英语中六大从句用法总结
1.主语从句
1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.
2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
2.宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。
*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose 用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.
3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
5.定语从句
*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as 代替主语)
6.状语从句
*时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
*地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
*原因、结果和目的状语从句
1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that
,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
*条件和让步状语从句
1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data. 2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.
总结
从句（Subordinate Clause）是复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分，由that、who、when等引导词（Connective）引导的非主句部分。
[编辑本段]分类
从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词，所以通称名词性从句；后两类定语从句和状语从句功用相当于形容词，称为形容词性从句。状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句。
1.主语从句（Subject Clause）：用作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
2.表语从句（Predicative Clause）：用作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。
3.宾语从句（Object Clause）：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
[编辑本段]宾语从句
第一部分
一.、定义：
宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。
二、学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。
连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which（指事）,who（指人）
1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。
2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。在whether…or not结构中不能用if 替换。
3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。
★当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他
判断时态情况：
1.主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况
2.主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时
3.主句是一般将来时，一般从句为一般现在时（“主将从现”）
例题：
〈1. The teacher told the children that the sun＿＿＿＿round.
A. was
B. is
C. were
D. are
〈2. I believe that our team＿＿＿＿the basketball match.
A. win
B. won
C. will win
D. wins
〈3. I don’t know＿＿＿＿to visit the old man.
A. whether
B. if
C. that
D. who
〈4.The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school.
A.which;where
B.what;which
C.where;which
D.what;where
答4：选B，动词reach后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，where不可，which引导宾语从句时表疑问含义“哪一个…”而此句中并非疑问含义，不知道哪一座庙宇，而是用what从句表陈述含义，意“过去的一座旧庙宇”；temple后为对其修饰的定语从句，用关系代词which 代替，并在从句中作动词used的宾语，use sth. as…“把…用作…
宾语从句，在复合句中作宾语，位于及物动词后；
Tell him which class you are in ．
Do you know what he likes？
(1)主、从句时态一致：
主句谓语过去时，从句相应过去时；
He answered that he was listening to me.
主句谓语现在时，从句时态任所需；
He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.
They know (that) he is working hard.
具体过去永不变，真理格言现在时；
He told me that he was born in 1980.
Father told me that practice makes perfect .
（2）否定前移，及完成反意问句；
在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去，完成反意疑问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。（注: 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称）
I don't think you are right ,are you ?
I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they ?
（3）在表示建议suggest , advise
要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose；
决定decide; 命令order、command; 坚决主张insist;
等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v．（虚拟语气）
eg．I suggested that you（should）study hard．
He ordered that we should go out at once．
（4）如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语，用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句后置
eg．You may think it strange that he would live there．
（5）宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略
A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。
eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get bet?鄄ter．B．当it作形式宾语时
eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
C．当宾语从句前置时
eg．That our team will win，I believe．
三、分类
A 、作动词的宾语:
eg．I heard the news
I 主语heard 谓语动词the news.名词作宾语
I主语heard 谓语动词that he would come here later on.一个句子作宾语---宾语从句
B 、作介词的宾语:
eg．He said nothing about this plan 。
He主语said 谓语动词nothing 代词作动词的宾语about 介词the plan. 名词作介词的宾语
四、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成:
带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有：that(可省略)，what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.
五、注意：
A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。
Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.
Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
D False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.
4.同位语从句（Appositive Clause）：与先行词同位或等同的从句叫作同位语从句。其关联词多为that。
5.定语从句（Attributive Clause）：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般皆放在被它所修饰的名（代）词之后，这种名（代）词就叫作先行词（Antecedent）。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词(或称引导词、关系词等）。关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词在定语从句中用作状语。
①引导定语从句的关联词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why 和which. 在
非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which.
