初中不定式和动名词
一、动词不定式：构成：to + 动词原形（to只是不定式符号，没有意义）
1.动词不定式作主语较长时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末
It + is/was+形容词+(for sb.) +动词不定式
To learn English well is useful. = It’s useful to learn English well.学好英语是有用的。
To protect environment is important for us.
= It’s important for us to protect environment.对于我们来说保护环境是很重要的。
2. It is / was + kind / good/ nice/ clever + of sb. + 动词不定式
、
It’s very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。
It’s very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真的太聪明啦。
3. It takes ( took , will take ) sb. some time to do something. (做某事花费某人…时间)
4. 常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词有：
agree 同意, begin 开始, choose 选择, dare 敢, decide 决定,
expect 期望, forget 忘记, hate 憎恨, hope 希望, learn 学会,
like 喜欢, love 喜爱, need 必要, offer 提供, prefer 宁愿,
promise保证, refuse 拒绝, remember 记得, start 开始, try 设法,
$
want 想要, wish 希望, would like想要
5. 主语+ find / think + it +形容词+ (for sb.) + to do
I find it easy to read English every day. 我发现每天读英语和容易的。
He felt it hard to sleep.他觉得很难入睡。
I think it very interesting to learn English. 我认为学英语很有趣。
We found it impossible to cross the river. 我们发现过河是不可能的。
6. 下列动词跟动词不定式充当宾语补助语：
want 想要, wish 希望, ask 问, tell 告诉, order 命令,
）
beg 乞求, help 帮助, advise 建议, allow 允许, prepare 准备,
call 叫, wait for 等待, invite 邀请
The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答
The room is comfortable to live in. 这个房间住起来很舒服
He is easy to get along with. 他很容易相处
I’m glad to see you again. 很高兴再次见到你
She told me to buy a ticket.她让我去买张票
7.help 后的不定式可带to, 也可不带to
~
The teachers helped the students (to) learn English well. 那些老师帮助学生学好英语。
He often helps his mother (to) tidy up the room.他经常帮助他妈妈整理房间。
8.不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等
Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作就是打扫大厅。
My dream is to be a teacher.我的梦想是当一名教师。
9.不定式作状语的用法
He worked day and night to get the money.（表目的）他日夜工作来赚钱。
He is too young to go to school. （表结果）他太小以致不能上学。
~
They were very sad to hear the news.（表原因）听到这个消息他们非常伤心。
The question is simple for him to answer.（表程度）这个问题对他来说太容易回答了。
10.动词不定式省to的情况
A.一感feel ,二听hear, listen to ,三使have, let, make, 四看see, watch, look at,
notice
B.]
C.不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如这些介词前有实义动词do的
各种形式, 则后接不带to 的不定式。
What do you like to do besides swim 除了游泳你还喜欢做什么
He does nothing but watch TV every day. 他每天除了看电视，什么也不做。
I have no choice but accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实我别无选择。
C. would rather…than, rather than 等结构的than之后用不带to的动词不定式。
He would go back to his work rather than stay in hospital.
I would prefer to stay here rather than go there.
D. had better 后不接to
!
11. 不定式的否定式是在不定式前加not
They told us not to play basketball too long.
You had better not go to bed late.
12. 动词不定式可以和疑问词who, what, which, when, how, where(why除外)等连用，
构成不定式短语。
Can you tell me how to get to the post office
I didn’t know what to do next.
How to learn English well is the question that we all want to ask.
The question is when to get there.
