英译汉复习要领
一、真题回顾
1．大纲对翻译部分的基本要求
在职人员攻读硕士学位入学英语考试中的翻译项目旨在通过翻译测试考生正确理解英文原句的能力以及汉语的书面表达能力。本部分采用语篇翻译的考试形式。要求考生将一篇120～150词的一般性题材的英语段落翻译成汉语。本部分满分为15分，考试时间为30分钟。对考生的要求是对原文理解正确，译文表达准确、通顺。因此，读懂原文，正确理解英文原文的意思是确保译文准确的前提，而通顺的表达则是获取高分的保障。
翻译考题是英文和中文两种语言的综合考试，难度较大。这一部分考生得分率普遍不是很高，是考生们复习的难点。但这部分有一个显著的特点，即翻译的技巧性强。因此考生们应特别注意翻译的方法和技巧。
下面通过对2003年在职人员攻读硕士学位入学英语考试中翻译真题的分析，让考生进一步了解翻译考题的难度和考点，把握复习思路和正确的解题技巧。
Part V Translation (30 minutes, 15 points)
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
The generation gap is so great in Hong Kong that the teenagers there rarely turn to their parents or teachers for advice on anything. Whether it be sex, AIDS, school worries or family problems, adults are not considered up to the job.
Until now, no one has asked Hong Kong youth, “What do you think?” Some understanding of the emotions of Hong Kong’s youth, however, has come from the work of Dr. Jeffrey Day—at the University of Hong Kong. His survey of young people does not focus, for example, on how many drugs they take—but tries to answer the question why.
Dr. Day hopes the results, which he plans to explain in full next week, will reveal what troubles—as well as pleases—today’s high-school students. Conclusions will be passed on not only to government departments but back to the schools which took part.
【答案与解析】
在香港，代沟的问题很严重，以至于十几岁的孩子很少向父母或老师征询意见。不管是性、艾滋病、学校中遇到的麻烦，还是家庭问题，他们认为成人都帮不上忙。
迄今为止，没人问过香港的年轻人：“你在想什么？”然而，香港大学的杰弗里·戴博士所做的研究使我们对香港年轻人的情感有了一些了解。他对年轻人的调查，重点不是问他们服用多少种毒品之类的问题，而是试图找到其中缘由。
戴博士计划在下周全面解释研究的结果。他希望研究能揭示当今高中学生的喜和忧。研究结论不仅将送呈政府部门，也将通报参加这项调查的学校。
第一段：
第一句：The generation gap is so great in Hong Kong that the teenagers there rarely turn to their parents or teachers for advice on anything.
译文：在香港，代沟的问题很严重，以至于十几岁的孩子很少向父母或老师征询意见。
注：①本句中包含一个so…that…句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。
② generation gap代沟；turn to求助于。
第二句：Whether it be sex, AIDS, school worries or family problems, adults are not considered up to the job.
译文：不管是性、艾滋病、学校中遇到的麻烦，还是家庭问题，他们认为成人都帮不上忙。
注：① whether引导的状语从句，表示“无论，不管”。
②注意要将主句adults are not considered up to the job中的被动变主动。
③注意不要将the job译为这项工作。
第二段：
第一句：Until now, no one has asked Hong Kong youth, “What do you think?”
译文：迄今为止，没人问过香港的年轻人：“你在想什么？”
注：until now迄今为止。
第二句：Some understanding of the emotions of Hong Kong’s youth, however, has come from the work of Dr. Jeffrey Day—at the University of Hong Kong.
译文：然而，香港大学的杰弗里·戴博士所做的研究使我们对香港年轻人的情感有了一些了解。
注：①首先要理解come from含义：……来自于……。
②注意本句语序的调整。为符合汉语表达习惯，必须将原句的主语和宾语调换位置。
③ however是插入语，翻译时应提到句子最前面。
第三句：His survey of young people does not focus, for example, on how many drugs they take—but tries to answer the question why.
