必修一unit4基础知识点训练题
一、单项填空
1.I have forgotten where I left the book.I must remember to dig it ________for you.
A． down B． into C．out D． for
2.Smoking can________one's health.
A． Damage B． injure C． hurt D． wound
3.Jane，________at the news of the earthquake，was at a loss for words.
A． Shock B． shocked C． shocking D． having shocked
4.It was a________night，the dam cracked and then burst under the weight of water.
A． Frighten B． frightened C． frightening D． frightens
5.Have you thought about________to give her as a present?
A． What B． who C． which D． where
6.The duty of the doctor is to heal the wounded and________the dying.
A． Saved B． rescue C． rescuing D． to rescue
7.—What's the matter?
—The shoes don't fit properly.They________my feet.
A． are hurt B． are injured C． are hurting D． are injuring
8.He________as if he has just come out of prison.
A． Seems B． looks C． happens D． appears
9.His film is sure to win the award because it________by most people.
A． thinks well of B． is thought well C． is well thought D． is well thought of
10.As he thought his son was________young________do the job，he decided to do it himself.
A． so；as to B． too；to C． not；to D． so；that
11.—Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?
—________.
A． I don't believe B． I don't believe it C． I believe not so D． I believe not
12.He was shocked________his son playing all day.
A． Knowing B． to know C． at know D． known
13.The boy seems________a lot of books，for he knows so much.
A． that he has read B． to read C． has read D． to have read
14.Every time________he thought of his past，he couldn't help bursting________.
A． when；out tears B． that；into crying C． which；into cry D． /；out crying
15.She is an excellent student in our class，and she always________herself in her studies.
A． Hides B． buries C． covers D． leaves
16.—We need an immediate reply.
—I see.I'll send the paper to you ________.
A． just now B． sooner or later C． right away D． for a while
17.The shop manager always says to her assistants，“We can never be ________ polite to our customers.”A． So B． more C． too D． that
18.The article discusses the ________ which led to the outbreak of the war.
A． Matter B． affairs C． events D． business
19.His friends ignored his advice，________ they knew it to be helpful.
A． as if B． since C． even if D． so that
20.He remembers everything of his childhood as if it ________ just now.
A． was happening B． happens C． happened D． has happened
21.—I have to go home now.Daddy and Mummy must be waiting for me.
—OK..
A． Take it easy B． Come on
C．You’re welcome D． See you
22.Three quarters of some children’s spare time wasted watching TV－that can explain why they are lazy.
A． Are B． is C． being D． /
23.—large number of trees have been stolen from the forest，haven’t they?
—Yes.number of them is 26,000.
A． The；The B． A；The C． A；A D． The；/
24.It everyone to hear all of the villagers behind the mountain were killed in the earthquake.
A． Suffered B． shocked C． persuaded D． destroyed
25.—Why did you throw your radio away?
—Water had got into it，and it was completely.
A． Ugly B． smelly C． useless D． fluent
26.is mentioned above，it won’t be long before you regret what you have done.
A． Which B． That C． As D． It
27.Everything returned to normal nothing had happened.
A． as if B． so that C． because D． for
28.Mary her great sadness when she learned that the earthquake left her hometown in ruins.
A． Expressed B． judged C． suggested D． told
29.from the number of the cars，he thought，there were still many people at the club.
A． To judge B． Judged C． Judging D． Having judged
30.—I have some b ig news for you.You’ve been accepted as a member of our club.
—That’s great!
A． Have I? B． Pardon? C． Congratulations! D． Good idea!
31.To all the workers of the hospital，it is a great________to be able to meet Premier Wen face to face. A． Honour B． favor C． praise D． pride
32.________his expression，he probably is in need of help now.
A． Generally speaking B． To tell you the truth
C． Judging from D． To be honest
33.Samuel survived when the car ________he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree. A． Where B． that C． as D． why
34.He is a ________man, he always says what he thinks.
A． Curious B． serious C． sincere D． upset
35.The result was not as good as expected but the________on his face told us that he was still very happy. A． Expression B． impression C． celebration D． appearance
36.—Have you finished your experiment report，Jane?
