第二部分专题一第4讲
【真题达标组】
A
(2019全国卷Ⅱ，C)
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e－book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Am ericans, she's not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore,74 percent，according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.
Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first－name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “It's a chance for self－reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，”said Laurie Demerit, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
()1.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A．Food variety.
B．Eating habits.
C．Table manners.
D．Restaurant service.
()2.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A．To meet with her coworkers.
B．To catch up with her work.
C．To have some time on her own.
D．To collect data for her report.
()3.What do we know about Mazoleny?
A．He makes videos for the bar.
B．He's fond of the food at the bar.
C．He interviews customers at the bar.
D．He's familiar with the barkeeper.
()4.What is the text mainly about?
A．The trend of having meals alone.
B．The importance of self－reflection.
C．The stress from working overtime.
D．The advantage of wireless technology.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，列举了越来越多人喜欢单独吃饭的现象，并解释了原因。
1．B细节理解题。文章第二段主要是一篇关于各种饮食习惯的比例分析报告，故选B。
2．C推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Today，I just wanted some time to myself…”可知出去吃午餐是为了有点儿自己的时间，故选C。
3．D细节理解题。根据文章第四段“He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper…”可知他与酒吧老板相熟，故选D。
4．A主旨大意题。本文主要反映了现在越来越多的人习惯于独自用餐，形成一种趋势，故选A。
B
(2018，北京卷，A)
My First Marathon(马拉松)
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P．E.class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didn't do either well.He later informed me that I was “not athletic”．The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years.When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line.I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied.So I stopped to readjust.Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS！”
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m.or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished! And I got a medal.In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”．
()5.A month before the marathon, the author ________.
A．was well trained
B．felt scared
C．made up his mind to run
D．lost hope
()6.Why did the author mention the P．E.class in his 7th year?
A．To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B．To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C．To show he was not talented in sports.
D．To share a precious memory.
()7.How was the author's first marathon?
A．He made it.
B．He quit halfway.
C．He got the first prize.
D．He walked to the end.
()8.What does the story mainly tell us?
A．A man owes his success to his family support.
B．A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C．Failure is the mother of success.
D．One is never too old to learn.
【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励志故事。
5．C细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Yet, I was determined to go ahead.”可知，马拉松赛前一个月尽管作者脚踝受伤使得训练时间缩短，但作者仍下定决心参赛。故选C。
6．C细节理解题。根据文章第二段“I didn't do either well.He later informed me that I was ‘not athletic’．”可知，作者提到7年级的事情是为了证明自己真的没有运动天赋。故选C。
7．A细节理解题。根据文章第10段“I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished! And I got a medal.In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.”
可知，作者坚持到了最后，而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一名，由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松。故选A。
8．B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段“Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ‘marathon winner’．”可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。故选B。
C
(2018，天津卷，C)
There's a new frontier in 3D printing that's beginning to come into focus: food.Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale.And the industry isn't stopping there.
Food production
With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake.Not everybody can do that —it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy.A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re－create forms and pieces”of food that are “exactly the same，” freeing cooks to complete other tasks.In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D－printed，rather than farm to table.
Sustainability(可持续性)
The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels.Sustainability is becoming a necessity.3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution.Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料).3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions.Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.
Nutrition
Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier.Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins.So instead of eating a piece of yesterday's bread from the supermarket, you'd eat something baked just for you on demand.”
Challenges
Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome.Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time－consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways.On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high－end restaurants.
()9.What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?
A．It helps cooks to create new dishes.
B．It saves time and effort in cooking.
C．It improves the cooking conditions.
D．It contributes to restaurant decorations.
()10.What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraph 3?
A．It solves food shortages easily.
B．It quickens the transportation of food.
C．It needs no space for the storage of food.
D．It uses renewable materials as sources of food.
()11.According to Paragraph 4, 3D－printed food ________.
