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The Raven中英文赏析

The Raven中英文赏析
The Raven中英文赏析

哥特式文学首先盛行于18,19世纪的西方世界,旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。许多学者认为,“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作,而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件”(Tzvetan 25-26)。但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中,在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”(刘守兰:55)。作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱,埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究,而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。

一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论

爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。追根究底,这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛,与中年的丧妻之痛。而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋,引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。众多作家在描写恐怖情节时,常对外部环境进行大力渲染,而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡,尤其是美丽尤物的死亡,将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题(Poe:133-140)”。他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则,并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格,本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。

二、意象塑造

1、人与物的塑造

《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象:年轻男子与乌鸦。悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子,他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛,但一切都是徒劳,他越看书,越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀;而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜,飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。此外,诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。其一为黑色,“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”(朱立元:489-490)。诗中所连续采用的黑色背景,可使读者感到压抑,从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。

诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。除该词的原意外,它还具有象征意义。在乌鸦出场时,悲伤的男子问它叫什么名字,乌鸦的回答就是“永远不再”,但当主人翁向乌鸦询问是否有良药以消除他心中对蕾诺的思念时,当他想知道是否能与蕾诺在遥远的天堂再次相会时,以及最后要求乌鸦离开小屋时,乌鸦都是通过“永远不再”作答,也正是这个词,使得男子陷入永恒的悲痛深渊。

2、场景设置

读者可在开篇看到一幅夜半三更的凄厉画卷:

阴森的气氛,令人毛骨悚然的场景,神秘而忧郁的男子,不祥的乌鸦……在阴郁而寒冷的午夜,除寒风的呼啸声与男子翻动书页的声音,周围的一切均可谓万籁俱寂,屋外的世界在夜的面纱笼罩之下,而屋内的狭小空间在昏暗的光线下显得忽明忽暗,突然一阵短暂的敲门声在他房门上叩响,但当他打开房门查看时,却不见敲门人,只有无情的黑夜与肆虐的狂风。然而,当他回到屋内,之前的敲门声却再次响起,乌鸦在这时飞入他的房间,并栖息于他房门之上。

但为何选择午夜作为故事发生的时间?午夜意味着恐怖与神秘,各种幽灵与魔鬼总在此时出没。这种令人发怵的氛围,为乌鸦的出场奠定了基调。诗人将故事设置在一所幽僻而狭小的屋子里也是别有一番用心。首先,狭小而封闭的空间对构建孤僻而隔世的哥特式恐怖气氛有着绝对的帮辅作用。第二,小屋正是两位情侣的爱巢,这个屋子依旧如此,然而曾经的欢笑却随着女主人的香消玉殒而一去不

返。男子守着物是人非的屋子,睹物思人,是何等的悲伤。如此设置场景会在读者心中引起共鸣,使读者对男子的同情之心油然而生。

《乌鸦》,作为一首以抑扬格八音部构建下完成的叙事体诗歌,读起来朗朗上口,具有极强的音感。全诗在爱伦坡极具个性的语言风格营造中,描绘出一个非现实环境下的超自然氛围。它讲述的是一个关于男主人翁痛失所爱的故事。一个会说人类语言的乌鸦,来到一个刚刚失去心上致爱的男子身边。男子正竭尽全力使自己走出这情感的阴霾,但乌鸦的到来却更加加重了男子的无限伤感。任凭男子一再地反复询问,乌鸦的回复冷酷而让人绝望:永不复焉。

爱伦·坡自认此诗写得十分有逻辑与条理。他的目的是创作一首能皆在评论与大众两

使得爱伦·坡终身受到欢迎,尽管这并没有为他带来巨大的财富。此诗不久后便再版、

之一。

January 1845, the poem is often noted for its musicality, stylized language,

distraught lover, tracing the man's slow descent into madness. The lover, often

repetition of the word "Nevermore". The poem makes use of a number

Poe claimed to have written the poem very logically and methodically, intending to create

a poem that would appeal to both critical and popular tastes, as he explained in his

29, 1845. Its publication made Poe widely popular in his lifetime, although it did not

opinion is divided as to the poem's status, but it nevertheless remains one of the most

Synopsis

"The Raven" follows an unnamed narrator on a night in December who sits reading "forgotten

louder, is heard at his window. When he goes to investigate, a raven steps into his chamber.

