介词教师用
介词是一种虚词，它不能单独担任句子成分，必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语，才能担任句子成分。
1、介词的种类
介词由词形上可分为简单介词和短语介词。
简单介词知识一个单词，如：in，on，after等。
短语介词是由两个以上单词集合而成，如：out of，in front of，because of，instead of等。
1、表示时间的介词
表示“时间”的介词如下：
①表示年、月、日、时刻等用at，in，on
②表示时间的前后用before，after
③表示期限等用by，until，till
④表示期间等用for，during，through
⑤表示时间的起点等用from，since
⑥表示时间的经过等用in，within
（1）at，on，in
A.at：用于表示时刻、时间的某一点
at lunch在午饭时at breakfast早餐时at noon正午时at that time那时
at night在夜间at the moment此刻，目前at present目前at nine（o’clock）在九点钟at first开始的时候，起初at/on the weekend在周末at last最后at the same time同时at times偶尔，有时at the end of 1999在1999年末at this time of（the）year在一年中的这个时候
We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve.我们通常中午吃午饭（十二点吃午饭）
注意：表示时间的名词前有this，last，next，every等修饰时，其前面不加介词。this morning今天早上；last Monday 上周一；every week每周
B.on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午（指具体的某一时，一律用on）
on Monday在周一
on Tuesday morning在周二早上
on June 6在6月6日
on May 4,1996在1996年5月4日
on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚
on that day在那天
on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天
on time准时
on Monday evening在周一晚上
on the night of July（the）first在七月一日的夜晚
we didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon.周三下午我们没去听演讲。
C.in用于表示周、月、季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上（指在一段时间内）。
in the week在这周in the holiday在假期中in May 在五月in summer在夏季
in Spring在春季in autumn 在秋季in 1995在1995 in winter在冬季
in September，1995在1995年9月
in the morning在上午
in the afternoon在下午
in the evening在晚上
in the 21st century在二十一世纪
in time及时in an hour一个小时后in a minute一会儿，立刻
Jack was about to lock the door when just in time he remembered his key.
杰克正要锁门，忽然（正在那时他及时）想起了他要拿门钥匙。
The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。
People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。
Do they work in the day time or at night？他们是白天工作还是夜里工作？
（2）before，after（注：两个既可以作介词又可以作连词）
A．before在……之前
Wash your hands before dinner.（before作介词）吃饭前请洗手。
He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o’clock.（前一个before作连词；后一个before作介词）他离开这儿之前/十点之前，将给我打电话。
B．a fter在……之后
Let’s sing some songs after school.（after作介词）放学后咱们唱歌吧！
Please close the door after you leave the room.（after作连词）离开房间后请关门。
（3）by，until/till
A.by 在……前（时间）；截止（到）……
How many English books had you read by the end of last year?
到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？
She had left by the time I arrived.我到时（之前）她已经走了。
例：by the end of在……底（之前）by then 到那时by the time+从句在……之前
B.until/till知道……为止（时间）
we didn’t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’clock.一直到九点，我们才开始看电视。（begin是点动词，所以用否定式）I will wait for him until he comes here.我将在这儿一直等到他来。
（4）for，during，through
A.for 达……之久（表示经过了多少时间）
可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。
He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。
We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。
B.during在……期间
they are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。
C.through一直……（从开始到结束）
They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。
比较：for和during。for之后大多跟表示时间、具体天数等的数字名词。而during后决不能跟表数字的名词。（5）from，since
A.from从……起（时间）
表示“从……开始”时，一般都是用词组from…to…，而单纯表示确切的“从几点开始”时用at。
The meeting will be held from eight to ten.这个会议将从8点开到10点。
The meeting will be held at eight.会议将从八点钟开始。
B.since自从……以来（表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续）
I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。（强调一直病到现在）
The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.（since作连词，引导时间状语从句）这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。
（6）in，within
A.in过……后（未来时间）
大多用在将来时（一般将来时和过去将来时）。
in an hour一小时之后
in a week or so大约一星期之后
he will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。
They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。
注意：如果用于过去时，用after+时间。She went to Nanjing last May，and she came back after a month.去年五月她去了南京，一个月之后她又回来了。
B.within不超过……的范围
within 3 hours 3小时之内；within a week一周之内
I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。
比较：within和in。within强调“在……时间之内”，没有时态的限制。in是以现在为基础，in an hour是指从现在起一小时之后，所以in一般只用于将来时。
2、表示场所、方向的介词
（1）表示场所的介词：at，in，on，under，by，near，between，around，opposite
（2）表示方向的介词：into，out of，along，across，through，up，past
①at，in
A.at在某地（表示比较狭窄的场所）
at school上学；at 2 Baker Street在贝克街2号；at home在家；stand at the door站在门边；at a factory在一家工厂；at the bottom of在……下面；at the party在聚会上；at the back of在……后边；at the end of在……末尾；at the head of 在……排头；at the table在桌旁；at Mike’s house在迈克家；at table进餐；at the crossroads在十字路口；at work在上班；at the bus stop在公共汽车站；at the station在火车站；sit at my desk坐在我书桌旁
I’ll meet him at the Beijing railway station.我将去北京站接他。
B.in在某地（表示比较宽敞的场所）
in Beijing在北京；in the world在世界上；in china在中国；in the street在街上；in bed躺在床上；in the yard在院子里；in a book/newspaper在书上/报纸上；in the photo/picture在照片里/图画里；in the middle在中部；in a queue/line/row 排队（在对、行、排里）；in a country在国家（里）；in the house在房子里
His brother is in prison. He was arrested 2 years ago.