A．is more available to consumers
B．can meet individual nutritional needs
C．is more tasty than food in supermarkets
D．can keep all the nutrition in raw materials
()12.What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?
A．The printing process is complicated.
B．3D food printers are too expensive.
C．Food materials have to be dry.
D．Some experts doubt 3D food printing.
()13.What could be the best title of the passage?
A．3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology
B．A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing
C．The Challenges for 3D Food Production
D．3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table
【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普类短文。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得的进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。
9．B推理判断题。根据文章Food production中叙述了没有经验的人可以用3D打印机做出复杂的巧克力雕塑和美丽的婚礼蛋糕，以及餐厅能够用3D打印出所有的菜肴和甜点，从而可以推断出：3D打印的优势是节省了做饭的时间和精力。故选B。
10．D细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients (烹饪原料)．”可知，3D打印机可以使用可再生材料作为食物来源。故选D。
11．B推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Food printing could allow consumers to print food
with customized nutritional content, like vitamins(食品打印可以让消费者打印定制营养的食物)．”从而可以推断出，3D打印出来的食物可以满足个人营养需求。故选B。
12．C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.”可知，阻止3D打印食物进一步广泛使用的原因是原料必须是干的，含水多的肉和牛奶不能应用于3D打印因为很容易坏。故选C。
13．A主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。所以用标题3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology，故选A。
【模拟提能组】
A
(2020届湖北名师联盟6月份内部特供卷)
Fortune cookies, commonly served after meals at Chinese restaurants in the U．S., are characterized by a fortune, which is written on a small piece of paper tucked inside the cookie. There are several competing stories about the origin of the fortune cookie. None of them, however, has been proven to be entirely true.
One of these stories traces(追溯) the cookie's origin back to 13th－and 14th－century China, which was then occupied by the Mongols. According to the legend(传说), notes of secret plans for a revolution to overthrow the Mongols were hidden in mooncakes that would ordinarily have been filled with sweet bean paste. The revolution turned out to be successful and eventually led to the formation of the Ming Dynasty. This story may sound highly credible, but there seems to be no solid evidence that it inspired the creation of the treats we know of today as fortune cookies.
Another account claims that David Jung, a Chinese immigrant living in Los Angeles, created the fortune cookie in 1918.Concerned about the poor people he saw wandering near his shop, he made cookies and passed them out free on the streets. Each cookie contained a strip of paper inside with an inspirational quotation on it.
However, the more generally accepted story is that the fortune cookie first turned up in either 1907 or 1914 in San Francisco, created by a Japanese immigrant, Makoto Hagiwara. The fortune cookie was based on a Japanese snack, but Hagiwara sweetened the recipe to appeal to American tastes. He put thank－you notes in the cookies and served them to his guests with tea. Within a few years, Chinese restaurant owners in San Francisco had copied the recipe and replaced the thank－you notes with fortune notes. Such fortune cookies became common in Chinese restaurants in the U．S. after World War Ⅱ.
()1.What did the second and third legends have in common?
A．The fortune cookies were made to help the poor.
B．The fortune cookies were made by immigrants.
C．The fortune cookies were totally Chinese.
D．The fortune cookies became popular World War Ⅱ.
()2.Which word can replace the underlined word “overthrow” in Paragraph 2?
A．defeat B．help
C．evolve D．expand
()3.Which of the following statements about the first legend is NOT true?
A．Mongols dominated from 1300 to 1400 in China.
B．The revolution witnessed the arrival of the Ming Dynasty.
C．It seems that no specific evidence can be found to prove the legend.
D．It is one of the half false stories about the fortune cookie.
()4.What is the main idea about article?
A．The fortune cookie is gaining more and more popularity after World War Ⅱ.
B．There are various stories about the fortune cookie after it appeared.
C．Some interesting legends about the origin of the fortune cookie.
D．The stories between the fortune cookie and the human beings.