译文：他对年轻人的调查，重点不是问他们服用多少种毒品之类的问题，而是试图找到其中缘由。
注：①注意not…but…结构，意为“不是……而是……”。
②注意for example的翻译。本句是在句中的一个例子，如果译为“例如”句子就不太通顺，因此应译为“……之类的问题”更为恰当。
③注意answer the question why的翻译。这里应采用意译较好，译为“找到其中的缘由”。
④ focus on集中，重点是；take drugs服用毒品（注意不要译为吃药）。
第三段：
第一句：Dr. Day hopes the results, which he plans to explain in full next week, will reveal what troubles—as well as pleases—today’s high-school students.
译文：戴博士计划在下周全面解释研究的结果，他希望研究能揭示当今高中学生的喜和忧。
注：①首先分析一下句子结构：主干为：主语（Dr. Day）+谓语动词（hopes）+宾语从句；宾语从句的主语后面接了一个which引导的非限定性定语从句；该宾语从句中的宾语又是what引导的一个宾语从句。
②从整体上看，本句应采用分译法。先译定语从句，再译其他。
③注意what引导的宾语从句的翻译。首先, as well as连接并列成分；其次，注意将动词trouble和please转换成名词。
第二句：Conclusions will be passed on not only to government departments but back to the schools which took part.
译文：研究结论不仅将送呈政府部门，也将通报参加这项调查的学校。
注：①注意not only…but also…连接并列成份。
②要适当运用增词法。Conclusions应译为“研究结论”；the schools which took part后面省略了in the survey，翻译时应将其补充完整，即译为“参加这项调查的学校”。
2．历年翻译考试中出现的典型问题
从近几年的英译翻汉译阅卷的情况来看，考试成绩都不理想。满分为15分的考题，多数考生的成绩都在8分左右，一些考生连3、4分也很难拿到，有的甚至交白卷。考生的翻译能力差，我们认为主要有两方面的原因：一是英语表达能力较差，词汇量“内存”不足；二是缺乏相应的技巧方法及其训练。许多年来，我们的英语学习一直强调听、说、读、写，在外语学习的五大技能中的“译”处于一种几乎完全被忽视的地位。所以，考生的翻译能力远远低于读写的能力。另外，翻译考试的短文或段落的翻译需要把握好句段的结构，不是逐字逐句照着翻译下来就行的，这也增大了翻译的难度，使不少考生感到不好下笔。三是中文表达能力差，不能很好的遣词用句，不能通畅的表达原文意思。
从最近几年英汉对译的卷面情况来看，我们认为造成翻译丢分的主要原因有：
（1）对原文的理解不够。大多数考生由于时间紧张，往往看到句子就草率翻译，对原文的主要框架结构、相互指代关系理解不够准确，因而译文连贯性较差，无法把原文意思表达清楚。
（2）考生不懂得英汉句式结构的差异，对翻译技巧方法更是知之甚少，因此在考试中不能甩开原文的句式结构，不敢进行必要的语序调整或转换，不敢进行词类转换，不会运用增词、减词等最基本的翻译方法。
（3）中文表达能力有限，不能将对英文原文的理解了的内容随心所欲地用汉语清楚地表达出来，甚至还出现错别字现象。
综上所述，考生要想在翻译中获得高分，就必须克服上述问题。关键有两点：一是要加以重视，投入一定的时间做翻译练习；二是掌握必要的翻译技巧和翻译方法，提高英汉表达手段。正确理解原文是确保翻译准确无误的前提，而通顺清楚的表达则是获取高分的保证。功夫到家了，翻译动手能力也就自然而然形成了。
3．翻译应试的策略步骤
为了在翻译考试中获得高分，除了掌握一些翻译技巧方法外，我们建议考生采用下面4个步骤来做翻译题：
（1）快速阅读原文，搞清大致方向。拿到试题后不要匆匆下笔，而要花2分钟把整个文章通读一遍，在大致搞清原文的主旨大意的基础上，再去考虑原文句子的主谓结构和句式框架。
（2）抓住考题结构，把握主次关系。在读第二遍做题之前，要仔细分析要翻译句子的结构。在分清原文主谓结构或主从关系、搞懂句子意思之后，再去考虑译文的结构。为了节省时间，做翻译题时不要打草稿，用铅笔直接在试卷上划出译文的大致结构框架就行了。
（3）选定主谓结构，注意瞻前顾后。选定译文的主谓结构的翻译的关键。译文的主语不一定采用原文的主语，而要根据译入语的表达习惯来决定。同样，原文的谓语也不一定就译为动词。在很多情况下，需要进行词类转换、语态转换等。英译汉时有些词语可能一时无法确定汉语字眼，可以通过上下文来推出它们的意思。汉译英时尽量用自己所掌握的简单句型，不要用没把握的词语和句式结构。
（4）仔细检查译文，确保语句通顺。做完翻译后，先对照原文检查，看译文与原文是否有意思上的出入，有无漏译，然后再丢开原文，检查译文是否通顺。英译汉译文注意别写错别字；汉译英译文要检查拼写错误、时态是否一致等。因为翻译得分的关键是意思准确，文字通顺，无重大语言错误。
[标签:标题] 篇一：2015汉译英句子翻译(包括参考译文) 2015年汉译英综合练习 1. 她就是这样风里来，雨里去，成年累月地工作着。 This is how she carries on her work, rain or shine, all the year round. 2. 西湖如明镜，千峰凝翠，洞壑幽深，风光奇丽。 The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with emerald hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty. 3. 但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。 But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it. 4. 一踏上中华人民共和国国土，我们就随时随地地受到关怀和照顾。 From the moment we stepped into the People’s Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side. 5. 袭人道：“一百年还记得呢！比不得你，拿着我的话当耳边风，夜里说了，早起就忘了。”“I’ll remember it if I live to be a hundred!”said Aroma. “I am not like you, letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.” 