他哥哥两年前被捕的，现在他再监狱中服刑。
Mike works in the prison.迈克在这个监狱工作。
She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。
②on，above，over，under，below
A.on在……上面，有接触面。
on the desk在桌子上面；on the map在地图上。
There are two maps on the wall.墙上有两张地图。
On在……靠近……的地方
on the right在右边；on the screen在屏幕上；on the river在河边；on the farm在农场；on the floor在地板上；on the island/beach在岛上/海滨；on the pavement在人行道上
B.above在……上方
Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。
C.over在……正上方，是under的反义词
There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。
A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。
D.under在……下面；在……之内
under the table桌子下面；under the jacket在夹克内
The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。
E.below在……下方（不一定是正下方）
正下方是under，below是above的反义词。
There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。
③near，by
A.near近的，不远的
near=not far，是far的反义词。Near还可以指时间，如：in the near future在不久的将来
Is there a bus stop near here？这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？
B.By在……旁边，距离比near要近
by the window在窗户旁边；by me在我旁边
The boy is standing by the window.这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。
④between，among，around
A.between在两者之间
my teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。
What’s the difference between A and B？A和B之间有什么区别？
B.among在三者或更多的之中
There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。
He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎（很出名）。
C.around环绕，在……周围，在……四周
We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。
The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
⑤in front of，behind，opposite
A.in front of早……的前面；在……的前部
There is a tree in front of the house.在房屋前面有一棵树。
There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom.
在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。
B.behind在……后面
behind是in front of的反义词
There is a tree behind my house.
There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。
C.opposite在……对面
Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。
He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。
⑥in，into，out of，up
A.in在……之内，用于表示静止的位置
The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。
B.into进入
用于表示有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后，如：go，come，walk，run等。The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。
He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。
C.out of和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向
the students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。
重要：out of的基本含义：从……到外面，离开；在……范围之外；从（某个数）之中
D.up移动
The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。
⑦along，across，past，through
A.along沿着
I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。
B.across横过
I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。
C.past经过
Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。
D.through贯穿，通过
The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。
The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。
⑧to，from，for
A.to到达……地点（目的地）或方向
He came to Japan in 1980.他1980年来到日本。
B.for表示目的地，“向……”
for表目的时，一般都是和固定动词搭配。
leaver for动身去……；start for出发去……
I will leaver for America next week.下周我将动身去美国。
C.from从……地点起
It’s about ten minutes’ walk from here to the cinema.
