第十一课时主谓一致和特殊句式
1.In any unsafe situation, simply ________ the button and a highly－trained agent will get you the help you need.(2018·北京卷)
A.press
B.to press
C.pressing
D.pressed
答案A[句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会给你需要的帮助。根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以用动词原形。] 2.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.(2018·天津卷)
A.which
B.that
C.when
D.where
答案B[去掉题干的It was和空处后，这个句子语法结构依然完整，表示“只有当汽车停在我家房前的时候，我们才看到乘客座位上的莉莉”，因此这是一个强调句式，被强调的是“only＋状语从句”，因此选B。]
3.It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.(2017·天津卷)
A.who
B.where
C.which
D.that
答案D[句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。故选D。]
4.The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.(2017·江苏卷) A.is B.are
C.was
D.were
答案C[先行词是Great Expectations，是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。句意：《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。]
5.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ as one of the best all－round forms of exercise.(2017·天津卷)
A.regard
B.is regarded
C.are regarded
D.regards
答案B[句意：现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard...as...把……看作……和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A 和D，再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with连接的三个动名词做主语，谓语动词应该与along with前面的名词相一致，即用单数，排除C，故选B。]
6.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________the coach picks up tourists.(2016·天津卷)
A.who
B.which
C.where
D.that
答案D[句意：你等错地方了，长途客车是在旅馆接游客的。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个对地点状语进行强调的强调句型，故用that。]
主谓一致
一、语法一致原则
1. 动名词、动词不定式、主语从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.
爱和被爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。
2. 主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，along with，besides，but，except，including，rather than等，谓语动词的人称和数与主语的人称和数保持一致。
My father，together with his workmates，has been to Beijing.我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。
3. and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式，但是如果由and 连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词需用单数形式。
A famous writer and poet is to give a talk.
一位著名的作家兼诗人将要做一次报告。
4. 定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。在“It＋be＋被强调部分＋that/who...”强调句型中，be一般用单数形式。如果强调的是主语，that/who后的谓语动词由被强调的主语决定。
It is I who am going to be a pilot.
是我将成为一名飞行员。
Anyone who has questions to ask，please come to my office this afternoon.
有问题要问的人，今天下午到我办公室来。
5. “more than one/many a＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall.许多课桌和凳子将被
搬出大厅。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。
二、意义一致原则
1. 集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
The class are doing experiments.
全班学生都在做实验。
2.“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义：all，some，half，most，the rest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.我们星球的表面百分之
七十都被水覆盖着。
3.“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。
4.a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式；quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
With more and more forests being destroyed，a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.
→With more and more forests being destroyed，quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
5.“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多”；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“……的数量”。
A number of students have gone for an outing.
许多学生去远足了。
The number of the students is increasing year after year.学生的数量逐年增加。
6.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.
对于一个男孩来说，3 000 美元是一笔大数目。
三、就近一致原则
1.当or，nor，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.
不仅学生而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。
Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk.
他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。
2.在here，there置于句首的倒装句中，当主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与其邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
There stands the teaching building between the two rows of trees.
教学楼在两排树之间。
There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil－box.
→There are two pens and a pencil in the pencil－box.
文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。
特殊句式
1 倒装句
一、完全倒装
完全倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。这种结构须满足四个条件：
1.here, there, out, then, thus等副词置于句首
2.谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run, rush等表示来去或状态的动词
3.主语是名词不能是代词
4.谓语动词的时态是一般现在时或一般过去时
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
轰炸机底下窜出一枚导弹。
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词提至主语之前。这种结构有下列情况：
1.句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, in no way, not until..., hardly/scarcely...when, no sooner...than等。
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
她刚出门，就有个学生来访。
2.so, neither, nor位于句首时句子用部分倒装。
在以so, nor, neither开头的倒装句中，so用于肯定句，表示“也一样，也这样”；nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。
Tom can speak French.So can Jack.
汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。
If you don’t go，neither will I.
如果你不去，我也不去。
3.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。
Only in this way can you learn English well.