【语篇解读】本文介绍了在美国中式餐馆里福饼的几个传说。
1．B细节理解题。由第三段中的内容可知，第二个关于福饼的传说是David Jung发明的，他是“a Chinese immigrant living in Los Angeles”；根据第四段可知，第三个传说是一个日本移民Makoto Hagiwara发明的，故选B项。
2．A词义猜测题。根据第二段的大意，及文中的关键信息“occupied by the Mongols”“notes of secret plans for a revolution”“The revolution turned out to be successful and eventually led to the formation of the Ming Dynasty.”可推断，overthrow的意思是“推翻；打倒”，与defeat接近。
3．A细节理解题。根据第二段中的第一句“One of these stories traces(追溯) the cookie's origin back to 13th－and 14th－century China.”可知，蒙古人统治中原的时候应该是1200 to 1400，故A项符合题意。
4．C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了三个关于福饼来源的传说，因此应该选C 项。
B
(2019年苏锡常镇一调)
Exposing living tissue to subfreezing temperatures for long can cause permanent damage.Microscopic ice crystals(结晶体) cut cells and seize moisture(潮气)，making donor organs unsuitable for transplantation.Thus，organs can be made cold for only a few hours ahead of a procedure.But a set of lasting new antifreeze compounds(化合物)－similar to those found in
particularly hardy(耐寒的) animals－could lengthen organs' shelf life.
Scientists at the University of Warwick in England were inspired by proteins in some species of Arctic fish，wood frogs and other organisms that prevent blood from freezing，allowing them to flourish in extreme cold.Previous research had shown these natural antifreeze molecules(分子) could preserve rat hearts at－1.3 degrees Celsius for up to 24 hours.But these proteins are expensive to extract(提取) and highly poisonous to some species.“For a long time everyone assumed you had to make synthetic(人造的) alternatives that looked exactly like antifreeze proteins to solve this problem，” says Matthew Gibson，a chemist at Warwick who coauthored the new research.“But we found that you can design new molecules that function like antifreeze proteins but do not necessarily look like them.”
Most natural antifreeze molecules have a mixture of regions that either attract or repel water.Scientists do not know exactly how this process prevents ice crystal formation，but Gibson thinks it might throw water molecules into push－pull chaos that prevents them from turning into ice.To copy this mechanism，he and his colleagues synthesized spiral－shaped molecules that were mostly water－repellent－but had iron atoms at their centers that made them hydrophilic，or water －loving.The resulting compounds were surprisingly effective at stopping ice crystals from forming.Some were also harmless to the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans(线虫)，indicating they might be safe for other animals.
“These compounds are really cool because they are not proteins－they are other types of molecules that nonetheless can do at least part of what natural antifreeze proteins do，” says Clara do Amaral，a biologist at Mount St.Joseph University，who was not involved in the research.Gibson's antifreeze compounds will still need to be tested in humans，however，and may be only part of a solution.“We don't have the whole picture yet，”do Amaral adds.“It's not just one magical compound that helps freeze－tolerant organisms survive.It's a whole suite of adaptations.”
()5.What will happen if organs are kept for a long time in temperatures below zero?
A．They will have ice crystal formation inside.
B．They will not suffer permanent damage.
C．They will have longer shelf life.
D．They will be fit for transplantation.
()6.What can we learn about natural antifreeze proteins?
A．They look like Gibson's antifreeze compounds.
B．They are composed of antifreeze molecules harmless to other species.
C．They are spiral－shaped and have iron atoms at their centers.
D．They can be found in organisms living in freezing cold weather.
()7.How are antifreeze molecules prevented from ice crystals?
A．By creating compounds both water－repellent and water－loving.
B．By extracting the proteins from some hardy animals.
C．By making synthetic alternatives like antifreeze proteins.
D．By copying spiral－shaped molecules mostly water－resistant.
()8.What's the main idea of the passage?
A．Push－pull chaos might prevent water molecules from turning into ice.
B．The final solution to preserving donor organs has been found recently.