从这儿到电影院大约需步行十分钟。
3、其他介词（介词除了可以表示“时间”、“场所”以外，有些也可以表示“手段”、“材料”等。）
（1）表示手段和材料的介词with，in，by
①with A.和……在一起
Will you please go with me?你和我一起去好吗？
B.具有、带有
He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.他是有着一双明亮大眼睛的英俊男孩。
C.用某种工具或办法
Li Li cut her hand with a knife.莉莉用刀把手指弄破了。
I see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。
He wrote the letter with a new pen.他用一只新钢笔写这封信。
说明：“with（+形容词）+名词”构成的介词短语可以作定语，放在其所修饰名词的后面，表示名词的特征。
With one’s help在某人的帮助下
Eg. With the teacher’s help I have made progress.在老师的帮助下，我取得了进步。
②in表示用什么材料（如用墨水，铅笔等），或用什么语言，或者表示衣着、声调特点时，不用with，而用in。she wrote a letter in black ink.她用黑色的墨水写信。
Don’t write it in pencil but in ink.别用铅笔写，用钢笔（水）写。
Can you speak in English？你能用英语说吗？
比较：in和with①用in，with表示工具或方法时，在译成中文时区别不大，但在英语上的用法却不大相同。②用“with”时，后面的名词要加上冠词或代词。With my ears.用我的耳朵。With a pencil.用一只铅笔。③用in时，后面加物质名词，不能加冠词。In ink用墨水（钢笔）in pencil用铅笔。
③by通过……方法、手段
必背：“by+交通工具”的词组：by bicycle骑自行车；by train坐火车；by plane/by air坐飞机；by taxi坐出租车；by car坐小汽车；by ship坐船；by bus坐公共汽车
（2）of，from
①of（属于）……的；表示……的数量或种类
This is a map of china.这是一幅中国地图。
Will you please give me a cup of tea？请您给我一杯茶好吗？
②From来自（某地、某人）；以……起始（时间或地点）
I’m from Nanjing.我是南京人。
I have got a letter from my friend.我收到了一封我朋友的来信。
We work from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上班。
（3）Without，like，as
①without没有，是with的反义词。
Man can’t live without air and water.人类没有空气和水不能生存。
I can’t read the book without using a dictionary.不用字典，我看不了这本书。
Please give me a cup of coffee with（without）milk.请给我一杯（不）加牛奶的咖啡。
②like像……一样
Nancy is just like her mother.南希和她的妈妈一样。
注意：Nancy looks like her mother.（南希和她妈妈长得一样。）用look时，强调外表。
③作为
He is famous as a scientist here.他在此地作为一个科学家而闻名。
They treated me as a hero.他们像对待英雄那样对待我。
The room is dirty as usual.这房间像平时一样脏。
（4）against，about
①against反对；靠着
he is against the plan（Li Ming）.他反对这个计划。（他反对李明）
the teacher is standing against the blackboard.老师正靠着黑板站着。
②about A.关于；各处；身旁
Tell me something about your life.告诉我你的生活情况。
He looked about himself.他向四处张望。
I have no money about/with me.我身上没带钱。
B．询问某人/某物的情况或提出建议
What about your sister？你姐姐情况如何？
How about going to the park？去公园怎么样？
4、介词短语
介词和动词、形容词或名词相结合后，形成复合词，有特定的意思。如下：
（1）动词+介词（如：talk about，look at）
（2）Be动词+形容词+介词（如：be kind of）
（3）介词+名词（如：at home，on foot，in time）
①动词+介词
play with sth.玩某物（玩耍）Don’t play with fire.别玩火。
②Be动词+形容词+介词
be kind to对（某人）亲切；be good at在……做得好；擅长于……
be aware of 意识到
be busy with 忙于(某事)be different from 和…不同
③介词+名词
1)英语中有大量成语由介词构成，单是一些常用介词就可构成大量成语：
at ease 稍息，安心at first sight 一见(钟情)
out of action 失灵out of breath 气喘吁吁
2)有些介词夹在名词之间构成成语：
day after day 日复一日地year after year 年复一年
day before yesterday 前天day after tomorrow 后天
heart to heart 互相交心的
3)还有一些成语包含两个介词：
from beginning to end 从头至尾from bad to worse 越来越糟
介词练习
1. The play begins at 6: 40 pm. So we have to be at the theatre ________ 6:30 pm at the latest.
A. after
B. around
C. until
D. by
2. They held a ceremony ________ those killed in the battle.
A. in honor of
B. instead of
C. in favor of
D. by means of
3. After finishing middle school, my sister did nothing ________ at home.
A. but to read
B. but read
C. besides reading
D. except to read
4. Write your name and address on your bag ________ you lose it.
A. in any case
B. in case
C. in no case
D. in that case
5. — ________ did the professor give you much advice?
— The choice of a career.
A. On what
B. In what
C. What
D. For what
6. I made coat ________ my own hands. It was made ________ hand not with a machine.
A. in; in
B. in; with
C. with; by
D. with; with
7. He is running ________ the wind towards the east of the station ________ Tom running ________ the right.
A. down; and; on
B. against; with; on
C. for; with; in
D. with; while; to
8. Not all of us know the difference ________ wheat, oats and barley.
A. among
B. between
C. from
D. in
9. The young singer is quite popula r ________ the public. She’s made a remarkable achievement ________ a girl of her age.
A. with; to
B. to; for
C. with; for
D. for; to
10. The apple trees have lots of big apples ________ them. And some birds are singing ________ the trees.
A. in; on
B. at; in
C. on; in
D. with; through
11. That woman will quarrel ________ everybody ________ anything.
A. about; about
B. about; with
C. with; about
D. with; with
12. The weather this month has been good ________ .
A. on the whole
B. generally speaking
C. above all
D. on one hand
13. We should divide all the potatoes ________ two piles and separated the good ones ________ the bad ones.
A. from; by
B. into; from
C. into; into
D. from; into
14. They said the building would be completed ________ a year.
A. after
B. for
C. in
D. about
15. — These boxes are too heavy for me to carry.