6. 要制造飞机，就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。 Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be made. 7. 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢？ Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed onto me? 8. 只有在我过于劳累，在我长时间无间断地工作，在我感到内心空虚，需要补充精神营养 的时候，我才感到寂寞。 I am lonely when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. 9. 中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的反响。 The successful explosion of the first atomic bomb in China caused great repercussions all over the world. 10. 我们应该实行国民经济信息化和科研成果产业化。 We should build an information-based national economy and apply scientific research achievements to industrial production. 11. 你说的倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were very simple. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too? 12. 中国应该用实践向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治、永不称霸。 China should show the world through actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 13. 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。 Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, visited 16 provinces in his lifetime, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. 14. 阿Q将衣服摔在地上，吐一口唾沫，说：“这毛虫”！ Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground, spat, and swore, “Hairy worm!”
第六单元文体翻译 第一节新闻报道 一、新闻翻译的特点 1、翻译讲求实效 2、可以适当增减 ?翻译：遵循翻译标准进行全文翻译。 ?编译：紧扣原作主题思想，从原作选取最有价值的内容，遵循篇章构建的一般规律，基本按照原作的时间先后顺序和逻辑关系组织行文，再按照翻译的一般原则，将其译成目的语的过程。（王涛2004） ?摘译：摘取一些认为重要的或者说传达了重要信息的段落和内容。（俞建村2001）（注意：必须完整地翻译抽取的内容。） ?参见教材第十章“翻译的类型” p135. 3、符合写作要求 （1）手法： ?以尽可能有趣的方式将一定事实展现出来。 （2）结构： ?编年史法（chronological method ）： 依照事实发生先后按时间顺序叙述。 ?新闻导语法（news lead method ）： 依照事实的重要性来铺陈、排列事实。 （3）语言： ?具体、准确、简明、通俗、生动。 4、内容力求准确 二、新闻的翻译 ?标题的翻译 ?电头的翻译 ?导语的翻译 ?正文的翻译 ?了解背景知识 例： US Missile Targets Iraqi Radar Site W ASHINGTON: A United States Air Force F-16 fighter plane fired a missile at an Iraqi radar site after the jet was tracked electronically while in the “no-fly” zone over southern Iraq, the Pentagon said yesterday. But the White House, explaining a long delay in announcing the strike, said it was unclear whether Iraqi radar has “locked on” to the plane on Saturday. A Pentagon spokesman said the F-16 returned safely to its base in Saudi Arabia. It was not immediately known if the Iraqi site was damaged. The spokesman, confirming the strike about 18 hours after it occurred, said an investigation was under way. Iraq denied any such incident had taken place. 美导弹击中伊拉克雷达基地 华盛顿电：五角大楼昨日宣称：一架美空军F－16战斗机在伊拉克南部禁飞区被电子跟踪后，向伊一雷达基地发射了导弹。 但是白宫在解释拖延很久才公布这次打击行动的原因时称：星期六时尚不清楚伊雷达是否已“锁定”了这架飞机。 五角大楼的一位发言人说，该F—16战斗机已安全返回设在沙特阿拉伯的基地，伊雷