—Oh，my God.I've________forgotten all about that.
A． Strongly B． extremely C． entirely D． freely
37.________his parents expected，he was admitted into the big local company.
A． What B． As C． Which D． That
38.The little girl is________of walking through the forest.
A． Frightening B． frightened C． to frighten D． frighten
39.—Excuse me sir，where is Room 301?
—Just a minute.I'll have Bob________you to your room.
A． Show B． shows C． to show D． showing
40.I________you________what you have achieved.
A． celebrate；on B． congratulate；on C． congratulate；for D． celebrate；for
41.Soon after the mud-rock flow hit Zhouqu，Gansu Province，many soldiers came to the______as many people were trapped underground.
A． Shelter B． identity C． rescue D． disaster
42.It seems______the company Dubai World is unlikely to survive in this serious financial crisis.
A． like if B． because of C． as if D． for that
43.They found the remains of buildings________under the sand，together with a lot of treasures.
A． being buried B． buried C． to be burie D． burying
44.That car accident_______all his life.After that he was limited to a wheelchair.
A． Damaged B． destroyed C． harmed D． ruined
45.Lily had to call a taxi because the box was________to carry all the way home.
A． too much heavy B． too heavy much
C． much too heavy D． heavy too much
46.In19th-century Europe，_______number of women used to wear corsets to achieve a body shape. A． the；/ B． the；a C． /；a D． /；the
47.The number of people in the world______about 6 billion and large quantities of waste______each year.
A． totals；has been produced B． totals；is produced
C． totals；are produced D． total；are being produced
48.“________is not right” doesn’t mean “____________is right”.
A． Something；nothing B． Anything；nothing
C． Everything；nothing D． Nothing；something
49.Ian ____________old photo from the drawer yesterday，which reminded me of the days we spent together on the farm.
A． dug out B． dug into C． dug in D． dug down
50.Don’t play with electricity，or you may get an electric___________.
A． Strike B． beat C． shock D． knock
51.It will at least take five months to repair the ship that was seriously________by the hurricane （飓风）.
A． Hurt B． ruined C． damaged D． broken
52.________is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A． It B． As C． That D． Which
53.The more careful pedestrians are walking on the road，____________________.
A． there will be less accidents B． the less there will be accidents
C． the less accidents will there be D． the less accidents there will be
54.—Many people are suffering from the earthquake.
—I see.Food and clothes should be sent to them.
A． on purpose B． at present C． right away D． ever since
55.It was a________night，the dam cracked and then burst under the weight of water.
A． Frighten B． frightened C． frightening D． frightens
56.—_______large number of books have been stolen from the library，haven’t they?
—Yes.__________number of them is 26，000.
A． The；The B． A；The C． A；A D． The；/
57.It_________everyone to hear all of the villagers behind the mountain were killed in the earthquake.
A． Suffered B． shocked C． persuaded D． destroyed
58.Soon after the quake，one thousand soldiers were sent out to__________t he miners from the local coal mine.
A． Shelter B． rescue C． bury D． injure
59.Two days later，the fighting between the two countries left the area_____________.
A． in fear B． in silence C． in ruins D． in peace
60.—What’s the matter? It seems___________you’ve caught a cold.
—Oh，I’m just too tired.
A． as if B． ever since C． because D． when
二.单句语法填空
1．They stood there.Suddenly they burst out______________________(laugh)．
2．I must warn you that my patience is almost_______________an end.
3．Many valuable old buildings fell_____________ruin after the war.
4．Don’t do that again.You’ll do yourself an___________(injure)．
5．He slept on firewood to remind him of his______________(suffer) he had gone through.
6．The firefighters rescued her___________a burning building.
7．The woman trapped the old man______________buying her goods.
8.All of us were_____________(shock) at the news about the accident.
9.Most of the people all over the world were angry at the_____________(shock) violence.
10.I was shocked____________(hear) the news that he had been fired.
11.I was shocked__________he could be so careless.
12．There was a pleased ________(express)on her face.
13．She got very ________(frighten) when a plane flew over her head.
14．I ________(sincere) hope I can get your reply soon.