—Here, I’ll give you a hand ________ them.
A. for
B. to
C. with
D. by
1. D。从“戏剧在下午6:40开始”可知到达剧院的时间最迟不应晚于6:30。A项表示“下午6:30后到剧院”，C项表示“在剧院呆到下午6:30为止”，均不合题意。B项干扰性最强，around意为“左右，大约”, 但在6:30 pm后有at the latest“最晚”,二者相矛盾。C项by是not later than(不迟于)之意，整合题意。
2. A。in honour of意为“为庆祝(为向. . . 表示敬意,为纪念”；instead of意为“代替; 而不是”；in favor of意为“赞成；支持”；by means of意为“通过; 用; 借助于”。根据句意“他们举行了纪念阵亡战士的仪式”可知答案为A。
3. B。but, except 和besides都有“除…之外”的意思，但没有”，相当于not including. 另外，but后面可接不定式to do,但如果but前面有实义动词dbesides是“除…之外，还”的意思，等于in addition to; 而except, but 是“除…之外，o的任何形式，不定式省略to。
4. B。in any case意为“在任何情况下”；in case意为“以防万一，如果”；in no case意为“决不”；in that case意为“如果那样的话”。句意为“在你的包上写上名字和地址以防丢失”。
5. A。“教授给你提的什么建议?”“择业”。“关于…的建议”应用介词on。
6. C。by hand意为“用手工”；with“用”, 表示使用的工具, 手段，如He hit it with a hammer.
7. B。against the wind“逆风”；on the right意为“在后边”；介词with与一个复合结构构成短语，用作状语，说明状态、方式等。
8. B。一般说来，between用于两者之间，among表示三者和三者以上之间。但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间的关系，适用于between. 如：The soldier is hidden between the trees. 在谈论事物间的差别时总是用between.
9. C。词组be popular with意为“受…欢迎”，for“就…而论，比较…而言”。
10. C。介词on意为“在…之上，依附于”；in意为“(表场所，位置)在……之内/ 上”in the tree 译为“在树上”。
11. C。quarrel with sb. about / over意为“和某人争论某事”。句意为“那个女人无论碰到什么事儿, 总是和别人争吵不休”。
12. A。on the whole意为“总的来说；从总体上看”；generally speaking“一般说来”；above all意为“首先，最重要的”；on one hand意为“一方面”。句意为“这个月的天气基本上是好的” 。
13. B。divide…into和separ ate…from都有“把……分开”的意思。但前者指“把整体分成若干部分”，后者指“把连在一起的分开”。
14. C。in, after这两个介词都可以用来表达“在若干时间之后”。in 可以用于将来时态或一般过去时态的句子中；after 用于一般过去时，如果表示某时刻之后或某件事之后，则不受时态的限制。
15. C。答语中的them指前一句的boxes。Give sb. a hand with sth. / in(at) doing sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”。
语法专练(方位介词)1.基础练习 一、方位介词in,on,beside ,under ,above next to ,in front of ,behind ,between 选词填空 1.Beijing is______the north of China . 2.The twins usually stand ____their parents ,and their parents are in the middle . 3.There is a map of China __________ the wall of our classroom. 4.Before 2000,there was no airline _________the two cities. 5.The boy sitting __________Tina,so she couldn’t see the film clearly. 6.She will leave her homework __________ the teacher ‘s desk after school today. 7.You must ride your bike ___________ the right side of the road. 8.Me Smith lives __________ that building.His house is ___________ the fifth floor. 9.There was an exciting moment in our class when a large bird flew _____ the room. 10.The boy is taller than his friend,so he sits ___________ him in the classroom. 11.The flowers are ________ the vase on the desk. 12.She is the tallest one.She always sits ________ the back row. 13.He put a painting on the wall __________ the sofa. 14.The teacher’s desk is __________ the front of the classroom. 二、选择题 ( ) 1 The boat is passing___ the bridge. A. through B. below C. under D. across ( ) 2 Two planes are flying___ the city. A. through B. over , C. on , D, below ( ) 3 We can see a river running to the east____ the hill. A. under B. below C. over D. on ( ) 4 Do you see the kite ___ the building. A. over B. cross C. on D. above
初中英语介词用法归纳总结 常用介词基本用法辨析 表示方位的介词：in, to, on 1. in 表示在某地范围之内。 Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 2. to 表示在某地范围之外。 Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。 表示计量的介词：at, for, by 1. at 表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。 It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。 I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 2. for 表示“用……交换，以……为代价”。 He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。
注意：at表示单价(price) ，for表示总钱数。 3. by 表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。 They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示材料的介词：of, from, in 1. of 成品仍可看出原料。 This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from 成品已看不出原料。 Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。 Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 表示工具或手段的介词：by, with, on 1. by 用某种方式，多用于交通。 I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。 2. with表示“用某种工具”。
初中英语语法介词知识点归纳 1.in; on; at用在时间词前,表“在” 1at + 具体时刻 2on + 具体某天(具体某天的上、下午等;星期词;以及上、下午词前有修饰词时 3in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分 但注意:at night= in the night at noon at this / that time at Christmas eg. 1.___ the morning 2.___ Monday morning 3. ___ a rainy evening 4. ___3:50 5.__ 2002 6.___ the morning of April 10 7.___ spring 8.___ night 9.___ this time 10. ___ March 另外注意:在时间词(morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday…前有last, next , this , that 时,不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。 eg. I will go(A to the cinema(B in(C this evening.