&
二、动名词（动词+ing）作用相当于名词
1. Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。
Your task is cleaning the windows.你的任务就是擦窗户。
a washing machine 洗衣机， a reading room 阅览室
2. 下列动词只能接动名词（即动词+ing）
enjoy doing sth, 喜欢做某事mind doing sth 介意做某事,
practice doing sth 练习做某事finish doing sth 做完某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事keep doing sth 坚持做某事
~
be used to doing sth 习惯做某事spend…(in) doing sth 花费时间做某事
have fun doing sth 尽情做某事have a good time doing sth 做某事很快乐
prefer doing sth to doing sth 与…相比更喜欢做某事
can’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事
look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事
三、不定式与动名词的比较
1．有些动词后面既可接不定式，也可接动名词，意义不变。如：
begin 开始, start开始, hate 憎恨, like喜欢, love喜爱
2．有些动词后接不定式或名词时，意义差别较大
@
1）stop doing sth 记得作过某事（某事已做过）
stop to so sth记住去做某事（某事还没做）
2）forget doing sth 忘了作过某事（某事已做过）
forget to do sth 忘了去做某事（某事还没做）
3）try to do sth 尽力去做某事
try doing sth 试一试，试试看
4）go on doing sth 继续做某事（同一动作）
go on to do sth 继续去做某事（不同的事）
…
5）stop doing sth 把某事停下来
stop to do sth停下（手中事）去做另外的事
非谓语动词（不定式和动名词）专练
（）1. Mother told her son in the street.
A. not play
B. to not play
C. doesn’t play
D. not to play
( ) 2. His wish was a scientist.
~
A. to becomes
B. becomes
C. become
D. to become
( ) 3. It’s raining hard. You’d better .
A. go out
B. not go out
C. not to go out
D. to not out
( ) 4. Do you know washing machine
A. where to get
B. to where to get
C. where get
D. to where get ( ) 5. The students don’t know next.
A. how to
B. what to do
C. what do
D. do what
( ) 6. Would you mind me how English words
A.|
B.telling , to remember B. telling, remember
C. tell, to remember
D. tell, remember
( ) 7. Mr. Brown asked us to stop , and we stopped him at once.
A. talking, to listen to
B. to talk, to listen
C. talking, listening
D. talk, listen
( ) 8. What are you going to be after you finish college
I’m going to be a singer, but my parents me to be a doctor.
A. hope
B. want
C. make
D. let
'
( ) 9. I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhang’s home just now.
Yes , she is often seen the old man with his housework.
A. help
B. to help
C. helps
D. helped
( ) 10. Do you need to get there before ten No, I .
A. don’t have to
B. don’t need
C. can’t
D. mustn’t
( ) 12. After she finished the letter, she went to bed.
A. to write
B. writing
C. written
D. wrote
( ) 13. It was very late at night, he still went on .
>
A. works
B. worked
C. working
D. work
( ) 14. Have you finish the book
Not yet. I’ll try it to you before Friday.
A.reading, returning,
B. to read, to return
C. reading, to return,
D. to read,
returning
( ) 15. The old man is strong enough. He prefers to .
A. walking, riding
B. walk, ride
C. to walk, ride
D. walking, ride
( ) 16. I have quite a few people .
A. take care of
B. to take care of
C. to take care
D. take care
,
( ) 17. I usually forget the door, but I remembered it when I left yesterday.
A.closing, closing
B. to close, to close
C. to close, closing
D. closing, to close
( ) 18. I’m made thirsty by the strange thing.
A. feel
B. feeling
C. to feel
D. felt
( ) 19. Would you please
A. not go there
B. to go there
C. going there
D. not to go there
( ) 20. I’m sorry your friend is ill.
A. hear
B. to hear
C. listen
D. to listen
~
( ) 21. Will you please tell John to come to my office .
A. Yes, I do
B. I’ll be glad
C. Thank you
D. I’ll be glad to
( ) 22. Have you read the book It’s worth .
A. read
B. to read
C. reading
D. to reading
( ) 23. This box is too heavy for the child .
A. to carry it
B. to carry
C. carrying
D. carrying it
( ) 24. The young man is old enough the army.
A. join
B. joining
C. to join
D. joins
#
( ) 25. The flowers need .
A. watering
B. to water
C. water
D. watered
( ) 27. Have you finished the work
Not yet, but no matter how hard it is, we’ll keep until we make it.
A. failed
B. trying
C. tried
D. falling
( ) 28. Do you want to eat something
. thanks. I am feeling sick now. I don’t feel like .
A. Yes, eating something
B. No, to eat anything
(
C. Yes, to eat anything
D. No, eating anything
( ) 29. Do you still remember me something in Shanghai
Yes, of course. Two years ago.