只有用这种方式，你才能学好英语。
4.其他部分倒装。
(1)“so/such...that”句型中的so/such位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
他很害怕，动也不敢动。
(2)在虚拟语气条件句中，可将if省略，把were, had, should移到主语之前。Were I you, I would try it again.
我是你的话，就再试一次。
(3)as作为“虽然，尽管”讲，引导让步状语从句时，要用倒装结构，把状语、表语或动词原形提前，通常as可以换成though。
Much as he liked the story book, he donated it to the charity.
虽然他非常喜欢这本故事书，他还是把它捐给了慈善机构。
Try as he might，he can do nothing about the present situation.
尽管他会努力，但他对当前的局势也无能为力。
[名师点津]
(1)当not until引导主从复合句且位于句首时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首则不倒装。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.直到孩子睡着，妈妈才离开房间。
(2)当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构，意为“的确如此”。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。
2 强调句
1.英语中常用的强调句型的结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。其中，被强调部分通常是句子的主语、宾语或状语。要注意的是that/who 后面句中的谓语动词的人称和数要与被强调部分保持一致。
It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。(强调主语)
2.句型变换
(1)一般疑问句形式为“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？”
Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry?
是因为杰克上课迟到让史密斯先生生气的吗？
(2)特殊疑问句形式为“特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他部分？”
When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?
他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？
(3)含有not...until 结构的强调句式为“It is/was not until ＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分”。
It is not until you’ve finished your homework that you are allowed to go out.
直到你把作业做完才准出去。
[名师点津]若强调谓语，要在谓语动词前加do/does/did，这种强调只适用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句。
The scientist did devote all his life to his research work.
这位科学家的确把他的一生献给了研究工作。
3 祈使句
1.祈使句的基本用法
祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)，有时也可用everybody, someone, anybody等不定代词。
2.祈使句表示假设的情况
(1)“祈使句＋and＋陈述句(一般将来时)”。
①名词词组＋and＋陈述句
名词词组中通常含有more, another, further, earlier等词。
One step further and you’ll fall down.
再多走一步，你就会摔倒。
Just a little more patience and we’ll look into it soon.
再耐心点儿，我们很快就会调查此事。
②祈使句＋破折号＋陈述句
Try some of this juice—perhaps you’ll like it.
尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢它的。
(2)“祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句”，相当于“if...not＋主句”。
Hurry up or we’ll be late for the meeting.
→If we don’t hurry up, we’ll be late for the meeting.
快点儿，不然我们开会就迟到了。
[名师点津]祈使句后的反义疑问句不表示反问，而表示一种语气。其结构为：·肯定祈使句，＋will/won’t you?
·否定祈使句，＋will you?
·Let us...，＋will you?
·Let’s...，＋shall we?
Close the window，will/won’t you?
关上窗户，好吗？
Let’s go to the bookstore, shall we?
我们去书店，好吗？
4 省略句
一、英语中一些固定的省略结构
1.在以if, when, though, as if(好像)等连词引导的状语从句中，若从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致且谓语动词是be，常将从句中的主语和动词be省略。Whenever free，he will come to my help.
他一有空就来帮助我。
While cycling，don’t forget the traffic lights.
骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。
2.由固定词组引导的疑问句。
What about having a game of chess?
下盘棋怎么样？
How come they left you alone here?
他们怎么会把你一个人留在这里呢？
What if it’s raining?
如果天下雨怎么办？
Why not try again?
为什么不再试试呢？
二、与不定式相关的省略
1.通常为了避免重复，在联系密切的语境中，作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式常省略，只保留不定式符号to。
She went teaching because she wanted to (go teaching).
她去教书，因为她想去。
2.如果不定式符号to后面是be时，要保留be。如果不定式用了完成时，要保留到助动词have。
The city now is much noisier than it used to be.
这个城市现在比过去喧闹多了。
3.如果不定式作表语，用于解释do的内容，to也常可省略。
What I did was (to) lay the table.