43. I‘m wondering why he hasn’t turned _____ at the meeting. A. down B. up C. out D. over 44. Contrary _____popular belief，moderate exercise actually decreases your appetite. A. on B. at C. against D. to 45. _____ the storm，we have to postpone the flight. A. Owing to B. Thanks to C. Because D. As 46. By using both ears one can tell the direction _____ a sound comes. A. in which B. from which C. over which D. with which 47. When she worked with the government，she _____ the difficult task of monitoring elections. A. overworked B. overtook C. underwent D. undertook 48. Apparently，it wasn‘t an accident. Someone must have done it on _____. A. intention B. determination C. purpose D. reason 49. _____ conclusion，walking is a cheap，safe and enjoyable form of exercise. A. In B. On C. By D. As
一、翻译下列句子，注意选词： 1.人民现在为什么拥护我们？就是这十几年有发展。 2.由于全球气候变暖，海平面在一点点地上升。 3.改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。 4.我们的企业应着重提高国际竞争力。 5.中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。 6.湖区水位提高可能要危及竹子的生长。这意味着以竹子为食物的大熊猫也将 受到威胁。 参考译文： 1.Why do people support us? Because our economy has been developing. 2.The sea level is rising little by little in the consequence of global warming. 3.Reforms and the open policy have also emancipated the minds of the people. 4.We need to be enhancing international competitiveness. 5.China’s modernization is inseparable from her economic cooperation and trade ties with other nations. 6.Higher water levels in the lake area may endanger the growing of bamboos, which means giant pandas that feed on these plants will suffer, too. 二、物称与人称（翻译下列句子，注意运用物称表达法） 我想到希望，忽然害怕起来了。 他气得话也说不出来。 我一时想不起他的名字。 我疏忽了这个问题。 我兴奋得什么话都说不出来。 走过草地几步，我们就到了一个华丽的大酒店。 你只消仔细比较一下，就会发现不同。 一看到那棵大树，我便想起了童年的情景。 恕我孤陋寡闻，对此关系一无所知。 凭良心讲，你待我礼貌有加，我却受之有愧。 参考译文： The access of hope made me suddenly afraid. Anger choked his words. His name escaped me for the moment. This point slipped my attention. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance. A few steps across the lawn brought me to a large, splendid hotel.
TEXT 41 The bane ofItaly 祸起意大利（陈继龙编译） Jun29th 2006 FromThe Economist print edition ALEXANDER STILLE'S new book on Silvio Berlusconi, the flamboyant[1]former Italian prime minister, is neither a b________①nor a work of investigative journalism.Its real value is that it represents the first attempt, in English at least, to recount in a readable fashion the story, not of Mr Berlusconi himself, but of Berlusconi-ism. （1）That gives it a wide appeal, for, as its author argues persuasively, Berlusconi-ism is the extrapolation[2]to grotesque[3] extremes of a phenomenon that has gradually, and all too imperceptibly, become widespread. 亚历山大·斯蒂莱的新作写的是个性张扬的意大利前任总理西尔维奥·贝鲁斯科尼，但它并非是一本传记，也不是新闻调查作品。其真正的价值在于，它首次尝试以一种可读性较强的风格，记述了“贝鲁斯科尼主义”而不是贝鲁斯科尼的生平。这也是本书独具魅力之所在，因为诚如作者很有说服力地论证的那样，“贝鲁斯科尼主义”是对某种现象怪诞至极时的推论，这种现象日趋普遍而所有人却都浑然不觉。 Mr Stille is at his best when he describes how a man with a corporation with billions of dollars of d_______②succeeded in less than eight months, between 1993 and 1994, in turning himself into his country's leader. （2）Along the way, he identifies various keysto Mr Berlusconi's success. 斯蒂莱先生最出彩的描写是，一个拥有一家债台高筑的公司的人，如何在1993年至1994年间的短短8个月内，成功地使自己成为国家领导人。他在书中一一揭示了贝鲁斯科尼的成功要诀。 TEXT 40 Selling the sage of Qufu 推销孔圣人（陈继龙编译） Jul6th 2006 | TOKYO FromThe Economist print edition
