Some General Facts
Names of the Country
The Commonwealth of Australia
Down Under
The Lucky Country
The Sunburned Country
Oz
The Land of Wonder
The Land of Plenty
The Land of the Long Weekend
Origins of the Country’s Nickname
Excerpt from “Down Under”
On a hippie trail, head full of zombie
I met a strange lady, she made me nervous
She took me in and gave me breakfast
and she said,"Do you come from a land down under? Where women glow and men plunder?
Can't you hear, can't you hear the thunder?
You better run, you better take cover."
Christian Shephard：
Australia is called "Down Under" because it's as close as you can get to Hell without getting burned.
Origins of the Country’s Nickname
Making of the Country
Six States
◆New South Wales (Sydney)
◆Queensland (Brisbane)
◆South Australia (Adelaide)
◆Western Australia (Perth)
◆Victoria (Melbourne)
◆Tasmania (Hobart)
Two Territories
◆Australian Capital Territory
◆Northern Territory (Darwin)
Political Figures of the Country
Head of state: Sovereign（最高统治者）Queen Elizabeth II
Governor-General: Michael Jeffery
Head of government: Prime Minister Kevin Michael Rudd
National Anthem of the Country Advance Australia Fair Australians all let us rejoice,
For we are young and free;
We’ve golden soil and wealth for toil; Our home is girt（围绕）by sea; Our land abounds in nature’s gifts
Of beauty rich and rare;
In history’s page, let every stage Advance Australia Fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing, Advance Australia Fair.
Beneath our radiant Southern Cross We’ll toil with hearts and hands;
To make this Commonwealth of ours Renowned of all the lands;
For those who’ve come across the seas We’ve boundless plains to share; With courage let us al l combine
To Advance Australia Fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing, Advance Australia Fair.
National Color of the Country Yellow & Green
National Flora（植物）of the Country
Golden Wattle（向日葵）
National Flag of the Country
The Coat of Arms of Australia
New South Wales - Golden Lion & St George's Cross
Victoria - Southern Cross & Imperial Crown
Queensland - Maltese Cross & Imprerial Crown
South Australia - White-Backed Magpie
Western Australia - Black Swan
Tasmania（塔斯马尼亚岛）- Red Lion
Coins and Bank Notes
National Holidays of the Country
Australia Day
Anzac Day – 25 April or, if that day falls Sunday, the following Monday May Day – the first Monday in May
Q ueen’s Birthday – the second Monday in June
Picnic Day – the first Monday in August
Other Facts and Figures
Population: 20,351,000
Capital: Canberra; 373,000
Area: 7,692,024 square kilometers (2,969,906 square miles) Language: English, native languages
Religion: Protestant, Roman Catholic
Currency（货币）: Australian dollar
Life Expectancy（期望）: 80
GDP per Capita（人数）: U.S. $26,900
Literacy（读写能力）Percentage: 100
Ethnic（人种的）groups:
1. White 92%
2. Asian 7%
3. Aboriginal & others 1%
Religions:
Roman Catholic（天主教）26%, Anglican 21%
Christian 21%, Buddhist 2%
Islam 2%, others 1%
History of the Continent
200 million years ago
–Australia was attached to Pangaea（大陆）.
Between 200 and 65 million years ago
–Pangaea separated to form Gondwanaland and Laurasia.
50 million years ago
–Gondwanaland broke up into southern continents with Antarctica and Australia attached.
40 million years ago
–Australia broke away from Antarctica.