2. in , on , at 表地点: at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如: eg. 1He arrived ___Shanghai yesterday. 2They arrived ___a small village before dark. 3There is a big hole ____ the wall. 4The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall. 3.in , on , to表方位 in(范围内;on(范围外且接壤;to(范围外但不接壤。可表示为下图的位置关系 eg.1Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 3Japan is to the east of China. cross: 动词“跨过,越过”=go across 4. across: (表面跨过 through: (内部穿过,贯穿介词 eg. 1Can you swim _____ the river? 2The road runs __________ the forest. 3 _____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.
二、表示地点的介词in、on、behind、next to、near、over、under (1). in在……里面：The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。 (2). on在……上面：There are some apple on the tree. 树上有些苹果。 (3). under在……下面/正下方：What's under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么？ (4).over在……正上方：There is a shelf over the table. 桌子上方有一个书架。 (5). above 在……斜上方：Raise your arms above your head. (6). below 在……斜下方：Her skirt came below her knees. (7).behind在……之后：There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车。 (8).next to在……旁边：There is a café next to the barber's. 理发店隔壁是一家咖啡馆。 (9).near在……附近：My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。 (10).by 在……旁：He was sitting by the window .
第一组：over, above和on的用法 1）over指在…的正上方，表示垂直在上。如: There is a lamp over the desk. 2)above指在上方，属于斜上方。如： Raise your arms above your head. 3)on指在上面，表示两物体接触。如： There is a cup on the table. 第二组：under / below的用法： 1) under在……下面/正下方：What's under your desk? 2) below 在……斜下方：Her skirt came below her knees. 练习： ( ) 1 The boat is passing___ the bridge. A. through B. below C. under D. across ( ) 2 Two planes are flying___ the city. A. through B. over , C. on , D, below ( ) 3 We can see a river running to the east____ the hill. A. under B. below C. over D. on ( ) 4 Do you see the kite ___ the building. A. over B. cross C. on D. above C B B D
初中英语介词用法总结 介词(preposition)：也叫前置词。在英语里，它的搭配能力最强。但不能单独做句子成分需要和名词或代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语及从句）构成介词短语，才能在句中充当成分。 介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形容词和名词搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词与词之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或可以替代名词的词（如：动名词v-ing）.介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。介词的种类： （1）简单介词：about, across, after, against, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beside, but, by, down, during, for, from, in, of, on, over, near, round, since, to, under, up, with等等。 （2）合成介词：inside, into, outside, throughout, upon, without, within （3）短语介词：according to, along with, apart from, because of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, owing to, up to, with reguard to （4）分词介词：considering, reguarding, including, concerning 介词短语：构成 介词+名词We go to school from Monday to Saturday. 介词+代词Could you look for it instead of me? 介词+动名词He insisted on staying home. 介词+连接代/副词I was thinking of how we could get there. 介词+不定式/从句He gives us some advice on how to finish it. 介词的用法： 一、介词to的常见用法 1.动词+to a)动词+ to adjust to适应, attend to处理；照料, agree to赞同,
初中英语重难点之“方位”介词 介词的种类很多。在初中英语中，有许多表示事物存在的方向和位置的介词，我们称之为方位介词。如in（在……里），behind (在……后面)，down (向下)等等。其中有些方位介词的意义比较接近，在用法上很难区分，如on, over, above 都有“在……之上”的意思，但含义却不尽相同。我们可以用三个图示配以简短的文字叙述来说明这三个介词的不同用法。 on over above 通过这种方法，我们很容易掌握这三个介词的用法。现将初中英语教材中的部分方位介词用图示的方法归纳列举如下: (强调与物体的表面相接触)
几组方位介词的区别 方位介词in, on, to的区别： 1.in表示"在……范围内”，还表示“在…之中” Chongqing lies in the southwest of China. 2.on表示“与……毗邻，接壤” Canada lies on the north of America. 3.to表示方位，不接壤 Hunan lies to the east of Zhejiang. 表示地点位置的介词： 1.at, in, on, to at 用于小地方，at school, at home
In 用于大地方，in Beijing, in China On在……上面，on the map, on the table To到……To Chongqing 2.Above, over, on Above在……上方（高过另一个物体，不强调垂直） The airplane flies above that tall building.（不在正上方） over在……上方（垂直上方） The bridge spans over the river. On在……上面（物体表面有接触） There's some water on the floor, so you should be careful. 3.Below, under在……下面 Under在……下（正下方） The cat lies under the chair.（正下方） Below在……下（不一定是正下方） The cat lies under the chair.（不是正下方） 4.in front of, in the front of 在……的前面 in front of 在外部的前面，两个东西是独立的，相反的是behind The building is in front of the hospital. The building is behind the hospital.