A. to see
B. see
C. seeing
D. saw
( ) 30. It took us a long time Hawaii but we thought the journey was enjoyable.
A. to get
B. getting
C. to reach
D. reaching
( ) 31. I t’s important the piano well.
A. of him to play
B. for him to play
C. of him playing
D. for him playing
*
( ) 32. Good manners usually help people to each other.
A. get on well with
B. get started
C. get together
D. get ready
( ) 33. Our teacher always tell us more English in and out of class.
A. speak
B. spoken
C. to speak
D. speaking
( ) 34. My mother often asks me early.
A. get up
B. got up
C. getting up
D. to get up
( ) 35. Shopping with me Sorry, I have a lot of clothes .
A. to wash
B. washed
C. wash
D. to be washed
( ) 36. She needs some paper to .
A. write
B. write in
C. write with
D. write on
( ) 37. Listening! Can you hear a baby
A. cry
B. to cry
C. crying
D. cries
( ) 38. When people want to relax themselves, they prefer TV or listen to music rather than newspapers.
A. watching, read
B. watching, to read
C. to watch, read
D. to watch, reading ( ) 40. Will you go shopping together with us this Saturday, Jenny Yes. .
A. I do
B. I’d like to
C. I’d love to do
D. I’m busy
中考英语动词不定式考点全攻略 动词不定式历来是中考英语命题的热点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为"（not）to+动词原形"。 考点攻略一：动词不定式作主语 1）动词不定式直接用在主语位置：To see you is always a pleasure. 2）如果主语较长，则可以用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。 ①It is +形容词+(of sb.) to do sth. 此处常用careless, clever, foolish, honest, kind, nice, rude, stupid, silly, wrong, wise等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质。 It’s brave of you to jump into the river to save the boy! ②It is +名词或形容词+ (for sb.)to do sth. 此处常用necessary, hard, difficult, easy, important, impossible等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式的动作或行为的性质。 It is our duty to keep our classroom clean. It is important for us to protect the environment. ③It takes sb. some time to do sth. It usually takes us about two and a half hours to travel from Shanghai to Japan. 考点攻略二：动词不定式作宾语 其后常接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, afford, choose, decide, expect, plan, promise, manage, hope, wish, want, seem, refuse, fail等。 I didn’t expect to see you here. 在某些复合宾语中，动词有find, consider, think, make, feel,常先用it代替不定式，作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。 I find it impossible to finish the task on time. 考点攻略三：动词不定式作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾补，即“动词+宾语+（not）to do sth.”，接不定式作宾补的常见动词有：advise, allow, ask, cause, expect, beg, encourage, get, help, invite, teach, order, remind, tell, want, wish, warn等。 My parents always tell me not to be late for school. 考点攻略四：动词不定式作表语 不定式作表语一般位于系动词之后，表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作；若主语是aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, wish等名词，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 It is said that they are to visit China next month. My wish is to become a scientist like Einstein. 考点攻略五：动词不定式作定语（常用于名词之后）。 由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语， Tom is always the first student to arrive at school. 注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的词之间有动宾关系时，此不定式后要加相应的介词。 We haven’t decided which hotel to stay at. I need a pen to write with. 考点攻略六：动词不定式作目的状语。如： To keep fit, students are advised to do morning exercises. so as to (不可用于句首使用)，in order to也可以引导目的状语。
初中英语情态动词详细用法归纳（含练习及答案） 1. can 的用法： （1）.表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力.如：She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快，但我不能。 I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。could是can的过去式。表示过去的能力。 be able to do sth. 常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。is/am/are able to do sth was/were able to do sth. （2）.表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。 （3）.表示推测，可能性，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。如：Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗？—Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。 【例题】—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. —No. She __be there, I have just been there. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t 【解析】根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知，应为“ 不可能”，can’t 表示推测[答案] A could的用法： （1）.can的过去式，意为“ 能、会”，表示过去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。 （2）. could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you give me a hand? 你能帮我个忙吗？—Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you can.