15．Let's get together to ________(congratulation) you on your passing the driving test. 16．He was run down by a ________(cycle) and was injured badly.
17．Smoking can do ________(damage) to your health.
三.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．The whole family were having lunch while someone knocked at the door.
2．The shock of this news is beyond expressions.
3. Judged by the look on her face，the news must be terrible.
4．It is clear that the terrible news really made them frightening.
5．This could cause serious damage for the country’s economy.
6．The middle-aged man stood there as if he was a statue.
7．The number of students who have seen the film are very big.
8. Burying in her novel，the girl didn’t notice that her mother had come back. 9．The hunter was trying to catch the rabbit trapping in the hole.
10．When he returned home，he found his house was in ruin.
答案解析
一．CABCA BCBDB DADDB CCCCC DBBBC
CACCA ACBCA CBBAB CCBDC BCCAC
CBDCC BBBCA
二。
1. laughing
2. at
3. into
4. injury
5. sufferings
6. from
7. into
8. shocked
9. shocking 10. to hear 11. that 12.expression13.frightened14.sincerely15.congratulate16.cyclist17.damage
三.【答案】
人教版高一英语必修一第四单元Earthquake重点词组及练习 1.burst into +n =burst out doing 突然·····起来burst into tears =burst out crying 2.as is known to everybody总所周知 3.be injured 受伤 4.cut across穿过横穿 5.as usual像往常一样 6.give out散发出精疲力竭 7.instead of 代替 8.give a speech演讲9.put up shelters搭建避难 10.be pleased to do sth.乐意做某事11.be proud of 以·····而自豪 12.the number of ·····的数量13.in the open air 在户外 14.right away立刻15.in ruins破败不堪成废墟 16.dig out掘出17.at an end 终结 18.a number of 许多大量的19.too····· to·····太·····而不能 20.tens of thousands of 成千上万的 21.be trapped in =be caught in 被困在·····中 22.all ····· not····· = not all·····并非所有·····都 23.to the north of =north of 在·····的北面24.be rescued from 被从·····解救出 25.be buried 被埋葬被埋藏26.bury oneself in =be buried in 专心于，埋头于 27.think little of 评价不高think highly of 赞许给予较高评价 28.as if 仿佛29. be/ get shocked 震惊30.at an end 终结 1、In the city, the water pipes in some buildings crashed and burst. 城市里，一些大楼里的水管爆裂。 burst爆裂,突发 用法归纳： I felt as if my heart would burst with joy. 我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。 The police burst through the door. 警察破门而入。 There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。 联想扩展： (1) burst in on…突然打断 He burst in on our conversation. 他突然打断了我们的谈话。 (2) burst into +n.突然… The speaker burst into angry speech. 演讲者突然讲粗话。 (3) burst out + doing突然… The woman burst out crying like a child. 那个妇女突然像小孩一样哭了。 2. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 地震中，有三分之二的人死亡或受伤。injury n. 伤害 易混辨析： injure ; hurt; wound; harm 伤害