我所要做的是摆桌子。
1 分清主语、找准谓语法
做主谓一致的题目时，由于在句子中，有一些主语容易受到别的词的影响，往往造成一些理解上的错误，如主语后面接with, together with，along with，but，as well as等短语时，谓语应与前面的名词保持一致，记住：谓语动词的单复数要和主语中的中心词一致。
(1)Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A.is
B.are
C.has
D.have
答案C[动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项，根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A项。]
(2)Such poets as Shakespeare ________widely read，of whose works，however，some ________ difficult to understand.
A.are；are
B.is；is
C.are；is
D.is；are
答案A[主句中的主语应为poets，谓语动词用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some of whose works，谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。]
2 还原法
一般说来，对于一些特殊的句型，我们可以把它还原为正常的句型，如把倒装句还原为陈述句等等。
(1)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ________，one of the ten largest cities in China.
A.lies Chongqing
B.Chongqing lies
C.does lie Chongqing
D.does Chongqing lie
答案A[分析句子结构得知，此处将地点状语提前且主语为名词，故句子需用完全倒装形式，所以选A项。]
(2)—Is everyone here?
—Not yet...Look，there ________ the rest of our guests!
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5716842429.html,e
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5716842429.html,es
C.is coming
D.are coming
答案A[本句中there放在句首，句子采用了倒装句式，谓语动词的单复数应该根据句子的主语the rest of our guests来判断，故答案为A。]
3 结构分析法
在一些试题中要注意区别一些特殊的句型，如倒装句、强调句、反义疑问句、祈使句等。
(1)It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village ________ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
A.where
B.that
C.when
D.which
答案B[本题为强调句型，符合It was＋被强调部分＋that...结构。此题迷惑点在于强调部分中含有一个定语从句that she had bought in the village。]
(2)John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work ________ has made him what he is today.
A.why
B.when
C.which
D.that
答案D[本题为强调句型，被强调部分为years of hard work，故选D。]
4 固定句型判断法
在平时的学习中，要掌握各种句型，注意积累一些经典的句型，把它们运用到日常写作中，以达到真正掌握的目的。
—English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?
—Yes.________ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A.Know
B.Knowing
C.To know
D.Known
答案A[根据题干中的and和will就可以判断答案是A。本句是“祈使句＋and/or＋主语＋will...”结构，祈使句表示条件，相当于一个条件句。]
1.Don’t press the red button，________you will set off the alarm.
A.but
B.or
C.so
D.and
答案B[句意：不要按红色按钮，不然警报就会拉响。在固定句式“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”中，祈使句相当于一个条件句，符合该条件就会有后面的结果，就用连词and；不符合该条件就不会有后面的结果，就用连词or。故B项正确。]
2.It might have saved me some trouble ________ the schedule.(江苏卷)
A.did I know
B.have I known
C.do I know
D.had I known
答案D[句意：要是早知道时间表的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦。由句意和might have saved可知，句子用了虚拟语气。本句表示与过去事实相反的情况，故从句谓语用had known。if引导的非真实条件句中含有were，had，should时，可将它们提到主语之前，并将if省略。]
3.Several melon stalls were below the window and above them ________ with a big clock on top of it.(2019·苏北四市高三第一次调研)
A.was the Telecom Tower
B.were the Telecom Tower
C.the Telecom Tower was
D.the Telecom Tower were
答案A[题干为表语倒装句，还原出来应该是the telecom tower was above them 所以选A。]
4.________，they couldn’t make her change her mind.
A.Hard as they tried
B.Tried hard as they
C.As they tried hard
D.They tried as hard
答案A[句意：尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。as引导让步状语从句时，采用部分倒装的形式，故选A。]
5.The director was fully convinced that this moving story，if ________for television，would be a hit.
A.adapted
B.being adapted
C.to be adapted
D.having been adapted
答案A[此处为条件状语从句中的省略，省略了主语及系动词，补全后为if it was adapted for television，故选A。]
6.Then________，each waiting for the other to let the cat out of the bag.
