动词不定式的被动语态
一、复习各种时态的被动语态
★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done
以 the book , publish 为例：
一般现在/过去时： The book_______________________________.
一般/过去将来时: The book _________________________________.
The book __________________________________.
现在/过去进行时：The book ___________________________________.
现在/过去完成时:The book _____________________________________.
情态动词： The book _____________________________________.
二：动词不定式的被动语态
1. 动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式：
1）一般式（not/never ）to be done
2）完成式 (not/ never)to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）
2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用
1）做主语（常用it做形式主语）
To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous.
(或者：____________________________________________________)
被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。
__________________________________________________________________ 2）做表语
The party is to be held next Saturday evening.
明年，这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。
_________________________________________________________________ 3）做宾语
She didn’t like to be treated as a child.
He pretended to have been beaten by his step-father..
这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。
__________________________________________________________________ 4）做宾语补足语
Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.
这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座电影院。
_________________________________________________________________ 5）做定语
What a victory to be envied by those women!
英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。
__________________________________________________________________
6）做状语
All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.
他匆忙赶到订票处（booking office）却被告知所有的票都卖完了。
________________________________________________________________
3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。
1) 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与
该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时
He has nothing to eat. (分析： eat (动→nothing宾 / he 主→eat 谓) I will give you a book to read .(分析： _____ 动→____宾/ _____主→_____谓)
这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。
_______________________________________________________________
★注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式比较： I have a lot of letters to type . (我有很多信件要打印：I will type the letter)
I have a lot of letters to be typed. (意思为： I get sb. to type the letter)
I’ll go to New York. Have you anything __________(take) to your wife there
Do you have any clothes _____________(wash), sir” asked the maid
I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes _____________(wash)
2) 在“主语+表语（形容词）to do”中，主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定
式动词和主语之间是动宾关系。
This question is easy to answer. （分析：answer (动)------this question （宾））
★注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。
John is difficult to deal with. （分析：_________(动)----____________(宾)）
这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。____________________________________________这题目很难算出来。_____________________________________________
3. There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。
There is a lot of work to do / to be done. (多用主动形式)
没有什么可担心的。_______________________________________________
练习
一、填空. (请用to do , to be doing, to have done, to be done, to have been done )
1.It will take several weeks for your computer to
___________________(repair)
2.I knew him _____________________(catch) by the police.
3. A vote is required _____________________(take) in our company at once.
4.This makes it possible for them ________(make) metals into any
required shapes
5.Dick sped on the motorway only _______________(fine)
6.When some money went missing from the bank, Thomas was believed __
———____________________(steal) it.
7.The book is said to ______________________(translate) into several
languages.
8.I feel greatly honored __________________(welcome) into their
society .
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5e2651635.html,e on! It is an easy sentence ________________(translate).
10.When I came in, he pretended to ____________________.(read)
11.All these gifts must be mailed immediately
______________________(receive) in time for Christmas.
12.Mrs Smith warned her daughter ______________(not drive) after
drinking.
13.Hearing the good news, he was too excited _______________(speak).
14.It happened ____________________(rain) when I got there.
15.I am terribly sorry _________________(lose) your key.
16.I am sorry _____________(say )that he is going from bad to worse.
17.He asked______________(send) to the place where he was most needed.
18.What he hoped was____________________(admit) into the university
19.He got to the station only ____________(find) all the tickets had been
sold out.
20.I am sorry ___________________(keep) you waiting so long.
21.On their return the father asked his son _________(explain) what he
had learnt.
22..My advisor encouraged me _________(take) a summer course to improve
my writing skills.
23. don’t know whether you happen _________________(hear), but I’m going
to study in the this September.
24.4. The flu is believed ___________(cause) by viruses that like to
reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
25.He seems _______________（punish) by his teacher yesterday.
26.__________(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operation
on her.
27. He was too frightened _____ (say) anything.
28.The school ordered all the classroom__________( clean ).
29.My grandmother seems to have a lot ____________(worry) about.
30.I am going to the post office. Do you have any letter
_______________(post)
31.You are lucky enough ____________________(not catch) in the rain.