Amused by the raven's comically serious disposition, the man demands that the bird tell

the raven can talk, though at this point it has said nothing further. The narrator remarks to himself that his "friend" the raven will soon fly out of his life, just as "other

Even so, the narrator pulls his chair directly in front of the raven, determined to learn more about it. He thinks for a moment, not saying anything, but his mind wanders back to his lost Lenore. He thinks the air grows denser and feels the presence of angels. Confused by the association of the angels with the bird, the narrator becomes angry, calling the raven a "thing of evil" and a "prophet". As he yells at the raven it only

Lenore in Heaven. When the raven responds with its typical "Nevermore", he shrieks and

the bust of Pallas. The narrator's final admission is that his soul is trapped beneath

Analysis

"Nevermore" is the raven's "only stock and store", and, yet, he continues to ask it questions, knowing what the answer will be. His questions, then, are purposely

the raven actually knows what it is saying or if it really intends to cause a reaction

and Roman poetic form consisting of the lament of an excluded, locked-out lover at the

Allusions

The raven perches on a bust ofPallas Athena, a symbol of wisdom meant to imply the narrator is a scholar. Illustration by édouard Manet for Stéphane Mallarmé's translation,Le Corbeau(1875).

in the poem, it is mentioned in "The Philosophy of Composition". It is also suggested by the narrator reading books of "lore" as well as by the bust of Pallas Athena, goddess

in December, a month which is traditionally associated with the forces of darkness. The

by the narrator's belief that the raven is "from the Night's Plutonian shore", or a

Poe chose a raven as the central symbol in the story because he wanted a "non-reasoning" creature capable of speech. He decided on a raven, which he considered "equally capable

the fifth chapter of Dickens's novel, Grip makes a noise and someone says, "What was that– him tapping at the door?" The response is, "'Tis someone knocking softly at the

the popping of a champagne cork, but Poe emphasized the bird's more dramatic qualities. Poe had written a review of Barnaby Rudge for Graham's Magazine saying, among other

the verse, "Here comes Poe with his raven, like Barnaby Rudge/ Three-fifths of him genius

Poe may also have been drawing upon various references to ravens

beginning to dissipate, but it does not immediately return with the news. It is punished by being turned black and being forced to feed

unfaithfulness. The raven's role as a messenger in Poe's poem may draw from those

Poetic structure

syllables and x representing unstressed):

Syllabic structure of a verse[6]

Edgar Allan Poe, however, claimed the poem was a combination

the 'B' lines rhyme with the word 'nevermore' and are catalectic, placing extra emphasis

structure and meter is so formulaic that it is artificial, though its mesmeric quality

the highest– we can conceive of nothing more august. Her sense of Art is pure in

Geraldine's Courtship", he said, "I have never read a poem combining so much of the

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何时可掇? 忧从中来,不可断绝。越陌度阡,枉用相存。契阔谈讌,心念旧恩。 月明星稀,乌鹊南飞。绕树三匝,何枝可依?山不厌高,海不厌深。周公吐哺,天下归心。 第五课龟虽寿 神龟虽寿,犹有竟时。螣蛇乘雾,终为土灰。老骥伏枥,志在千里。 烈士暮年,壮心不已。盈缩之期,不但在天;养怡之福,可得永年。幸甚至哉,歌以咏志。 第六课饮酒 结庐在人境,而无车马喧。问君何能尔?心远地自偏。采菊东篱下,悠然见南山。 山气日夕佳,飞鸟相与还。此中有真意,欲辨已忘言。 第七课易水送别 此地别燕丹,壮士发冲冠。昔时人已没,今日水犹寒。 第八课早寒有怀 木落雁南度,北风江上寒。我家襄水曲,遥隔楚云端。 乡泪客中尽,孤帆天际看。迷津欲有问,平海夕漫漫。

第九课从军行七首·其四 青海长云暗雪山,孤城遥望玉门关。 黄沙百战穿金甲,不破楼兰终不还。 第十课池上 小娃撑小艇,偷采白莲回。不解藏踪迹,浮萍一道开。 第十一课问刘十九 绿蚁新醅酒,红泥小火炉。晚来天欲雪,能饮一杯无? 第十二课终南别业 中岁颇好道,晚家南山陲。兴来每独往,胜事空自知。行到水穷处,坐看云起时。偶然值林叟,谈笑无还期。 第十三课送友人 青山横北郭,白水绕东城。此地一为别,孤蓬万里征。浮云游子意,落日故人情。挥手自兹去,萧萧班马鸣。 第十四课送灵澈上人 苍苍竹林寺,杳杳钟声晚。荷笠带斜阳,青山独归远。 第十五课八阵图 功盖三分国,名成八阵图。江流石不转,遗恨失吞吴。

