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初中英语介词讲解

初中英语介词讲解
初中英语介词讲解

介词

介词(虚词),不能在句子中独立充当成分。它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类或短语从句前。

一.时间介词的用法辨析

1. 时间介词in、on、at、by的用法辨析

A. 介词in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分如:in the morning

B. 介词 on + 具体某天

(具体某天的上、下午等;星期词;以及上、下午词前有修饰词时)如:on a rainy day

C. 介词at用来表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等。at + 具体时刻:at noon

at night 的意思是during any night,通常表泛指;

in the night的意思是during one particular night,通常表特指

D. 介词by表示…的时候、到、等到…已经等用在天、时间的前面。如:by 2 o‘clo ck

另外注意:在时间词(morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday…)前有last, next , this , that时,不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。

2. 时间介词in与after 的用法辨析

A. 介词in + 时间段一般将来时。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.

B. 介词after + 时间段一般过去时。如:My mother came home after half an hour.

C. 介词after + 时间点一般将来时。如:We’ll go out for a walk after supper.

3. 时间介词for与since的用法辨析

. 介词for 表示一段时间如:I have been living here for 10 years.

介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如:I have been living here since 2000.

4. 时间介词during与for的用法辨析

A. 当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during 如:He swims every day during the summer.

B. 如果一段时间不明确则用介词for 如:I haven’t seen her for years.

5. 时间介词before与by的用法辨析

A. 介词before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .

B. 介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday.

6. 时间介词till与until用法的异同

A. till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到…为止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.

B. till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。

如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.C. till多用于普通文体,而until则用于多种文体,并且在句子开头时,用until而不用till。

如:Until he comes back,nothing can be d one.

7. 不用介词表达时间的几种情况

A. 当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning

B. 当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如:next Sunday

C. 当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday

D. 当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词,

如:You can come any day.

二.方位介词与地点介词的用法辨析

1. 方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析

A. 介词on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起,如:The book is on the tabl e.

B. 介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”,如:Is there any bridge over the river?

C. 介词above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”,如:There was an el ectric cl ock above his bed.

2. in, on 表示"在……上"时,不是都用"on",有时须用in。在树上

in the tree 用于指树上的鸟、人等。

on the tree用于指生长在树上的叶子、果实。在墙上

in the wall镶嵌在墙内,指窗户、门、钉子等。

on the wall在墙的表面之上,指地图、画像等。在报纸上

in the newspaper用于指报上的内容。

on the newspaper用于指放在报纸上的东西,如眼镜等

3.方位介词und er与below的用法辨析

A. 介词und er是over的反义词即“在…下方”,如:They were seen und er the tree.

B. 介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”,“在…之下”,如:They live below us.

4. 方位介词across/cross,、through、over,、past的用法辨析

A. 介词across/cross着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。

如:She went across the street to make some purchases.

B. 介词through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内穿过。

如:The sunlight was coming in through the wind ow.

C. 介词over多表示从“上方越过”,如:He fail ed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.

D. 介词past表示从“面前经过”,如:Someone has just gone past the wind ow.

5. 方位介词in、on、at的用法辨析

A. 介词in表示“排、行、组”,如:We are in Team One.

B. 介词on表示“左、右”,如:Li Ping is on my l eft.

C. 介词at表示“前、后”,如:I sit at the front of the classroom.

6. 方位介词to、for的用法辨析

A . 介词to表示目的地或去的目的,如:Wil you take a train to Tianjian.

B. 介词for表示动身去某地,如:He got on a train for Shanghai.

7. 地点介词at与in的用法辨析

A. 介词at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等,如:He lives at a small village.

B. 介词in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing.

8. 地点介词at与on的用法辨析

A. 介词at用于门牌号,如:He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.

B. 介词on用于路名,如:He lives on Nanjing Road.

9. 地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析

把河流、山脉、铁路等事物当做两地的分界线或基点,且不说明河流、山脉、铁路等是属于哪一方,通常使用介词to,译为“以……(方向)”。此外,表示一个地方离另一个地方有多远,也用to。例如:Land to the east of the Urals is called Asia;land to the west,Europe.

乌拉尔山脉以东的陆地称为亚洲;以西的陆地称为欧洲。

三.其他易混介词的用法辨析

1. 动作介词to与toward的用法辨析

A. 介词to表示向某处移动,如:They were driving to work together.

B. 介词toward 表示移向某处,如:We're moving toward the light.

2. 原因介词because、as、for的用法辨析

A. 介词because表示“因为;由于”指直接的、明确的原因,回答why的问句,语气最强。

如:The boy was absent because he was ill.

B. 介词as表示“由于;鉴于”指一种显而易见、谈话双方已知的理由。

如:She stayed at home as she had no car.

C. 介词for表示“因为;由于”指一种间接原因,甚至只是一种附带的说明。

如:It must have rained last night, for the road is wet.