Geological Regions of the Country
Eastern Highlands
◆The Great Dividing Range
◆The Coastal Plain
Central Lowlands
◆Lake Eyre
Western Plateau
◆Large Deserts
◆Ancient Rocks
The Dividing Range
◆Stretching along the eastern coast
◆Containing the highest mountain of Australia –
Mt. Kosciuszko/Kosiusko (2,228 m)
◆Bordered by sandy（游牧的）beaches and rocky cliffs Lake Eyre
◆Largest lake in the country (9,600 sq km)
◆Lowest point in the continent (12 m)
◆A salt water lake in the arid（干旱的）interior History of the Country
The First Immigrants
Aborigines – Nomadic Hunters and Gatherers
◆Coming from Asia 50,000 years ago
◆Reaching Tasmania 35,000 years ago
Hunting and Obtaining Food with Tools and Weapons
◆Core（挖掘）Tools; Grinding（磨的）Stones; Boomerang Aboriginal Society
◆Nomadic and kinship band
◆Laws and beliefs upheld（支持）by song, dance and art
◆Without formal system of government
◆Oral tradition and The Dreaming (Dreamtime)
How to get a flake from a core
Grinding Stone
Hatchets Made from Ground-Stone
Aborigines with Boomerang
Aboriginal and Modern Boomerangs
The Dutch Discovery
Willem Janszoon – a Dutch Navigator（航海家）
◆The first recorded European sighting of the
Australian mainland (1606)
◆The first recorded European landfall on the
Australian continent
The Chart of Western and Northern Coast-lines of Australia
Abel Tasman – a Dutch Explorer
◆The success of sailing into the waters of southern Australia (1642) ◆The discovery of the island Tasmania
17th century map of Tasmania, showing the parts discovered by Tasman.
The Colonization of Australia
In 1768 British Captain James Cook set off to find Australia in the Endeavour .
In 1770 King George III claimed possession of the east coast, named New South Wales.
On 26 Jan. 1788 the First Fleet arrived in Sydney Cove with 736 convicts. Tasmania became a separate colony in 1825.
South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, and Queensland in 1859.
South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia were founded as "free province".
The Northern Territory（领土）was founded in 1911.
The Indigenous（本土的）Australian population declined steeply due to infectious disease.
The “Stolen Generations” may have contributed to the decline.
The “History Wars”
The 1850s Gold Rush
Gold was found in New South Wales and Victoria in 1851.
By the 1880s, Australia was a prosperous（繁荣的）country.
The final decade of the 19th century was a period of depression.
Federal Beginnings
The federation of six colonies formed the Australian nation on 1 January 1901.
The “White Australia” Policy was legislate d（立法）by the new parliament.
◆A dictation（命令）test in a European language
Three major political groups and two major parties.
◆The Protectionists, the Free Traders and the Labor Party
Three major political groups Two major parties.
◆The Protectionists
◆The Free Traders
◆The Labor Party
Two major parties.
◆The Labor Party
◆The Liberal Party
World War I
In 1914, Australia entered WWI to defend Britain.
◆With 64 percent of the 331,781 troops killed or wounded
◆Anzac Day commemorates the landing of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps at Gallipoli in Turkey on the 25th April 1915. Between the Wars
During the 1920s, Australia entered a period of major development.
◆Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Service Ltd. was formed in 1920.
◆Building of the Sydney Harbour Bridge began in 1923.
◆The population reached 6 million in 1925.
In 1929 Australia went into economic decline.
◆Wool and wheat prices fell dramatically.
◆By 1931, a third of the country was unemployed.
Prices began to increase again by 1933 and manufacturing revived.
From 1934 to 1937 the economy improved and unemployment fell.
World War II
Australians again fought in defence of freedom and the “mother land.”
In 1942 Darwin, Broome and Townsville were bombed by the Japanese, and two Japanese midget（小型的）submarines entered Sydney Harbour.
A major shift in Australian foreign policy away from Britain and towards the USA occurred.
In 1951, Australia signed its first defense treaty with a foreign country: the ANZUS treaty.
Nearly one million of Australia’s seven million population went to fight.
◆34,000 killed and 180,000 wounded
Postwar Immigration
The postwar immigration programme welcomed not only British immigrants but also Europeans.
In 1956, the status of “permanent resident” allowed non-Europeans to claim citizenship（国籍，公民权）.
The Menzies Era（时代）
From 1949 until 1966, Prime Minister Robert Menzies “reigned”, winning 8 consecutive（连续的）elections.