例句：
The dog that/which was lost has been found. （失踪的狗已经找到了。）
Those who are in favor of the proposal are expected to discuss it in detail after the meeting. （有人认为那些对这个提案有兴趣的人最好是在会后再具体讨论它。）
There are many organizations whose purpose is to help the homeless. （存在着许多旨在帮助无家可归者的组织。）
The days when we had to rely on wool, cotton or silk for our clothes have now passed. （那种必须依赖羊毛，棉花或者蚕丝做衣服的日子已经过去了。）
Air moves from places where the pressure was high to places where the pressure is low. （空气从压强高的地方流向压强低的地方。）
This is the reason why he refused to help us. （这就是他拒绝帮助我们的原因。）
He was born in 1976, when an earthquake struck the country. （他出生于1976年，这一年这个城镇发生了地震。）
They turned a blind eye to the suffering of the people, which enraged all of us. （他们对受苦人们的漠视激怒了我们。）
②当引导定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等词, 或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all, anything, nothing, something, everything 时,从句
的引导词只能用that.
The only thing that matters to the children is how soon they can have their holiday. （孩子们唯一关心的是他们什么时候放假。）
These are the very points that puzzle me. （真正困扰我的是这些观点。）
Is there anything that bothers you? （有什么事烦着你吗？）
This is the best film that was ever produced by the company. （这部是那个公司有史以来拍摄得最好的电影。）
③as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用. As 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.
例句：
Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.（你描述的那一类人现在很少了。）The boy was run over by a motor-car, as often happened in pre-liberation Shanghai.（那个男孩被一辆摩托轧过去了，这种事在解放前的上海是不少见的。）
As is often the case, the girl forgot to bring her dictionary.（正如往常一样，这个女孩又忘了带上字典。）
We are opposed to such ideas as are not based upon objective facts.（我们是反对这种毫无事实根据的想法的。）
④介词+which/whom/whose从句
The driver is the man from whose room she had stolen the gold watch.（她就是从那个司机的房间偷了金表的。）
Language is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each other.（语言就是人们用来和其他人交流的一种工具。）
Jane spent all evening talking about her latest book, of which none of us had ever heard.（Jane一晚上都在谈论着也最近学课本，那些内容我们闻所未闻。）
例题：
Water dissolves a part of nearly everything _______ it comes in contact.
a. where
b. that c with which d as soon as
⑤代/名+介词+which 从句
He is needing a book, the name of which I don't know.（他需要一本书，但是我不知道书名。）
In factories and in our daily life, there are many waste materials, all of which can he turned into useful things under certain condition.（在工厂里，在我们的日常生活中都有很多垃圾，其实这些垃圾在某种情况下是可以转变为有用的东西的。）
To make an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer.（为了能够客观地测试，老师写了一串答案唯一的问题。）
⑥同位语从句和定语从句
The news that he has been admitted by Harvard University is very pleasing.（他被哈佛大学录取的消息非常令人兴奋。）
The news that you told me was really exciting.（你告诉我的好个消息真的是很激动人心。）
⑦难句:
NO.1He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.（他是被选为代表该团队的人中一员。）
NO.2He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.（他是那些男孩中唯一一个愿意再接受任务的人。）
NO.3I shall never forget the day when we first met.
第二部分
一、时态
1·主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。
2·主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。
3·主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。
二、宾语从句的几类连接词：
①从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that，if，whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if 和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.
例句：
He told that he would go to the college the next year
他告诉我他下一年上大学.
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
没人知道他是否会通过考试.
②连接代词
连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.
连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
例句：
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?
I don’t know whom you should depend on.
我不知道你该依靠谁.
The book will show you what the best CEOs know.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
③连接副词
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
例句：
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?
你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
三、动词的宾语从句
大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
He told us that they would help us though the whole work.
他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.
★部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
例句：
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?
你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?
★动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有：make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记
例句：
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
四、可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
例句：
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天写日记成了习惯.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
例句：
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
We take it that you will agree with us.
我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.
开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
例句：
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
五、介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
例句：
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space. 这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的.
★用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
例句：
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company. 对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
六、形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:
sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
例句：
I am sure I will pass the exam.
我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
七、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out 等之后,介词后一般不用if
②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
④在不定式前只能用whether.
如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
八、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
1.当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
2.当宾语从句较长时;
3.当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;
4.当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;
5.当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;
6.当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;
7.当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;
8.当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;
9.当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;
10.当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;
11.在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.