汉英翻译70句分析解析

1)这种力,是一般人看不见的生命力,只要生命存在,这种力就要显现。 It is an invisible force of life. So long as there is life, the force will show itself. 2)凭窗站了一会,微微的觉得凉意侵入。转过身来,忽然眼花缭乱,屋子里的别的东 西,都隐在光云里;…… Standing at the window for a while, I felt a bit chilly. As I turned round, my eyes suddenly dazzled before the bright light and could not see things distinctly. Everything in the room was blurred by a haze of light. 3)这架收音机该有多大的重量啊!它载着解放区人民的心,载着全中国人民的希望, 载着我们国家的命运。 What a heavy load this aerorplane bore! It carried the hearts of the people of the liberated areas,the hopes of the entire Chinese people,and the destiny of our country. 4)看着信,林震不禁独自笑起来了,他拿起笔把“中于”改成“终于”,准备在回信 时告诉他们下次要避免别字。 Reading the letter, Lin couldn’t help smiling to himself. He changed “rite” to “right” thinking that he should tell them to be more careful with their spelling next time they wrote. 5)人无千日好,花无百日红。 Man cannot be always fortunate;flowers don’t last forever. 6)除了我这间房,大院里还有二十多间房呢。一共住着多少家子,谁说得清?住两间 房的就不多,又搭上今儿个搬来,明儿个又搬走。我没那么好的记性。大家见面,招呼声“吃了吗?”透着和气。 Besides the room I occupy, there are more than twenty rooms in the same compound. How many families are living there?Only Gold knows. Few of them occupy two rooms. Besides, they are always on the go. Some move in today and others move out tomorrow. I haven’t got such a good memory as to remember all of them. When people meet, they pass the time of the day with each other, just to show their neighbor feelings.

The Raven中英文赏析

哥特式文学首先盛行于18,19世纪的西方世界,旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。许多学者认为,“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作,而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tz vetan 25-26)。但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中,在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”(刘守兰:55)。作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱,埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究,而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。 一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论 爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。追根究底,这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛,与中年的丧妻之痛。而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋,引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。众多作家在描写恐怖情节时,常对外部环境进行大力渲染,而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡,尤其是美丽尤物的死亡,将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题(Poe:133-140)”。他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则,并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格,本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。 二、意象塑造 1、人与物的塑造 《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象:年轻男子与乌鸦。悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子,他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛,但一切都是徒劳,他越看书,越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀;而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜,飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。此外,诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。其一为黑色,“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”(朱立元:489-490)。诗中所连续采用的黑色背景,可使读者感到压抑,从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。 诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。除该词的原意外,它还具有象征意义。在乌鸦出场时,悲伤的男子问它叫什么名字,乌鸦的回答就是“永远不再”,但当主人翁向乌鸦询问是否有良药以消除他心中对蕾诺的思念时,当他想知道是否能与蕾诺在遥远的天堂再次相会时,以及最后要求乌鸦离开小屋时,乌鸦都是通过“永远不再”作答,也正是这个词,使得男子陷入永恒的悲痛深渊。 2、场景设置 读者可在开篇看到一幅夜半三更的凄厉画卷: 阴森的气氛,令人毛骨悚然的场景,神秘而忧郁的男子,不祥的乌鸦……在阴郁而寒冷的午夜,除寒风的呼啸声与男子翻动书页的声音,周围的一切均可谓万籁俱寂,屋外的世界在夜的面纱笼罩之下,而屋内的狭小空间在昏暗的光线下显得忽明忽暗,突然一阵短暂的敲门声在他房门上叩响,但当他打开房门查看时,却不见敲门人,只有无情的黑夜与肆虐的狂风。然而,当他回到屋内,之前的敲门声却再次响起,乌鸦在这时飞入他的房间,并栖息于他房门之上。 但为何选择午夜作为故事发生的时间?午夜意味着恐怖与神秘,各种幽灵与魔鬼总在此时出没。这种令人发怵的氛围,为乌鸦的出场奠定了基调。诗人将故事设置在一所幽僻而狭小的屋子里也是别有一番用心。首先,狭小而封闭的空间对构建孤僻而隔世的哥特式恐怖气氛有着绝对的帮辅作用。第二,小屋正是两位情侣的爱巢,这个屋子依旧如此,然而曾经的欢笑却随着女主人的香消玉殒而一去不

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