Menzies gave Australians conservatism（保守主义）and stability（坚定）. He involved Australians in three more wars, in Korea (1950), Malaya（马来亚）(1955) and Vietnam (1965).
Social Unres（动荡）t and Changes
Opposition to conscriptio（征兵）n and the Vietnam War increased in the late 1960s and led to major demonstrations in the capital cities.
There was concern for Aboriginal land rights and free education.
In 1972, the Labor Party was elected on a platform of social reform.
In 1974, an immigration policy without any racial（种族的）discrimination
（歧视）was adopted.
Return to Conservatism
Governments were more concerned with economic rather than social agendas .
Australia emulated most of the Western world with an economic boom（繁荣）in the 1980s, followed by recession（衰退）in the 1990s.
By 1986, all legislative（立法机构）ties with Great Britain were broken. The year 2000 saw Sydney host the Summer Olympic Games.
Politics of the Country
Features of Government
A constitutional（宪法的）monarchy（君主政体）
◆The King or Queen of Britain as the King or Queen of Australia.
◆The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, coming into effect in 1901, consists of 8 chapters.
A federation（联邦）
◆ 6 colonies and 2 territories federated to form the Commonwealth of Australia.
A parliamentary democracy
◆The Parliament of the Commonwealth consists of the King or Queen and 2 houses
◆The Senate (the Upper House) consists of 76 Senators, 12 from each of the 6 states and 2 from each of the territories.
◆The House of Representatives (the Lower House) has 150 members.
A parliamentary democracy
◆The Senators are elected by a system of propor-tional representation for a term of 6 years.
◆Members of the Lower House are elected by a system of preferential voting for terms of up to 3 years.
◆ 3 important electoral systems in Australia –the simple majority system, the preferential represen-tation system and the proportional （比例）representation system.
The simple majority system
It is a straightforward（明确的）form of voting, by which the option with a simple majority of votes wins.
The preferential（优先的）representation system
Under such a system voters rank candidates in order of preference.
The proportional representation system
Under such a system, the percentage of votes that groups of candidates obtain will determine the percentage of seats they receive.
Systems of Government
3 levels – a three-tier system
◆The federal government at the national level
◆Governments at the state and territory level
◆Locale governments at the city, town, municipal（市政的）and shire （郡）level.
3 branches – the separation of powers
◆The legislature（立法机关）– the Parliament（议会）
◆The executive（执行委员会）– the Governor-General / the Federal Executive Council
◆The judiciary – the High Court and other federal courts
Political Parties
3 major political parties
◆The Labor Party
◆The Liberal Party
◆The National Party
A 2-party system
◆The Labor Party
◆The Coalition（结合，联合）of Liberal Party and National Party November 2007, Kevin Rudd from the Labor Party became the 26th Prime Minister of Australia.
Economy of the Country
Having one of the most outstanding（杰出的）economies of the world; With a high-growth, low-inflation, low interest rate;
With a flexible labor market and a competitive business sector（部门）; Abundant physical resources leading to a high standard of living.
Having made a large investment in social infra-structure ;
With mining and farming as major industries;
◆coal, copper, gold and iron ore（矿石）
◆sugarcane, grapes and wheat
◆sheep and cattle
Tourism as one of Australia’s largest and fastest-growing industries. Environment
Much of Australia's flora and fauna(动物群，动物区系) is unique and diverse（多种多样的）.
◆About 85% of flowering plants, 84% of mammals, more than 45% of birds, and 89% of in-shore, temperate-zone fish are endemic.
◆Australia has the greatest number of reptiles（爬行动物）of any country, with 755 species.
Australian forests often contain a wide variety of eucalyptus（桉树）trees and are mostly located in higher rainfall regions.
Among well-known Australian fauna are the monotremes（单孔目动物）(the platypus（鸭嘴兽）and the echidna（针鼹鼠）); a host（群集）of marsupials（有袋动物）; the saltwater and fresh-water crocodiles（鳄鱼）; and birds such as the emu（鸸鹋）and the kookaburra（笑翠鸟）. Environmental concerns over climate changes, enthreatened species, and water restrictions.