九、宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑
问句一般与宾语从句一致.
例句：
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
★如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
例句：
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?
十、宾语从句的时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响。
当主句为过去时的时，细分为一下几种情况：
①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
例句：
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.
He asked me if I was reading the story “The Old Man and the Sea ”when he was in.
他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<老人与海>.
②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
例句：
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
例句：
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
★如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化
例句：
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.
★当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首
例句：
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手。
[编辑本段]同位语从句
同位语从句用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来（下面这个材料供参考）：
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如：
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。如：
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that，whether，连接副词how,when,where 等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。）如：
l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。如：
Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．
几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。如：
The news that l have passed the exam is true．我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
（同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。）
The news that he told me just now is true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
（定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。）
2、引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如：
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（that在从句中不充当任何成份。）The idea that he gave surprises many people．他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。（that在从句中作gave的宾语。）
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。
1) 非独立的同位语：常出现在被限定词前
Bruce Lee (姓名) 李小龙
Graf Schmidt (称号，浑名) 施密特伯爵
Doktor Wang (职称，头衔) 王博士
Uncel Liu (亲戚的称呼) 刘叔叔
die Stadt Shanghai (类属名称) 上海市
the Province Hebei (类属名称) 河北省
das Jahr 2000 (类属名称) 2000 年
three Kilo tomato (度量名称) 三公斤西红柿
the University Bremen (专有名词) 不来梅大学
状语从句归纳总结：（as用法） 一、时间状语从句： 1、连接词when、while、as ⑴when ①正当…时候be about to …ving… ②从句动词先于或后于主语动作 ⑵while: 可表示对比（从句只用连续性动词） ⑶as: “一边一边”“随着” 省略句中: eg: As time goes on…随着时间的推移 As a boy,hewao hopeless at English. 2、before,after before常用句型:It is/was/will be…before eg: It will be 5 years before we meet again. 3、till，until ①用于肯定句中“直到…为止”，主句谓语为持续性动词 ②用于否定句中“直到…才”，主句谓语为短暂性动词（until,till可用before代替） ③Not until位于句首倒装 ④强调句型只用until 二、地点状语从句:where,wherever,everywhere 也可引导定语从句： 状语从句：We shall go where the condition are poor. 定语从句：We shall go the place where the condition are poor. 三、原因状语从句 1、because\since\as ⑴①用why提问 ②强调句中 ③关联词“not…but” ④与“just”等副词连用eg:You shouldn’t any only because you had much. ⑵since引导从句常放句首，往往表示对方已知的让步原因关系，主从时态一般相同 ⑶as从句放句首 2、now(that) 既然 3、considering that,seeing (that):与since,now that意相近: “鉴于…”“考虑到…” 4、not that…,but that…“不是因为…而是因为…” 四、目的状语从句 1、that,so that,in order that“为了，以便” ⑴从句中往往出现情态动词：can\could\may\might ⑵当主从句的主语一致时，可转换为相应动词不定式结构：so as to\in order to 2、in case,for fear that,lest“以防、以免、万一..”从句是肯定句 五、结果状语从句 1、so,that,so that