初中英语语法大全：介词 I介词的功能 介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如： The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语) The girl will be back in two hours. (状语) Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语) Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语) II表示时间的介词 表示“时间”的介词如下： 1.表示年、月、日、时刻等用at，in，on 2.表示时间的前后用before，after 3.表示期限等用by，until，till 4.表示期间等用for，during，through 5.表示时间的起点等用from，since 6.表示时间的经过等用in，within (1) at，on，in 1)at：用于表示时刻、时间的某一点 at noon正午时at night在夜间at present目前 at nine（o’clock）在九点钟 We usually have lunch at noon（at twelve）.
我们通常中午吃午饭（十二点吃午饭）。 (2)on：用于某天，某一天的上、下午（指具体的某一天时，一律用on）注意: 泛指一般的上午（下午）时用in，但特指某日的上午（下午）时用on。in the morning在早上 on sun day morning在周日早上 on Monday在周一 on Tuesday morning在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日 on May 4，1996在1996年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚 on the night of July（the）first 在七月一日的夜晚 We didn't listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon 上周三下午我们没去听演讲。 (3)in：用于表示周、月、季节、年，泛指的上午、下午、晚上。 注意: 在this，last，next，every等词前面不能再加介词。 this morning今天上午last Friday 上周五next Sunday下周日every Monday（week，spring…） 每周一（每星期，每个春季……） in the week在这周in May在五月in spring在春季
初中英语语法专项练习八一一介词 一?选择填空： 1http://doc.xuehai.neMbabf2bcbb7f67468081b60340.html . Mrs. Brown came to Chi na ___ 1996. A. from B . of C . to D . in 2. The room was full ___ smoke after the big fire. A. of B . with C . in D . for 3 . Here are some prese nts __ you ____ our best wishes. A . to; with B . for; with C . of; about D . for; for 4 . Both Mr Green and Mrs Green were born ___ Jun e, 1956. A . in B . at C . on D . for 5 . The little boy is always in terested ___ scie nee. A . with B . by C . in D . at 6 . Li Lei ofte n gets up __ seve n o'clock on Sun days. A . on B . in C . at D . for 7. They arrived early ____ a Tuesday morning.
A. on B . at C . in D . of 8. ________________________________________ Macao （澳门）will return to our motherland _____________________________ December 20th, 1999. A. on B . at C . in D . for 9 . ----When were you born? ----1 was born ___ August 25, 1983. A . on B . in C . at D . to 10 . Let me show you the place __ the map. A . with Bhttp://doc.xuehai. net/babf2bcbb7f67468081b60340.html on C. in 11. Joh n knows __ a computer. A . how to use B . how use C . how uses 12 . The visitors ___ Japa n arrived ___ Beiji ng Stati on last Tuesday morni ng. A . from; at B . of; to C . from; to D . of; on 13 . The teacher will be back __ an hour. A . in B . after C . on
表示方位的介词：in, to, on 1. in 表示在某地范围之内。 如：Shanghai is/lies in the east of China.上海在中国的东部。 2. to 表示在某地范围之外。 如：Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。 如：Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.蒙古国位于中国北边。 表示计量的介词：at, for, by 1. at表示“以……速度”“以……价格” 如：It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour.它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。 I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 2. for表示“用……交换，以……为代价”如：He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。 注意：at表示单价(price) ，for表示总钱数。
3. by表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位 如：They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示材料的介词：of, from, in 1. of成品仍可看出原料 如：This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from成品已看不出原料 如：Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in 表示用某种材料或语言 如：Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。 They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 注意：in指用材料，不用冠词；而with指用工具，要用冠词。如：draw in pencil/draw with a pencil 表示工具或手段的介词：by, with, on 1、by用某种方式，多用于交通 如by bus乘公共汽车，by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。