二：翻译练习
1.据说这会议已经被取消了
2.这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。
3.残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。
4.没有可以可以浪费的时间了。
5.能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸。
6.她假装没有听懂我说的话。
7.我希望被中山大学录取。
8.很抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。
Book7 unit2动词不定式被动语态形 一、复习各种时态的被动语态 ★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done （以the book , publish 为例） 一般现在/过去时： The book is/ was published. 一般/过去将来时: The book will/would be published. The book is/was going to be published. 现在/过去进行时： The book is/was being published. 现在/过去完成时: The book has/had been published. 情态动词： The book can/could/may/might…be published. 1）一般式：（not/never ）to be done 2）完成式：（not/ never）to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前） 三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如: They say that Mike is sick in bed. =It is said that Mike is sick in bed. =Mike is said to be sick in bed. 据说麦克卧床不起. People believe that he was killed. =It is believed that he was killed. =He is believed to have been killed. 大家相信他被杀了. 四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done). 语法功能： 1．作主语： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 2．作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang. 3．构成复合宾语： He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.
无被动语态的动词 除不及物动词无被动语态外，有另外六类动词无被动语态： 1．某些表示静态的及物动词： have，suit，hold（容纳），cost，suffer，last（持续）等。 He has a good car．（不说：A good car is had…）他有一辆好汽车。 They were having a bath then．（不说：A bath was
being had…）那时他们正在洗澡。 The shoes don't fit me．（不说：I'm not fitted by…）这双鞋不合适我。 He resembles his father．（不说：His father is resembled by…）他长得像他父亲。 The shirt suits me well．（不说：I'm suited by…）这衬衫很合我身。 The room can hold 500 people．（不说：500 people
can be held by…）这房间能容纳500个人。 The book cost me five dollars．（不说：I was cost five dollars by…）这本书花了我5美元。 They suffered heavy losses．（不说：They were suffered…）他们损失惨重。2．某些由及物动词转变的自动词(不需借助宾语即可表达动作，区别他动词，需要借助宾语表达动作) 这类动词常见的有：
promise（有指望），sell，wash，write，wear，read，break out，run out，give out，add up to，take place，turn out（证实），catch（挂住），等。 。 The goods sell well．（不说：…are sold…） 这些商品畅销。 The clothes wash well．（不说：…are washed…） 这些衣服好洗。 My pen writes
非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形 一、复习各种时态的被动语态 ★ 被动语态的基本结构：be+ done （以the book , publish 为例） 一般现在/过去时： The book is/ was p ublished 一般/过去将来时： The book will/would be p ublished The book is/was going to be p ublished 现在/过去进行时： The book is/was being p ublished 现在/过去完成时： The book has/had bee n p ublished 情态动词： The book can/could/may/might …be p ublished 二、不定式的被动式的基础知识： 1）一般式：（not/never ）to be done 2）完成式：（not/ never ）to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前） 三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如： They say that Mike is sick in bed. =lt is said that Mike is sick in bed. =Mike is said to be sick in bed. 据说麦克卧床不起. People believe that he was killed. =It is believed that he was killed. =He is believed to have been killed. 大家相信他被杀了. 四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done). 语法功能： 1.作主语： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 2.作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.
没有被动语态的动词 作者：佚名文章来源：本站原创 及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的动词短语一般有自己的被动语态。 1.The truth must be found out . (动词+副词) 2.The slow students shouldn’t be looked down upon. (动词+副词+介词) 上面句子中的动词或动词短语一般有自己的宾语，都可以象这样改为被动语态，但是要注意下列情况。 一、系动词和不及物动词没有被动语态。 She seemed tired after she worked a whole day. 常见的系动词look （看起来），sound (听起来)，taste （尝起来），smell （闻起来），feel（感到），go（变得），grow (变得)等。 二、一些不能接宾语的动词短语当然也有被动语态。 1．The war broke out in 1937. 2．The story took place in a small mountain village. 三、甚至有些及物动词和可以接宾语的动词短语要看他们作什么意思讲，有时也 只能有主动语态而不宜于用被动语态。 1．We have six classes every day. (上课) 2．The hall can hold more than 500 people. (容纳) 3．The project lasted 14 years and cost I billion US dollars. (延续) 4．No dish suits all tastes. (适合) 类似的还有fit ,catch ,get ,take ,own ,meet 等。 四、而有些动词和短语兼有及物和不及物两种用法，所以前者有被动语态，而后 者没有。 １．He serves in the Navy Department. (服役，不及物) ２．Hamburger is served in this restaurant. (供应，及物) ３．The plane toke off at eight last night. (起飞，不及物) 类似的还有look into （作往里看，不及物；作调查、研究，及物）look up (作好转，不及物；作查阅，及物)等。 五、而如果及物动词后的宾语是反身代词，相互代词；或者宾语前面有和主语同 一人物的物主代词；或者是同源宾语的动词，也常常不能转换为被动语态。 例如：
被动语态讲解 一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成， be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2）has /have been done 现在完成时 例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例A new cinema is being built here． 4）was/were done 一般过去时 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5）had been done 过去完成时 例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6）was/were being done 过去进行时 例A meeting was being held when I was there. 7）shall/will be done 一般将来时 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8）should/would be done 过去将来时 例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 例The project will have been completed before July. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一 个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构 中的主语，其余不动。 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。 例I don't like being laughed at in the public. 二、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
