，要根据这些代词表达的意思
再决定谓语动词的单复数，若指不可数名词或可数名词单数谓语动词用单数，若指的是可数名词复数，谓语动词复数。
All of the work has been finished . all of the people have gone .
16.疑问代词作主语时，谓语动词也有两种情况，主语表示复数意义，谓语动词
用复数，主语表示单数，谓语动词用单数。
Who is your brother ? who are league members ?
17.half , the rest 等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数含义，谓语
动词用复数，如果所指为单数含义谓语动词用单数。
I have a large part of the book , the rest is more difficult .
Only ten students attended the class ,because all the rest were off sick .
18.由what 引导的主语从句时，通常谓语动词用单数，但如果所指内容为复数
意义时，谓语动词用复数。
What she said is correct . what she left me are a few old books .
19.定语从句中的谓语动词由先行词来决定。
Who is the boy that is playing football .
I want to read all the books that were written by luxun .
三. 就近原则。
有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致，而是与靠近它的名词一致。
1.由either…or …, neither….nor …, not only …but also…,not …but …,或or 连接
连个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在数上保持一致。
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle .
2.there be …和here be …这两个句式中的动词be 常与最近的主语保持一致。
There is a book and some pens on the desk .
倒装句
英语句子的基本语序是比较固定的，一般主语在前，谓语在后。但有时因为语法结构的要求或由于修辞的要求，往往要改变句子的自然顺序，把一些本应置于主语之后的成分提前，我们称这种语序为倒装语序。倒装语序又分为全部（完全）倒装和部分倒装。
A全部倒装
1.表示方位的副词Out, up ,down, in ,away置于句首时。
Out rushed the children.
注意;当主语是人称代词时，句子的语序不倒装。
2.表示方位的介词短语置于句首时。
In front of the school is the hospital.
注意：介词短语在倒装句中要整体前移，不能拆开。
3.以here ,there 等副词开头的句子里，
Here comes the bus .
注意：以here ,there 等副词开头的句子里，谓语动词常为：be, come, go 等，时态为一般现在时，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。
Here they are.常考点：
Here/there +谓语动词+名词主语
Here/ there comes a bus .
There goes the bell.
Here/there we are
B部分倒装如果只把助动词，情态动词，be动词放在主语之前，这种语序称为部分倒装
1.否定副词never, hardly seldom little,not 等置于句首时。
Hardly could he believe his own eyes.
2.only+状语置于句首时
only in this way can you learn English well.
3.So+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语，如so do I . 我也如此
4.Neither +助动词be 动词/情态动词+主语，如neither do I . 我也不会
这两个结构常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物，意思是某人/物也是这样。这种结构中的助动词be 动词/情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致，而且单复数由后面的主语决定，
Lucy is a good student, so is Lily .
这两种结构的不同点是
So+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语，依附于肯定句中，表示前边的肯定情况也适用后边的人或情况，意为某人也……相当于I do ,too .
Neither +助动词be 动词/情态动词+主语，依附于否定句，表示前边的否定情
况也适合后边的人或情况。意为某人也不……相当于I don’t ,either.
Tom watched TV last night , so did Ann .
Mary didn’t watch TV last night , neither did Jim .
5.not only but also 连接并列句子，前一部分倒装后一部分不倒装。
not only does he learn to speak English but also he learns to write in English .
注意：如果置于句首的not only but also 连接两个并列主语，则句子不用倒装结构
Not only he but also I like football..
6.there be 句型。
there be 句型是表示存在的一个句型，是一个主语在be 动词后面的倒装句。
There is a tree in front of the building .
.
there be
表示某地某时存在某人某物There be +某人/某物+某地/某时
①There be结构的主语
a, There be结构的there 是引导词，无实义，其主语是be 后的名词或名词短语。且名词或名词短语通常用不确定的限定词，如a ,no , all 等修饰。也不用确定的限定词the ,this ,that ,these ,those 等修饰。
b. There be结构的主语不能是人称代词，专有名词及被物主代词或名次所有格修饰的名词。
误：There is China in the east of the world . there are their books on the desk . There are they under tree .
c.若要说明被限定的某人某物在某处时，常用某人某物+be +地点Tom is in the room .