《英语国家概况》课程习题集西南科技大学成人、网络教育学院版权所有 习题 【说明】：本课程《英语国家概况》（编号为12010）共有单选题,名词解释题,简答题,填空题2等多种试题类型，其中，本习题集中有[简答题]等试题类型未进入。 一、单选题 1. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from________ A. France B. Denmark C. Ireland D. Germany 2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC? A. Emperor Claudius B. Julius Caesar C. King Alfred D. King Ethelred 3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral? A. Christopher Marlowe B. T. S. Eliot C. Ben Johnson D. Thomas Becket 4.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son, ______, the regime began immediately to collapse. A. Henry B. Hamilton C. Richard D. Charles 5. The 18th century saw selective breeding of cattle, sheep and houses by _________. A. Jethro Tull B. Thomas Coke C. George III D. Robert Bakewell 6. Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal? A. all hereditary peers and peeresses of the England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (but not peers of Ireland) B. lire peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties C. senior bishops of the Church of England D. all other life peers 7. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years’ War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, ________. A. the War of the Celts
Comparison of the Politics in Britain and United States Abstract: The system that British established in 19 century has a profound effect not only on its own country’s society developments of politics and history but also on other counties’ modern institution, politics and history. British is the mother of world capitalist constitutionalism. As a powerful capitalistic country, US’system is also based on the British’s system and set a prefect system after some reforms. Even so, the systems of the two countries still have many differences. Both of the two countries have powerful political systems in the world. Keywords: constitution, party systems, electoral system 1. Introduction: (political institution is superstructure, generally refers to the state power organs and the basic system which adapted with the social nature. "Political system, as same as the various systems of the human society, is the product of history development, branding with time and space.”) After the English bourgeois revolution, democratic politics was gradually established. The constitution was promulgated and constitutionalism was gradually be taken. Capitalism got a considerable development in Britain. Britain built the first set of the capitalist system, which is known as the source and model of Western political system. British and US political systems have the same theoretical basis: the principle of "separation of powers” and the theory of “human rights”; the concrete content includes the parliamentary system, the electoral system, the judicial system, and the political party system, etc; these are all considered to be the elements of "people's democracy", Regimes implemented the principles of separation of powers and check and balance and the "rule of law". And most fundamentally,as two typical representatives of capitalist countries’ political systems, Britain and USA have the same nature in the maintenance of bourgeois interests and the private capitalist system, the implementation of other aspects of bourgeois dictatorship. But in the specific political system level, they present different characteristics, the paper only compare British and American political system from three aspects of the Constitution, the party system, the electoral system. 2. Comparison of constitutions Britain is typical of countries with unwritten constitution, there is no unified, complete written form, and its constitutional system is extremely complex which is constituted by a variety of written and unwritten customary law, jurisprudence and constitutional practices constituted. British constitution can not be listed by one or several pieces of documents, nor strict distinct by the time, it lacks rigorous and explicit content, consistent and complete system。 