A.did the silence come
B.came the silence
C.the silence coming
D.the silence came
答案B[在题干中，副词“Then”位于句首时，句子应使用全部倒装结构，由此可排除未使用倒装的C、D两项；A项为部分倒装形式，也可排除；B项为全部倒装结构。]
7.The remains of the ship sunk in a bomb attack in the 19th century ________ so far.
A.wasn’t found
B.weren’t found
C.hasn’t been found
D.haven’t been found
答案D[句意：那艘在19世纪的一次炸弹袭击中被击沉的船的残骸至今还没有被发现。根据句中的“so far”可知，此处应用现在完成时；又因句子的主语是remains，故谓语动词需要用复数形式。]
8.You should be fully prepared before going walking in the mountain.Above all，
________plenty of drinking water with you.
A.to bring
B.brought
C.bringing
D.bring
答案D[句意：去山里散步之前你应该做好充分的准备。最重要的是要带足够多的饮用水。分析句子结构及语境可知后一句缺少谓语，故选D。]
9.To my great surprise, there at the door ________ trembling in wet clothes.
A.stood a girl
B.a girl stood
C.did a girl stand
D.had a girl stood
答案A[句意：让我很吃惊的是，门口站着一个正在颤抖的女孩，衣服湿透了。介词短语置于句首，且句子主语为名词时，句子要用全部倒装，即介词短语＋谓语＋主语。故选A。]
10.Hardly ________ on the stage when the audience rose and cheered.
A.had the singer appeared
B.did the singer appear
C.was the singer appeared
D.appeared the singer
答案A[hardly...when...表示“一……就……”，hardly为表否定意义的副词，位于句首时句子使用部分倒装；在hardly...when...结构中，主句一般用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。故此处应将had提前，A项正确。]
11.When we ________ a mistake, we must correct it fully, openly, and as quickly as possible.
A.do make
B.don’t make
C.making
D.not making
答案A[句意：当我们的确犯错误时，我们必须尽快地、公开地并完全地改正它。在谓语动词前面加助动词do/does/did，表示强调。]
12.All the scientific evidence ________that increasing use of chemicals in farming
________ damaging our health.
A.show；are
B.shows；are
C.show；is
D.shows；is
答案D[句意：所有的科学证据表明：农业方面越来越多的使用化学物质正在损害着我们的健康。主语是evidence “证据(不可数名词)”，所以谓语动词应用单数式shows，宾语从句的主语是use “使用(不可数名词)”，所以要用is。]
13.The basketball coach, as well as his team，________ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A.were
B.was
C.is
D.are
答案B[as well as放在作主语的名词或代词后边，动词要与主语取得一致，故谓语动词用单数形式，且由语境确定B项正确。]
14.To recognize and respect a country’s own culture does not mean to close the door to the others，________ to stand upon a principle of being superior.
A.and it means
B.but it means
C.so does it mean
D.neither does it mean
答案D[前一分句是否定句，后一分句应用neither或nor倒装。句意：承认和尊重一个国家自己的文化并不意味着闭关锁国，也不意味着妄自尊大。] 15.—With this New Year ________ new challenges.