②There be结构的谓语
a, There be结构的谓语是be ，它在人称数上应和后面的主语即名词保持一致，即主语是不可数名词或可数名词单数时用is /was ,主语是复数时用are /were .主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，be的形式采取临近原则，即与离它最近的主语的数保持一致。
There is a picture on the wall . there is an orange and apples in the basket .
b, There be结构的谓语动词有时不用be 而用其它动词，如live , stand , lie, seem 等使语言表达更生动。
Long long ago , there lived a king .
③There be结构的常见时态。
一般现在时态。There is /are +名词
一般过去时态There was /were +名词
一般将来时态There is going to /will be +名词
现在完成时态There has /have been +名词
④There be结构可与情态动词连用，表示推测。There must be no one in the room .
⑤There be结构的句型转换。
a , 若对主语提问，无论主语是单数还是复数都用what’s +地点？
There are some flowers in the garden . There is a book on the desk .
What’s in the garden ? What’s on the desk ?
b ,对修饰名词的数词或表示不确定数目的词提问，如果是可数名词用how many +名词复数+are there +其它？如果是不可数名词用how much +不可数名词+is there +其它？
There are some flowers in the garden .----- how many flowers are there in the garden ?
There is a little milk in the glass . ----how much milk is there in the milk ?
There is a cat in the room ---- How many cats are there in the room ?
⑥反义疑问句用be not there .
⑦there be 与have/has 区别
a , There be 与has /have 都当有讲，但have表示所属关系，即持有，拥有，占有，而there be 表示客观存在，不说明所有关系。He has a pen .
b . 当主语是物或时间名词时，而且表示整体与局部，两者可互换。
The building has 6 floors . there are 6 floors in the building .
A week has seven days . there are seven days in a week .
c,在一般时态是，there 不能与have 连用。
一．主谓一致（指主语和谓语动词在…人称?和…数?方面的一致关系。）主谓一致遵循以下三条原则（形合，意合，就近） 1．形合（主单→谓单；主复→谓复） ★1．由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数e.g. Both milk and coffee are on sale in Walmart supermarket. Ru Hua and Wang Xiaohu are a couple. ◆注：⑴and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念(and 后无冠词)，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. The teacher and writer has come. Bread and butter is the breakfast of the western people. and所连接的表示同一概念的短语有：a horse and cart马车, a knife and fork刀叉, bread and butter涂有黄油的面包 ⑵由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 e.g. In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. ★2. 用one, every one, each one, any one, each, either, neither 等+ of +复数名词/人称代词作主语时，谓语用单数。 e.g. Neither of his parents is a doctor. They are both teachers. Every one of the students is studying hard. ◆注：(1)“both of +复数名词/人称代词”作主语时，谓语用复数。Both of them are students. (2) none作主语时如果指人或可数的物，表数目，谓语动词用单复数形式皆可；如果指不可数名词，表量，谓语动词用单数。e.g. None of that money on the table is mine. None of us is/are interested in your new subject. (3)在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。 但在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决于one前是否有the （only）、the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有the only就用复数形式。 He was one of the students who were late for school . ★3. each, either, neither, another, the other 和由some, any, no, every + thing/ one/ body构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. There is something wrong with my computer. Everyone is ready for the big dinner. I have two sisters. One is a doctor, the other is a nurse. ◆注：each作同位语，谓语动词仍与主语一致。 They each have a book. ★4. 不定式/动名词（短语）作主语，谓语用单数。 e.g. Doing morning exercises is good for your health. To teach is to learn. 如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。 e.g. To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. ★5.all/most/ part /some/none/half/plenty/a lot/lots/the rest/分数/百分 数+of+ n. 等短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。此名词可数，则谓语用复数；此名词不可数，则谓语用单数。All of the work has been finished. Part of the work has been done by us . Let?s eat the food fi rst. The rest is going to be given to them. ★6. 成双成套的词如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors ，socks等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 ◆注：如果这类名词前用了a pair /two pairs等修饰，则谓语与pair 的单复数一致。The shoes in the shop are beautiful. A pair of shoes was sold out this morning. ★7．由“a/this kind of, many kinds of”或…n. + of this kind?，以及由与kind 意义相似的type, sort 等词构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语与of前的名词保持一致。A kind of bird has been discovered by them.Machines of this kind are very useful. ★8. a number of后面加复数名词或代词，谓语用复数形式；但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。 