1. 名词性从句考点 1、引导词 that 与 what；that 与 whether； if 与 whether；what 与 how等的区别； 2、名词
性从句的时态和语序问题； 3、名词性从句的语气问题； 4、同位语从句与定语
从句的比较区别。 3. I really appreciate _____ to relax with you on this nice island. 01 上海 A. to have had time B. having time
C. to have time
D. to having time B 仅带动名词作
宾语的动词为：admit appreciate avoid delay enjoy escape excuse prevent finish imagine mind practise resist risk suggest stand forgive keep allow advise permit forbid 但如果在 allow advise permit forbid 后提到有关的人，就只能用
不定式作宾补。在动词 want, need, require, demand 等词后加动名词作宾语
时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。 4. --- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. --- Well, now I regret _____ that. 95
N A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 5. --- Let me tell you something about the journalists. --- Don’t you remember _____ me the story yesterday? 99 上海 A. told B. telling C. to tell to have told 6. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour. 02 上海春季 A. waiting
B. to wait
C. wait
D. to be waiting D B A 特别注意带不定式和动
名词作宾语时意义不同的动词： remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, miss, stop 7. How about the two of us ___ a walk down the garden?
93 N A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 8. --- I must apologize for _____ ahead of time. --- That’s all right. 94 N A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know 9. Sandy could do nothing but _____ to his teacher that he was wrong. 01 上海春季 A. admit B. admitted
C. admitting
D. to admit C B A 介词的宾语一般都用动名词，但有
三个介词 but except / than / be about 后要接不定式作宾语。 10. Rather than ____ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ____ a bicycle. 94 N A. ride … ride B. riding … ride C. ride … to ride D.
to ride … riding 注意 prefer 的几个常用句型： prefer to do sth. than do sth. prefer doing sth. to doing sth. prefer + n. to + n. C 11. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _____ some schools
for poor children. 01 上海春季 A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up 12. --- How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? --- The key
_____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers. 02 北
京 A. to solving … making B. to solving … made C. to solve …making D. to solve … made B B 要特别注意 to 的词性，分析其为介词
还是不定式。 admit to，be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to ，stick to ，turn to，devote oneself to ，be devoted to，look forward to，pay attention to, get down to 等八、非谓语动词作状语高考题点击： 1. --- Mum, why
do you always make me eat an egg every day? --- _____ enough protein
and nutrition as you are growing up. 99 上海 A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting 2. _____ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. 01 北京春季 A. To sleep B.
Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 3. In order to make our city green,
_____. 02 上海春季 A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees C A D 4. _____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 96 N A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 5. _____ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. 00 北京春季 A. Given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Having given 6. He sent me an E-mail, _____
to get further information. 00 上海 A. hoped B. hoping C.
to hope D. hope lose oneself in sth. 表示“陷入…”，主语 he 为 lose
的宾语。 given 作状语意为“考虑到”，意思相当于 considering。注意 hoping
为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的 to get …。 C A B 7. The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it. 02 N A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 8. Finding her car stolen, _____. 01 上海 . A. a policeman was asked
to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked
for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help once 在
此处只是副词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语的关系。begin为及物动词，
意为“开始、启动”，故该用过去分词。本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。 D D 九、
非谓语动词的时态语态和被动高考题点击： I would love _____ to the party
last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. 97 N A.
to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone 2. Robert is said
_____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. 99 N A.
to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying D A would love to have done 表示本想去做，但没做
成。本题的关键是“what country he studied in”，由此可知事情发生
在过去。 3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _____ everything. 01 上海 A. to tell B. to be told C. to
be telling D. to have been told 4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____ whether they will enjoy it. 02 N A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen 本
题中母亲被告知真象显然发生在以前，所以你现在没有必要再隐瞒了。 remain
后接 to do，此处 it 指代的是后面的主语从句。他们是否喜欢有待于观察，此
处应为被动。 D B 5. _____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. 02 上海 A. Exposed B. Having exposed
C. Being exposed
D. After being exposed 6. _____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. 01 N A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 7. Tony
was very unhappy for _____ to the party. 00 上海 A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited
D. not having been invited 该句缺主语，只能用动名词才能作主语。 C A D 8.
With a lot of difficult problems _____, the newly-elected president
is having a hard time. 02 上海春季 A. settled B. settling C.
to settle D. being settled with + n. / pron. + O.C. 构成一个
独立主格结构，在句中作状语。用 settled 表示已经解决了的问题；用 being settled 表示正在被解决的问题；用 to be settled 表示将要被解决的问题。
而此处的 to settle 是用来作定语修饰前面的 problems。另外还要注意一下
分词的独立主格结构的基本用法。 C 2010年高考语法复习系列十四反意问句
及倒装句 1、祈使句的反意问句； 2、I think +宾语从句的反意问句； 3、主
从复合句的反意问句； 4、表示判断的情态动词构成的反意疑问句。反
意问句考点分析考题点击： 1、I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer,
_______? 01 上海 A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D.
won’t they 2、Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at
that time, ________? 02 上海春季 A. was there B. wasn’
t there C. didn’t he D. did he 3、There is no light in the dormitory.
