英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习(4)
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attach ed to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the pangraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corres ponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Art of Friendship
A) One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety. Nothing was really w rong my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful -- I was just fee ling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who wou ld meet me for coffee and let merant until the clouds lifted. I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voicemail. That's when it started to dawn on me -- lonesomeness was at the root of my dreariness. My social life had dwi ndled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment I'd been too busy to notice. No w it hit me hard. My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, know everythi ng about me; when they left, they had taken my context with them.
B) Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of social isolation on o ne's health. But my concerns were more short-term. I needed to feel understood right then in the way that only a girlfriend can understand you. I knew it would be wrong to expe ct my husband to replace my friends: He couldn't, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends -- women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the worlda little bit just as I did. Sin ce I'd be making friends with more intention than I'd ever given the process, I realized I could be selective, that I could in effect design my own social life. The down side, of co urse, was that I felt pretty frightened.
C) After all, it's a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife that it is when yon'r
e younger -- a fact woman I've spoken with point out again and again. As Leslie Dan zig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, when you're in your teens and 20s, you're more or less friends with everyone unless there's a reason not to be. Your college roommate becomes your best pal at least partly due to proximity. Now there needs to be a reason to be friends. "There are many people I'm comfort-able around, but I wouldn't
go so far as to call them friends. Comfort isn't enough to sustain a real friendship," Danz ig says.
D) At first, finding new companions felt awkward. At 40 I couldn't run up to people the way my4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, "Will you be my frien d? Every time you start anew relationship, you're vulnerable again," agrees Kathleen Hall, D Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute, in Atlanta. "You're asking, 'Would you like to come into my life?' It makes us self-conscious."
E) Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed. I realized that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low. If someone didn't take me up on my offer, so what: I wasn't in junior high, when I might have been rejected for having the wrong c lothes or hair. At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to offer.
F) We're all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests -- say, in a project, class, or caus e that we already make time for -- become the perfect catalysts for bringing us in contact with candidates for camaraderie. Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother of two in W ausau, Wisconsin, says anew friend she made at church came as a pleasant surprise. "In h igh school I chose friends based on their popular-ity and how being part of their circle m ight reflect on me. Now's it's our shared values and activities that count." Mertes says he r pal, with whom she organized the church's youth programs, is nothing like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends.
G) Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, self-esteem issues do not fac tor in -- or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective. Danzig tells of the moth er of a child in her son's pre-school, a tall, beautiful woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician. "I said to my husband, she's too cool for me,'" she jokes. "I get intimidat ed by people. But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and frie ndly." In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didn't become good pals. "I realized that we weren't each other's type, but it wasn't about hierarchy." What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person you've become (or are still becomin g) back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress you've made in your life.
H) Harlene Katzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City, notes that her oldest friends k new her back when she was less sure of herself. As much as she loves them, she believe s they sometimes respond to is-sues in light of who she once was. An old chum has the goods on you. With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf.
I) A new friend, chosen right, can also help you point your boat in the direction yo u want to go. Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from workwas exactly what she needed in a friend. In addition to liki ng and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and athletic younger woman would help her to get in shape.
J) While you're busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture y our old ones. We asked Marla Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, an d Keeping Friends When You "re Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain the se important relationships. Keep in touch. Your friends should be a priority; schedule re gular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are. Know her bus iness. Keep track of important events in a friend's life and show your support. Call or e-mail to let her know you're thinking of her. Speak your mind. Tell a friend (politely) if s omething she did really upset you. If you can't be totally honest, then you need to reexa mine the relationship. Accept her flaws. No one is perfect, so work around her quirks --s he's chronically late, or she's a bit negative -- to cut down on frustration and fights. Boos t her ego. Heartfelt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you lov e her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project.
46. Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one's middle age needed some reasons.
47. A well-chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.
48. A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.
49. According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first curse of making new friends.
50. Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction of life and reinforce the pr ogress you've made in your life.
51. In Mafia Paul's book, to be a better friend, you should keep track with your fiie nds, care for your friend's job, express yourself, accept her flaws and compliment your fri end for her/his good dressing and job.