1. belong to属于…… Our success belongs to all the people present. 我们的成功属于在座的每一个人。 2. stand, lie等静态动词 这些动词表某物位于某处。 There stands a high building over there. 那边矗立着一座高高的楼房。 3. taste, feel, look, smell, sound 等感官动词 This kind of food tastes good. 这种食物尝起来味道很好。Ice always feels cold to us. 对我们来说冰摸起来总是冷的。 4. stay, keep, remain等动词 The weather has stayed hot recently.最近天气一直很热。 After his election to a high office, he remained modest. 在被选为高级领导干部之后他仍然谦虚。 5. sell well( 畅销), last well(持久), wash well(耐洗), write well(写起来流畅)等动副搭配 This kind of flower sells well. 这种花很畅销。 The pens produced in this factory write well .这家工厂生产的钢笔写起来流畅。 6. wash easily(易洗), break easily(易折), write smoothly(写起来流畅), light easily(易燃)等动副搭配 This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布容易洗。
被动语态 一、构成英语有两种语态: 主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者, 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者, 其构成为be + 过去分词。 1 . 被动语态各种时态形式表 一般时态进行时态完成时态 现在am /is /are+ asked am /is /are +being asked has /have been asked 过去was /were+asked was /were +being asked had been asked 将来shall /will +be asked shall /will +have been asked 过去将来 should /would +be asked should /would +have been asked I’m afraid I am being followed . We had to take a detour . The road was being repaired . The case has recently been tried . All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived . English is taught in most schools in China . They were given a warm send-off . Their wedding will be held in the church . They were told that the result would be announced 2 . 情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态时, 结构为: 一般式: 情态动词( can, could, may, might , must , should, need 等) + be + 过去分词 完成式: 情态动词( can, could, may, might , must , should, need 等) + have + 过去分词 This can be done by hand . This mustn’t be neglected . 二、被动语态使用要点 1 . 不及物动词不能用于被动语态 appear , rise, die, happen, occur, lie, depart , belong to, break out , take place 等都属此类动 词。例如: Great changes have been taken place in my hometown . (误) Great changes have taken place in my hometown . (正) 2 . 表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态 英语中有些动词(短语动词)不是表示动作, 而是表示某种状态或情况, 有“拥有、容纳、适合、缺少、明白”等意, 这类动词不能用于被动语态, 常见的有: lack , fit , mean, hold , resemble, have, cost , equal , contain, suit , comprise, become, last , possess, benefit , lack, befall 降 临, fail, consist of, look like 等。例如:The book costs 10 yuan . Jane resembles her mother . Note: 当have 作“吃, 接收, 经历, 度过”解时, 虽用作行为动词, 但一般不用于被动语态。例如: The children had a most enjoyable holiday . .. 但当have 作“得到, 获得, 欺骗”解, 或同某些介词、副词结合构成及物性短语动词时, 可用于被动语态。例如: She has been had in the dealing( over the bargain) . The ticket can be had for the asking .The young man was had up by the boss . ( = was summoned) 3 . 某些动词的进行时也可表示被动意义,常见的这类词有: bake, owe, brew, cook, print, bind, do 等。例如: The meat is cooking .The book is printing . The guns are firing . Apples are selling cheaply . ( = are being sold) The cow was milking . ( = was being milked) Drums and gongs are beating .( are being beaten) Some clothes are airing on the fence . 4 . 不及物动词构成的短语动词能否用于被动语态 1)及物动词构成的短语动词总是及物性的, 故可以用于被动语态(注意不可省掉或漏掉介 词或副词) , 如win over, give up, ask for , make mention of 等。但是, 不及物动词构成的短 语可以是及物性的, 也可以是不及物性的; 不及物性的短语动词不可用于被动语态, 如 look up/ down, speak for 等Things are looking up .(正) 2)不及物动词构成的及物性短语动词则可以用于被动语态
1.need, want, require（要求，需要）, deserve(应得，值得), be worth值得），not bear(经不住) +doing主动表被动。 Eg. The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。 These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. 这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。 Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了。 2. 不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。 I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。 （与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系） Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。 （与room有动宾关系，与Tom 有主谓关系） He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。 （与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系） 3. 不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式；动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，如 difficult, easy, comfortable(舒适的), convenient（便利的，方便的), hard, cheap, expensive, 等，不定式用主动表被动。 The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。 I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。 