可以。（用could问，不能用could答。） 2. may的用法： （1）.表示请求、许可，比can 正式，如：May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。 【例题】—_______ I borrow your MP3? —Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would 【解析】在此处表示请求，意为“ 做……可以吗”。答案：A (2) .表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“ 可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。She may be at home. 她可能在家呢. may not 翻译为“可能不” (3) .may的过去式为might ，表示推测时。可能性低于may。如：He is away from school. He might be sick. 他离开学校了，可能是他生病了。 (4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V 例如：May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快。May you be happy! 祝你幸福！May you succeed！祝你成功！ 3. must的用法： (1).must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I finish my homework right now? 我必须现在交作业吗？(must引导的疑问句) 肯定回答：yes ,you must. 否定回答：No, you needn’t/ don’t have to (2) 其否定形式mustn’t表示“ 一定不要” “千万别” “禁止, 不许”. 如：You mustn’t play with fire. 你不许玩火。You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到。 (3)must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句,指百分百肯定。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。 （4）①must 和have to 都有”必须”的含义，但侧重点不同： must强调说话者主观(自己）的看法。 have to强调客观（外力作用）的需要，也可以翻译为“不得不”。
英语易错动词 ***spend/ take / cost/ pay for ①spend的主语通常是“人”，即“某人在…花多少时间或金钱。” Sb. spend…(in) doing sth. Sb. spend…on sth. 1) The boy spends a lot of money.(in) playing computer games.（那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子游戏。） 2) She spent lots of money on books last year.（去年她花费很多钱在书本上。） ②pay for的主语也是“人”，即“某人为…支付多少钱。” Sb. pay (some money) for sth. I paid two hundred yuan for the watch. （我花了200块钱买这块手表。） = I spent two hundred yuan on the watch. = I spent two hundred yuan buying the watch. = The watch cost me two hundred yuan. ③cost的主语通常是事物cost-cost-cost ①某物值多少钱②某物花了某人多少钱 Sth. cost sb. some money 1) The watch cost me two hundred yuan.（这块手表花了我200块钱。） 2) Writing a novel cost plenty of time.（写本小说要花很多时间。） 3) The girl's bad behavior cost her parents many sleepless nights. （那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母许多夜晚睡不着。） 注意：cost的过去式，过去分词都是cost。 ②take前常以it作形式主语，作“做某事需要花多少时间。” It takes sb. some time to do sth. 1) How long does it take you to finish the work?（你需要多少时间才能完成那工作？） 2) It took me an hour to repair my bike.（我花了一个小时修理自行车。） 3) It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth.（说真话需要很大的勇气。） *** speak/ say/ tell/ talk ①speak说某种语言，说某人好、坏话，是及物动词；发表讲话，对某人说话，是不及物动词。 1) The students speak English very fluently.（这些学生英语说得非常流利。） 2) The Prime Minister spoke on the international situation.（首相就国际形势发表了演说。） 3) She always speaks ill of others.（她总是说别人的坏话。） ②speak的习惯用语： Generally speaking 一般而言Frankly speaking 坦白地说 Strictly speaking 严格地说not to speak of 且不说；更不用说 1) Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman.（一般而言，男人比女人强壮。） 2) We can speak English, not to speak of Chinese.（我们会读英语，汉语更不用说了。）
不定代词用法归纳(详细讲解) ■本站特约作者陈根花 一、不定代词概说 英语的不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等，以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。在这些不定代词中，多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而 no 和 every 则只用作定语。 二、指两者和三者的不定代词 有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither)，有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every)，注意不要弄混： Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。 There are trees on any side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树。 He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子，都不富有。 He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子，都不富有。 【说明】each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上，而 every 只用于三者或三者以上，因此用于两者时只能用 each，不能用 every。如不能说 There are trees on every side of the road. 三、复合不定代词的用法特点 复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句(参见 any & some)。具体使用时应注意以下几点： 1.复合不定代词受定语修饰时，定语应放在它们后面： There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。 Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous? 你见过名人吗? 2.指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their：Everyone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]?人人都知道这一点，不是吗? If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来，让他等着。 3.指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语，谓语动词只能用单数，相应的人称代词也只能用 it，而不用 they：