3. 材料介词of和from的用法

A. 介词of用于成品与材料的性质不变时,如:The d esk is mad e of wood.

B. 介词from用于成品与材料的性质已变时,如:Wine is mad e from grapes.

4. 表示“用”的介词in、with、by的用法辨析

A. 介词in表示“用材料、语言”如:Can you say it in English?

B. 介词with表示“用工具、某物”如:with a pen

C. 介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”如:He prefers traveling by car.

5. 介词between与among的用法辨析

A. 介词between 表示“在两者之间”如:Don’t sit between the two girls.

B. 介词among表示“在…当中(三者或以上)”如:They lived among the mountains in the past.

6. 介词besid es与except、except for的用法辨析

A.介词besid es表示“除…之外(全部计算在内)”如:We have seen the crocodile besid es Li Fang.

B.介词except表示“除…之外(不计算在内)”如:We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.

C.介词except for除了……以外,区别:except 连用的整体词和except 所跟的词常常是同类的,是指整体除去一部份; 而except for 连用的整体词往往不是同类的,是指整体中除去一个细节..。Eg. Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. (except for用于表示对主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定) 除了几处拼写错误以外,你的作文写得很好。

7,使用工具用介词 with 使用器官用介词 with 如:The child eats with a spoon. 那孩子用汤匙吃东西。使用语言用介词 in 使用声音用介词 in 表示“用”某种材料in。

如:This statue is cut in marble. 这座雕像是用大理石刻成的。

请比较:Don’t write a letter with a pencil. 不要用铅笔写信(with指“工具”)。

This is a letter written in pencil. 这封信是用铅笔写的(指“材料”)。

with与in的区别(用于穿着时)

in后接衣服,也可接颜色,可作定语或和be连用作谓语。

The man in blue is our teacher.蓝衣服的那个人是我的老师。

with表示穿戴,只能作定语,而且只能和眼镜、手套等连用,不能接衣服。

.The boy with thick glasses is our monitor.深度眼镜那个男孩是我们的班长。

8,on与about : 关于

on用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等

about用于非正式的谈话或随便提及

常见介词短语分类列举

1).介词与动词搭配

arrive in/at到达 ask for要,请求do well in在……方面做得好give in投降

go on继续 hear from收到……来信 hear of听说help's B.with sth.帮助……做 laugh at 嘲笑 learn from向……学习leave for离开一地去另一地 go in for从事,致力于 put up穿上,挂上 take down拿下,取了shout at大声叫喊,吼叫take away拿走,带走think of考虑,关心 turn into把……变成 wait for等候,等待take off脱下,起飞 turn on/off打开(关上) begin with以……开始deal/do with处置,对待 pass on 传递 belong to属于call on号召,访问,邀请die of/from死于…… depend on依靠,依赖smile at向……微笑 believe in信任look out向四下看,到处看

2).介词与名词搭配

in time及时 in bed卧床in life一生中 on time准时,按时 at hospital在医院 with a smile带着微笑 of course当然(可以) in a hurry匆忙,急忙in a minute一会儿by the way顺便说说/问问 at first首先,起初 at last最后,终于at least至少on one’s way to在……的路上 in the sun在阳光下in a tree在树上in surprise惊奇地 at once立刻,马上at the foot of在……脚下 at all压根儿at dinner在吃正餐 at the table在桌子旁in a word总而言之,一句话in trouble处于困境 in fact事实上in the street在街上in the end最后,终于in space在空间 in no time立刻,很快in order按顺序,整齐,正常in order to为了,以便 in the day在白天 in line成一直线in a short while不久in all总共,总计 out of breath上气不接下气

out of sight消失,看不见on duty值日on the left/right在左/右边

on the one hand on the other hand一方面……另一方面

in the distance在远处in public当众,公开地 out of work失业 on the radio通过无线电广播3)介词与形容词、过去分词和动词等搭配

be born in出生于……be good at擅长……be made of由……制成

be angry with s B. 对某人生气be angry at sth. 为某事生气be pleased with s B. 对某人感到满意 be satisfied with sth.对某事感到满意be surprised at对……感到惊奇/诧异be tired of讨厌……/厌倦…… be interested in对……感兴趣be proud of以……为自豪/骄傲 take/catch hold of抓住be sure of确信…… take part in参加 break into 闯入tbe busy with忙于……be strict with对……严格要求

catch up with跟上,赶上 have nothing to do with与……无关 give a lesson to给……上课 forward to盼望,期待 keep out of不让进入 go on strike罢工be used to习惯于……

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注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。 3. by 表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。 They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示材料的介词:of, from, in 1. of 成品仍可看出原料。 This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from 成品已看不出原料。 Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。 Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on 1. by 用某种方式,多用于交通。 I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。 2. with表示“用某种工具”。

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