52. For the author, a girl friend might be the right person to under "stand her and e rase her negative feeling.
53. According to Michelle Metes, midlife friendship is based on the shared values an
d activities
54. As a mature friend seeker, the author finds herself with enough confidence to off er and take rejection with grace.
55. With newly made friends, you can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.
Section B
交友之道
A)数年前的一天晚上，我发现自己陷入了焦虑中。事实上，一切事情祁如常，我和家人都很健康；我工作忙碌，事业有成。我只是隐隐约约感到情绪很低落，急需一个朋友能给我打打气，跟我喝杯咖啡，听我尽情发泄直到烟消云散。我最好的朋友住在加州—这个国家的另一端。我拨通了她的电话，却听到要求留言的录音。阴影从此开始笼罩着我，孤独是我沮丧的根源。我的社交生活已经减少到几乎没有，但不知何故，直到那一该，我才注意到这一点。现在，这种感觉却狠雏地撞击着我。戈的那些老朋友们，从大学甚至孩提时代就已深交的密友，对我了如指掌，但他们一离开，也把我生活的环境一并带走了。
B)研究表明，缺少社交生活对人的健康会产生长期的消极后果。还好，我妁焦虑期持续时间相当短暂。l521在那时我需要被理解，是只有女性朋友才能理解的那种方式。我知道期望我的丈夫取代喷油的想法是错误的：他不能，即使他能，我又和谁倾诉我对丈夫的抱怨呢?于是，我下定决心要结交新朋友，目标是像我一样——有孩子而且关注这个世界的妇女。因为我这样交友的目的性更明确，我逐渐意识到，我是可以进行选择的，我实际上是可以设计我的社交生活的。当然它的消极一面就是我感到非常害怕。
C)毕竟，在中年时期交友要比年轻时困难得多一——这是个客观存在的显示，与我聊过的女性曾不止一次地指出这一点。41岁的Leslie Danzi9是芝加哥的一位戏剧导演，也是一位母亲，1461她的看法是，在十几岁、二十几岁的时候，除了有特殊理由不能成为朋友的情况，人差不多可以跟所有人成为朋友。你的大学室友，至少余因为走得比较近而成为你最好的朋友。一现在，我们则需要理由才能成为朋友。Danzi9说，“有很多人，我跟他们在一起的时候很舒服，但我不会因此称他们为朋友。舒适度还不足以维持真正的友谊。”
D)一开始的时候，寻找新的伙伴的确让入有点尴尬。四十岁了，我无法像我四岁的女儿那样在操场上碰到人就问：“能跟我做朋友吗?”。【49】每次建立一群新关系，你就会又变得脆弱了，”，KathleenHall，教牧学博士，亚特兰大压力研究所的创始人兼首席执行官，赞同这一看法。她说：“你是在问：‘你愿意参与到我的生活中吗?’这使我们局促不安。”
E)幸运的是，我的不适感很快就过去了。我意识到，作为一个寻找朋友的成年人，我变得脆弱的风险其实是非常低的。如果有人不愿意接受我的请求，那又如何呢?我不再是个初中生，那时我可能会因为穿不搭调的衣服或者发型不好看而被拒绝。【54】到了我这个年纪。我已经方足够的自信，我以为我有足够吸引对方的东西。
F)事实上，我们都很忙，以至于共同的兴趣，譬如，我们为之忙碌的项目、课程或事业，就成为把我们与建立伙伴关系的候选人联系在一起的理想的催化剂。35岁的MichelleMerte s是盛斯康辛州沃索地区一名教师及两个孩子的母亲，她说在教会结交的新朋友对她来说是一份惊喜。【53】Mertes说，上中学对，我是根据他们的受欢迎程度以及成为她们圈子的一员可能对或卢生的影响来选择朋友的。现在，共同的价值观和参加的劳动则成为我选择朋友的关键因素。二她与一起组织教会的青年项目的好朋友，虽然性格不同，但她们的干劲和组织能力使她们成为彼此的理想好友。
G)令人高兴的是，尽管结交新朋友是一件尴尬的事情，但自尊问题不是结交朋友需要考虑的因素—～否则，如果将自尊问题作为结交朋友的考虑因素，你也能很容易地洞察这一点。Danzig讲述了她儿子所在的幼儿园的一个孩子的母亲的故事。那位女士身材高大，美丽动八，嫁给了一位有名的摇滚音乐家。“我曾跟我的丈夫说，‘对我来说她太酷了，”她开玩笑道。“周围的人都告诫我要警惕。但是，当我跟她混熟了，才发现她原来是个非常悠闲而友好的人。”最终，她们之间因为没有“化学反应”，没能成为好朋友。“我意识到，我们不是同一类人，但这跟社会地位没有关系。”【50】现在看来：中年友谊似乎能反应你所属的类型(或正在成为的类型)，从而加强你在生活中取得的进展。
H)41岁的Harlene Katzman是纽约市的一名律师，她认为，在她无法确定自已是否变样的时候，最老的朋友知道她原来的样子。她依然非常爱她们，她相信她们有时对问题的反应能够反映出她曾经的样子，拥有老朋友对你而言大有益处。【55】而跟新交的朋友在一起：纭可以翻开新的一页。
I)【47】新朋友，如果选择对了的话，还可以帮助找到航行的方向。39岁的Hanna D ershowitz是洛杉矶的一名律师，也是一位母亲。她发现，她在工作中新结交的一个人，Ju lia，正是她需要的好友。除了喜欢和尊重Julia，Dershowitz有一种感觉，这个健康且从事运动事业的年轻女性能帮助她保持身材。
J)当你忙着结交新朋友时，请记住，你仍需要与老朋友们培养感情。我们请Maria Paul，《友谊的危机：当你不再是孩童时，如何寻找朋友、结交朋友与保持友情》的作者，告诉我们维持这些重要关系的最佳途径。保持联系。朋友至上。无论你有多忙，都要抽空定期与朋友吃顿饭或者喝杯咖啡闲聊。了解她的事业。知道朋友生活中经历的重要事件，并适时表示你的支持，打电话或者发邮件让她知道你时刻都在想着她。坦诚相待。如果朋友确实做了让你懊恼的事情，一定要(委婉地)告诉她。如果你不能完全坦诚的话，就需要重新审视这段关系。包容她的缺点。人无完人，因此不要纠结于她的怪癖～她经常迟到或者她有一点消极——以减少挫折和斗争。满足她的自尊。真心的赞美使人感觉良好，所以要告诉她，你多喜欢她的新毛衣，她做了多么伟大的工作。
46．Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one’S middle age needed some reasons．L eslieDanzig认为在中年交朋友需要一些理由。
【解析】C)。细节题。根据句子关键词Leslie Danzi9和making friends al one’S middl e age可定位至Cl段。该段中Danzi9说在十几、二十几岁的时候，基本上可以和所有人交朋友，但现在需要充分的理由才能交到朋友，舒适度不足以维持真正的友谊。可见她认为中年交友需要。一些理由。
47．A well—chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like．选择得当的新朋友能帮你朝着你向往的方向前进。
【解析】I)。细节题。根据句子关键词a well—chosen new friend和：he direction that you like可定位至I)段。该段首句指出：新朋友，如果选择对了的话，还可以帮助你找到航行的方向。
48．A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable．
数年前，作者给远在他乡的最好的朋友打电话，作者当时很需要她却没人接，因此感到很孤独沮丧。
【解析】A)。归纳题。根据句子关键词a few years a90和phoned her best friend可定位在A)段。句子是对整段的概括总结。
49．According to Kathleen Hall，one might feel sensitive in the first course ofmaking new friends．
KathleenHall觉得人们在刚开始结交新朋友的过程中会变得敏感，
【解析】D)。细节题。由句子中的Kathleen Hall定位至D)段。该段最后一句提到，K athleen Hall认为每次建立一种新关系，人就会变得脆弱、敏感。
50．Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction oflife and reinforze the pro gress yOU’ve made in your life．
中年友谊可以帮你认清生活前进的方向和巩固进步。