初中英语情态动词详细用法归纳（含练习及答案）（直接打印版） 情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 1. can 的用法： （1）.表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为―能、会‖，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may 和must 均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。 （2）.表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。 （3）.表示推测，意为―可能‖，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t 译为― 不可能‖。如：Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗？—Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。 【例题】—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. —No. She __be there, I have just been there. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t 【解析】根据下文―我刚去过那儿‖可知，应为― 不可能‖，can’t 表示推测[答案] A 2. could的用法： （1）.can的过去式，意为― 能、会‖，表示过去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。 （2）. could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗？—Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答） 3. may的用法： （1）.表示请求、许可，比can 正式，如：May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。 【例题】—_______ I borrow your MP3? —Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would 【解析】在此处表示请求，意为― 做……可以吗‖。答案：A (2) .表示推测，谈论可能性，意为― 可能，或许‖，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。She may be at home. 她可能在家呢. (3) .may的过去式为might ，表示推测时。可能性低于may。如：He is away from school. He might be sick. 他离开学校了，可能是他生病了。 (4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V 例如：May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快。May you be happy! 祝你幸福！May you succeed！祝你成功！ 4. must的用法： (1).must 表示主观看法，意为―必须、一定‖。如：You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必须现在交作业吗？ (2) 其否定形式mustn’t表示― 一定不要‖ ―千万别‖ ―禁止, 不许‖. 如：You mustn’t play with fire. 你不许玩火。You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到。 （3）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to .如：—Must I finish my homework?我现在必须完成作业吗？—No, you needn’t.不，你不必。 (4)must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。 注意其反意问句的构成形式： 当must表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如：She must have seen the film before，hasn’t she?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didn’t you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
初中阶段常用动词与介词搭配的短语 l．动词+about speak／talkabout谈论thinkabout思考careabout关心，对……有兴趣bringabout引起，使发生setabout着手，开始comeabout发生hearabout听说worryabout为……担心 hang out 闲逛 throw about乱扔 know\learn about了解 look around 环顾，四周看ask about 询问 complain about 抱怨2．动词+away throwaway扔掉blowaway吹走carryaway拿走，使入迷clearaway清除掉，消散dieaway逐渐消失,减弱passaway去世washaway冲走takeaway拿走，使消失putaway收拾起来，存起来giveaway捐赠、分发wearaway磨掉，消耗breakaway摆脱 run away 逃走 go away 走开3．动词 +backcome\beback回来、记起lookback(on)回顾holdback控制住giveback归还callback回takeback拿回，收回4．动词+for gofor努力获取askfor要求得到waitfor等候standfor代表，表示longfor渴望hope/wishfor希望得到carefor关心，喜欢payfor支付、偿还searchfor查找lookfor寻找callfor需要，要求providefor 提供 change…for用……换charge…for收费，要价applyfor申请take…for误以为……是sendfor派人去请comefor来拿，来取5．动
复合不定代词精讲及考点解析 复合不定代词的构成： 复合不定代词是由some, any, no, every加-body,-thing,-one构成，列表如下： Somebody 某人 Someone 某人 Something 某物，某事 Anybody 任何人 Anyone 任何人 Anything 任何事物 Nobody 没有人 No one 没有人 Nothing 没有东西 Everybody 每人 Everyone 每人 Everything 一切 一：复合不定代词和部分否定 部分否定是考试中的热门考点，常表达的结构有两种： 1：not+全部肯定词 2：助动词+not+全部肯定词。其意都为“并非都，不都” 1．I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______. A. everything B: anything C. something D. nothing 2．----The exam was difficult, wasn’t it? ----No, but I don’t think ______ could pass it. A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D everybody 二：复合不定代词的定语位置 复合不定代词被定语修饰的时候，定语必须放在不定代词后面。特别是当修饰的定语比较复杂的情况下要认真分析，弄清词序间的修饰关系。
1．There is _____________ with your car. A. nothing seriously wrong B. seriously wrong nothing C. nothing wrong seriously D. wrong seriously nothing 2．He asked me if there was _____________ to read. A. easy enough something B. enough easy something C. something easy enough D. something enough easy 三：复合不定代词与谓语的一致问题 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Nothing except for a few books was left for him by his father. 四．复合不定代词的用法区别 1．大家都知道，带some的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句；而带any的复合不定代词常用在否定句，但是，带some 的复合不定代词也可以用在表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求，建议，询问的疑问句中。 如：Would you like ______ to eat? A. something B anything C. everything D nothing 2. 带any的复合不定代词用在肯定句中带有“任何人，任何事”的意思。 Anyone who breaks the law will be thrown into prison. As a teacher, I would do anything for my students. 特别要注意的是带any的复合不盯代词不能再用否定式。如： Anything could not be seen in that dark room. (F) 要表达否定意思，只可以用对应的全部否定的词代替。如： Nothing could be seen in that dark room. 3. 指人的复合不定代词合写与分开写，其意思和用法不同，以any为例。 anyone 仅指人任何人，某人，不和of连用 any one 即指人，也指物，任何一个的意思可以于of连用 Anyone can do the job.