The number of the students in our school is over 20 thousand. A number of students are coming to our school to learn English. ★9. 倒装句中谓语单复数要看其后面的主语。 There comes the bus. Between the two buildings is a supermarket. ★10. 主语后面跟有with ，together with ，along with ，as well as ，but ,except, besides, like ，including, rather than, in addition to等引导的介词短语+其它名词时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 The women with two children is my aunt . Everyone here, including children and old people, is for the plan. Mary, along with her boyfriend, goes climbing every Sunday. 2．意合（主语表单数概念→谓语单数；主语表复数概念→谓语复数） ★1. 主语表事物的总称，若指有生命的集合体，如people, police, staff，cattle, crew等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。The police are looking for the missing boy. 主语表事物的总称，若指无生命的集合体，如traffic, clothing, fruit, equipment等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 ★2. 复数形式、单数意义的名词作主语 (1)有些词形似复数，实为单数，其作主语时谓语用单数. 常见的有： 抽象名词news ，学科名词maths，physics ，politics，报纸、杂志名The New York Times,专有名词James, the United States等 The United States was founded in 1776. The New York Times sells well all over the United States . ◆但clothes, goods(货物), works(著作)，the Olympics等词或短语 作主语时，谓语用复数。 The Olympics are held every four years. (2) 表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词或短语作主语时，应将 它们看作一整体，谓语用单数。Ten years is a long time. Five million dollars is a lot of money. ★3. “the +形容词”表一类人（如the poor ，the rich ，the young，the old ，the dead ，the sick，the brave 等）作主语，谓语用复数； 1
高考英语新倒装句知识点专项训练解析附答案(4) 一、选择题 1．No sooner a shelter it began to pour. A．we found… than B．had we found… when C．had we found… than D．we found… when 2．Not only _______ about the food, he also refused to pay for it. A．were the customer complained B．when the customer complained C．did the customer complain D．the customer did complain 3．Nowhere else in the world ________ such a quiet beautiful place. A．can you find B．you can find C．had you found D．you had found 4．Not until then________that nobody was happier than I was. A．I had realized B．had I realized C．did I realize D．I realized 5．As is shown in the movie, under no circumstances __________ faith and confidence. A．you should lose B．shouldn’t you have C．should you lose D．you shouldn’t lose 6．Only when he reached the teahouse it was the same place he’d been in last year. A．he realized B．realized he C．had he realized D．did he realize 7．Mum is coming. What present________ for your birthday? A．you expect she has got B．you expect has she got C．do you expect she has got D．do you expect has she got 8．I've tried hard to improve my English.But by no means ________with my progress. A．the teacher is not satisfied B．is the teacher not satisfied C．the teacher is satisfied D．is the teacher satisfied 9．Among the crises that face humans ________ the lack of natural resources. A．is B．are C．is there D．are there 10．, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. A．A quiet student as he may B．Quiet student as he may be C．Be a quiet student as he may D．Quiet as he may be a student 11．_______both sides accept the agreement __________ a lasting peace be established in this region. A．Only if; will B．If only; would C．Should; will D．Unless; would 12．Only in recent years ______ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do better than harm. A．people have B．do people have C．have people D．people who have 13．Mable is very weak, so the doctor advised that not only ______ more flood, but she should
初中英语语法主谓一致 LELE was finally revised on the morning of December 16, 2020
I．单数主语： 1．当 every-, some-, any-, no- 等构成的不定代词及 each, either, neither 作主语时，谓语动词为单数。 ● Someone has told me about it. ● Neither of us likes the film. 2．当 every 或 each 位于两个由连接词连接的单数主语前，谓语动词用单数。（必记之要点！） ● Each girl and boy has a . ● Every man and woman is welcome. 3．位于主谓之间的介词短语不影响谓语动词的数，谓语动词须和主语一致。常见介词短语有：in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc. （这是一几乎所有考试都不愿放过的重点。） ● The teacher along with his students is going to the party. ● His parents as well as his elder si ster have come to see him. II．复数主语： 1．当主语由 and 或 both ... and 连接，通常采用复数谓语动词。 ● Both the girl and the boy are his friends.