【解析】G)。细节题。根据句子关键词midlife friendship和reinforce the progress可定位至G)段末句。现在看来，中年友谊似乎能反映出你所属的类型(或正在成为的类型)，从而加强你在生活中取得的进展。5 1．In Maria Paul’S book，to be a better friend，you sh ould keep track with yourfriends，care for your friend’s job，ex—press yourself,accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her／his good dressing and job．Maria Paul的书中写到，要成为更好的朋友，你应该和朋友保持联系，关心朋友的工作，表达自己的思想，包容朋友的缺点，赞扬朋友。
【解析】J)。归纳题。根据句子中的MariaPaul’Sbook可定位至文章末段。该段列举如何巩固和朋友的关系。句子是对整段的概括总结。
52．For the author,a girl friend might be the fight person to understand her and erase her negative feelin9．
对作者来说，她需要一位女性朋友理解和化解自己的负面感受。
【解析】B)。细节题。由句子中的the right person和understand等字眼定位至B)段。作者提到只有女性的朋友才能理解她的感受。
53．According to Michelle Mertes，midlife friendship is based on the shared values a nd activities
Michelle Mertes认为中年友谊的基石是共同的价值观和参与的活动。
【解析】F)。细节题。由句子中的MichelleMertes可定位至F)段。Mertes说：上中学时，我是根据她们的受欢迎程度以及成为她们圈子的一员可能对我产生的影响来选择朋友的。现在，共同的价值观和参加的活动则成为我选择朋友的关键因素。
54．As a mature friend seeker,the author finds herself with enough confidence to offe r and take rejecfion with grace．
作为一名成熟的交友者，作者发现自己有足够的自信发出邀请和坦然接受拒绝。
【解析】E)。细节题。根据句子关键词a mature friend seeker和offe“'ejection可定位至E)段。该段中作者指出自己已经成熟，能坦然接受对方的拒绝，也保有自信，相信自己有魅力。
55．With newly made friends，you Can have a chance to take on a new look in you r life．
和新朋友一起，你有机会呈现新面貌。
【解析】H)。细节题。根据句子关键词takeon anewlook可定位至E段末句。而跟新交的朋友在一起，你可以翻开新的一页。Take on anewlook和takeoveranewleaf是同类表述。
P
英语四、六级段落信息匹配题 一、英语四级段落信息匹配题是什么？ 长篇阅读理解篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。四级考试需要各位同学做的是，大家需要去看十个左右的段落，然后去匹配十个信息点。但是到六级当中，我们的难度就要增加了，我们见到的情况是六级当中变成了15个段落，去匹配十个信息点。但总体来看，不管题型怎么变，其实学习方法没变，还是仍旧需要大家提高阅读的能力，比如说读文章的时候，是不是直接拿英语读，如果读快速阅读的时候，还是拿中文边翻译边读的话，会发现阅读速度一直会比较慢，所以那么长的文章很难找到细节，所以大家一定要养成拿英语直接阅读的这样一种习惯，这样才能保证我们的阅读速度又快又准。 二、信息匹配题难点分析 1. 考生难以按照阅读题一贯遵循的“顺序原则”解题。由于这一题型要求考生把细节信息与其所在的段落进行匹配，因此细节信息的排列绝对是“乱序的”，这就意味着考生从文章开头到结尾按顺序定位的方法是行不通的。
2. 题干信息复杂，考生难以迅速抓住要领。题干中的细节信息通常是极复杂和繁琐的名词短语或长难句，考生往往在寻找到合适的定位词之前，就已经被题干信息的复杂表述弄得晕头转向了。 3. 考生难以寻找到合适的定位词。即使考生能够读懂题干中晦涩难懂的细节信息，但也会在寻找定位词时遇到很大障碍。因为题干提供的细节信息中往往不会出现非常明显的定位词(如数字、时间、地点、人物、特殊字体和特殊符号等)。即使考生能够找到一个定位词，这一定位词也
通常和文章主题密切相关，会在文章中多次出现，因而也没有太大的意义。 三、匹配题出题特点及应试技巧 匹配类题型有很多种，常见的种类有：1）人名-观点匹配；2）.地名-描述匹配；3）句子-句子匹配；4）分类题(Classification)；5）段落-标题匹配；6段落-细节匹配。其中前四种做题方法比较类似，而后两种相对较复杂。这里将阐述前四种题型的做题方法。 1. 扭转做题思维
长篇阅读——匹配题 Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Passage 1 Paper —More than Meets the Eye A) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades. B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card. C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose（纤维素化合物）-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses of which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based. Paper from Wood D) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies(碱) such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals. E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paperback books will have a life of no greater than fifty years, not what we need for our archives. F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper". The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications. It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive. G) However, it is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and in some cases simply vanish! H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously. I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way. J) Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end. Paper from Rag K) Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives. L) A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only