C．Chemicals inspired by Arctic animals could lengthen organs' shelf life.
D．Gibson's antifreeze compounds can do what natural antifreeze proteins do.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。科学家通过在北极的一些动物身上发现的一种天然防冻物质中获得灵感，成功研制出新型防冻化合物。
5．A推理判断题。根据第一段前两句“Exposing living tissue to subfreezing temperatures for long can cause permanent damage.Microscopic ice crystals(结晶体) cut cells and seize moisture(潮气)，making donor organs unsuitable for transplantation.”可知，长期保存在零摄氏度以下的器官内会形成冰晶体。
6．D推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“…proteins in some species of Arctic fish，wood frogs and other organisms that prevent blood from freezing，allowing them to flourish in extreme cold.”可知，这种天然的防冻蛋白可以在一些生活在严寒气候中的生物体中找到。
7．A推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Most natural antifreeze molecules have a mixture of regions that either attract or repel water.”可知，防冻分子通过形成既吸水又防水的化合物防止结晶体的形成。
8．C主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“But a set of lasting new antifreeze compounds(化合物)－similar to those found in particularly hardy(耐寒的) animals－could lengthen organs' shelf life.”可知，本文主要介绍了科学家受到耐寒动物的启发，研制出可延长器官保存期限的化合物。
C
(长春市普通高中2019年高三质量监测二)
Next time you go shopping, keep in mind that there may be hidden cameras analyzing your habits.According to a 2015 survey of 150 managers from Computer Services Corporation, a quarter of British shops use facial recognition software to collect data on shopper behavior.
With concerns that face－recognition cameras “are kind of invasive(冒犯的)”，British analysis firm Hoxton Analytics has come up with a new way of measuring footfall (客流)—by filming people's shoes.The technology can collect a large amount of personal information.“We have cameras at 50cm off the ground and they point down so they are less invasive than facial
recognition，” Duncan Mann, Hoxton's officer said.
As modern cities get fuller—70 percent of the population will live in urban areas by 2050—cameras and other technologies are taking over public spaces and collecting our data.Their purpose is to keep people safe, provide efficient services and prevent disasters and crimes.
But some are not happy with the cameras as far as their privacy(隐私) is concerned.“Very few of us have any real concept of what data smart cities are gathering，” said Renate Samson.
We begin giving away data as soon as we wake up.When we enter the transport system, we are giving away even more details about ourselves through smart cards, mobile phones or credit cards.
Nick Millman, director at a consulting firm thinks statistics are the key to the privacy concern.He used the example of Google Maps, which is to monitor the flow of traffic in Stockholm.He explained, “It is basically adding privacy controls to statistics so that you only see the data you need to know about.” In th is case, Google gets enough data to improve traffic but not so much that it shows individual journey patterns.
()9.What is the article mainly about?
A．An introduction to collecting shoppers' data.
B．The concerns about giving away personal data.
C．The problems caused by imbalanced distribution of population.
D．An invention recording and collecting customers' information.
()10.The new technology invented by Hoxton Analytics______.
A．can gather a lot of people's personal data from their shoes
B．uses cameras fitted on the ground to collect customers' data
C．has improved the accuracy of facial recognition software
D．offers a perfect solution to customers' privacy concerns
()11.According to the author, cameras in modern cities______.
A．cause a huge waste of public space
B．help reduce the size of population in urban areas
C．are likely to help improve traffic conditions
D．are to avoid crimes and disasters and provide efficient services
()12.What is Renate Samson's attitude toward the rise of smart cities?
A．Worried. B．Optimistic.
C．Confused. D．Uninterested.