20个重点汉译英句型 1、There be 有迹象表明，不少工厂正面临着十分困难的局面。 There are indications that numerous factories are faced with a very difficult situation 二、形式主语 例：玛丽觉得毕．靠自己的力量执行她的计划是困难的。 Mary thought it difficult to carry out her plan all by herself. 三、Not h i n g b ut··· 例：艾米过去除了咖啡什么都不喝。 Amy used to drink nothing but coffee. 四、发现(看见＼听见)谁做什么 例：亚当斯先生发现他1 3岁的儿子正从他的皮夹子里偷钱时大为震惊。 Mr. Adams was greatly shocked to find his 13-year-old son stealing money from his wallet. 五、动词不定式的否定式 例：他努力控制住自己的感情，假装没有听见那个令人悲痛的消息。 With an effort, he held in his feelings and pretended not to hear the sad news. 1、表手段 例：作者想通过这篇文章向读者传达她对赞扬与批评的看法。 Through the article the author wants to convey to the readers her views on praise and criticism. 七、比较结构 例：他比任何对手的得分都高得多，证明他不愧为一个胜利者。 He scored far more points / much higher than any of his rivals and proved himself a worthy winner 例：我们常常发现，运用一个规律比懂的它要难的多。 We often find it much more difficult to apply a rule than to know it 八、Ca n，t h e I p···d o i n g a b o ut 例：她读这部小说时，不禁想起了她在农村度过的那五年。 When she read the novel, she couldn’t help thinking of the five years she had spent in the countryside. 九、连续性动词。 例：我正忙着做一种新的捕鼠装置时，马克走来拖着我出去看花展了。 I was busy making a new device for catching rats when Mark came and dragged me out to a flowers show. 十、b efo r e句型 例：我想先和你讨论一下这篇文章的英译稿，然后再把它寄给霍布斯先生。
B5M1(句子翻译) 1.It_doesn’t_matter_whether you will attend the party or not. 你来不来参加派对并不重要。 2.Many students are hot on playing computer games, while Wang Chen likes playing Weiqi. 许多学生热衷于电脑游戏，而王琛却喜欢下围棋。 .They have a lot in common and get along well with each other. 3.他们有很多相同之处，相处得很融洽。 .They are twin sisters, yet they have_little_in_common in their hobbies. 4.她们是孪生姐妹，但是她们的业余爱好几乎没有相同之处。 .In_common_with other companies, they advertise widely as well. 5.和其他公司一样，他们也广泛地做广告。 .One false step will make a great difference. 6.失之毫厘，谬以千里。 .The twins look so similar that you can hardly tell_the_difference_between them. 7.这对双胞胎看起来太像了，你简直无法把他们区分开来。 .It might be obvious to you, but it isn’t to me. 8.这对你来说也许很容易理解，但对我却并非如此。 .It_is_obvious_that the two Englishes have much in common. 9.很显然，这两种英语有很多共同之处。 .Obviously (obvious), American spelling is simpler than British spelling. 10很显然，美式拼写要比英式拼写简单。 .Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news gets around quickly. 11.好事不出门，坏事传千里。 .It’s time I got down to some serious work. 12.我该认真干点正事了。 .I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn’t get through. 13.昨天我试着给你打过几次电话，但是没有打通。 .A man in confusion (confuse) cannot focus on the required work. 14.思绪混乱的人不可能集中精力做他被要求做的工作。 ③The confused look on his face suggested that he was confused about the confusing questions asked by his parents.(confuse) 15.他脸上迷惑的表情表明他对父母问的那些令人迷惑的问题感到困惑。 They confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally confused, standing there in confusion, not knowing what to do.