They must have gone to the lecture, _______? （04上海春季） A.
didn't they B. don' t they C. mustn't they D. haven' t they 4、--- Alice, you feed the bird today, _________? --- But I fed it yesterday. 99 NMET A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you
D. don’t you C C D B 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren’t I. I’m as tall as your sister，aren’t I? 2 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑
问部分要用 may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I? 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody,
never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分
用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she? Some plants never blown 开
花 , do they ? 4 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，
疑问部分用 shouldn’t / oughtn’t +主语。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn’t he? / shouldn’t he? 5 陈述部
分有have to +v. had to + v. ，疑问部分常用don’t +主语（didn’t +主语）。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don’t we? 6 陈述部分的谓语是
used to 时，疑问部分用didn’t +主语或 usedn’t +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn’t usedn’t he? 7 陈述部分有 had better + v. 疑问句部分用 hadn’t you?
You’d better read it by yourself, hadn’t you? 8 陈述部分有would rather
+v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn’t +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn’t he? 9 陈
述部分有You’d like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn’t +主语。
You’d like to go with me, wouldn’t you? 10 陈述部分有must 的疑问
句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
He must be a doctor, isn’t he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven’t you? He must have finished it yesterday, didn’t he? 11 感叹句中，疑问部分
用be +主语。
What colours, aren’t they?
What a smell, isn’t it? 12 陈述部分由 neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 13 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词 that, everything, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn’t it? 陈述部分为主语从句或并列句，疑问部分有三种情况： a. 并列句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近分句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn’t he? b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句, 疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn’t he? c. 上述部分如果主句主语是第一人称而谓语是 think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don’t think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can’t she? 15 陈述部分主语是不定代词 everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数 he。
Everyone knows the answer, don’t they? does he?
Nobody knows about it, do they? does he? 16 带情态动词 dare 或need 的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need dare +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn’t dare to go home alone, does she? 17 省去主语的祈使
句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
Don’t do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won’t you ?
注意： Let’s 开头的祈使句，后用 shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?
Let’s go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 18 陈述部分是“there be”结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn’t there?
There will not be any trouble, will there? 19 否定前缀不能视为否
定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn’t it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 20 must在表“推测”
时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
He must be there now, isn’t he?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won’t it? 考题点击1： I finally
got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _____ so happy. 2000
北京春季 A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt D 解析：含有否定意义的词放在句首，句子要采用部分倒装的形式，据此排除B、
C 两项。句意要求用过去完成时。考题点击2： ______ can you expect to get a pay rise. 01北京春季 A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard C 解析：can you expect …是倒装句，此处四个选项中只有 Only + 状语开头的句子才需倒装。以 so; such; only 加状语或状语从句开头的句子要倒装。考题点击3： The doctor opened the door and _____ the room _____ a boy with a ball in his hand. A. into … comes B. into … came C. in … enters D. in … entered B 解析：表示趋向性的介词或副词短语置于句首时，句子要全部倒装，即谓语动词与主语完全倒置。此种倒装需要注意两点： 1 主语必须是名词； 2 动词没有进行时。另外在复习过程中还需要注意虚拟倒装句及让步倒装句： 1、What would have happened, _____ as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther 2. ______, he seems to know everything in the city. A. Young although the boy is B. A boy though he is C. Boy as he is D. Young as is the boy C C 2010年高考语法复习名词性从句用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比较 It’s time that …结构： It is high time that we went to school. 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I’ve ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time that I’ve heard him sing.
这是我第一次听他唱歌。典型例题
1 --- Do you know our town at all?
--- No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was
B. have been
C. came
D. am coming 2 --- Have
you ____ been to our town before?
--- No, it’s the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come
B. even, have come
C. ever, come
D. ever, have come
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作
不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month. B D 2、过去时
高考题点击： 1. --- Nancy is not coming tonight. --- But she _____!
98 N A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
2. My uncle _____ until he was forty-five. 2000 上海 A. married
B. didn’t marry
C. was not marrying
D. would marry
说明：Nancy 答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作出的承诺。说明：
until 用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动词，表示该动作一直持续到
until 后的时间为止；短暂性动词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开
始。本题中 marry 是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。 B B 3. --- You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like
it? N2002 --- I’m sorry I _______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you. A. wasn’t saying
B. don’t say
C. won’t say
D. didn’t say 说明：本题的干扰源来自
上下文中的时态，上文用的是现在完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，所以有些人
就误以为此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现，没有说出自己的
评价是在这段对话以前的事了，所以要用一般过去时。 D 4. As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ____ asleep. 95 N A. read … was falling
B. was reading … fell
C. was reading … was falling
D. read …
fell 5. The manager had fallen asleep where he ______, without undressing. （05安徽卷） A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D.
had lied 说明：一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作大都用进
行时，短暂性的动词用一般时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生
了。说明：该题的意思为“经理躺在那儿睡着了，衣服也没脱”。“躺”是一个
不及物动词，其过去式和过去分词为“lay; lain”。lay 是及物动词，过去式和
过去分词为 laid；lied 是“说谎”的过去式和过去分词。 B B 6. The little
girl ____ her heart out because she ____ her toy bear and believed
she wasn’t ever going to find it. 02 北京 A. had cried, lost
B. cried, had lost
C. has cried, has lost
D. cries, has lost
7. ― Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. ―Oh! I thought they ______ without me. 05江西
卷 ?A．went ?B．are going ?C．have gone ?D．had gone 说明：哭得伤
心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的
用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。说明：“他没叫我就走了”这个动作
明显发生在“我认为”之前。所以必须用过去完成时。 B D 3、将来时高考题
点击： 1. If a man _____ succeed, he must work as hard as he can.