初中英语情态动词专项练习题 情态动词:can could may might will would must have to need had better should 情态动词特点 1.情态动词没有人称和数的变化. 2.情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 考点一：can，could, may，must 等情态动词的用法： 1. can 的用法： （1）.表示能力,译为“能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力。 She can swim fa st, but I can’t . 她能游得很快，但我不能。 I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。 （2）.表示许可，常在口语中。 You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。 （3）.表示推测，条件: 常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。 Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗？ —Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？ —No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。【例题】—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. —No. She __be there, I have just been there. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t 【解析】根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知，应为“ 不可能”，can’t表示推测[答案] A 2. could的用法： （1）.can的过去式，意为“ 能、会”，表示过去的能力。 He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。 （2）. could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could 没有过去式的意思。 Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗？ —Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答,用could提问,必须用can来回答） 3. may的用法： （1）.表示请求、许可，比can 正式 May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？ You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。 【例题】—_______ I borrow your MP3? —Sure . Here you are. tA. May B.Should C.Must D. Would 【解析】在此处表示请求，意为“ 做……可以吗”。答案：A
一. 只接不定式（不能接动名词）作宾语的25个常用动词 1. want to do sth. 想要做某事 I want to buy a new computer this afternoon. 2. would like to do sth.想要做某事 I would like to invite you to come to my birthday party this Saturday. 3. wish to do sth. 希望做某事 I wish to live on the moon one day. 4. help to do sth. 帮助做某事 I often help to do some chores at home. 5. hope to do sth. 希望做某事 I hope to have a good rest this weekend. 6. learn to do sth. 学会做某事 He finally learned to play the piano with the help of the teacher. 7. manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 They managed to escape the fire yesterday. 8. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 Never offer to teach fish to swim. 9. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 He plans to travel around the world. 10. afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事（时间或金钱方面） We can’t afford to go abroad this summer. 11. agree to do sth. 做某事 He agreed to do it at once. 12. arrange to do sth.安排做某事 I arrange to wash clothes tomorrow morning. 13. ask to do sth. 要求做某事 The boy asks to go to school by bike. 14. beg to do sth. 恳求做某事 He begged not to be put into prison.