欢迎使用，祝您学有所成。 第一单元 1）achieve 表示“完成，到达”。 区别achieve，reach，gain： achieve着重表示达到一定目的的过程中所需要的技能，耐性和努力。 reach指达到任何目标、目的或指达到发展过程中的某个阶段。 gain强调经过奋斗才达到所期望的目标、优势或者有利地位。 2）condition 表示“条件”，condition为单数时，表示人/物所处的“状态”。 conditions（复数）指一般情况，环境。 in good/poor condition状况好/不好。 out of condition状况不好。 on condition that在……条件下，假使。 on no condition决不。 3）connection 表示“连接，关系”。 connections亲戚。 in connection with与……有关。 4）behave 表示“举止，举动，行为表现”。 behave oneself表现良好，行为良好。 behave as起……作用，表现为……。 5）worthwhile 表示“值得做的，值得出力的”。 句型It is worhtwhile doing/to do sth“干……是值得的”。 6）observe 表示“观察，注意”，可接省略to的不定式的复合结构，当observe用被动语态时，其后的不定式应回复to。 observe后也可接由现在分词构成的复合结构。 后接that从句，表示“注意到，说”。 observe还可以表示“遵守，庆祝”。 7）respect 作动词，后直接跟宾语。 respect oneself自重，自尊。 作名词，表示“尊重，尊敬”。have/show respect for意为“对……尊重/尊敬”。 have respect to注意，考虑。 表示“敬意，问候”时，用复数形式，常与give，send，pay连用。 in respect of sth就某方面而言。 with respect to 涉及，关于。 8）argue 表示“争论，辩论”。
高中英语必修1知识点大全总结 Survey n. 纵览,视察,测量v. 审视,视察,通盘考虑,调查 1. We stood on the top of the mountain and surveyed the countryside. 我们站在山顶上，眺望乡村。 2. A quick survey of the street showed that no one was about. 扫视街道, 空无一人。 Add v. 增加 1. He added some wood to increase the fire. 他加了一些木柴，使火旺些。 2. If you add 4 to 5, you get 9. 四加五等于九。 3. Add up all the money I owe you. 把我应付你的钱都加在一起。 Upset a. 烦乱的,不高兴v. 颠覆,推翻,扰乱,使心烦意乱,使不舒服 1. I'm always upset when I don't get any mail. 我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。 2. He has an upset stomach. 他胃不舒服。 3. The news quite upset him. 这消息使他心烦意乱。 Ignore v. 不顾,不理,忽视 1. I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! 我向她打招呼, 可她根本不理我! 2. I can't ignore his rudeness any longer. 他粗暴无礼, 我再也不能不闻不问了。 Calm n. 平稳,风平浪静 a. 平静的,冷静的v. 平静下来,镇静 1. It was a beautiful morning, calm and serene. 那是一个宁静、明媚的早晨。 2. You should keep calm even in face of danger. 即使面临危险，你也应当保持镇静。 3. Have a brandy it'll help to calm you (down). 来点儿白兰地--能使你静下来。 calm down vt. 平静下来(镇定下来) 1. His rage was soon calmed down by the rustic peace. 乡村的宁静很快就使他的怒气平静下来。 2. I told myself to calm down. 我告诫自己要冷静下来。 have got to conj. 不得不(必须) 1. You may not like him, but you have got to admire his persistence. 你可以不喜欢他，但你不得不佩服他那种坚忍不拔的精神。 2. I couldn't have got to the meeting on time -- unless I had caught an earlier train. 我不可能及时赶到会场，除非我赶上了较找的一班火车。 Concern n. 关心,关系, 关切的事,忧虑v. 涉及,与...有关,影响;使关心 1. How much money I earn is none of your concern. 