【语篇解读】本文是关于泄露个人数据的问题。
9．B主旨大意题。根据第五段可知，本文是关于泄露个人数据的问题。故选B。
10．A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“British analysis firm Hoxton Analytics has come up with a new way of measuring footfall (客流)—by filming people's shoes.”可知，Hoxton Analytics 发明的新科技可以从他们的鞋上收集很多人的个人数据。故选A。
11．D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Their purpose is to keep people safe, provide efficient services and prevent disasters and crimes.”可知，现代城市中的摄像机是为了避免犯罪和灾害并提供有效的服务。故选D。
12．A意图态度题。根据第四段“But some are not happy with the cameras as far as their privacy (隐私) is concerned.‘Very few of us have any real concept of what data smart cities are gathering，’ said Renate Samson.”可知，Renate的态度是“担忧的”，故选A。
D
(安徽省皖南八校2019年高三第三次联考)
She sat at the picnic table alone.Recess (休息) was in full swing.She remained awkward around her classmates.She seemed unsure of what to do or say, yet I could see her eyes longing for acceptance.Many students had already decided that her friendship would not be worth the energy required to overcome the awkwardness.Others teased her.Most ignored her—except for one.
Brianna, the class clown, was making the other students laugh, as usual.“Brianna, do you see Molly down there? Would you mind walking down there and inviting her to come up here with the rest of us？”
Brianna sighed.I could tell she didn't want to sacrifice precious minutes of her own recess to do what I was asking of her, but I also knew her heart.She often thought of others before herself－a rare character for anyone, much less a kid.
Knowing this choice was hard for her, I pulled out a D－buck, our class currency.Though bribery (行贿) was not the ideal way to handle this situation, I needed her cooperation.
“Here, I'll pay you for your time.”
She offered an insincere smile, grasped the green paper, and headed down the hill.
As the rest of the children screamed and laughed, my eyes locked on Brianna as she neared the picnic table.Molly could be difficult, and I wouldn't have been surprised if she sent Brianna back alone, refusing her invitation.When she encouraged herself to a standing position, I sighed with relief.
A minute later, I felt a lap on my shoulder.“Here, Mrs.D.” She handed me the D－buck.
“Why？” I asked.
“I shouldn't keep this.” Her eyes fell to her feet, guilt radiating from her quiet voice.“I don't want Molly to think I only went to get her so I could earn a D－buck.She's my friend.”
A moment later, they were all laughing again, and who should I see among them, laughing for the first time that week? Molly.
()13.How was Molly in the author's eyes?
A．She often made fun of others.
B．She got on well with other kids.
C．She was eager to be accepted.
D．She refused to make friends with others.
()14.On what aspect was Brianna different from other kids?
A．Clown talent. B．Cooperation.
C．Honesty. D．Kindness.
()15.How was the author feeling when Brianna walked to Molly?
A．Worried. B．Regretful.
C．Grateful. D．Puzzled.
()16.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．A D－buck
B．A Strange Girl
C．Power of a Smile
D．How to Be a Great Teacher
【语篇解读】小女孩莫莉不知如何与其他的小朋友相处，别的小朋友觉得不值得去帮她，只有Brianna，一个常让别人取笑的小女孩，在作者的要求下去请莫莉和大家一起玩。为了鼓励她，作者拿出了D－巴克作为交换的条件，没想到在Brianna请来了莫莉后却把这个D－巴克还给了作者，因为她不想让好朋友莫莉误解自己是为了D－巴克才这样做的。
13．C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“She seemed unsure of what to do or say, yet I could see her eyes longing for acceptance.”可知，莫莉虽然不知要做什么要说什么，但可以看出她是渴望被别人接受。故选C项。
14．D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“She often thought of others before herself－a rare character for anyone, much less a kid.”可知，她经常先考虑别人，把别人放在自己的前面，对任何人来说都是难得的特点，更不用说是孩子了。可见她是一个善良的，考虑别人的孩子。故选D项。
15．A推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，去请莫莉对Brianna来说有点难，所以“我”拿出一个D－巴克来贿赂她，可知作者是有点担心焦急。因此选A。
16．A主旨大意题。本文讲述了一个叫Brianna的小朋友在老师的要求下去请小女孩莫莉和大家一起玩。为了鼓励她，作者拿出了一个D－巴克作为奖赏，没想到在Brianna请来了莫莉后却把这个D－巴克还给了作者，因为她不想让好朋友误解自己是为了D－巴克才这样做的。所以本文中的事件由这个D－巴克贯穿。故A项最为贴切。
阅读理解训练50篇（1） 1 Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell.But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger. For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hor- mones (荷尔蒙).They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etC．In general the person feels excited and ready to act. Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.” Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. 1．“Damaging emotion” means t hat _________. A．the emotion is harmless B．the emotion is harmful C．the feeling is very strong D．the feeling is hard 2．What statement is right? A．Were you angry, you would be cancered (得癌症). B．Once you are angry, you must be cancered. C．Angry as you are often, you can't be cancered, D．Anger may cause you a cancer. 3．Expressing anger violently _________ repressing it according to some scientists. A．is just the same as B．is more harmful than C．is no better than D．is much better than 4．According to the author, you'd better _________. A．never be angry B．cool it down before you express it C．laugh and laugh when you get angry D．admit you are wrong when you are angry 二