The United States Constitution is the first written constitution in the world. In the course of its development, the United States Constitution formed the four main principles: the separation of powers and checks and balances, federalism, limited the powers of the government and judicial review. The US Constitution carried thorough the separation of powers which provide the separation of the legislative, judicial and administrative. Congress, the Federal Court and the President perform their respective duties, and the division of labor between federal, state and local governments is also very clear. Federal Court is an important weight in the separation of powers and checks and balances in the United States, in addition to the administrative function and legislative function, the most important function is the supervisory function and judicial function. Judges enjoy constitutional status and was appointed guardian to uphold the Constitution; the
第三十章澳大利亚经济 Chapter 30 The Economy Ⅰ.工业 Manufacturing Industry 澳大利亚的制造业以制砖开始。86%的制造业为小企业。 Manufacturing in Australia began with the making of bricks. It is estimated that 86% of all manufacturing firms are small businesses. 在世界的总格局中，澳大利亚的制造业是独特的。它的特点包括下面几点: In a world context Australian manufacturing is unique. Its features include the following: 1)效率低Inefficiency 澳大利亚的市场有限，它在地理上与外界的隔绝以及很高的关税壁垒是影响澳大利亚工业效率的几个因素。 Australia's limited local market, its geographical isolation and high levels of tariff protection are the factors that affect the efficiency of Australian manufacturing. 效率最低并且最受保护的工业是汽车、纺织、服装和制鞋工业。 The industries that are most inefficient and most highly protected are automobile, textiles, clothing and footwear industries. 2)高度集中Concentration 在过去20年里，大的联合企业在澳大利亚经济中一直起中心作用。 Over the last 20 years large conglomerates have been given a central role in the Australian economy. 整个钢铁工业由一个公司控制，这就是布洛肯·希尔专卖有限公司。 The entire steel industry is in the hands of one company, the Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited (BHP). 3)外国投资Foreign investment 澳大利亚的制造业在很大程度上依靠外国投资。外资公司比他们的澳大利亚同行获利多。 Australian manufacturing relies heavily on foreign investment. Companies that are foreign-owned tend to be more profitable than their Australian counterparts. Ⅱ.农业 Agriculture 200年前，澳大利亚是一个没有农业的大陆。今天，农业却是这个国家的最大的和最多样化的行业。澳大利亚是世界上粮食和天然纤维的主要生产国之一。 200 years ago Australia was a land without agriculture. Today, agriculture is the nation's largest and most diverse industry. Australia is one of the world's leading
澳大利亚矿产资源分布概况 一、几个定义 二、矿产资源 1、铝矾土（Bauxite） 2、黑煤（Black Coal） 3、褐煤（Brown Coal） 4、铜（Copper） 5、钻石（Diamond） 6、金（Gold） 7、铁矿石（Iron Ore） 8、锂（Lithium） 9、菱镁矿（Magnesite） 10、锰矿（Manganese Ore） 11、矿沙（Mineral Sands） 12、镍（Nickle） 13、磷矿石（Phosphate） 14、页岩油（Shale Oil） 15、钽（Tantalum） 16、铀（Uranium） 17、钒（Vanadium） 18、铅、银、锌（Lead, Silver, Zinc） 澳大利亚矿产资源是澳大利亚财富极其重要的组成部分。澳大利亚开采的矿产资源大部分出口。2002－03财年，矿产品出口占澳大利亚年出口总额（包括服务出口）的37％，约549亿澳元，占澳大利亚国生产总值（DGP）的8％。 为了更好地了解澳大利亚矿产资源，我们把澳大利亚近年来已探明的矿产品资源逐一列出，以方便查阅。同时，我们尽最大努力给出了各矿产资源分布的地理位置，也尽最大努力给出各主要生产企业，方便有兴趣的单位联系。 一、几个定义 1、证明有经济意义的资源（economic demonstrated resources） 指测定（鉴定）资源时，市场存在，资源提取（开采）后，按市场的价格销售有利可图；同时，提取（开采）资源的技术可行或可以获得。 2、证明有次（亚）经济意义的资源（subeconomic demonstrated resources） 指资源虽然存在，但条件达不到“有经济意义”的标准。从经济因素方面看，在资源提取（开采）时，市场不稳定，无利可图；从技术因素方面看，提取（开采）技术不成熟，或投资与技术的成本过高。
英语国家概况-Land and people I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island：England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations)is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置： Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊 Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).