如何做好xx 英译汉是运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。而英译汉的过程则是正确理解英语原文和创造性地用汉语再现英语原文的过程，在英译汉的过程中，有两点值得我们特别地注意： （1）汉语所要表达的是英语原文的内容，即句子或文章的意义，而不是句子结构； （2）在翻译过程中，英语原文的内容要准确而完整地重新表达出来，而不是将两种语言结构进行简单的转换。 英译汉的过程包括理解，分析句架表达和校核三个阶段，理解是表达的前提，若不能正确地理解原文就谈不上确切的表达，但理解与表达通常是互相联系，往返反复的过程，在进行汉语表达的时候，又可以进一步加深对原文的理解，因此，在英译汉的过程中，往往需要考生从英语到汉语，再从汉语到英语反复的推敲。 一、理解 理解阶段的目的在于读懂英语原文，弄清原文的意思。 （1）通读全文。 （2）分析句子结构。中国的英语学习者往往具有非常好的英语语法知识，在做翻译试题时也应充分发挥和利用这一优势。在分句子结构时，我们要注意首先把句子的主语、谓语和宾语找出来，这样句子的骨干结构也就清楚了，在分析句子的骨干结构时还应该注意分析句子中成分是否有省略的地方，主句和从句之间的关系是否明确等等。 （3）理解句子含义。理解句子的依据除了句子本身之外，还有该句子所处的具体的语言环境。在此阶段应清楚下列问题：A.句子中是否含有代词和其他具有指代意义的词，如果有，应根据上下文确定它们指代的内容是什么；B.句子中的短语和一些常用的词往往具有多种含义和用法，那么，在该句中它们的具体含义是什么；C.按照你的理解，该部分的意义是否与全篇文章的内容一致，有无相互矛盾。总之，在动手翻译之前，首先要读懂原文，不要一上来就急于动
英汉基础翻译要点 第三章抽象名词的译法 英语民族重抽象思维,擅长用抽象概念表达具体事物,在文章中出现大量的表达抽象概念的名词.如:等等.抽象名词的翻译比较复杂,需要根据上下文具体地确定这些抽象名词的表达. 3.1 由动词抽象而来的名词译成动词 英语中有名词化的亲倾向,即用名词表达动作,行为等本来由动词表达的意义.这种词多是动词的同源名词. 例1.The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israel's right to exist. 1967年的联合国的文件呼吁解决中东冲突,其基础是以色列从被占领的土地上撤退,阿拉伯国家则承认以色列人的生存权. 句中的抽象名词"settlement", "withdrawal", "acknowledgement",连同相关的词,可以用汉语中的动词"解决","撤退","承认"来表达. 例2.The growing awareness by millions of people of their intolerable condition of life had promoted them to revolt. 千百万人民日益意识到自己的生活条件不堪忍受,这促使他们起来反抗. 3.2 含有动作意义的抽象名词译成动词 英语中另一个倾向是有许多动词意义或动作意义,这类词汇在译成汉语时通常要译为动词.如: 例1.She said this with a provocative glance and a gleam of teeth. 她说这话时挑衅地看了一眼,还把牙一吡. 例2.One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism. 发言者一个接一个,号召打倒帝国主义. 例3.An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. 了解一点世界史,对学习时事有帮助. 例4.Modern English polite society seems to me as corrupt as consciousness of culture and absence of honesty can make it. 英国现代上流社会,据我看来,已经被有文化却无廉耻的人们尽其能事地弄到最腐朽的程度. 句中consciousness和absence都是含有动词意义的名词.前者相当于being conscious of 或being aware of,作"意识到"解,可译为consciousness of culture"有文化". 3.3 抽象名词作主语汉译时要改变其句子成分 英语中的抽象名词可作各种成分,而且有一个常见的现象是抽象名词作句子的主语.这与汉语的习惯不同,因为汉语习惯于用表示人或生物的词作主语,在思维方面往往以"人"为中心,认为只有人才能做出有意识的动作或具有有意识的行为.因而,英文中以抽象名词作主语时,汉译时要根据上下文予以改变,使汉语表达以"人"为中心.如: 例1.American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson. 托马斯·杰弗逊对美国的教育事业做出了巨大的贡献. 例2.The thought of returning filled him with fear. 他一想到还要返回,心理就害怕. 例3.My shock and embarrassment at finding mother in tears on Wednesday was a perfect index of how little I understand the pressure on her. 星期三发现妈妈哭了,我感到震惊和窘迫,这说明我对妈妈身上的压力多么不理解. 例4. The satisfaction of killing time and of affording some outlet, however modest, for ambition, belongs to most work, and is sufficient to make even a man whose work is dull happier on the
2019英译汉浪漫的句子集锦 1."As You Wish." -The Princess Pride《公主新娘》 如你所愿这是一句魔咒，会勾去人心哦 2."You make me want to be a better man." 一As Good As It Gets《尽善尽美》 你让我想成为一个更好的人女人能让男人，妻子能让丈夫达到的最高境界 3、我喜欢你，很久了，等你，也很久了，现在，我要离开，比很久很久还要久。 Ilike you，for a long time，wait for you，also long，now，I want to leave，longer and longer than long. 4、曾经沧海难为水，除却巫山不是云。取次花丛懒回顾，半缘修道半缘君。