高中英语倒装句 倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装 1全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1）here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如：Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。Here is your letter. 你的信。 2). up，down，out，away，in , off, ahead放于句首Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse. Ahead sat an old woman. 3）表示地点，时间，方向等的介词短语放在句首时例如：After the head walked a group of workers. 4.“作表语的现在分词/过去分词/形容词+系动词+主语”形式的完全倒装 Seated in the front were the guests. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如： Here he comes. 他来了。Away they went. 他们走开了。 2部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, rarely, scarely, in no way, under no circumstance, at no time决不, not until…等。例如： Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： The mother didn\'t leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1）---Why can\'t I smoke here? ----At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit 2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn\'t man know D. did man know 2.Not only…but also前面倒装，后面不倒装 Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 3．Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than等，要倒装。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 典型例题No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun 4so, neither, nor作部分倒装 so/neither/nor+be/can(should/will/could…..)/do(did/does)+sb表示\"也\"、\"也不\" 的句子要部分倒装。例如： 典型例题---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don\'t know, _____. A. nor don\'t I care B. nor do I care C. I don\'t care neither D. I don\'t care also 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为\"的确如此\"。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It\'s raining hard.---So it is. 5 only在句首后接状语用总分倒装。例如： Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如： Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。 注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。
(十三)主谓一致和倒装句 主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，经常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。考查重点是主谓一致：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则，其中语法一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点。从命题形式来看，主要以单项选择为主，在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。预计2016年主要考查主谓一致的基本用法，there be句型是考查的重点；倒装句主要考查so与neither引导的倒装句。 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一
致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 ①语法一致原则 使用情况例句“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、 不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。The girl is fond of singing. To protect the environment is our duty. Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes. 表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。The students are having their math class. They have been to Qingdao twice. and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health. The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming.
复习专题倒装句专项练习和答案 一、倒装句 1．— I have never visited a paper factory. — . A. So have I B. I haven't now C. Neither have I 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:-我从来没有参观过造纸厂。-我也没去过。根据句意可知这里表示的是否定的意思，故Ａ可以先排除，因为so 的这个倒装的用法只能用在肯定句中，表示上面所说的情况也适用于另外一人。在否定句应该用neither，当neither 位于句首时，应该用倒装的结构。故选C。 【点评】考查倒装。 2．一 I didn't watch the football match on TV yesterday. 一 . I got home too late to watch it. A. So did I B. Neither did I C. So I did D. Neither I did 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】neither/nor+助动词+主语，译为“某人（物）也不……”，如果上句是否定句，那么下句就是也不是这种情况；so+助动词+主语，意为“某人（物）也是……”如果上句是肯定句，那么下句就是也是这种情况。用于这种结构的主语是不同的人，如果是上下的两句的主语是同一个人，则用半倒装结构，so+主语+助动词，表示“某人的确是这样”。句意：—我没看昨天的聊天节目，—我也没看，我到家太晚而没有看。结合句意，故选B。 3．If you go to his party tomorrow, A. won't, neither do I B. don't, neither will I C. don't, neither do I D. /, so do I 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：如果你明天不参加他的聚会，我也不去。分析：考查if引导的条件状语从句，通过时间状语tomorrow体现时间将来时，因此从句用一般现在时，主语是第二人称用do; 我也不去，为主句，同时前句为否定形式，因此用neither.故选 B 【点评】考查if条件状语从句应使用主将从现。 4．My sister went to the cinema, and _________________. A. so did I B. so have I C. neither did I D. neither have I 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我姐姐去看电影了，我也是。went是一般过去时，助动词是did，故排除B和D选项，省略句，so+助动词+主语，用于肯定句，……也是，neither+助动
初中英语语法归纳总结及主谓一致 语法归纳总结 一. 词类 英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1. 名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 例：boy, morning, bag, home, class, orange. 2. 代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。 例：who, she, you, it . 3. 形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。 例：good, right, white . 4. 数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。 例：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5. 动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。 例：am, is,are,have,see . 6. 副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度等。 例：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7. 冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。 例：a, an, the. 8. 介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。 例in, on, from, above, behind. 9. 连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。 例and, but, before . 10. 感叹词(interj..)：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
例：oh, well, hi, hello. 二. 句子成分 英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1. 主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 例：I’m Miss Green.我是格林小姐。 2. 谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 例：Jack cleans the room every day. 杰克每天打扫房间。 3. 表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担 任。 例：My name is Ping ping. 我的名字叫萍萍。 4. 宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 例：He can spell the word. 他能拼这个词。 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语 一般放在直接宾语的前面。 例：He wrote me a letter. 他给我写了一封信。 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。 例：He wrote a letter to me. 他给我写了一封信。 5. 定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。 例：Shanghai is a big city. 上海是个大城市。 6. 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词，通常由副词担任。 例：He works hard. 他工作努力。 7. 宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。