—Sure.Global economy remains uncertain，and many countries continue to struggle.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5716842429.html,es
B.will come
C.is coming
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5716842429.html,e
答案D[该句为完全倒装句。如果不倒装的话，应为：New challenges________ with the new year.由此可知New challenges(复数)作句子的主语。又因为New Year 和new challenges为同时发生(均为一般现在时)，故其谓语动词应用come。句意：“新的一年带来了新的挑战。”“肯定是的。全球经济仍不确定以及许多国家在不断地进行争斗。”]
第十讲特殊句式（倒装，省略，主谓一致等） 1．完全倒装 (1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。 John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.下雨了，伞都撑起来了。 [点津]上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则主谓语不用倒装。 Away they went.他们走了。 (2)表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。 Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。 Gone are the days when we were poor.我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。 2．部分倒装 (1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.(摘自2011湖南高考) 直到他们把那个问题讨论了几个小时之后才作出决定。 (2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。 Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.(摘自2010江西高考) 直到他离开了家，他才开始知道家庭对他来说有多么重要。 (3)hardly ...when ..., no sooner ...than ..., not only ...but also ...等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。 Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.一听到这个消息他就哭了。 The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers' energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons. 电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也(不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语……。 Since my return to China, I haven't seen my host mother in America, nor have I heard from her. 自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。 [点津]so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。 —It is too hot. ——天太热了。 —So it is. ——是啊，的确很热。 (5)在so ...that ...和such ...that ...句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。 So frightened was she that she could not say a word.她如此害怕以致于一句话也说不出来。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以致于受到了表扬。 (6)as, though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。 Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.(摘自2009重庆高考) 虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是为了得到一些工作经验他还是接受了。 Much as he likes the car, he can't afford it.尽管他很喜欢这辆车，但他买不起。 1．The notice says that only when your identity has been checked ________________. (allow) 通知写到：只有当身份得到核实时才能允许你进来。答案：will you be allowed in 2．We laugh at jokes, but seldom ______________________ about how they work.(think) 听到笑话我们会大笑，但是我们很少思考他们是怎样起作用的。答案：do we think 1．强调句型 结构：It is/was ＋被强调部分＋that ＋其他部分。如果被强调的部分是人，可用who代替that。 (1)时态的运用：强调句中的时态要根据原句的时态来确定用is 还是was。即原句为过去的某种时态，则强调
一、语法一致 1.不可数名词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。 Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火很危险。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided．他们还没有决定是否举行晚会。 When and where to build the factory is not decided yet.何时何地建厂还未定下来。 2.由and 连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语通常用复数。如： Tom and Mary have been married for ten years.汤姆和玛丽结婚10年了。 The bread and the butter taste good.奶油和面包很好吃。 注意事项： （1）当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时，谓语用第三人称单数形式（这时应注意冠词的用法：后一个名词前无冠词）。 The poet and writer has gone to Beijing 那位诗人兼作家去北京了。 There is a knife and fork on the table.桌上有一副刀叉。 Here is a needle and thread for you.这是给你的针线。 Bread and butter tastes good.奶油面包很好吃。 Time and tide waits for no man.岁月不待人。 （2）and所连接的连个名词前分别有every, each, no, many a等修饰时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如： Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳。 No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席。 Each teacher and(each)student was given a book．每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。 Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting. 在会上，很多老师和学生发了言。 （3）在某些谚语中，由and连接的两个并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也会傻。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聪明。 3.当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, accompanied by, like, except, but, besides, no less than, as well as, including, in addition to, rather than 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。如： The teacher, together with his students is watching TV. 老师和学生们正在看电视。 The girls as well as the teacher are dancing.女生和那位老师在跳舞。 Nobody but Tom and Jack knows the secret.除了汤姆和杰克没人知道这个秘密。 4.不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, some one,