95 上海 A. will B. is to C. is going to D. should
2. --- You’ve left the light on. --- Oh, so I have. _____ and turn
it off. 2000 N A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m
going 说明：此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力而为”。If 引导
的是条件状语从句，不能用将来时。而 be to 结构虽然表示将来的动作，但它
不属于将来时。说明：本句的重点是“并行结构”，关键是看后面的 turn，所
以B、C、D、都不符合。 B A 3. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _______for
London to attend a meeting. 05天津卷 A. will leave B.
leaves C. will have left D. left 4. We were all surprised when
he made it clear that he _____ office soon. 93 N A. leaves
B. would leave
C. left
D. had left 说明：that 引导的宾
语从句中的动作“离职”应该发生在“were surprised”之后，故需用过去将
来时。 C B 说明：by the time 表示“到……为止”“在……之前”，如果主句
的动作发生在过去，一般需要用过去完成时；如果是将来，就需用将来完成时。
4、状语从句中的时态问题高考题点击： 1. --- Can I join the club, Dad?
--- You can when you _____ a bit older. 94 N A. get B. will
get C. are getting D. will have got 2. In such dry weather, the
flowers will have to be watered if they _____. 2001上海 A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive 说明：时间状语从句中没有将来时，需用一般现在时替代一般将来时。说明：条件状语从句中不用将来时，但 be to 结构不属于将来时态形式。 A B 3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _____ from the university next year. 2002上海 A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate 4. It ____ long before we ____ the result of the experiment. 2002上海春季 A. will not be, will know B. is, will know C. will not be, know D. is, know 说明：by the time 引导的是时间状语从句，故不能使用将来时。D选项虽可考虑，但 be to 结构大多用来表示“义务、决定、职责、约定”等，与句意不合。说明：before 引导的是时间状语从句，无将来时，而主句应该用将来时。 C C 5、祈使句中的动词问题高考题点击： 1. _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do. 98 N A. When left
B. Leaving
C. If you leave
D. Leave 2. _____ some of this juice --- perhaps you’ll like it. 2000 北京春季 A. Trying B. Try
C. To try
D. Have tried 3. _____ at the door before entering, please. 01 北京春季 A. knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock 4. _____ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. 2001上海 A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give D B D B 6、几种时态的替代问题 A：一般现在时代替将来时：除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等
活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时。如：
The museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物馆明天10点开门。实际上每天
如此。 B：一般现在时代替完成时：句型“It is … since…”代
替“It has been … since …”
It is has been five years since we last met C：一般现在时
代替进行时：在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如：
Look, here comes Mr. Li. 06年高考语法复习被动语态高考题点击： 1.
I need one more stamp before my collection _____. 94 N A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour.
98 N A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 说明：集邮册只能被
完成，且在 before 从句中没有将来时，故只能选D。说明：该句的意思为“在
大城市中清洁女工的工资通常是按小时支付的。”很明显该用被动语态。 D C 3.
Books of this kind _____ well. 99 上海 A. sell B. sells C.
are sold D. is sold 4. Hundreds of jobs _____ if the factory closes.
01 北京春 A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
说明：sell 既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，当用作“销售情况如何”时，
sell 为不及物动词，故没有被动语态。类似的词还有：wash, translate, write
等。说明：lose job 为“失业”，job 只能被失去，且动作应该发生在将来。 A
B 5. A new cinema _____ here. They hope to finish it next month. 2001 北京春季 A. will be built B. is built C. has been
built D. is being built 6. The new suspension bridge _____ by the
end of last month. 2001上海 A. has been designed B. had
been designed C. was designed D. would be designed 说明：从后
句可知电影院应该正在修建。需要注意的是现在进行时态的被动语态的动词形
式。说明：by the end of 短语一般都与过去完成时或将来完成时连用。 D B 7.
This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He _____ trying to save
a child in the earthquake. 2002 北京春季 A. killed B. is killed
C. was killed
D. was killing 8. I feel it is your husband who
______ for the spoiled child. 2002上海 A. is to blame
B. is going to blame
C. is to be blamed
D. should blame
说明：不要被前面使用的现在时所蒙蔽，在地震中抢救小孩并献身的动作只能在
过去。说明：be to blame 是固定结构，不能用被动语态。该句是一个强调句
型。 C A 9. Rainforests _____ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. 2002上海春季 A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 说明：该句的意
思为“雨林正在以如此快的速度被砍伐和烧毁以至于在不久的将来它们就会消
失。”从语境中可以看出应该使用现在进行时。况且进行时可以表达出说话人的
一种特殊的情感。说话人是想呼吁人们停止乱砍乱烧雨林，给人们提出的一种警
告。 C 2010年高考语法复习非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的考点 1、谓语动词
与非谓语动词的区别； 2、非谓语动词作定语； 3、非谓语动词作主语和表语；
4、非谓语动词作宾语；
5、非谓语动词作宾补；
6、非谓语动词作状语；
7、
非谓语动词的时态语态和被动。二、非谓语动词的句法功能不定式
主语宾语表语宾补定语状语动名词主语宾语表语定语分词表语
宾补定语状语三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别高考题点击： 1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said _____ to the notice. 93 N A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ____ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods. （04上海春季） A. seizing.., disappeared B. seized.., disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing 两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用 and 连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。 seized 和 took 是并列谓语，disappearing 是伴随状语。此题的关键是and 的位置，如果 and 在 disappear 前，则三个动词并列。 A D 四、非谓语动词作主语和表语高考题点击： 1. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _____. 01 上海 A. he’d like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 2. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ____ the answers ready will be of great help. 05北京卷A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having 在 and 连接的并列句中，两个主语最好要保持一致的形式。动名词 fishing 和 collecting coins 分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为“钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。” D D 非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：第一是并行结构问题，如：Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 第二需要注意一些结构： A 在 It’s no use good; value; importance 等结构
中只用动名词作主语。如：It’s no use quarrelling with such a fellow .