That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。 4. 在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义: Who is to blame for starting the fire? 这场火灾应由谁负责? You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受动责备。 The house is to let. 此房出租。 A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做。 5. 系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。 常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到), look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)等, 例如: Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。 Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。 6. 一些与can''t或won''t连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演), write(写)，cut(砍，切)，wear(穿，戴)等,用作不及物动词时，用主动表被动。 例如: The door won''t open.这门打不开。 It can''t move.它不能动。
被动语态与不定式的被动形式 一、选择正确的动词形式 1. No one should be _________ fun of in the public. A. making B. to make C. made D. being made 2. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you wouldn’t have time to ________before the party. A. get dressed B. get dress C. get dressing D. get to dress 3. —How are things going? —The disabled people ________ care of by the volunteers right now. A. are taking B. will take C. are being taken D. is being taken 4. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ____ in Beijing. A. would complete B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed 5. In 1998, this was the longest bridge that ________. A. was ever built B. had ever built C. has ever been built D. had ever been built 6. —Did you see Sandy in the manager’s office? —Yes, she ________ by the manager. A. is questioned B. was being questioned C. had been questioned D. was questioned 7. The fans hurried to the airport, only _____ they had missed the famous singer. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 8. An exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week． A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D．will hold 9. Tom is said _______ to another school already. A. to send B. to be sent C. to have been sent D. to have sent 10. All the applicants ______ today shall wait in this room. A. to interview B. will be interviewed C. are interviewed D. to be interviewed 二、根据句子中所缺少的成分，并使用括号内的动词适当形式补全句子。 1. The topics ________________ (discuss) next class will be sent to you by email. 2.Where to have the party ________________ （discuss）now． 3. The new bridge ________________（build）in a month． 4. The bridge ________________（build）next month will be called the East Bridge. 5. This book is said _______________________(translate) into English by 1611. 6. This book ________________________(translate) into English by 1611.
动词被动语态经典 一、动词被动语态 1．Mr．Green _____ to sing an English song at the party and he sang well． A. was invited B. invited C. is invited D. invites 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】主语Mr．Green是动词invite的承受者，结合sang可知表达的是过去的事情用一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词，主语Mr．Green故was，故答案是A． 2．Basketball ____ by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith. A. is invented B. was invented C. invented D. invents 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：篮球是一位叫James Naismith的加拿大医生发明的。主语是动作的执行者，用主动语态，主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态。本句中，主语basketball是谓语动词invent的承受者，用被动语态；发明篮球是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时态，故选B。 3．You throw it away. It can . A. needn't; recycle B. needn't; be recycled C. don't need; be recycled 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：你没有必要把它扔掉。它可以被回收利用。need的否定形式是needn't，不必，后跟动词原形；recycle，回收利用，和主语it之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态，can 是情态动词，含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+done，故选B。 【点评】此题考查情态动词need和含有情态动词的被动结构。 4．----Don't smoke here, Dad. Smoking _____ in public places. ----Oh, sorry. I'll stop right now. A. isn't allowed B. aren't allowed C. doesn't allow 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:----不要在这儿吸烟，爸爸。在公共场所不允许吸烟。----哦，对不起，我马上停止。“不允许吸烟”，吸烟smoking在句中作主语，用被动语态。动名词短语smoking作主语，谓语用三人称单数.故选A