主谓一致与特殊句式跟踪练习 再战初中考点---夯实基础 主谓一致 1 (2018·湖南湘西) —Excuse me. Is there a bank near here? —______. It’s just between my house and a post office. A. Yes, it is B. No, there isn’t C. Yes, there is 2.（2018·四川自贡）24. — Did your father use to _______ to work? —Yes, but now he likes using public transportation. He is used to _______ the bus. A. drive; taking B. driving; taking C. driving; take 3.(2018·新疆)27. Both Mike and I _______ ready for the new high school life. A. be B. am C. is. D. are 4. （2018. 贵州安顺）The number of the elderly(老人) increasing in China, and wi th the development of China economy, they better care of in the future. A. is; will take B. are; are taken C. is; will be taken D. are; will take 5.(2018·四川达州)—Have you watched the TV play “In the Name of People”(人民的名义)？ —It’s the most popular play ______ our Party’s trying to struggle against corruption(反对腐败). A. where show B. which show C. that shows D. who shows 6.(2018·江苏苏州) —I’m Daisy, not Jessie. —Sorry, I have difficulty people’s name. A. remembering B. remember C. to remember D. remembered 7. (2018·江苏泰州) Not only children but also my husband ________ crazy about the movie Operation Red Sea(《红海行动》). A.is B. are C. am D. be 8.(2018·甘肃武威)19. Our city is cleaner than it __________ be. A. is used to B. used to C. uses to D. is used 9. (2017·四川眉山)— How many _____ doctors are there in your hospital, David？ — _____ them _____ over one hundred. A. woman; The number of: is B. women; A number of; are
第11讲特殊句式和主谓一致 特殊句式 [深化认知] 一、倒装句 (一)部分倒装 1．将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., not only ... but also ..., not until, nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。 Not until the press reported the pollution did people know why the water supply had been cut off. 直到报纸报道污染情况，人们才知道水供给为什么会被切断。 2．“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。 (2013·全国卷Ⅱ单选)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital. 只有增加50%的医生，病人才能在这家医院得到妥善治疗。 3．so/such ... that ... 结构中的so, such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。 So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss. 他患病突然，全家人全然不知所措。 4．表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用倒装结构“so/ neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。 5．as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。即as引导的让步状语从句中必须将表语、状语(形容词、副词、分词)或实义动词提前，构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分”的形式。 Hard as they tried，they couldn't make her change her mind. 尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。 (二)全部倒装 1．here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首时，句子用全部倒装。 John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before. 约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。 2．such置于句首时。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 这些就是事实，没有人能否定它们。 [名师指津]此句型中such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 二、省略句 1．复合句中的省略 在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。 All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are)stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. 这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明的，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50 年代。
十、主谓一致和特殊句式 1. The lake is calm and clear，and one of the things that ________ in the water is the famous tower. A．reflects B．reflect C．is reflected D．are reflected 答案 D [考查主谓一致。句意：湖水平静而清澈，倒映在水里的物体之一是著名的高塔。 在“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”的句式中定语从句的谓语用复数。] 2．This series of products ________ in special price for a month to promote its sales from next tenth. A．are B．is to be C．has been D．would be 答案 B [考查主谓一致。句意：从下个月十号开始，这系列的产品会以特殊的价格促销一个月以提高销量。series of与后面的名词构成名词短语时谓语动词用单数。] 3．The teacher as well as the students ________ planting trees. A．are B．is C．has D．have 答案 B [考查主谓一致。句意：老师和同学们在植树。as well as句型中的谓语动词与主语一致，即要与“teacher”保持一致，故选择B项。] 4．We each ________ strong points and each of us，on the other hand，________ weak points. A．have；has B．have；have C．has；have D．has；has 答案 A [句意：我们每个人都有长处；从另一方面说，我们每个人也都有弱点。第一个分句的主语是we，each是we的同位语，故谓语动词用复数；第二个分句的主语是不定代词each，谓语动词用单数。on the other hand是插入语。] 5．Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A．is B．are C．has D．have 答案 C [句意：在摇滚音乐会上听很大声的音乐会导致很多青少年听力受损。动名词短语作主语，句子谓语动词用单数形式，根据caused判断，此处用has，构成现在完成时。] 6．—________ the team finished most of their research work? —Yes，but the rest ________ rather difficult. A．Has；are B．Has；is C．Have；are D．Have；is