我挣多少钱与你无关。 2. These problems concern all of us. 这些问题影响到我们每一个人。 3. This restaurant is a family concern. 这家饭店是由一家人经营的。 be concerned about vt. 关心(挂念) 1. It is reassuring to be enquired after when you're ill. It shows your friends haven't stopped being concerned about you. 如果能询问一下你是何时生病的我们也就放心了。因为你的朋友一直在关心你。 2. The government's claim to be concerned about unemployment is sheer hypocrisy. 政府声称对失业表示关注纯属做做姿态。 Cheat n. 骗子,欺骗行为v. 欺骗,作弊 1. His father was cheated of his land. 他的父亲被人骗走了地产。 2. He never cheats to pass examination. 他考试从不作弊。 3. He was cheated (out) of his rightful inheritance. 他依法应得的遗产被人骗走了. Reason n. 理由,原因,理智,理性v. 说服,推论,下判断 1. She can reason very clearly. 她能很清晰地思考。 2. Copernicus reasoned that the earth revolved around the sun. 哥白尼论证了地球绕着太阳转。 3. We have reason to believe that he was murdered. 我们有理由相信他是被谋杀的。 list n. 目录,名单,明细表v. 列出,列于表上,记入名单内
Unit 1 1.what do you know about great scientists? 2.high expectations are the key to everything 远 大的理想是开启万物的钥匙 3.face the music 面对命运对你的不公平 4.be absorbed in全神贯注于, 专心致志于 be lost in thought想得出神沉思于… be engaged in 从事于…忙于 be concentrated on 集中注意力… 5.一…就… The moment…瞬间 instant 立刻 the minute second 片刻 6.make a suggestion give an advice make the investigation 7.look into 调查看浏览 8.slow down 减缓 9.relate to 有关涉及 10.two athe deaths 另外两个死者 11.link to 有关联系 12.die out 灭绝 die of 死于 die from死于 13.his career came to an end 他的事业结束了14.develop a severe illness 染上很严重的疾病 15.make a new career 创立新的事业 16.apart from 除了… 17.two more example =another two另外两个 18.make a face 做鬼脸 make one’s way to 转向向…出发，朝…走去 make up one’s mind下定决心 make friends make the bed make sure确定 make room for为..腾空间 19.lead to 领导 20.only 修饰主语不倒装 状语要倒装 If only 但愿要是 Only if只有.. 要到装 Eg.: only if you use this way ,can you … 21.make sense 有意义讲得通 in a sense 有点.. make sense of 搞清楚弄明白 in no sense 绝不；不可能 22. at times 时不时有时 At a time 每一次 From time to time 时而不时的 At one time 曾经一度 For the time being 暂时 Ahead of time 提前 All the time 一直 At all times总是随时 At any time 无论何时 At no time 决不 Out of time 不合时宜的 23.suspect sb of do sth怀疑某人做某事 24.look into 调查 25.look ahead 向前看展望未来 26.look around for 参观四处看看 27. look away from 把目光…从移开 28.look back (at) 回顾回忆 29.look out (for) 留心当心 30.look up to 尊敬钦佩 31.look though 检查浏览 32.go down 下降 33.slow down 慢下来放慢速度 33.knock down 击倒 34.tear down 拆毁拆除 Unit 2 1.keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛 2.consist of由…组成 3.leave out省去不考虑遗漏 4.divide into 分成 https://www.doczj.com/doc/6616488067.html,pare A with B 与…比