Have sailed the seven seas for water，except Wushan not cloud.Take the second flower bush laziness review，half margin monarch monarch. 5、我不知道遇见你是对是错，只知道遇见你我开心过。 I don't know it's right to meet you.I just know I'm happy to meet you. 6、与卿同一身，此生愿足矣。 The same as the Qing，this life is enough. 7、想牵你的手，一起到一个叫永远的地方，看天长地久的风景，尝海枯石烂的味道。 Want to hold your hand，go to a place called forever，see enduring as the universe scenery，taste the taste of the solid. 8、不是完美情人，就是精神病人。 It is not a perfect lover，or a mental patient.
英译汉篇章翻译练习（2） Proverbs are the popular sayings that brighten so much Latin American talk, the boiled-down wisdom that you are as apt to hear from professors as from peasants, from beggars as from elegances. Brief and colorful, they more often than not carry a sting. When a neighbor?s dismally unattractive daughter announced her engagement, Imelda remarked, “You know what they say, Senora: …There?s no pot so ugly it can?t find a lid.?” And when her son-in-law blustered about how he was going to get even with the boss who had docked his pay, Imelda fixed him with a cold eye and said, “Little fish does not eat big fish.” One afternoon, I heard Imelda and her daughter arguing in the kitchen. Her daughter had quarreled with her husband?s parents, and Imelda was in sisting that she apologized to them. Her daughter objected. “But, Mama, I just can?t swallow them, not even with honey. They talk so big until we need something; then they?re too poor. So today when they wouldn?t even lend us enough to pay for a new bed, a ll I did was say something that I?ve heard you say a hundred times: …If so grand, why so poor? If so poor, why so grand?” “Impertinent!” snorted Imelda. “Have I not also taught you, …What the tongue says, the neck pays for?? I will not have it said that I could never teach my daughter proper respect for her elders. And before you go to beg their pardon, change those trousers for a dress. You know how your mother-in-law feels about pants on a woman. She always says, …What was hatched a hen must not try to be a rooster!” Her daughter made one more try. “But Mama, you often say, …If the saint is annoyed, don?t pray to him until he gets over it.? Can?t I leave it for tomorrow?” “No, no and no! Remember: …If the dose is nasty, swallow it fast.? You know, my child, you did wrong. But, …A gift is the key to open the door closed against you.? I have a cake in the oven that I was making for the Senora?s dinner, I will explain to the Senora. Now, dear, hurry home and make yourself pretty in your pink dress. By the time you get back, I will have the cake ready for you to take to your mother-in-law. She will be so pleased that she may make your father-in-law pay for the bed. Remember: …One hand washes the other, but together they wash the face.?”