注意比较：There’s no need to tell him about it. B 在 It’s + adj. 结
构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型： It’s easy difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not
enough 后加 for sb. to do It’s kind nice, stupid, rude, clever,
foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate 考虑周到的 ,
silly, selfish 自私的后加 of sb. to do 3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult. 99
N A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make B 动词不定式短语 to make life easier 及 not to make it more difficult
都作 purpose 的表语。非谓语动词作表语时要特别注意两个问题，一是并行结
构问题，二是时间问题。一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故
在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名
词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分
词作表语的区别。五、非谓语动词作定语高考题点击： 1. The flowers ____
sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of
nature. （04上海） A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt
D. to be smelt 2. A man is being questioned in relation to the
________ murder last night. （04江苏） A. advised B.
attended C. attempted D. admitted 该题的谓语动词是 attract，
“闻起来很香”用来作定语修饰主语 flowers。 B C “谋杀”只能被预谋，故
该用过去分词作定语表示被动。 3. The picture _____ on the wall is painted
by my nephew. 00 北京春季 A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 4. There are five pairs _____, but I’m at a loss
which to buy. 99 上海 A. to be chosen B. to choose from
C. to choose
D. for choosing B B hang 作及物动词用时
表示人为的“挂”；作不及物动词用时表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的 hang
为不及物动词，所以用现在分词作定语。动词不定式 to choose from 和 to choose 都可以作定语，问题是 to choose 作定语时该名词是 choose 的对象；
to choose from 作定语时，该名词是 choose 的范围。该题指的是范围. 非谓
语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的
主谓关系；动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；不定式作定语时要注意
以下一些固定结构：在 time, chance, right 等名词后；在序数词后；在 wish, need, demand, requirement …等词后。 D 表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语
时的用法： done 表示已经完成的动作 to be done 表示尚未开始
的动作 being done 表示正在进行之中的动作六、非谓语动词作宾补高
考题点击： The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _____. 95 N A. not to B. not to do C. not to
it D. do not to A 为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的
动作。如：Would you like to visit our school? Yes, I’d like to. 有些
动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除 tell 外，常见的还有：advise allow cause consider encourage forbid force intend order permit persuade remind request require urge warn ask
wish want 等特别注意： hope, agree, demand, suggest 等没有宾补。
2. Paul doesn’t have to be made _____. He always works hard. 95
N A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 3. A computer
does only what thinking people ___. 99 上海 A. have it do
B. have it done
C. have done it
D. having it done 使
役动词 make / have / let sb. do sth. 但改为被动语态后，则应为：be made
/ let to do。注意其它不带 to 的动词不定式的用法。此句中的 it 指代的
是 a computer，what 在从句中作 do 的宾语，表示“人们让计算机所做的事“应
该用…people have a computer do …这一结构。需要注意的是 have 的几个
常用结构：have sb. / sth. do… ; have sb. / sth. done …; have
sb. / sth. doing …; have sb. / sth. to do B A 4. The managers discussed
the plan that they would like to see_____ the next year. 00 N A.
carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to
carry out 5. The missing boys were last seen ___ near the river. 94
N A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play that 引导
的是定语从句，修饰 plan，在从句中作 see 的宾语。因此从句中的结构应为
see the plan carried out。特别注意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。感
官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动作；若用现在分词，则
表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解为正在进行的动作。 C A 七、非谓语动词作
宾语高考题点击： 1. We agreed _____ here but so far she hasn’t turned
up yet. 95 N A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D.
to have met 2. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what _____
to my new job. 00 N A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting
D. expects C B 注意1：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, refuse,
offer, promise, decide, determine, intend, manage, fail, hope,
expect, long, wish, tend, desire, plan, pretend, 等；注意2：动
词 know, show 等常带疑问词加 to do 作宾语。 Though working from morning
till night, his father didn’t get enough food. Although his father worked
from morning till night, he didn’t get enough food. 虽然他父亲从早到
晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。 5. 作伴随状语置于句首或句
末。如：They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. 他们又唱又笑地走进教室。 When working in the factory, he was an advanced
worker. When he worked in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 注
意： 1. -ing短语与when, while, though, until, if等连词连用时，相当于
这些连词引导的一个从句。如： Though willing to attend the party, he
refused the invitation. Though he was willing to attend the party, he
refused the invitation. While staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice.