第四章细胞的物质输入和输出 第一节物质跨膜运输的实例 一、渗透作用 （1）渗透作用：指水分子（或其他溶剂分子）通过半透膜的扩散。 （2）发生渗透作用的条件： 一是具有半透膜，二是半透膜两侧具有浓度差。 二、细胞的吸水和失水（原理：渗透作用） 1、动物细胞的吸水和失水 外界溶液浓度<细胞质浓度时,细胞吸水膨胀 外界溶液浓度>细胞质浓度时,细胞失水皱缩 外界溶液浓度=细胞质浓度时,水分进出细胞处于动态平衡 2、植物细胞的吸水和失水 细胞内的液体环境主要指的是液泡里面的细胞液。 原生质层：细胞膜和液泡膜以及两层膜之间的细胞质 外界溶液浓度>细胞液浓度时,细胞质壁分离 外界溶液浓度<细胞液浓度时,细胞质壁分离复原 外界溶液浓度=细胞液浓度时就，水分进出细胞处于动态平衡 3、质壁分离产生的条件： （1）具有大液泡（2）具有细胞壁(3) 活细胞 4、质壁分离产生的原因： 内因：原生质层伸缩性大于细胞壁伸缩性 外因：外界溶液浓度>细胞液浓度 5、植物吸水方式有两种： （1）吸胀作用（未形成液泡）如：干种子、根尖分生区（了解） （2）渗透作用(形成液泡的) 二、比较几组概念 扩散：物质从高浓度到低浓度的运动叫做扩散（扩散与过膜与否无关）（如：O2从浓度高的地方向浓度低的地方运动） 渗透：水分子或其他溶剂分子通过半透膜的扩散又称为渗透 （如：细胞的吸水和失水，原生质层相当于半透膜）
半透膜：物质的透过与否取决于半透膜孔隙直径的大小 （如：动物膀胱、玻璃纸、肠衣、鸡蛋的卵壳膜等） 选择透过性膜：细胞膜上具有载体，且不同生物的细胞膜上载体种类和数量不 同，构成了对不同物质吸收与否和吸收多少的选择性。 （如：细胞膜等各种生物膜） 第二节生物膜的流动镶嵌模型 一、探索历程（略，见P65-67）、细胞融合实验 二、流动镶嵌模型的基本内容 ▲磷脂双分子层构成了膜的基本支架 ▲蛋白质分子有的镶嵌在磷脂双分子层表面，有的部分或全部嵌入磷脂双分子层中，有的横跨整个磷脂双分子层 ▲磷脂双分子层和大多数蛋白质分子可以运动 三、糖蛋白（糖被）组成：由细胞膜上的蛋白质与糖类结合形成。 作用：细胞识别、免疫反应、血型鉴定、保护润滑等。 第三节物质跨膜运输的方式 一、被动运输：物质进出细胞，顺浓度梯度的扩散，称为被动运输。 (1)自由扩散：物质通过简单的扩散作用进出细胞 (2)协助扩散：进出细胞的物质借助载体蛋白的扩散 二、主动运输：从低浓度一侧运输到高浓度一侧，需要载体蛋白的协助，同时还需要消耗细胞内化学反应所释放的能量，这种方式叫做主动运输。 四、大分子物质进出细胞的方式：胞吞、胞吐。（如分泌蛋白的形成） 利用原理：膜的流动性 两种方式都需要能量，但不需要跨膜，通过囊泡的形式运输。 五、影响几种跨膜运输方式的条件 1、自由扩散：内外浓度差 2、协助扩散：内外浓度差、载体数量 3、主动运势：载体数量、A TP量
高二英语必修四知识点总结 目录 Unit 1 Women of achievement 知识点总结 (2) Unit2 Working the land 知识点总结 (7) Unit3 A taste of English humor 知识点总结 (11) Unit4 Body language 知识点总结 (14) Unit 5 Theme parks 知识点总结 (15)
Unit 1 Women of achievement 知识点总结【重点词汇、短语】 1. human beings 人类 2. campaign 运动，战役 3. behave 行为 4. shade 阴凉处 5. move off 离开，启程 6. observe 观察 7. respect 尊重 8. argue 讨论，辩论 9. lead a...life 过着…的生活 10. crowd in 涌入脑海 11. support 支持 12. look down upon/on 看不起 13. refer to 查阅，参考，涉及 14. by chance 碰巧 15. come across 偶遇 16. intend 计划，打算
17. deliver 提送，生（小孩），接生，发表（演说） 18. carry on 继续，坚持 【重点句型】 1. She also discovered how chimps communicatewith each other and her study of their body language helped her work out theirsocial system. 她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩身势语的研究帮助她弄清楚了黑猩猩的社会体系。 △ work out 解决、解答、计算出；产生结果、发展；锻炼；作出、制订出 2. She is leading a busy life but she says … 她过着忙碌的生活，但是她说…… △ lead a …life = live a …life 过……的生活 3. Many people look down upon poor people. 很多人瞧不起穷人。 △ look downupon / on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起 4. If the word group refers to differentmembers, use a plural verb.如果group（作主语）指的是各个成员，谓语动词用复数。 △ refer to 指的是：提及；谈到；提到；查阅、参考