高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇 (名师传授解题技巧+实战练习，值得下载) 一、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力，即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来，阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：（1）掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；（2）既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；（4）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能根据文章进行推理和判断；（5）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求，试题中常采用如下几种题型：事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计，答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1．首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理，因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感，特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀，从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的，因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事，也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求，试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词，只要认真分析，仔细阅读，这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2．扫读全文，理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章，首先要快速扫读全文，虽为扫读，但不可漫不经心，阅读时也应聚精会神，力求可能多地获取材料信息，只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理，不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。
3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。 （2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 （3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。 （4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。
综合模拟预测卷(三) 第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．On which day will the man leave the hotel? A．Tuesday. B．Wednesday. C．Thursday. 2．What is the man doing now? A．Waiting for the bill. B．Having dinner. C．Ordering food. 3．How does the man like Mr. Brooklyn's speech? A．Easy. B．Inspiring. C．Confusing. 4．How will the woman get to the airport? A．By car. B．By taxi. C．By bus. 5．When will the man go to the teacher's office? A．At 12：00. B．At 12：30. C．At 13：00. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．Where does the conversation take place? A．In a restaurant. B．In a bookshop. C．On a plane. 7．Why would the man's wife like a seat by the window? A．Because she loves fresh air. B．Because it's the non-smoking area. C．Because she likes to see the night view. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．What does the man want to do? A．Buy a proper refrigerator in the supermarket. B．Ask someone to send the refrigerator to his home. C．Have the refrigerator repaired in the shop.
海淀区2015高考英语阅读理解训练（6）（答案） 【2015高考复习】阅读理解 “The U．S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)is considering to put stricter limits over tanning salons(晒黑廊)and wants to ban anyone younger than 18 years of age from using a tanning bed，”an advisory panel(专家团)announced last week. The panel is calling for tighter controls on the industry such as requiring teenagers to get the approval from their parents before using tanning beds or limiting the use of artificial tanning to a certain age.“Given the absence of any demonstra ted benefits，I think it is an obligation for us to ban artificial tanning for those under 18，”said panelist Dr.Michael Olding. Along with a possible ban for teenagers，the panel also recommended that visible warning labels should be placed either on the tanning machines or in the salons in order to caution tanners of the possible dangers.In addition，the committee decided that stricter regulations and classifications were critical to make the machines safe r.At this time the machines are categorized as FDA Class 1 devices，the ones that are least likely to cause harm.In case the FDA decided to change their classification from Class 1 to Class 2，as advised by the panel，the FDA could limit the levels of radiation the machines emit.Class 2 devices include X-ray m achines and powered wheelchairs. Getting a tan，whether from a tanning bed or the sun，increases the risk of developing skin https://www.doczj.com/doc/6610590379.html,st year，the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)decla red tanning beds as “carcin ogenic(致癌的)to humans”．It was discovered that young individuals in their teens and 20s who use tanning beds on a regular basis have a 75 per cent higher risk of suffering from melanoma(黑素瘤)，the deadliest form of skin cancer.According to the American Cancer Society，melanoma accounted for nearly 69,000 cases of skin cancer in 2009 and will account for most (about 8,650)of the 11,590 mortality cases due to skin cancer each year. 【语篇解读】随着人们审美观的变化，越来越多的人希望自己拥有健康的古铜色皮肤。于是日光浴和晒黑廊相应而生。晒黑真的能使人拥有健康的皮肤吗？专家告诉我们并非如此。针对这种情况，美国食品药物管理局又会做何行动呢？ 20．According to the passage，what measures will U．S.FDA most probably take? A．Banning tanning salons. B．Posing heavier tax over tanning salons.