主谓一致和特殊句式练习题 ( )1. （2016年上海）Thetwins _________ fond of the new idea in the magazine article. A.be B. am C. is D. are ( )2. A woman with a young boy _______ getting into Uncle’s car. A.is B. are C. has D. were ( )3. (2016 烟台) There _______ a number of books in the library and the number of them ________ increasing. A.has; is B. have; are C. are; is D. is; are ( )4. (2016乌鲁木齐) ---_______ exciting news it is ! Disneyland in Shan ghai has opened to the public ! --- _______. We plan to go there this summer holiday. A.What an ; So it is B. What; So it is C.How; So it is D. How; So it is ( )5. （2016年兰州）I _______ you can finish the exam in two hours. A.does believe B. do believe C. did believe D. do believe ( )6. (2016年武汉) ---What’s the matter, Jenny ? ---- _______ something wrong with my bike. A.It is B. There is C. I have D. It has ( )7. People always like to follow others. If one boy has a red T-shirt, _______ other boys. A.so will B. n either will C. so have D. neither have ( )8. (2016乌鲁木齐) --- My sister and I will go to the library tomorrow. ---_______. Shall we go together ? A.So am I B. So do I C. So I am D. So will I ( )9. ---What’s Tom’s fa vorite s ubject ? --- I’m not sure. Maybe physics _______ his favorite subject. A.are B. were C. was D. is ( )10. A number of students in this school _______ from the country. They work very hard. https://www.doczj.com/doc/5716842429.html,es B. come C. came D. will come
高三下期英语二轮复习专题学案 主谓一致和特殊句式专项讲解 主谓一致的核心考点 1.就近一致原则 (1)由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。 Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. (2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。 Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks. 2.意义一致原则 (1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况 ①表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。 Politics is his favorite subject. ②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。 Do you know when the United Nations was set up? (2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况 表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The police are searching for the murderer. (3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定 ①集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers. ②“the＋形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。 The poor were looked down upon in the old days. 3.语法一致原则 (1)由and连接的两个名词作主语 ①“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。 The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city. ②“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋a/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。 The teacher and the poet have just arrived.
2018届高考语法专项主谓一致和特殊句式 一主谓一致 一、主谓一致的基础“3原则” 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。 1．语法一致原则 主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 ◆The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year. 那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。 ◆I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。 2．就近一致原则 (1)由or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 ◆Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。 (2)由there，here引导的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 ◆There are three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 3．意义一致原则 (1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。 ◆The poet and writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。 (2)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ◆Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一个人都有很好的理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。 (3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 ◆Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
专题十一主谓一致与特殊句式 主谓一致 主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1．语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 (1)动名词短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy. [名师指津]what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What he said is far from the truth. What the school needs are qualified teachers. (2)主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher as well as his students was very excited. I think Tom, rather than you, is to blame for the accident. (3)and, both ... and ...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting room. The poet and writer has produced many works. (4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的形式要与先行词保持一致。 I will always treasure the moments that were full of pleasure. (5)“many a或more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no 所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday. 2．意义一致原则 意义一致原则是指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 (1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。 The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. The class are doing experiment. (2)“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 About one third of the books are worth reading. Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday. All of this is wonderful, but the best part of this film is the acting. (3)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The old are taken good care of here. (4)a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。 A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.＝Quantities of time have been wasted on the project. (5)“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