一、句型1: Sｕbｊect (主语)＋Vｅrb (谓语） 这种句型中得动词大多就就是不及物动词,常见得动词如: ｗoｒｋ,sｉｎg, swim，f ｉsｈ, ｊump，arrｉve, e, die，ｄisappear，ｃry, happeｎ等。如: 1) Li Mｉng worｋｓvery haｒd、李明学习很努力。 2) Ｔhｅlittle gｉrl cｒied even ｈardｅr、小女孩哭得更厉害了。 3）The aｃｃident hａppeｎed yestｅrday aftｅrnoon、事故就就是昨天下午发生得。 二、句型2:Subｊeｃt (主语) + Link、Ｖ(系动词) +Pｒedｉｃate(表语） 这种句型主要用来表示主语得特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类: (1)表示状态。这样得词有:ｂe,looｋ, sｅem,smelｌ,tasｔe, souｎｄ,ｋeep 等。如: １) Ｔhis kind oｆfoｏd ｔａsｔes deliｃiｏus、这种食物吃起来很可口。 ２) He ｌｏoｋed worｒｉeｄjust now、刚才她瞧上去有些焦急。 (2）表示变化。这类系动词有:bee，tuｒn，get, ｇrow, go等。如: 1）Sprｉｎg es、Itｉs gettｉng warmerａnd warｍｅr、春天到了,天气变得越来越暖与。 2) Tｈe treeｈaｓｇｒｏwn much taｌｌer than before、这棵树比以前长得高多了。 三、句型3：Suｂｊect(主语) + Vｅｒb (谓语)＋Oｂject （宾语) 这种句型中得动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。 1）He tookｈis ｂag aｎd lefｔ、(名词）她拿着书包离开了。 2) LｉLｅi alwayｓhelps mｅwhen I havｅdifｆicｕlｔiｅｓ、(代词) 当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。 ３)She plａns toｔraｖeｌｉn the ｉng Mａy Day、（不定式）她打算在即将到来得“五一”外出旅游。 4) Ｉdon’t know what Iｓhｏuｌd do next、(从句）我不知道下一步该干什么。
在句子里做主语，宾语，表语的分别是主语，宾语，表语从句。修饰名词的是定语从句，相当于形容词。修饰整个句子，动词，形容词的是状语从句。 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。 1，定语从句。 1）先行词是名词。 2）定语从句跟在名词后。是修饰名词的。 3）与中文顺序相反。 4）定语从句的组成是：连词+主+谓+宾。 5）连词在从句里可以作主语、宾语、状语等。 6）当先行词的名词表示人时，后面的连词用who+v/(whom)+s+v/whose+N+s+v. 当先行词的名词表示物时，后面的连词用which/that ,whose. 7）连词前可以有介词。 8）不许用what 1. All the people who work on a newspaper must be able to work fast. 2. Corn is a useful plant which can be eaten by both people and animals. 3. I have a friend whose cousin is a tennis player. 4. The boy lived in a part of town where there were no schools. 5. During the hurricane, one of the tree branches broke the bed in which the girl had been sleeping. II. 名词从句。起名词作用。=名词 1. 主语从句。 1）在主语位置上。 2）组成：连词+主语+谓语+宾语 3）连词不可省 4）不许用if When we’ll go to school is still a question. 2. 宾语从句。 1）在宾语位置上。在动词后。 2）组成：（连词）+主语+谓语+宾语 3）连词可省 The doctor asked the patient what he had had for lunch. 3. 表语从句。 1）在表语位置上。在系/be动词后。 2）组成：连词+主语+谓语+宾语 3）连词不可省 4）不许用if He lost his key. The reason is that he was too careless. 4. 同位语从句。 1）在名词后。说明名词的内容。
英步状从句用法（一） 步状从句的用法一（表示“ 然，即使，尽管”） 1. although ，though ，even though ，even if 都表示“ 然，即使，尽管”之意，though和although 气弱(其中的though 比although 通俗 , 不如 although正式)，even if和even though 有 意味而得气更。例如： Although they are poor, they are happy. 然他很，但很快。天气然很冷, 但他没有穿大衣就出去了。即使他可能不会成功，但他仍努力。那篇文 章然很短，但很重要。他好一点了，仍未痊愈。即使下雨，她也是走着去工作的。今晚我将去拜 他，即使我只能停留一小会儿。 注意： though引的步状从句的用法比特殊，它可以倒装，也可以不倒装，具体用 法参 as 引步状从句的用法。 2. as 引步状从句表示“ 然、即使、尽管”，其引的步状从句必采用倒装构， as 引的倒装形式的步状从句的基本构：形容/ 副 / 名 (数可数名前一般 不冠，有也可数可数名前形容与不定冠用、形容放在不定冠前)// 去分＋ as＋主＋的其他部分。注意体会下列典型例句：Great as the author was, he proved a bad model.位作者尽管了不起，到来却成了一个坏榜。真的。然他很富有，但他并不幸福。倒装要省去个名前的冠个故事看似荒唐，却是)尽管是个孩子，他却 能分辨黑白。他尽管勇敢，可到蛇是抖。尽管很重，他仍然十分。然尽了最大努力，但是他仍 然不能搬那石。 ［考1］ We had to wait half an hour ____ we had already booked a table. A. since B. although C. until D. before ［答案］ B ［解析］下划之后所述的“我已了一桌”与前面所述的“我已不得不等了半个小”之意相反，四个中although 表示“即便??”，引步状从句最合适。 ［考 2］ ____ most of the earth’s surface is coveredby water, fresh water is very rare and precious. A. As B. Once C. If D. Although ［答案］ D ［解析］句意：然地球表面覆盖着水，但是水仍然很稀有、珍。下划引 步状从句，填入although 最合适。 ［考 3］ ____ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although ［答案］ D ［解析］下划引步状从句，填入although 最合适。 ［考 4］ Although he is considered a great writer, ____. A. his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely read C. however his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read ［答案］ A ［解析］英不允在although 、 though 引的步状从句之后的主句句首重复使用，如果要在复合句中某种特的意，可以在主句的句首加上yet 、 still 等副。例如： Although she has a lot of money, (yet/still) she is not happy. 然她很有，但是她并不快。