高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time. （1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. （2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture. C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. （3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions.
（英语）高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school. There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball team—all of them starters. They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for the rest of this season. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness. While the school had been out for the New Year's holiday, the five girls had gone to the party with several of their friends. There was alcohol there. And they all drank some. Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make. When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared, rumors about the five girls began closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules. And the players—two junior students and three senior students—agreed. That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision. “We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. What we did was definitely not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in our community,” one of the senior students said, “And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five left the floor to deafening applause. The team may not win another game this year. But they've learnt something about personal responsibility, the effect of one's action on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life. （1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were ________. A. very good players on the team B. addicted to alcohol and drugs C. three junior students and two senior students D. scolded by their parents for drinking alcohol （2）What did the girls do to support their coach's decision? A. They didn't fight for Danville High School any more. B. They all gave speeches to apologize in the local press. C. They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium. D. They would never drink any alcohol throughout their life. （3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville? A. Indifferent. B. Strict. C. Stubborn. D. Cruel. （4）Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Growing up with pain B. A bad mistake C. Team rules are everything D. Basketball girls in high school 【答案】（1）A
北京四中高考英语综合模拟试卷 撰稿：李俊和编审：毕勤责编：隋瑜 第一卷（三部分，共115分） 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） （略） 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的正确答案，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 21. It is reported that the weather will _____ hot for another three or four days. A. look B. last C. stay D. get 22. At the center of the garden there stands a little board _____ “Keep off the grass.” A. on which writes B. it says C. on which is read D. which reads 23. —Why did you go to the wrong office, Peter? —Well, I forgot which room I was _____ to go to. A. hoped B. suggested C. demanded D. supposed 24. —What did she _____ so much money? —Nothing but a few CDs. A. pay for B. buy for C. spend for D. take in 25. My parents are considering moving because our neighbors aren’t what they _____. A. were used to B. were used to be C. used to D. used to be 26. —Do you know our school will be enlarged soon? —Of course. It will be _____ in size, as far as I know. A. very large B. three times as large C. the largest D. larger three times 27. I can’t remember _____ I met the man. A. where was it B. it was where C. where it was that B. where was it that 28. —Do you mind if I use the telephone? —_____. This telephone is not for public use. A. Sorry B. Of course not C. Never mind D. Yes, please 29. How to make wide use of natural energy is the problem still _____ discussion publicly in
高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案含解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Average humans can consume 15 or more drinks in plastic bottles a month. If you were born after 1978, and live until 80 years old, you will leave behind a minimum of 14,400 plastic bottles on this planet. These bottles take hundreds of years to break down into tiny pieces of plastic, never to completely disappear. Most of the waste is consumed by fish and birds, which has shortened their lifetime greatly. The Plastic Bottle Village is just a great idea that might finally save us from being buried in plastic. It's a community in Panama that is going to be made of used bottles. The design process begins with building steel frames, which are then filled with these bottles. Once this step is complete, and electrical and plumbing (管道装置) lines are put inside, the plastic walls are covered by concrete—both