第十一课时主谓一致和特殊句式 1.In any unsafe situation, simply ________ the button and a highly－trained agent will get you the help you need.(2018·北京卷) A.press B.to press C.pressing D.pressed 答案A[句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会给你需要的帮助。根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以用动词原形。] 2.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.(2018·天津卷) A.which B.that C.when D.where 答案B[去掉题干的It was和空处后，这个句子语法结构依然完整，表示“只有当汽车停在我家房前的时候，我们才看到乘客座位上的莉莉”，因此这是一个强调句式，被强调的是“only＋状语从句”，因此选B。] 3.It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.(2017·天津卷) A.who B.where C.which D.that 答案D[句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。故选D。] 4.The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.(2017·江苏卷) A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案C[先行词是Great Expectations，是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。句意：《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。]
第九讲特殊句式与主谓一致 考点1 强调句 1．It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors. (2017·天津，11) A．who B．where C．which D．that 答案 D 解析考查强调句型的判定。句意为：正是当我回到公寓时，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉，然后看剩余的部分是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断，“When I got back to my apartment，I first came across my new neighbors.”句子成分完整，由此可断定本句是强调句，并且强调的是时间状语，故空格处应用that。 2．You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists. (2016·天津，13) A．who B．which C．where D．that 答案 D 解析考查强调句型的判定。句意为：你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉后，句子意思依然清楚，结构依然完整。经判断，“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整，句意明确，故本句是
第九讲特殊句式和主谓一致 重点一特殊句式 Ⅰ.用倒装结构完成下列句子 1．(2014·全国卷)Not_only_do_the_nurses_want (护士不仅想要) a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well. 2．(2014·湖南高考)Only when you can find peace in your heart will_you_keep (你才可以保持) good relationships with others. 3. (2014·陕西高考)No_sooner_had_Mo_Yan_stepped_on_the_stage (莫言一走上舞台) than the audience broke into thunderous applause. Ⅱ.用省略句式完成下列句子 1．(2014·福建高考)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if_ever (如果曾经有的话), reaching 30℃ in summer. 2．(2014·湖南高考)Children, when_accompanied_by_their_parents (当有父母亲陪伴的时候), are allowed to enter the stadium. Ⅲ.用强调句式完成下列句子 1．(2014·福建高考)It_was_the_culture (正是文化), rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 2．(2014·四川高考)Was_it_because_Jack_came_late_for_school (是因为Jack上学迟到) that Mr. Smith got angry? 考点一、倒装句的五大句型：NAOSH 句型一：N代表none, neither, nor, not, not only, not until, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定词，以及由no构成的否定短语如at no time, by no means等置于句首时引起的部分倒装 (2012·辽宁高考)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago did he consider having a holiday abroad. 直到三年前从教师岗位上退休后，他才考虑到国外度假。 句型二：A代表as/though，表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句时用部分倒装 (重庆高考)Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience. 虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是他为了得到一些工作经验还是接受了它。 句型三：O代表only，“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装 (2013·新课标卷Ⅱ)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital.
特除句式（倒装、省略、强调）和主谓一致专题 吴章玲 一、《考试说明》的内容及要求 特殊句式和主谓一致是中学英语语法的重要组成部分，也是高考考查的考点之一。高考题对特殊句式的考查主要集中在倒装﹑省略和强调上。高考对主谓一致的考查主要集中在意义一致原则以及时态与主谓一致的综合考查上。 二、近五年安徽高考考点分布及命题趋势 从近五年安徽英语试题来看，本专题内容知识性强，主要涉及语言形式；注重考查知识之间交叉现象，加大了综合考查语法知识的力度，未来还会保持这一趋势，但是这类题目的综合性和情景性将会变得越来越明显。 三．一轮复习中存在的问题 一轮复习中并未对此语法进行专项讲解，但是在各次段考中都会涉及此语法。可以看出学生对于强调句的各种句式以及部分倒装和全部倒装的区别上存有困惑，失分严重。在二轮复习中要对学生的疑惑处进行针对性的讲解和训练。 四．教学重点和教学策略 教学重点：鉴于高考命题趋势和学生学习中存在的问题，本专题的教学重点内容是：“倒装句与时态和主谓一致相结合”以及“强调句与其他从句的区别”两个考点，重在让学生在理解语法规则的基础上进行灵活应用。 1. 倒装句与时态和主谓一致相结合的考查 如：----Is everyone here? ----Not yet…Look, there _____the rest of our guests! (2010江苏) A come B comes C is coming D are coming 答案A此题容易选 D here there,now, then 等位于句首的全部倒装句中，谓语动词be ,come, go 等不能用于进行时，另外谓语动词要与主语the rest of our guests 保持一致2. 强调句与定语从句和状语从句的区别 1.It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village____the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. (2010安徽) A where B that C when D which 答案 B 本题容易选A难度在于被强调部分中有一个that 引导的定语从句，强调句中的that 没有意义，并且不作任何成分，而定语从句中的that 为关系代词，在从句中充当主语，宾语和表语。 2.It was at six o’clock _____ I got up today. A that B when C as D while 答案A本题容易选B 解题关键在于强调句型去掉“It is/was…that”之后，句子结构完整，而“It is…. when”结构中，it 指代时间。