高中英语从句大全 1）表语从句 1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类： （1）从属连词that.如： The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 （2）从属连词whether，as，as if.如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago，but it’s as if it was only yesterday. 这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。 能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be，seem，look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。 （3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接副词where，when，how，why. 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1.连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。 2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we （should）start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。2）主语从句 1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类： （1）从属连词that.如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 （2）从属连词whether.如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。 （3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接副词where，when，how，why.如： What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home —— my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我
英语语法: 英语从句完全汇总 一.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that …事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is +形容词+从句 It is natural that…很自然… It is strange that…奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that…似乎… It happened that…碰巧… (4) it +过去分词+从句 It is reported that…据报道… It has been proved that…已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…, It occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) (4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong) (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong) 4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语.表语，而that 则不
定语从句 概念：定语从句，一个简单句跟在一个名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。 结构：先行词+关系词+从句 关系词： 关系词的类型：关系代词：who,whom,which,that,在从句中可作主语或宾语，whose,在从句中作定语 关系副词：why,where,when,其中why=for which，where=in/at/on which， when=during/on/in which,在从句中做状语 关系词的作用：1.连接作用，连接主句和定语从句 2.指代前面的先行词 3.在定语从句中担任成分 关系词的选择:1.看先行词（被定语从句修饰的词）先行词是“物”可能用which，that，whose,where，when，why等,先行词是“人”可能用who，whom，that， whose等 2.看关系词在定语从句中所担任的句子成分①先行词是人且关系词在从句 中作主语，用who/that②先行词是人且关系词在从句中作宾语，用 whom/that③先行词是物且关系词在定语从句中作主语，用that,which. ④先行词是物且关系词在从句中作宾语，用that,which，也可以省略 记住：关系代词作宾语或表语是可以省略的，作主语是不能省略的，因为主 语后直接是动词，省略的话就出现先行词直接接从句动词的语法错误。举例： Is there anything that you want to say? 中的that就可以省略。而He is the headmaster of this school who also teaches Chemistry. 中的who就不能省 略。⑤先行词是“人”或“物”，关系词在从句中作定语表所属关系，用 whose引导定语从句.注意：表示所属关系不仅仅是人,这个就叫做所属关系， 因此所属关系除了whose以外就有两个，对人是of whom,对物是of which. ⑥先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，则用关系副词引导定语从句。注意： 如果从句中的谓语动词是及物动词且后面无宾语，那么，即使先行词是表时 间、地点或理由的名词，也不能用关系副词（when，why，where），而要用 可作宾语的关系代词that或which，要考试的同学们千万千万要记住哦！ 3.必须用that引导的情况①先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰③先行词被 all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰④先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时⑤先行词既有人又有物时⑥当句中已有who时， 为避免重复用that 限定与非限定定语从句 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句： 例：I like the book which he bought yesterday.(我喜欢他昨天买的书) 非限定性定语从句：