动词不定式有两种被动式, 即一般式和完成式, 例如do的被动式有to be done, to have been done。只有及物动词和相当于及物动词的短语才有不定式的被动式。一般说来, 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时, 该不定式要用被动式。例如: He asked to be sent to work in that factory. 他要求派他去那个工厂工作。 These books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 这些书不许带出室外。 但在某些情况下, 不定式虽然表示被动意思, 用的却是主动形式。常见的有下列几种情况: 一、在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。 1）have（give, show）sth. to do 在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系, 与I是主谓关系。否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。试比较: Have you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有事要做吗? （to do是由you发出的） Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要带给你父母的东西吗? （谁带不得而知）再如: Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。 He'll show you the right path to take. 他会给你指出要走的正确的路。 2）It（This, That）＋be＋a／an＋adj. ＋n. ＋to do 在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。 question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为for me to answer。再如: It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。 3）There ＋be ＋n. ＋to do 在此句型中, 用来修饰主语的不定式, 可用主动式, 也可用被动式, 只是侧重点不同。用主动式作定语, 重点在人, 用被动式作定语, 重点在物。例如: 没有时间可以耽误。可译成: There is no time to lose（to be lost）. 用to lose可看成for us to lose; 用to be lost, 谁lost time 不明确。 但下述两句用主动不定式与被动不定式意义不同: a. There is nothing to do now. （＝We have nothing to do now. ）现在没事干。 b. There is nothing to be done. （＝We can do nothing now. ）现在没办法了。 a. There is nothing to see. （nothing worth seeing）没有东西值得看。 b. There is nothing to be seen. （nothing there at all）看不见什么东西。 二、在某些“形容词＋不定式”的结构中, 不定式有被动意义, 与句子主语构成动宾关系。其句型有: 1）n. ＋be＋adj. ＋to do The question was very difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。 The job is very easy to do. 这工作很容易做。 2）n. ＋be＋too＋adj. ＋to do
英语中不能用于被动语态的动词都有哪些？ 最佳答案 你就记住一些动词应用中只能用主动表示被动。 1、Need, want, require, be worth后面接doing主动表被动。 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。 Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了。 2、不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。 I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系） Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。（与room有动宾关系，与Tom 有主谓关系） 3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语+系动词+形容词+ 不定式；动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，如:difficult, easy, comfortable, convenient（便利的，方便的), hard, cheap, expensive等，不定式用主动表被动。 The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。 I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。 4、在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义: Who is to blame for starting the fire? 这场火灾应由谁负责? You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受动责备。 The house is to let.此房出租。 A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做。 5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste, sound , prove, feel, look，smell等,例如: Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。 Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。 6、一些与can't或won't连用的动词。常用的有: lock, shut , open, act, write，cut，wear等,用作不及物动词时，用主动表被动。例如 The door won't open.这门打不开。It can't move.它不能动。 7、一些动词如sell , wash, clean, burn, cook等与副词如well, easily, perfectly 等连用,描绘事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如: The book sells well.这种书很畅销。These clothes wash easily.这些衣服很易洗。The pen writes well. 这笔很好写。 8、主语much, a great deal, little, what等，其表语如是不定式，则用不定式的主动表被动。 What is to do? 做什么？Much is to do. 太多要做的事。 9、在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时，所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。 There is nothing doing these days. 这些天没事干。 I see there’s a good idea planning. 我知道又在打好主意。
?不定式的被动式的概念： 如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式要用被动式。如：The next thing to be done is to get our classroom pained. ?不定式被动式的用法： 一、基本形式： 不定式被动式的基本形式为to be done；若表示动作先于另一动作之前，则用完成式，即to have been done。 二、用法归纳： 不定式被动式在句中可以用作： 1、主语： 如：It's a great honour to be invited to the banquet. 承蒙邀请赴宴，甚是荣幸。 To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a good tiring. 被敌人反对是好事，不是坏事。 It's a pity to be kept in the house in fine weather. 好天气时被留在家里是很遗憾的。 2、表语： 如：All this is to be sold. 所有这些都是出售的。 Water must be pure if it is to be drunk. 水如供饮用必须净化。 The switchboard is to be manned at all times. 任何时候电话总机那儿都应有专人在岗负责。
3、宾语： 如：She doesn't want to be separated from him. 她不愿和他分开。 He begged to be allowed to return to Brazil. 他恳求允许他返回巴西。 I don't wish to be disturbed in my work. 在工作时我不愿意被人打扰。 They demanded to be shown the authentic documents. 他们要求出示真实可靠的文件。 4、定语： 如：I made notes of the things to be mended. 我记下了需要修补的东西。 The Blacks are the first to be fired and the last to be hired. 黑人是最先被解雇，最后被雇用。 5、状语： 如：He asked to be kept in formed about developments. 他要求随时向他报告发展情况。 As she waited to be served, she became very impatient. 她在等候侍者送饭时，很不耐烦。 She got there only to be told that they had gone on holiday. 她到达那里，被告知他们度假去了。 6、宾语补足语： 如：He did not like his intention to be laughed at. 他不喜欢自己的意图受到嘲笑。 He ordered the goods to be sent by air. 他命令把货物空运 7、主语补足语： 如：The court was ordered to be cleared. 有命令要关闭法庭。
无被动语态的动词及短语 1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：appear, die(死亡),disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 3) 系动词无被动语态： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等 It sounds good. 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态： die, death, dream, live, life She dreamed a bad dream last night. 5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。 (对) She likes to swim. (错) To swim is liked by her.