不定代词用法详解 不定代词，不明确指代某个特定的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名次和形容词，表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分，在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 英语中的不定代词常常成对出现，如some 和any, all 和both, neither 和either, each 和every, other 和another, much 和many, one 和no, none和no one, few 和 a few，little 和a little，等等。另外，还有由some, any, every, no 与body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词(somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing)。 1. some 和any some 和any都可修饰或指代可数名词和不可数名词；some 一般用于肯定句，any一般用于疑问句和否定句。如： I must get some fruit in the market. 我得在市场上买点水果。 Do you have any books for children? 你有适合小孩子看的书吗? 【说明】(1) 当表示请求或要求并希望对方能给出肯定的回答时，some 也可用于疑问句；any 表示“任何的”之意时，也可用于肯定句。 Can you give me some paper? 你能给我些纸吗？ Why not send that girl some flowers? 为什么不送给那位女孩几束花呢？ You can read any of the books. 你可以看这些书中的任何一本。 (2) some 和any均不能跟冠词连用。 2. all 和both (1) all表示全部，表示三者或三者以上的人或物；both指代两个人或事物，表示两者都。 Copper and silver are both metals. 铜和银都是金属。 Both sides are keen to reach an agreement. 双方都很想达成协议。 She and her husband both like dancing. 她和丈夫都喜欢跳舞。 There are trees on both sides of the street. 街道两旁都有树。 Not all women like the word Ms. 并非所有的女性都喜欢Ms这个词。
初中英语情态动词用法归纳 话题：动词情态教育学习 情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。考点一：can，may，must 等情态动词在陈述句中的用法：1. can的用法：（1）.表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may和must均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I can’t .她能游得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。（2）.表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary.你可以用我的字典。（3）.表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t译为“不可能”。如：Can the news be true?这个消息会是真的吗？—Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。【例题】—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.—No. She __be there, I have just been there. A.can’t
B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t【解析】根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知，应为“不可能”，can’t表示推测[答案] A2. could 的用法：（1）.can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10.他十岁时就会写诗。（2）. could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?你能帮我个忙吗？—Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗?—Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）3. may的用法：（1）.表示请求、许可，比can正式，如：May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行车吗？You may go home now.现在你可以回家了。【例题】—_______ I borrow your MP3?—Sure . Here you are.A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would【解析】在此处表示请求，意为“做……可以吗”。答案：A(2) .表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨。She may be at home.她可能在家呢.(3) .may的过去式为might，表示推测时。可能性低于may。如：He is away from school. He might be sick.他离开学校了，可能是他生病了。(4) .表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V例如：May you have a good time.祝你过得愉快。May you be happy!祝你幸福！May you succeed！祝你成功！4. must的用法：(1).must表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。如：You must stay here until I come back.
初中英语情态动词用法归纳 情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 考点一：can，may，must 等情态动词在陈述句中的用法： 1. can 的用法： (1).表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may和must均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but lean 她能游.得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes我用眼睛看。 (2).表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。 (3).表示推测，意为可能”常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can'译为不可能”女口：Can the news be true?这个消息会是真的吗？一Can it be our teacher那个人有可能是我们老师吗？一No, it can' t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the GreatlW不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。 【例题】一I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go ther—No. She __be there, I have just been there. A.can ' t B.mustn ' t C.needn ' t D.wouldn 't 【解析】根据下文我刚去过那儿”可知，应为不可能” can'表示推测［答案］A 2. could 的用法： (1).can的过去式，意为能、会”表示过去的能力。女口：He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。 (2). could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?你能帮我个忙吗？一Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗？一Yes, you can可以。(注意回答) 3. may 的用法： (1) .表示请求、许可，比can正式，如：May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行车吗？You may go home now现在你可以回家了。 【例题】一______ I borrow your MP3?- Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would 【解析】在此处表示请求，意为做……可以吗”答案：A (2) .表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow .
初中英语常见动词短语归纳A)动词+ 介词 agree with同意......的意见(想法);符合 base on以......(为)根据 listen to听...... get to到达...... fall off (从......)掉下 help ... with ...帮助(某人)做(某事) knock at /on敲(门、窗) laugh at嘲笑 learn ... from ...向......学习 live on继续存在;靠......生活
look after照顾,照看 look at看;观看 look for寻找 look like看起来像 pay for (sth.)付钱;支付 point at指示;指向 point to指向...... prefer to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢 quarrel with (和某人)吵架 regard ... as ...把......当作......;当作 stop ... from阻止......做...... talk about说话;谈话;谈论
talk with与......交谈 think about考虑 think of认为;想起 B)动词+ 副词 ask for请求;询问 carry on坚持下去;继续下去 cut down砍倒 clean up清除;收拾干净 come down下来;落 come along来;随同 come in进来 come on来吧;跟着来;赶快
come out出来;出现;(花)开;发(芽) come over过来;顺便来访 drop off放下(某物);下车 eat up吃光;吃完 fall behind落在......后面;输给别人 fall down跌倒;从......落下 find out查出(真相) get back回来;取回 get down下来;落下;把......取下来 get off下来;从......下来 get on上(车) get up起床