2020年6月英语四级模拟题：长篇阅读匹配 2020年6月英语四级模拟题：长篇阅读匹配 Being Objective on Climate Change https://www.doczj.com/doc/5c9087661.html,st week，Craig Rucker,a climate-change skeptic and the executive director of a nonprofit organization called the Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow(CFACT)，tweeted a quotation supposedly taken from a 1922 edition of the Washington Post：“Within a few years it is predicted due to ice melt the sea will rise＆make most coastal cities uninhabitable．”The intent，of course，was to poke fun at current headlines about climate change． B.Rucker’s organization is a member ofthe Cooler Heads Coalition，an umbrella organization operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute，a nonprofit that prides itself on its opposition to environmental ists．Rucker himself is part of a network of bloggers，op-cd writers，and policy-shop executives who argue that climate change is either a hoax or all example of left-wing hysteria．Surfacing old newspaper clips is one of their favorite games．They also make substantive arguments about climate policy,but the sniping may be more effective．There is no stronger rhetorical tool than ridicule． C.In this case，Ruckcr’s ridicule seems misplaced．After spending a few minutes poking around online，1 was able to find both the Washington Post article and the longer SourCe material that it came from—a weather report issued by the U．S．consul in Bergen，Norway,and sent to the State Department on october 1 0，1 922．The report didn’t say
Passage1 Reading leadership literature, you’d sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader. 读领导文学，你有时会认为每个人都有可能成为一个有效的领导者。 I don’t believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who arc sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities. 我不相信这是真的。事实上，我认为真正有效的领导者的方式比我看到的人都陷在领导的职位上，遗憾的是他们自己的能力不称职，严重误导了他们。 Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to（追求）leadership in the first place. 对产生这种现象的原因一部分是由那些渴望缺乏诚实的自我评估（追求）放在首位的领导 We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether it's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders. 我们都遇到了个人的类型，他们必须负责。无论是决策会议，篮球比赛，还是家庭外出，他们都不能不抓住领导的狗的地位，并紧紧抓住它，因为亲爱的生命。他们相信他们是天生的领袖。 Truth is, they're nothing of the sort. True leaders don't assume that it's their divine（神圣的）right to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it. 事实是，他们没有什么样的。真正的领导者不认为这是他们的神圣（神圣的）负责每次两个或两个以上的人在一起吧。恰恰相反。一个伟大的领导者会对每一个情况进行评估，并在他们的位置、情况和/或需要的情况下，只会负责。 Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that can’t be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience. Their one leadership tool is
12月英语四级长篇阅读匹配试题2016年12月英语四级长篇阅读匹配试题 BeingObjectiveonClimateChange https://www.doczj.com/doc/5c9087661.html,stweek，CraigRucker,aclimate-changeskepticandtheexecutivedirectorofanonprofitorganizatio ncalledtheCommitteeforaConstructiveTomorrow(CFACT)，tweetedaquotationsupposedlytakenfroma1922editionoftheWashin gtonPost： “Withinafewyearsitispredictedduetoicemeltthese awillrise&ma kemostcoastalcitiesuninhabitable.”Theintent，ofcourse，wastopokefunatcurrentheadlinesaboutclimatechange. B.Rucker’sorganizationisamemberoftheCoolerHeadsCoalitio n，anumbrellaorganizationoperatedbytheCompetitiveEnterpriseIns titute，anonprofitthatpridesitselfonitsoppositiontoenvironmentalist s.Ruckerhimselfispartofanetworkofbloggers，op-cdwriters，andpolicy-shopexecutiveswhoarguethatclimatechangeiseitherahoaxorallex ampleofleft- winghysteria.Surfacingoldnewspaperclipsisoneoftheirfavorite games.Theyalsomakesubstantiveargumentsaboutclimatepolicy,bu tthesnipingmaybemoreeffective.Thereisnostrongerrhetoricalto olthanridicule. C.Inthiscase， Ruckcr’sridiculeseemsmisplaced.Afterspendingafewminutespok ingaroundonline，
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长篇阅读——匹配题 Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Passage 1 Paper — More than Meets the Eye A) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades. B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card. C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose（纤维素化合物）-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses of which is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or , with the bulk being wood-based. Paper from Wood D) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful and then boiled with strong