Chapter 1 land and people are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain,England,the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth The British Isles,Greant Britina and England are geographical names, no the official names of the country,while the official name is the United Kingdom,but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britian. the geographical position of Britian Britain is an island country. It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of is separated from the rest of Europe by the English channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands. Britain have a favourable climate why Yes,it has a favourable climate, because it has a maritime type of climate---winters are mild,not too cold and summers are cool, not too has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole has a small range of temperature,too. are the factors which influence the climate in Britain Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest
The Sports Culture of the United Kingdom ---An Introduction to the UK 姓名：谢宏桥 学号：2012213047 班级：七班 分数： 2013 年 12 月20 日 When it comes to the United Kingdom, People will always think of the British gentlemen with traditional hat and cane. In fact, sports are as traditional as gentlemen in Britain. The United Kingdom, a traditional and strong country not only in the area of industry and comprehensive national strength, but also in the area of sports, has a long history for playing sports. A lot of major sports originated in the UK, including association football, golf, tennis, boxing, rugby league, rugby union, cricket, field hockey, snooker, billiards, squash, curling and badminton, all of which are popular in Britain. Even the table tennis and baseball, the Chinese and American national sports, originated from Britain. Now British sports not only affect the social context at home, but also have a great impact outside home. We even can regard the sports as a reflection of British culture. Let’s know about Britain from its sports culture. 1. Various important sports originating in the UK 1.1 Association football. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a very important sport originated in his traditional home—England in the 19th century. The laws of the game were originally codified in England by the Football
英语国家概况课程标准 课程代码： 适用专业：商务英语 一、课程概述 1．课程性质 语言是文化的载体，文化是语言的基础。英语语言学习和英国国家文化相互依存、密不可分。一个优秀的英语语言学习者，若不了解该语言背后所承载的民族文化，其交际能力也会受到限制。该课程能使学生了解和掌握英美两国政治，历史，经济，社会，文化和教育等基本知识，了解英美国家社会发展、现状和影响这两个国家社会发展的因素，拓展学生的知识面，培养学生文化意识，启发学生了解西方社会，了解交际规则，增强学生的英语语言学习能力，为后续专业课程的学习打下一定的基础，进而为培养高技能应用型复合人才打下基础。 2．课程设计思路 本课程在设计上围绕合作学习法—任务型教学法、比较教学法、线索梳理法、启发式等教学法。 合作学习法—任务型教学法 合作学习法又称协作学习，是以合作学习小组为基本形式，系统利用教学中动态因素之间的互动，促进学生的学习，以团体成绩作为评价标准，共同完成教学活动。任务型教学法是一种以任务或活动为核心单位计划组织语言教学的途径,一种强调“在做中学”的语言教学方法。合作学习法与任务型教学法结合是指教师设计学习任务，指导并帮助学生以小组为单位通过合作、协商完成学习任务的教学过程。主要采用组织演示、演讲、讨论等形式。 2）比较教学法 比较教学法是在教学过程中，利用教学内容的相互联系和区别，促进学生掌握和巩固教学内容、达到教学目标的一种逻辑思维方法。例如，在学习美国的政体时，我们可以和英国政体、甚至是我国的政体进行比较，异中求同，同中求异。从而对“Parliament”、“Congress”和我国的NPC （The National People’s Congress）形成更深刻的理解。运用这种教学法不仅有利于学生掌握基本知识与技能，而且有利于提高学生的创造性思维能力。3）线索梳理法 线索梳理法，尤其是历史年代轴线表示法是表达历史线索最清晰的一种方式，这种方式的特点是易于梳理，可操作性强，非常直接，便于记忆。比如说，英国历史很长，如果不进行梳理，很难记忆，如果整理成一条线索，效果却不能同日而语： Early settlers——Roman invasions——Anglo-Saxons——the Viking and Danish Invasions——the Norman Conquest——William’s Rule——the Great Charter——the Hundred Year’s War——the English Reformation——the English Renaissance——the Civil War——the Glorious Revolution——the Industrial Revolution——the two World Wars 同样，美国历史部分可整理成这样一条线索： The war of Independence——the War of 1812——territorial expansion and Westward Movement——the Civil War——the two World Wars——the Cold War——the Berlin Blockade——the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s——the Vietnam War 二、课程培养目标 1．知识目标 了解主要英语国家的地理，历史，经济和政治等方面的概况；了解主要英语国家的文化传统，风俗习惯和社会生活的其他有关情况。 2．技能目标 扩大知识面，有效弥补英语专业学生知识面窄的不足；提高英语阅读的能力和语言应用能力。 3．素质目标
1．第1题 Which of the following is NOT a feature of the House of Lords? do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings. consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal. lords are expected to represent the interests of the public. of the lords in the House of Lords are males. 您的答案：C 题目分数： 此题得分： 2．第2题 The largest religion in the US is ___. 您的答案：B 题目分数： 此题得分：
3．第3题 Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristics of Britain? differences between north and south of social systems between Scotland and Wales differencs between a white-collar worker and a blue-collar worker. differences between immigrants and the British 您的答案：B 题目分数： 此题得分： 4．第4题 Which of the following agreement is accepted by both Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland? Anglo-Irish Agreement Belfast Agreement Good Friday Agreement Multi-Party Agreement 您的答案：C 题目分数： 此题得分： 5．第5题 Which of the following statements is NOT correct? When the Constitution was written, ___.