inside and outside. So no one will actually be able to tell that the walls are made of plastic. Besides, the material will keep the house 17°C cooler than the outside, which is the biggest benefit to people living inside. The village is the brainchild (主意) of Robert Bezeau with the intention of setting up several environmental projects. Having started a recycling program four years ago, during which a number of plastic bottles were collected, he started to think of how they could be put to use. Soon enough, he decided to use them to build houses, and came up with a basic idea for the construction process. The project hopes to make people conscious of the waste that these bottles create so that they can do more to protect the environment. The village will also create an education center that will teach individuals from the world how to reuse plastic bottles as construction materials for shelter. Recycled bottles could neutralize the negative effect of your passage on this planet, and move closer to leaving only your “footprints”. （1）What does Paragraph 1 intend to tell us? A. The reason for buying fewer drinks. B. The difficult situation of wildlife. C. The amount of plastic waste. D. The seriousness of plastic pollution. （2）What is the biggest benefit to people living in the Plastic Bottle Village? A. The house will be much cooler than normal ones. B. The material of construction will be reduced a lot. C. The newly-made house can save a lot of electricity. D. The waste of the house can be consumed by fish and birds. （3）Which of the following words can best describe Robert? A. Creative. B. Courageous. C. Enthusiastic. D. Sensitive.（4）The main purpose of Robert's projects is to A. provide shelter for locals B. reuse all deserted plastic bottles C. popularize the use of plastic bottles D. raise people's environmental awareness 【答案】（1）D （2）A
高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 I was born on the 17th of November 1828, in the village of Nam Ping, which is about four miles southwest of the Portuguese Colony (殖民地) of Macao, and is located on Pedro Island lying west of Macao, from which it is separated by a channel of half a mile wide. As early as 1834, an English lady, Mrs. Gutzlaff, wife of a missionary to China, came to Macao. Supported by the Ladies' Association in London for the promotion of female education in India and the East, she immediately took up the work of starting a girls' school for Chinese girls, which was soon followed by the opening of a boys' school. Mrs. Gutzlaff's comprador(买办) happened to come from my village and was actually my father's friend and neighbor. It was through him that my parents heard about Mrs. Gutzlaff's school and it was doubtlessly through his influence and means that my father got me admitted into the school. It has always been a mystery to me why my parents should put me into a foreign school, instead of a traditional Confucian school, where my big brother was placed. Most certainly such a step would have been more suitable for Chinese public opinion, taste, and the wants of the country, than to allow me to attend an English school. Moreover, a Chinese belief is the only avenue in China that leads to political promotion, influence, power and wealth. I can only guess that as foreign communication with China was just beginning to grow, my parents hoped that it might be worthwhile to put one of their sons to learning English. In this way he might become an interpreter and have a more advantageous position to enter the business and diplomatic world. I am wondering if that influenced my parents to put me into Mrs. Gutzlaff's School. As to what other sequences it has eventually brought about in my later life, they were entirely left in the hands of God. （1）How was the author admitted to Mrs. Gutzlaff's school? A. Through his father's friend's help. B. Through his own efforts to exams. C. Through his father's request. D. Through Mrs. Gutzlaff's influence. （2）Why did the author's parents put him into an English school？ A. An English school was more influential. B. Foreign trade with China was developing fast. C. It met with Chinese public opinion. D. He could become a successful interpreter. （3）What did the author think of his parents' decision to put him into an English school? A. It was skeptical. B. It was mysterious. C. It was thoughtful. D. It was wonderful.【答案】（1）A （2）D （3）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，小时候父亲送作者去英语学校而不是中文学校，并分析了具体原因。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Mrs. Gutzlaff's comprador(买办) happened to come from my village and was actually my father's friend and neighbor. It was through him that my parents heard about Mrs. Gutzlaff's school”可知，作者是通过父亲朋友的帮助进入到Mrs.