While he was staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice. If playing all
day, you will waste your valuable time. If you play all day, you will
waste your valuable time. Though raining heavily, it cleared
up very soon. Though it was raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
2. 动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如：
He traveled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a
高中英语语法讲义——名词 名词的数 单数名词变复数名词的常用法则 （1）一般情况直接加-s, 如：books, trees. （2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的加-es, 如：glasses, boxes, watches, brushes. （3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词把-y改为-i再加-es. 如：stories, countries. （4）以-o结尾的常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es, 它们是：黑人英雄 ．．中吃土豆 ．．、西． ．．．．在回声 红柿 ．．，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes. 下列以-o结尾的名词既可加-es, 也可加-s,它们是：zeros (zeroes)零, mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子, volcanos (volcanoes) 火山。 （5）以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时一般直接加-s，但下列名词需把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是：为 了自己 ．．和一片树叶 ．．上，把狼．劈成了两半．，即：selves, lives, ．．．．站在架子 ．．手里拿着刀子 ．．和他的妻子 ．．活命．，小偷 thieves, wives, knives, loaves, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves. 但下列以-f结尾的名词既可变f为v后加-es，也可直接在f后加-s，它们是：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs (scarves)围巾。 （6）合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；storytellers讲故事的人；housewives家庭主妇。（7）“man/ woman+ n.”变复数时，作定语的man/ woman和中心词都要变复数。 men teachers男老师women engineers女工程师 （8）不规则复数形式 ①变内部元音 foot-feet man-men woman-women tooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese gentleman-gentlemen ②单复数同形的名词 sheep deer spacecraft太空船 aircraft飞行器Chinese Japanese
2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义（9） 被动语态知识点整理总结 被动语态是中高考经常考的语法之一，也是日常口语和写作中必不可少的句子形式，今天笔者就带大家一起来学习它。 01 被动语态的概念 所谓被动语态是相当于主动语态而言的。如果主语是动作的执行者，那么我们就称其为主动语态，反之，如果主语是动作的承受者或动作的对象，那我们就称其为被动语态。如： 主: Many people speak Chinese. 被: Chinese is spoken by many people. 02 被动语态的结构 被动语态由"be＋及物动词的过去分词"构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来。下面通过speak来说明常见时态的被动语态：一般现在时 am/is/are＋spoken 一般过去时 was/were＋spoken
一般将来时 will/shall be＋spoken 现在进行时 am/is/are being＋spoken 过去进行时 was/were being＋spoken 现在完成时 have/has been＋spoken 过去完成时 had been + spoken 03 被动语态的执行者 被动语态的执行者一般以by+人/物来引出。如果没有执行者或没必要说出执行者，则可以省略这部分。如： Some computers were stolen last night. 无法确定执行者，因此无by结构。 The glass was broken by Mike.
执行者是Mike，所以这里用by引出。 04 含有情态动词的被动语态 用“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”结构。 如： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. 05 特殊情况主动变被动 make/let+sb+do变为被动要还原to。如： He made the boy work for two hours a day. The boy was made to work for two hours a day. 双宾语结构的物做被动语态主语时，后面要还原出介词。如：Jack gave Peter a present just now. A present was given to Peter just now. 巩固练习 1. The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold
高中英语语法系统全解 第一章动词时态 在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。一、一般时 一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。 A.一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s 或-es。 They want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress. 外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand? 你懂了吗? 2．一般现在时的用法 ①一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起在西方落下。 Sound travels faster through water than it does through air. 声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。
Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。 c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态 This cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很软。 I love classical music. 我喜欢古典音乐。 The President still seems able to find time to go fishing. 看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。 d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 The meeting begins at 7:00. 会议七点钟开始。 We leave here at 8:00 sharp. 我们八点整离开这里。 e. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作 When you come next time, bring me some magazines. 你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。 If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。 Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. 不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。 ②一般现在时的特殊用法 a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中 China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful 中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功 Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow 劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科 b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中 Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.
语法总结全集 名词和主谓一致 一、名词的分类 英语中名词主要可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1．可数名词 可数名词一般都有单复数。单数时，名词前可加不定冠词a/an；复数时，前面可加数词，名词本身要改成复数形式。 可数名词的复数有规则和不规则两种变化。规则的名词，只要在单数名词之后加“s”，“es”或去“y”加“ies”就行，如：an umbrella, twelve umbrellas；a factory, three factories。不规则的名词变化则要靠积累记忆，如：a mouse, ten mice；a policeman, six policemen。 有少数可数名词，如sheep，works（工厂），Chinese等，它们的单复数同形：a sheep, four sheep；a chemical works, five chemical works。 此外，还有一些可数名词只有复数形式，如clothes，trousers，cattle，police，people(人，人民)等。 英语名词中还有一些合成词，它们的复数形式有三种可能：1）后面的部分变成复数形式：grown-ups，boy students，grandchildren。2）前面的部分变成复数形式：passers-by，lookers-on，sons-in-law。3）前、后都变成复数形式：men doctors，women drivers。 2．不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数的变化，前面也不能加a/an，或数词。但是我们可以用量词来表示不可数名词的数量，单复数表现在量词上，如：a piece of paper；two pieces of paper。 在有些情况下，不可数名词也可用a/an，表“一种”、“某种”的意思，如have a wonderful time，receive a good education，be made into a fine paper。 有时为了表示量大，不可数名词的后面也可加“s”，如sands，ashes，waters等。 但是我们在学习不可数名词的时候，特别要记住英语中有一些名词，它们无论在什么情况下，前面都不能用a/an，后面也不可加“s”，如weather，information，等。 3．有的名词既可是可数名词，也可是不可数名词 英语中有相当一部分的名词，既可以是可数，也可以是不可数，它们的意义有时略有不同，有时则完全不同。如：difficulty, success, time, work，paper，glass，等。 4．用于表示可数与不可数名词的数量“多”“少”的常用词和词组 跟可数名词连用的如：few, a few, many。 跟不可数名词连用的如：little, a little, much。 可数与不可数都能用的是：a lot of , plenty of。 二、主谓一致 1．通常被看作单数的主语部分 1）不定式、动名词和主语从句。 eg.. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said was different from what he did. 2）表示“时间”“距离”“金钱数量”的名词。 eg. Twenty years is quite a long time. 10 kilometers doesn’t seem to be a long distance to Mira. 300 dollars is too much for this old coin.