英语让步状语从句用法总结（一） 让步状语从句的用法一（表示“虽然，即使，尽管”） 1. although，though，even though，even if都表示“虽然，即使，尽管”之意，though 和although 语气较弱(其中的though 比although 通俗, 不如although 正式)，even if和even though 带有强调意味而显得语气更强。例如：Although they are poor, they are happy. 虽然他们很穷，但很快乐。天气虽然很冷, 但他没有穿大衣就出去了。即使他们可能不会成功，但他们仍努力尝试。那篇文章虽然很短，但很重要。他好一点了，虽仍未痊愈。即使下雨，她也是走着去工作的。今晚我将去拜访他，即使我只能停留一小会儿。 注意：though 引导的让步状语从句的用法比较特殊，它可以倒装，也可以不倒装，具体用法参见as引导让步状语从句的用法。 2. as引导让步状语从句表示“虽然、即使、尽管”，其引导的让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构，as引导的倒装形式的让步状语从句的基本结构为：形容词/副词/名词(单数可数名词前一般不带冠词，有时也可见单数可数名词前形容词与不定冠词连用、形容词放在不定冠词前)/动词/过去分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分。注意体会下列典型例句：Great as the author was, he proved a bad model. 这位作者尽管了不起，到头来却成了一个坏榜样。这个故事看似荒唐，却是真的。虽然他很富有，但他并不幸福。倒装时要省去单个名词前的冠词)尽管还是个孩子，他却能分辨黑白。他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。尽管伤势很重，他仍然十分乐观。虽然尽了最大努力，但是他仍然不能搬动那块石头。 ［考题1］We had to wait half an hour ____ we had already booked a table. A. since B. although C. until D. before ［答案］B ［解析］下划线处之后所述的“我们已经预订了一桌”与前面所述的“我们已经不得不等了半个小时”之间语意相反，四个选项中although表示“即便……”，引导让步状语从句最为合适。 ［考题2］____ most of the earth’s surface is covered by water, fresh water is very rare and precious. A. As B. Once C. If D. Although ［答案］D ［解析］句意为：虽然地球表面覆盖着水，但是纯净水仍然很稀有、珍贵。下划线处应引导让步状语从句，填入although最为合适。 ［考题3］____ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although ［答案］D ［解析］下划线处应引导让步状语从句，填入although最为合适。 ［考题4］Although he is considered a great writer, ____. A. his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely read C. however his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read ［答案］A ［解析］英语不允许在连词although、though引导的让步状语从句之后的主句句首重复使用连词，如果要在复合句中强调某种特别的意义，可以在主句的句首加上yet、still等副词。例如：Although she has a lot of money, (yet/still) she is not happy. 虽然她很有钱，但是她并不快乐。
各种从句类型 一、名词性从句 1、主语从句： 定义：从句充当复合句的主语。 位置：①从句位于句首；②it（无意义）作形式主语放在句首，从句放在主句之后。 引导词：that，whether（连词） who，what，which，-ever（疑问代词/连接代词） when，where，how，why，-ever（疑问副词/连接副词） 练习：（1）从句位于句首 1.物价要上涨是明显的(go up) ____________________________________________________________________ 2.派谁去还没有决定 ____________________________________________________________________ 3.不清楚她为什么那样做(clear) ____________________________________________________________________ 4.你对我说的话很有用 ______________________________________________________________________ (2)it作形式主语 5.很奇怪他对此一无所知 _______________________________________________________________________ 6.碰巧那天她不在家（happen） _______________________________________________________________________ *与强调句句型比较 1. It is clear that he loves singing. 2. It is in Shanghai that I saw the film. 二、宾语从句 定义：从句充当复合句中的宾语。 位置：在及物动词后（动宾结构）；在介词后（介宾结构）；it作形式宾语，从句放在主句后； 主语+be+表语（adj.）+宾从 引导词：that、whether、if（连词）；who，whose，what，which，-ever（疑问代词/连接代词）；when,where,how,why（疑问副词/连接副词） 练习： （1）动宾、介宾结构 7.我们认为这是圈套。（圈套trick） _______________________________________________________________________ 8.我会留意我是否能帮助你 _______________________________________________________________________ 9.请跟我谈谈任何使你烦心的事（trouble） _______________________________________________________________________ (2)it作形式宾语 10.我想当然地认为你会来(take it for granted) _______________________________________________________________________ 11.我会很感激如果你把电视的音量调低（would appreciate it） _______________________________________________________________________ (3)主语+be+表语（adj.）+宾从 12.我确信他会赢（be sure） _______________________________________________________________________ 13.我肯定她看见我了(be certain) _______________________________________________________________________