一、选择题 1．There is an old bridge __________the river. Be careful (小心) when you ________________ it. A．over; across B．over; cross C．on; cross D．on; across 2．I bought the tomatoes ________ the vegetable stall. A．at B．in C．on D．from 3．—What do you think of happiness, Zoe? —I think happiness is a way station too much and too little. A．among B．between C．opposite D．beyond 4．The bird’s singing came into my room ______ the window and woke me up in the early morning. A．down B．from C．through D．across 5．Our s chool plans to have a parents’ meeting_______ the afternoon_______ January 27th. A．in; of B．on; in C．on; of D．in; at 6．—Mary's birthday is ________ March． What about Lucy's？ —Her birthday is ________ December 10th． A．in；on B．on；in C．on；on 7．The moonlight is shining in the window. Everything in the room looks so beautiful. A．over B．through C．across D．past 8．—When is your birthday party? —It's________. A．at six,on May 24th B．on six,this Saturday C．in six o'clock this afternoon D．on six,at May 24th 9．Lily often goes to visit her grandma ______ Sundays. A．at B．in C．on D．to 10．—What's the secret good health? —Eating healthy food and taking enough exercise. A．in B．to C．on 11．Jenny’s math lesson is________nine________Friday morning. A．in; on B．at; on C．on; in D．at; in 12．The old man arrived _________ the village _______ a rainy night. A．at; on B．on; at C．in; at D．on; in 13．We have four lessons ________ the morning. A．in B．on C．at D．for 14．—What is it _______ English ? —Sorry, I don’t know . A．in B．with C．from D．on 15．Shanghai is ________ the east of China and _________ the west of Japan.
一、选择题 1．---What’s your hobby ? ---______collecting balls, I also like different kinds of CDs. A．Besides B．Except C．Beside D．About 2．It is reported that he won an award________Best Actor________his role in that film. A．as; in B．as; for C．for;for D．for; in 3．The boy read English________every morning ________the age of ten. A．on; in B．on; at C．in; at; D．/; at 4．—What do you use the shelf ______? —I use it ______ books. A．to; to keep B．to; keep C．for; to keep D．for; keep 5．Which of the following(下面) is right? A．The boy begin to clean the room with his sister. B．In the Spring Festival, the children often get lucky money. C．How is weather like in spring there? D．You’d better not read a book in the sun. 6．—Do you know the girl ________ red skirts? —Yes, she is my sister. A．at B．on C．in D．to 7．—What do you think of happiness, Zoe? —I think happiness is a way station too much and too little. A．among B．between C．opposite D．beyond 8．The elephant is the only animal__________a trunk- a special long nose. A．For B．with C．to 9．—Mary's birthday is ________ March． What about Lucy's？ —Her birthday is ________ December 10th． A．in；on B．on；in C．on；on 10．My uncle has taught in this school________ he was twenty years old. A．after B．for C．until D．since 11．Taiwan is _________ the southeast of China. A．to B．in C．from D．on 12．—I feel sad from time to time.Could you give me some advice? —________ sharing your worries with your parents? A．Why don't you B．How about C．Why not D．Would you like 13．Thanks ______your family photos, they are very nice. A．to B．in C．for D．at 14．Can you jiaozi English?
xx介词的知识点总结 一、表示时间的介词 时间介词有in ,on，at，after，since，during,by,before,after,until等，前三个介词用法有个口诀： at午夜、点与分，上午、下午、晚用in。 年、月、年月、季节、周，之前加上介词in。 将来时态多久后，这些情形亦用in。 日子、日期、____年__月__日，星期之前要用on。 其余几组常见的时间介词辨析如下： 1、时间介词in与after的用法辨析 介词in +一段时间用于一般将来时。如： We’ll go to school in two weeks. 介词after +一段时间用于一般过去时。如： My mother came home after half an hour. 介词after +时间点常用于一般将来时。如： We’ll go out for a walk after supper. 2、时间介词for与since的用法辨析 介词for表示一段时间如： I have been living here for 10years. 介词since表示从过去某一时间以来如： I have been living here since 2000.