alkalies(碱) such as caustic soda, until a fine of fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals. E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called . This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paperback books will have a life of no greater than fifty years, not what we need for our archives. F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper". The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications. It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive. G) However, it is nevertheless what the must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to their . Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and in some cases simply vanish! H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously. I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will
2019英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题及答案解析(9) Deborah Kenny's "Born to Rise" Tells Story of Harlem Village Academies A) Deborah Kenny, CEO of the Harlem Village Academies, is frustrated with the nation's current education system. Unlike most, though, she decided to do something about it. Part declaration part record, her book Born to Rise writes down her journey toward creating and running her own system of progressive charter schools in Harlem in New York City. What is your educational philosophy? B) We want our students to receive the same high-quality education as students who are privileged to attend the best private schools in the country. Personally, I believe a progressive education is superior as long as it's delivered by really smart, talented teachers who know how to execute well. It's a sophisticated approach that really only works well in the hands of a really sophisticated educator. We're dealing with a little bit of a challenge because students enter this school from the regular public system. And when they enter in fifth grade, they're not yet well-trained in the basics reading, writing, and math--which means that we have to catch them up on basic math skills, on the 'basics of writing. And many of them come in at a kindergarten, first, second-grade level in reading. So we have to accelerate their mastery of the basics, but we reject the idea that if you do that you can't teach that at a high level. We push ourselves constantly to think about how we can make sure that our students will catch up while we teach at the highest possible
英语四级阅读题库含答案解析 1.Passage One Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn’t –we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed. Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and –without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it. From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. but that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else‘s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050. No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.” Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets. The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless. 57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph? A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all. B) It is an issue requiring world wide commitments. C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it. D) Very little will be done to bring it under control. 58. According to the author’s understanding, what is Al Gore’s view on global warming? A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of. B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences. C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized. D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about. 59. Green house emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _______. A) economic growth B) the widening gap between the rich and poor C) wasteful use of energy D) the rapid advances of science and technology