Unit one Stumbling block in intercultural communication 1 在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。 It’s appropriate at this time of major changes in the international scene to take a look at some of the disappointing results of attempts at communication. They are actually stumbling block in international communication. 7 本国居民可能会被灌输有这种期望：既然外国人穿着合适，并且能说一些本国话，那么他或她也有同样的非语言的准则、想法和感觉。 The native inhabitants are likely to be lulled into the expectation that ,since the foreign person is dressed appropriately and speak some of the language,he or she will also have similar nonverbal codes ,thoughts and feelings. 8 更糟糕的问题是死死抱住新语言中一个词汇或短语的一种意义，而不顾隐含义和语境。 A worse language problem is the tenacity with which someone will cling to just one meaning of a word or phrase in the new language, regardless of connotation or context. 11 先入为主和程式化思维的现象
全国翻译资格（水平）考试英译汉方面应重视的问题 陈炳发全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语专家委员会委员 有幸多次参与国家人事部组织、外文局实施并管理的全国翻译资格（水平）考试的阅卷、质检工作，我发现，一些考生翻译水平还是不错的，但对于翻译的基本常识缺乏了解，不知道如何规范地处理数字、人名、地名、机构名、缩略语以及其他问题，因而或多或少地影响了个人的成绩。以下是我收集整理的一些考试中常见的“雷区”，可能对考生提高考试成绩有所助益。 一、数字 关于数字用法的问题，国家主管部门已有具体规定，各翻译出版机构以及一些国际组织也有自己的专门规定。有志于从事翻译职业的人应该对这些有起码的了解。 一般的规定是，对于纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值，无论原文是否使用阿拉伯数字，译文一般用阿拉伯数字。例如：原文“654,321,000”，译文中照抄“654,321,000”即可；不能译为6亿5千4百32万1千。原文“fifty million”，可译为“5 000万”；不能译为“五十百万”，或“50百万”。对于万以上数字，中文一般以“万”和“亿”为单位；原文“half a billion”，可译为“5亿”。原文“five trucks”，可译为“5辆卡车”；原文“3-4 percent”，可译为“3%-4%”；原文“five percentage points”，可译为“5个百分点”。 原文用英文数字或罗马数字表示的，除纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值的情况外，译文用汉字。例如：原文“Chapter II”，可译为“第二章”，不能译为“第2章”；原文“Committee of Twenty-four”，可译为“二十四国委员会”，不能译为“24国委员会”；原文“Sixty-fourth Sessio n”，可译为“第六十四届会议”，不能译为“第64届会议”。 在原文中，数字如作为词素构成固定的词、词组、惯用语、缩略语、具有修辞色彩的语句，以及邻近两个数字连用表示概数的情况，则译文中可使用汉字；整数一至十，如果不是出现在具有统计意义的一组数字中，可以用汉字，但要照顾到上下文，以便求得局部体例上的一致。例如：原文“quarter”，应译为“四分之一”；原文“three to four people”，则译为“三四人”；原文“Third World”，可译为“第三世界”；原文“several thousand people”，则译为“几千人”；原文“five principles”，可译为“五项原则”；原文“four or five hundred”，可译为“四五百”；原文“well over sixty”，可译为“六十好几了（年龄）”, 原文“50-odd years old”，可译为“五十出头”, 原文“a little over 30 years old”，可译为“三十挂零”等等。
句子英译汉 I t is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter altogether. 当然油箱里装满优质汽油倒是好事，但是驾驶室里要是坐着横冲直撞的司机就完全是另一回事了。 He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job. 他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩. A continuous increase in the trade volume of China’s exports has led to a continuous demand from some major developed countries of the increase in the value of China’s currency. 中国出口贸易额度持续增加,已导致了一些主要发达国家不断要求中国货币升值. He is a great liar. 他老说谎. In spite of the growth of other kinds of transport, railroads continue to be, as they used to be over years, the backbone of the transportation industry. 尽管其他各种交通工具都发展了，铁路仍然是运输业的骨干，正如它多年来一直是运输业的骨干一样。 The developed countries are full of skilled labor and capital, while developing countries which are lack of skilled workers and capital need to import technology-intensive products from these countries. 发达国家拥有大量的熟练劳动力和资本，而缺乏熟练工人和资本的发