3、时间介词before与by的用法辨析 介词before表示“在…之前”如： 介词by表示“到…时为止，不迟于…”如： The work must be finished by Friday. 4、时间介词during与for的用法辨析 当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如： He swims every day during the summer. 如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如： I haven’t seen her for years. 5、时间介词till与until用法的异同 till和until用在肯定句中，均可表示“直到…为止”，如：I will wait till arrive at(in)到达 ask for询问 begin…with从……开始 believe in相信 break off打断 break out爆发 bring down降低 bring in引进 bring up教育，培养
【巩固练习】 Ⅰ. 把下列词组翻译成英语。 1.在沙发上_____________ 2.在桌子底下____________ 3.在你的背包里____________ 4.在抽屉里___________ 5.在教室（外部）前面__________ Ⅱ. 单项选则。 1. Your computer is ______ to the door. A. behind B. on C. in D. next 2 The map is ____ the wall ____ our classroom. A. on; on B. of; on C. on; at D. on; of 3 Look! The window is _____ the wall and the picture is _____ the wall. A. on; on B. in; in C. in; on D. on; in 4 －Where is my ball? I can’t see it. Look! It’s _____ the door. A. on B. in C. at D. behind 5. Sally is very happy. There is a big smile ______ her face. A. on B. to C. in D. at 6. My father is ill (生病), He is ______. A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed 7. There is a map of China ______ the wall in the classroom. A. in B. on C. under D. at 8. There are three windows ______ the wall. A．in B. on C. at D. to 9. There are many oranges ______ the tree. A bird ______ the tree is eating an orange. A. in; on B. on; on C. in; in D. on; in 10. －What time do you usually go to bed? －I usually go to bed ______ 11:00. A. in B. on C. at D. for 11. We can see ______ old bike ______ the tree. A. a; under B. the; at C. an; in D. an; under 12. My hats and coats are ______. A. on the bed B. under desk C. in room D. under the my bed 13. He put up a map ______ the back wall because there was a hole ______ it. A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at 14. Don't read ____ the sun. A. at B. under C. with D. in 15. The boat is passing___ the bridge. A. through B. below C. under D. across III. 用适当的介词填空。 1. A boy is ____ the tree. 2. Can you pick(摘) the apples _____ the tree? 3. There is a picture _____ the wall. 4. There are two windows _____ the wall.
初中英语语法专项练习八——介词 一．选择填空： 1 Brown came to China ____ 1996. A．from B．of C．to D．in 2．The room was full ____ smoke after the big fire. A．of B．with C．in D．for 3．Here are some presents ____ you ____ our best wishes. A．to; with B．for; with C．of; about D．for; for 4．Both Mr Green and Mrs Green were born ____ June, 1956. A．in B．at C．on D．for 5．The little boy is always interested ____ science. A．with B．by C．in D．at 6．Li Lei often gets up ____ seven o'clock on Sundays. A．on B．in C．at D．for 7．They arrived early ____ a Tuesday morning.
A．on B．at C．in D．of 8．Macao（澳门）will return to our motherland ____ December 20th, 1999. A．on B．at C．in D．for 9．----When were you born ----I was born ____ August 25, 1983. A．on B．in C．at D．to 10．Let me show you the place ____ the map. A．with B C．in 11．John knows ____ a computer. A．how to use B．how use C．how uses 12．The visitors ____ Japan arrived ____ Beijing Station last Tuesday morning. A．from; at B．of; to C．from; to D．of; on 13．The teacher will be back ____ an hour. A．in B．after C．on 14．This programme was sent to the USA ____ China ____ satellite.
英语中方位介词用法 介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语，定语或介词宾语。 at ,in, on, to at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边” in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻，接壤 to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤 及时练 1.He arrived _____ the station at ten. 2.He is sitting ______ the desk. 3.He arrived _____ Shanghai yesterday. 4.Jiangsu lies ________ the east of China. 5.Russia live ______ the north of China. 6.Fujian is ________ the south of Jiangsu Province. 2)above, over, on 在……上 above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与below相对; over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 1.The bird is flying above my head. 2.There is a bridge over the river. 3.He put his watch on the desk.
3)below, under 在……下面 under表示在…正下方 below表示在……下，不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line. 方位介词 1. at表示"在......处"，一般指较小的比较具体的地点。 如： He isn't at school. He is at home. 他不在学校，他在家。 2. in表示"在......内部;在......里面"的意思。如： What is in the box? 盒子里有什么? 3. on表示"在某物的上面"，但两者互相接触。 如：My books are on that table. 我的书在那张桌子上。 on the wall 在墙上 4. under表示"在某物垂直的正下方"，两者之间不接触。 如：My cat is under my chair. 我的猫在我的椅子下。 5. behind表示"在某物体的后面"。如：The broom is behind the door. 笤帚在门后。 6. in front of表示"在......的前面"，正好与behind相反。 如： There are some big trees in front of our classroom. 我们教室前面有几棵大树。 7. near表示"在某物体的附近"，意为"接近、靠近"。 如： The ball is near the door. 球在门旁边。