湖南涉外经济学院外国语学院2013-2014《英语国家概况》期末小论文班级_英本1202班___ 姓名__黄爱灵__评分____________ American Higher Education American education system in the United States is the world's cause of education of the most developed countries in the world. American education system as early as the founding of beginning to take shape when, after 200 years of development and gradually perfect, Formation of the primary, secondary and tertiary institutions High education in the United States began with the founding of Harvard College in 1636. In the past more than 300 years, it has developed into a large enterprise with a very complex system. The higher education comprises four categories of institutions: a) the university; b) the four-year undergraduate institution----the college; c) the technical training institution; and d) the two-year community college. In America, the education system has the differentGraduate Degrees years, Bachelor’s Degree have 4 years; Master’s Degree have 1-2 years; Doctor’s Degree, ph.D (doctor of philosophy), have at least 3 years. So what are the differences between the “college” and the “university” in America? The term “college”refers to an undergraduate institution that confers the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science after four years of study or an associate degree after two years study. While a university is generally a group of colleges, each serving a special purpose: college of business, college of arts and humanities, college of education, etc. The system of higher education in the United States has three functions: teaching, research and public service. Each college or university has its own emphasis with regard to its functions. The majority of the higher educationinstitutions are located in states that have a large population. The American higher education institutions offer a wide variety of subjects, from the finearts to practical and career-oriented fields such as engineering and marketing. The United States has a variety of higher education institutions, from large comprehensive universities to small traditional liberal arts colleges. Distinctions among these institutionsare in size, level, educational quality, residential atmosphere and the time it takes to complete a degree.At the undergraduate level, students’personal preferences as to size, academic quality and location play a key role in their choice of college or university. At the graduate level, more attention is paid to the reputation of the faculty and department. However,all this effort in America’s higher education is very expensive. Some of the costs come from fees and benefactions, particularly towards research, but most have to be paid from public funds. Parents favor big expenditures on higher education; a wider public opinionfavors them for idealistic and cultural reasons, and because of the supposed value of education as an investment by society.The first universities were developed by private charitable organizations. The private universities are still very important, and most of the best-known institutions, like Harvard, Yale and Princeton, are private. Most of the principal state universities have between 10, 000 and 30, 000 students,
Unit1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 1.The flag of Britain : Union Jack （英国国旗中没有显示出Welsh旗） 2. The basic information of each country: Count ry Capital Area Memo Englan d London 最大 1.最不会把自己的 “英格兰文化区 别于其他文化” 2.一个高度城市化
3.The time joining the British parliament: However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union. 4.Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England: British Isles: the island of Great Britain the island of Ireland
surrounding isles ●UK=Great Britain + Northern Ireland ●Great Britain =England +Scotland + Wales 5.The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain : At first, England was occupied by Celtic people. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire. Result: England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years. the Angle-Saxon invaded. Result: The land they lived became" Angle-land", later changed into England, the language they spoken became English. PS：One of the best-known English legends derives from this time. In 5 century AD, King Author(亚瑟王) united the British, and with his magical sword, Excalibur（被称为“王者之剑”的圣剑）,