where引导的地点状语从句用法总结归纳 1、where 在地点状语从句中，除指地点外，还可指处境等。 eg. I'm unsatisfied with where I live. 我对自己住的地方特不 满意。 2、有时地点状语从句中的某些词能够省略。 eg. Fill in the blanks with the given phrases. Change the form where necessary. 用所给的短语填空，必要的地方能够改变其 形式。 3、地点状语从句一般置于主句之后。 eg. Keep it where you can see it. 把它放在你看得见的地方。 4、where一般表示一个确定的但非特指的地点。 eg. The school was built where there had once been a cemetery. 学校建在一座墓园的旧址。 5、wherever, anywhere 和 everywhere 表示“任何地方”。 eg. No matter where you now are in writing, you can improve with practice. 不管你在写作上你处于什么水平，练习都能帮你提升。 6、where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句前则无需先行词。 eg. Go back where you came from.你从何处来到何处去。(where引导地点状语从句) Go back to the country where you came from.你从哪个国家来了 就回哪去。(where引导定语从句，修饰place)
新托福写作——10大句型助你所向披靡 新托福写作中句型的结构是一项非常重要的评分标准，从句型结构丰富多变到用词简短一击即中，都是托福写作需要注意的。那到底什么样的句型才能到高分呢? 怎样做到句型丰富呢?通过归纳和总结，小编将下面这十种高分句型介绍给大家。不需要你全部都用上，因为只要用上几种就足以使你的写作成绩提高一个甚至几个档次。 第一：定语从句。 这应该算是写作中最常用的一种句型之一。适当地运用定语从句可以给你的文章增色不少。 例如，下面的这两个句子用上定语从句马上就变成了一个漂亮的复杂句。 Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex. → Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts. 第二：状语从句。 在写作当中运用的最多的是以下五种状语从句，即原因状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句，时间状语从句和目的状语从句。 1. 原因状语从句：常由because, as, since和for引导 Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits. 尽管如此，我还是赞成太空探险，因为它的好处远远大于坏处。 2. 让步状语从句：常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引导 Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place. 尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。 3. 条件状语从句：常由if, on the condition that和providing that引导 Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared.
英语从句大全 宾语从句： 1，定义：宾语从句是指在复合句中做及物动词的宾语的从句，也可以作介词和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句一般用于及物动词之后，或用于介词之后。 2，表现形式： A 及物动词后的宾语从句 （1）有从属连词引导 I think (that) watching TV too much is bad for people’s health. 我认为看太多电视对身体有害。 Recent court decisions have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. 最近的法院裁决责令公立学校采取必要步骤提供那种教育。 I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me,too. 我不知道其他顾客是否也会抛弃我。 （2）有连接代词引导 This test is intended to reinforce what you have learnt in the past few weeks. 这次考试的目的在于巩固你们在过去几周所学的知识。
You may never find out who dealt with the complaint later. 过后你可能无法知道谁处理的投诉。 It is your task to find out into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit. 你的任务是搞清楚，这两种工作你适合哪种。 （3）有连接副词引导 There are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available. 对于超光速旅行何时能实现，目前还没有做出预料。 We can’t understand why he avoided speaking to us. 我们不理解他为什么不跟我们说话。 They know exactly where they are going. 他们清楚地知道自己的行动方向。 We need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. (how表示方式) 我们需要了解正常细胞是如何自我控制的。 We do not know how far mankind will be able to solve these problems.(how表示程度) 我们不知道人类能够把这些问题解决到什么程度。
初中英语语法总结（从句） 英语从句三大类型 按一般说法，可分为三大类14种从句。 一,名词性从句 1主语从句Whether it's right or not remains to be seen. 2宾语从句I wonder whether it's right or not. 3同位语从句This is a question whether it's right or not. 4表语从句The question is whether it's right or not. 二,定语从句 1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak English well. 2非限定性定语从句She is the student, who can speak English well. 三,状语从句 1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here. 2地点状语从句You can go wherever you like.