2012年全国中考题组 1.How much ________ the pair of shoes? – Twenty dollars _________ enough. A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are 2.–Leo, ___________no milk or eggs in the fridge.- Oh, I’ll go and buy some right away. A. it is B. there is C. there are 3.–There __________ a tiger and two chimpanzees in the zoo. Let’s go there this weekend. A. are B. is C. has D. have 4.In our school library, there _________ a number of books on science and the number of them ________ growing larger and larger. A. is; are B. are; is C. have; is 5.–My brother and I will go to the library tomorrow. – Shall we go together? A. So am I B. So do I C. So I am D. So will I 6.–I heard Huang Gang made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday. - ______, and __________. A. So he did; so did I B. So did he; so I did C. So he was; so was I D. So was he; so I was 7. -Tom, I am watching football match. What about you? - __________. A. So do I B. So am I C. So I do D. So I am 8. Last Sunday my aunt __________ at home with me. We were watching TV all day. A. was B. were C. is D. are 9.The reading room ___________ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there. A. am B. is C. are D. be 10.Everyone ________ I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shandong. A. find B. think C. finds D. thinks 2010-2012年全国中考题组 1. Either Sam or Jane ________ TV now. A. were watching B. are watching C. is watching D. was watching 2. – It’s very hot, but quite wet today. - ____________.A. So is it B. It is so C. So it is D. So it does 3.One of my friends _______already moved to London.A. do B. does C. have D. has 4. Every student as well as some teachers who _________ to visit the museum __________ asked to be at the school gate before 7:30 in the morning.. A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are 5.The news ___________ very interesting! Tell me more!. A. is B. are C. were D .was 6.I hear one third os the books in Wuhu Library ________ new. Let's borrow some. A. is B. are C. was D. were 7. Not only my grandma but also all of us _______ looking forward to meeting my uncle . A. am B. is C. are 8. His father likes going hiking. ________. A. So does his mother B. So is his mother C. So his mother is D. So his mother does 9. Everyone except Tom and John ____________ seen the film. A. is B. has C. are D. have 10. - After reading the story about Jin jing, I was very ___________. - ____________. She's really brave.
倒装句专项练习 一、改写句子：把下列句子变成倒装句 1. The shop will not open until 9 o’clock. ______________________________________________ the shop open. 2. I will never see you again. _______________________________________________ you again. 3. I realized that I was wrong only then. _________________________________________________ that I was wrong. 4. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. ________________________________________________ than it began to rain. 5. Many trees stand on both sides of the road. ______________________________________________ many trees. 6. The problem was so difficult that I decided to give up. ____________________________________________ that I decided to give up. 二、用倒装句式完成句子 1.______________________________ (老师走进来) and the students stood up. 2.__________________________________________ (老师不止对我们严格), but also he cared for us. 3.Not until the child fell asleep __________________________________(妈妈才离开房间). 4.____________________________ (她虽然是个女人),she can carry as heavy a thing as men. 5.__________________________________(时间是如此珍贵) that we can’t afford to waste it. 6.There _________________________________________(过去是一座古庙) on top of the hill several years ago. 7.He went to the film last night. __________________________________ (我也去了). 8.Only yesterday ______________________________ (他才发现) that his watch was missing. 9._______________________________ (如果她年轻的话), she would learn skating. 10.______________________________ (接着那个人来了) we had been looking for. 11.______________________________ (我再也不会犯) that mistake again. 12.______________________________ (虽然他很聪明), he is not proud. 13.Tom can’t speak English. ______________________________ (Jack也不行). 14._________________________________ (他是如此出名的一个人) that everyone wants to take a photo with him. 15.In the cottage ______________________________ (住着一家六口). 16.Tom is an American, but lives in China. ______________________________ (Jack也一样)
考点 03 主谓一致
【命题解读】 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。 【命题预测】 主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形 式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计 2018 年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致； 2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配； 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致； 4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 His father is working on the farm. 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 To study English well is not easy. 动名词短语或从句作主语时， 谓语动词一 语法一致 般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all.
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Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面， 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词， 尽管后面跟有 with，together with，except，but，like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides，including 等引起的短语， playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数， 谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall. Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either，neither，each，every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some，any，no，every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who， hard. which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体， 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注：people，police，cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， There are a lot of people in the classroom.
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