必修一 语法点一：Be+v.ing表将来 use the present continuous tense for future plans In English, we have lots of ways of talking about the future. The most common ways of talking about the future we encounter use ‘will’ or ‘be going to’ followed by an infinitive（动词原形）, and we tend to use ‘be going to’ most often for talking about future plans. Sometimes, we also use the present continuous tense to talk about future plans. Ex. ①we are going to Mexico next Sunday. ② Are you coming to the cinema? ③ He is leaving for London in two hours. ④ We are spending next winter in Australia. Only some verbs can be used in this situation, such as: go, arrive, come, leave, start, stay, return, play, have, work, wear, spend, see, meet, etc. 扩展： What’s the difference between using ‘be going to’ and the present continuous to talk about future plans? Let’s look at some more examples: “I’m going to play football on Saturday” You have made a plan in your head but possibly not taken any real action to confirm it. Also, playing football on Saturday is probably not a regular event for you. “I’m playing football on Saturday” You have made a plan and taken some real action to confirm it (e.g. called your friends or booked a place to play). In this case, it’s likely that playing football on Saturdays is a common activity for you. 语法点二：Direct speech and indirect speech(直接引语和间接引语) Let's first define the terms, then look at how to talk about what someone said, and how to convert speech from direct to indirect or vice-versa. You can answer the question What did he say? in two ways: by repeating the words spoken (direct speech) by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech). Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Quotation marks are not used. 1、declarative sentence陈述句 ①Change in pronoun:The pronoun (subject) of the reported speech is changed according to the pronoun of reporting verb or object (person) of reporting verb (first part of sentence). Sometimes the pronoun may not change. In following example the pronoun of reported speech is “I” which will be changed
1. 名词性从句考点 1、引导词 that 与 what；that 与 whether； if 与 whether；what 与 how等的区别； 2、名词性从句的时态和语序问题； 3、名词性从句的语气问题； 4、同位语从句与定语从句的比较区别。 3. I really appreciate _____ to relax with you on this nice island. 01 上海 A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time B 仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admit appreciate avoid delay enjoy escape excuse prevent finish imagine mind practise resist risk suggest stand forgive keep allow advise permit forbid 但如果在 allow advise permit forbid 后提到有关的人，就只能用 不定式作宾补。在动词 want, need, require, demand 等词后加动名词作宾语 时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。 4. --- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. --- Well, now I regret _____ that. 95 N A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 5. --- Let me tell you something about the journalists. --- Don’t you remember _____ me the story yesterday? 99 上海 A. told B. telling C. to tell to have told 6. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour. 02 上海春季 A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting D B A 特别注意带不定式和动 名词作宾语时意义不同的动词： remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, miss, stop 7. How about the two of us ___ a walk down the garden?
高中英语语法讲义————特殊句式 倒装句 通常句式为自然语序“主语+谓语”，有时为了强调句子的某一部分，或者出于词汇用法、语法结构或修辞上的需要，将这种比较固定的语序加以颠倒，就形成了倒装。分为完全倒装，部分倒装和形式倒装。 一.完全倒装：谓语动词完全置于主语之前，主语为名词不为代词，谓语不用进行时。 1.一些表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词短语。如：here, there, now, then, up, down ,in, out, away, off, in the room, on the wall等置于句首。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrella. Then followed three days of heavy rain. Out rushed the children laughing loudly. Away flew the plane. 2.such 位于句首。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest sci entist. 注：此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 二．部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词或be动词）置于主语之前 1.so+ be 动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语，意为“...也是如此”。 They love making lots of friends; so do I. 2.neither/nor+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“...也不这样”。 Lily can’t ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy. 3.否定词never, seldom, nor, not, little, hardly, scarcely等或表示否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时。 Not a single mistake did he make. =He di dn’t make a single mistake. 4.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only then did I begin to understand him. Only in this way can we solve the problem. Only if you work hard will you be admitted to a top university. 5.so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood Such progress did he make that he won much respect. 三．形式倒装：在语法上称为前置。只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。 1.感叹句 What an interesting talk they had! =How interesting a talk they had! 2.the+比较级.....,the +比较级.....句型 The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes. 3.whatever+ n.或however+ adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句 Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise. However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening. 4,as / though引导让步状从，表语、状语、含情态动词的谓语提前，表语为单数名词提前不用冠词。 Young as /though he was, he was successful. Child as /though he is, he knows much.