3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are a student. 4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king. 5目的状语从句She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well. 6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well. 7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me. 8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is little. 1．定语从句 There are some old books in the box. The boy dressed in blue is from America. ?分清几个概念：先行词与关系代词/关系副词。先行词是指定语从句所修饰的中心词；关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that; 关系副词主要有 when, where, why。关系代词和关系副词有两个作用，一是连接主句和从句的作用，二 是在定语从句中做成分。 ?定语从句分为：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句, 限定性定语从句如果去掉会影 响句子意义的完整性，非限定性定语从句即使去掉也不会影响句子意义的完整性，如： July is the month when we have a lot of rain. There are many plays (that) I’d like to see. The meeting was put off, which surprised us a lot. This note is left by Mary, who was here a moment ago. 1.非限定性定语从句，其作用为：对所修饰的成分作进一步的说明，它与主句用逗号隔 开。此类从句省略后其余部分仍可成立。在非限定性定语从句中，which可代表前面的整个句子；代表人时只能用who，whom，而不能用that；as也可用作关系代词。例如: 2. telephone，as we know，was the invention of Alexander Graham Bell． 3. D．Roosevelt，who died there on April 12，1945． 4. in a damp（潮湿的）house for a long time is harmful to one’s health，which is known to everyone． 5.限定性定语从句中that可代表人和事，而which只代表事；二者在从句中作主语或 宾语。that作宾语时常可省略，which则不能，而且其后的“不及物动词+介词’’中的介词不能省略。which作宾语时，先行词与which之间的介词不能省。例如： 6.first doll that could say“mama”was invented in 1830． 7. second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part，during which he sailed round the Cape Horn合恩角． ?代表all，anything，something，nothing，much等词时，用that而不用which，that作宾语可省略。例如：
状语从句知识点总结和题型总结 一、初中英语状语从句 1．--- That young man must have something to do with the crime, right? --- I suppose so, he said that he didn't do anything against the law. A．if B．when C．although D．because 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：---那个年轻人一定和那件罪行有关，对吗?---我想是的，尽管他说他没有做任何违法的事。本题考查从属连词。A. if如果，引导条件状语从句 B. when当…时候，引导时间状语从句，C. although尽管，引导让步状语从句，D. because因为，引导原因状语从句，结合句意，可知前后句意是让步关系，故选C。 2．-- Can’t I park my car free here? -- You can, for four hours, __________ you spend over 100 yuan in this supermarket. A．though B．if C．unless 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：-我不能把车免费停在这里吗？- 如果你在这家超市花费超过100元，你可以免费停车四个小时。though 虽然；if 如果；unless 除非。这里是形容一种条件，如果消费超过100元，就能免费停车，故选B。 3． He made a mistake, but then he took action to change the situation ________ it got worse. A．until B．when C．before D．because 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：他犯了一个错误，但他在它变得更糟前采取了行动改变现状。Until直到；when当···时；before在···之前；because因为。根据句意可知选C。 考点：考查连词。 4．___________ she couldn’t see his face, she could tell by his voice that he was young. A．Unless B．If C．Because D．Though 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：虽然她看不见他的脸，但是她能够通过声音分辨出他很年轻。A. Unless除非；B. If 如果；C. Because因为；D. Though尽管。根据语境以及上下文，本题考查的是连词的用