Grammar —Adverbial Clause 状语从句 定义：用“引导词 +陈述语序”作状语 状语：修饰动作，把句子“壮大” He speaks English well .（方式状语） The sun rises i n the east and sets in the west .（地点状语）九种状语从句：时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、目的、条件、让步、比较Ilove you you love me (1)when —时间状语 (2)where —地点状语 (3)because —原因状语 (4)so —结果状语 (5)as —方式状语 (6)inorderthat —目的状语 (7) I will love you if you love me. —条件状语 (8) I won ’ t love you even if you love me. —让步状语 (9)more than —比较状语 意思不同，形式不同，形意相关 I read English loudlyin the open airevery morning.
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Grammar —Adverbial Clause 方式状语地点状语时间状语 用从句形式当状语，即状语从句 (一)时间状语从句引导词 till, until A until B ： A 一直延续到 B 出现或发生就停止 I sleptuntilnoon. I didn ’ t go to bed until midnight. I entered the room until 6:30. I didn ’ t enter the room until 6:30. as soon as, the minute, the moment, the instant, immediately, directly no sooner ? than, hardly ? when, scarcely ? when(结合倒装句 ) before, after, 完成 +since( 自从 )+过去时间 --what was the party like? --Wonderful. It ’ s yearsI enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. before C. when D. since
语法：是一门研究英语语言构成规律的学科。 词 法 ———— 语法 ————句法 简单句：在句子中只包含一套主谓结构。 并列句：通常由一个连词连接的并列的句子。 复合句：〖大句套小句〗 一气：虚拟语气 二词：非谓语动词、情态动词 三句：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句 语法 非谓语动词 一、 在句中不能作谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词 二、 啥样呢？ 1. 不定式：To do 2. 动名词：Doing 3. 分词：Done Eg1. The ocean and seas surrounding the islands are deep blue. 围绕着群岛的海洋是深蓝色的 Eg2. My mother ordered the homework to be done. ☆☆非谓语动词的宾补，其逻辑主语为前面宾语 ▲ 方法一：口诀法 非谓语，三要点。 变否定，NOT 前。 句法 目的 结 构 形容词 名词 数词 代词 动词 介词 副词 感叹词 冠词 连词 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 简单句 复合句 并列句 时态、语态 非谓语动词 情态动词 词法 名词性从句 状语从句 定语从句
哼哈将，时逻关。 七仙女，记心间。 （一） 变否定 （二） 哼哈将 1.动词不定式 主动关系 被动关系 一般式 To do To be done 完成式 To have done To have been done 进行式 To be doing (To be being done) 完成进行式 To have being doing (To have been being done) ▲ 一般式：不定式的动作和谓语动词动作同时发生或在谓语动词之后的动作发生。 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 ▲ 完成式：不定时动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 Eg3. Jay Chou taught us to sing 黄河大合唱 last night. ▲ 进行式：不定时的动作和谓语动词动作同时正在进行 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 Eg4. When his mother entered, the boy pretended to be sleeping. ▲ 完成进行式：不定时的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生，一直持续到谓语动词动作，到谓 语动词动作为止。不定时的动作有可能刚刚结束，还有可能继续延续下去。 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 Eg5. Mr. Zhong is said to have been working as a teacher for 10 years. 时间关系 逻辑关系 B B B B B B B B
高中英语语法讲义简单句 简单句四句话 一陈述句（肯、否）五种 1，主谓SVi （不及物动词）You are listening (to me) . I’ve come (to Bangde) 2,主系表SVP *系动词：be动词，You are cute/ a girl. 感官动词feel/look/sound/smell/taste. You look young. 成为动词become/get/turn/go/fall等, *become a teacher= turn teacher turn +颜色get +温度go +好坏fall +ill/asleep. 保持：keep，stay, remain 等. You should remain quiet. 似乎：seem（表可能）/appear(实则否) (to be)+adj 结果是：prove /turn out (to be)+adj 3,主谓宾SVO I hit you (on the head/ in the face) 4,主谓宾宾SVOO 人+ 物= 物to +人I gave you a pen= I gave a pen to you . 但make, buy, cook, find, get, order, sing, spare, fetch等用for+人 5,主谓宾宾补SVOOc *find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, make, leave等+O+名词 They all call me Wangwang. *keep, get, make, leave, find, paint, set, turn, drive, call, cut, consider等+O+adj We should keep our room tidy. *keep, find ,catch, leave等+O+ doing. He found a purse lying on the ground. *ask/tell/want/wish/order/request/demand等+O+(not)to do I wish you to learn English well. *feel / hear, listen to / let, make, have / look at, see, watch, notice, observe +O +do/doing. 注意let, make不能接doing. 但be seen/made…+to do. Jim saw a girl go upstairs / playing under the tree. * think, find, consider等+it+Oc+to do. I think it useful to learn English. 变否定句：在be/情态/助动词后+not。不同的时态有不同的助动词,但一般现在时和一般过去时无助动词。一般现在时需加don’t/doesn’t+V. 一般过去时需加didn’t+V 附动词时态表（16种时态32种谓语结构） 时：现在过去将来过去将来
高中英语语法 一、英语词法 1、实词：是指有实在意义，能独立承担句子成分的词名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词 2、虚词：没有实在意义，不能独立承担句子成分 冠词、介词、连词、感叹词 二、英语句法 1、简单句 2、并列句 3、复合句 （1）名词性从句 ◆主语从句 ◆表语从句 ◆宾语从句 ◆同位语从句 （2）定语从句 ◆限定性定语从句 ◆非限定性定语从句 （3）状语从句 ◆时间状语从句 ◆条件状语从句 ◆地点状语从句 ◆原因状语从句 ◆方式状语从句 ◆结果状语从句 ◆目的状语从句 ◆比较状语从句 ◆让步状语从句 三、其他句型 倒装句 强调句 省略句 It 用法和There be 句型 动词时态 非谓语动词 虚拟语气 主谓一致原则 反意疑问句
第一讲：句子类型与句子成分 一、句子种类和类型 1、句子种类 陈述句；疑问句；祈使句；感叹句 2、句子类型 简单句:由一个主语加一个谓语构成. 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有：and, but, or, so, either…or.. neither...nor.. however not only…but also 等. 并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。Hurry up or you'll be late. He is rich while I’m poor. 复合句: 由主句和其他从句组成。 并列复合句：含有复合句的并列句. ★I asked a man who has a wife and three children who did the cooking in his house and he replied that whoever came home from work first did it. 二、句子成分 That girl is doing her homework now. 主语： 主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么情况。表示句子说的是"什么人"、“什么事”、“什么东西”、“什么地方”等等。名词、代词、数词、动名词、To do不定式、一个句子都可以做主语。 All roads lead to Rome. How to do it well is an important question. 谓语 谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。一般由动词或动词短语承担，具有各种时态、语态及语气的变化。 I seldom go to the cinema. He has already left. We are students She fell ill last week 宾语 宾语，又称受词，是指一个动作（动词）的接受者。一般而言，及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语，而该宾语通常为直接宾语。名词、代词、数词、动名词、To do不定式、一个句子都可以做宾语，而to do不定式用于宾语补足语。 We study English at school. He enjoys listening to the music. 直接宾语：表示动作的承受者或结果，通常指物。 Lend me your dictionary.
高考英语语法复习讲义——动词 动词 1) 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2) 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。 说明： 有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词， 例如： We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。) He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。(has是助动词。) 3) 动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)，缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明： 同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。 例如：She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) 4) 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb) 例如：She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。 说明： 英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。 5)根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase) 例如：The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。)
高中英语语法讲义单词2018-11-25 高考高频难词 1.alter v. 改变,改动,变更 2.burst vi.n. 突然发生,爆裂 3.dispose vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of) 4.blast n. 爆炸;气流 vi. 炸,炸掉 5.consume v. 消耗,耗尽 6.split v. 劈开;割裂;分裂 a.裂开的 7.spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃 8.spill v. 溢出,溅出,倒出 9.slip v. 滑动,滑落;忽略 10.slide v. 滑动,滑落 n. 滑动;幻灯片 11.bacteria n. 细菌 12.breed n. 种,品种 v. 繁殖,产仔 13.budget n. 预算 v. 编预算,作安排 14.candidate n. 候选人 15.campus n. 校园 16.liberal a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的 17.transform v. 转变,变革;变换 18.transmit v. 传播,播送;传递 19.transplant v. 移植 20.transport vt. 运输 n. 运输,运输工具
21.shift v. 转移;转动;转变 22.vary v. 变化,改变;使多样化 23.vanish vi. 消灭,不见 24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下 n. 燕子 25.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心 26.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的 https://www.doczj.com/doc/5413844331.html,d a. 温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的 28.tender a. 温柔的;脆弱的 29.nuisance n. 妨害,讨厌(的人或事物) 30.insignificant a. 无意义的,无足轻重的 31.accelerate vt. 加速,促进 32.absolute a. 绝对的,无条件的;完全的 33.boundary n. 分界线,边界 34.brake n. 刹车,制动器 v. 刹住(车) 35.catalog n. 目录(册) v. 编目 36.vague a. 模糊的,不明确的 37.vain n. 徒劳,白费 38.extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的 39.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特别的, 40.extreme a. 极度的,极端的 n. 极端,过分 41.agent n. 代理人,代理商;动因,原因 42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精 43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,恳求 44.appreciate vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏
第一主题高中英语语法系统全解（一） 第1章动词时态2-4楼 第2章被动语态5-7 楼 第3章虚拟语气9-11 楼 第4章情态动词12-16楼 第5章动词不定式17-20 楼 第6章动词的ing形式21-24楼 第7章过去分词25-27楼 第8章独立主格结构28－30楼 第9章名词性从句31－33楼 第10章定语从句35－40楼 第11章状语从句（一）40－45楼 第11章状语从句（二） 第12章直接引语和间接引语 第13章倒装 第14章强调 第15章省略 第16章主谓一致 动词时态－－一般时 第一章动词时态（一） 在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。 一、一般时 一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。
A.一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es。They want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress. 外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand? 你懂了吗? 2．一般现在时的用法 ①一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起在西方落下。 Sound travels faster through water than it does through air. 声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。 Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。 c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态 This cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很软。 I love classical music.