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受 get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上 9. join in 参加（某个活动）； take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受 12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心 14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽 15. be good at/do well in 擅长于… 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是… 17. no longer / not …any longer 不再… 18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.） much too 太…(后接adj.) 19. not…until 直到…才 20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。
与碱溶液反应Cl2 + 2NaOH = NaCl + NaClO + H2O 2Cl2 + 2Ca(OH)2 = CaCl2 + Ca(ClO)2 + 2H2O 与盐溶液反应Cl2 + Na2SO3 + H2O = 2HCl + Na2SO4Cl2 + 2KI = I2 + 2KCl 实验室制取原理MnO2 + 4HCl(浓) △MnCl2 + Cl2↑+2H2O 2KMnO4 + 16HCl = 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2↑+ 8H2O NaCl O + 2HCl = NaCl + Cl2↑+ H2O ( 离子方程式: Cl O-+ 2H+ + Cl- = Cl2↑+ H2O ) 2.新制氯水成分分子:H２ＯＨClO Cl2 离子:H+Ｃｌ-CｌO-OＨ- 久置氯水成分分子：H2O离子：H+Cl-OH- ３.实验室如何制取纯净的氯气制取原理：MnO2 + 4HCｌ(浓) △MnCl２+ Cｌ2↑+2Ｈ2O 气体成分：Cｌ２（ＨCｌ、H2O）操作顺序仪器中盛装的药品各试剂的作用应出现的现象 ①先通入饱和食盐水除去HC l有晶体析出（NaCl） ②再通入浓H2SO4除去H2O 4.漂白粉 ①制法:2Cl２+ 2Cａ(ＯH)2= CaCl２＋Ca(ＣlO)2+2H2O ②有效成分:Cａ(CｌO)2 成分:ＣaCｌ２和Ｃａ（ClＯ)2 ③漂白原理：Ca(ClO)2 +CO2 +H2O = CaＣO３↓+ 2HClＯ（在溶液中) 漂白慢Ca(CｌO)2 + 2HCｌ＝CａCl2 + 2ＨＣlO漂白快 ④久置失效发生的反应：Ca（CｌO)2＋CO2 + H２O ＝ＣaCO3＋2HClO２HClO 错误!2ＨCｌ+O2↑ 5．Br2、Ｉ2在不同溶剂中的颜色 水苯或汽油四氯化碳 Br2黄～橙橙～橙红橙～橙红 I2深黄～褐淡紫～紫红紫～深紫 6.置换反应Ｃl2 ＋2NａBr = Br2+ 2NaCl Br2 ＋２KＩ＝I2+2ＫBr∴氧化性Cｌ2>Br2 ＞I2 7．I２遇淀粉溶液后，溶液呈蓝色 I－错误!I２ 三.氮 1.氮的氧化物 NO: 无色气体、有毒(同CＯ）、难溶与水2NO＋O2 = 2NＯ2 NＯ2:红棕色气体、有毒、与水反应3NＯ2 +2H2Ｏ= 2ＨＮO3 +NO 2．有关NO与Ｏ２或NＯ2与O２混合通入水中,液面上升一定高度时用的方程式 ４NＯ2 + O２＋2H2O= ４HＮＯ３4NO＋3Ｏ2 +２Ｈ2O = 4HNO3 3.硝酸 物理性质无色液体、有刺激性气味、能以任意比溶于水 化学性质 酸的通性 强 氧 化 性 与金属氧化物3FeO + 10HNO3 = 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO↑+ 5H2O 与金属 3Cu + 8HNO3(稀) = 3Cu(NO3)2 +2NO↑+ 4H2O Cu + 4HNO3(浓) = Cu(NO3)2 +2NO2↑+ 2H2O 与非金属 C + 4HNO3(浓) △CO2↑+ 4NO2↑+ 2H2O 不稳定性4HNO3 光照 或加热 4NO2↑+ O2↑+ H2O ４.氨( ＮH3） 物理性质无色气体、有刺激性气味、密度小于空气、1:700溶于水 化学与H2O NH3 + H2O NH3·H2O NH4++ OH-与酸NH3 + HCl = NH4Cl
最新高中英语必修四知识点归纳 平凡的人则说，勤奋是一种传统的美德。可见，勤奋富有了多么巨大的底蕴与魅力，人类如果丢弃了它，绝对不行。下面给大家分享一些关于高中英语必修四知识点归纳，希望对大家有所帮助。 高中英语必修四知识点1 重要词汇拓展 1 sunburn v.日晒，晒黑→sunburntadj.晒黑的 2 struggle v./n.挣扎，奋斗，努力struggle against struggle for struggle with 3 decade n.十年，十年期 4 super n.冗员, 额外人员;[口]特级品, 特大号商品; 超级市场adj特级的, 极好的, 非凡的 5. hunger n.饥饿，渴望/v.使饥饿→hungryadj.饥饿的;渴望的 6.output n. 产量，输出，input输入，消费 7.disturbing adj 引起烦恼的，令人不安的，disturb v. 打扰，麻烦 8.expand vt.扩大, 扩展,张开, 使发, 详谈; 引伸 9. circulate v.循环，流通→circulationn.循环，流传 10. battle n.战役，战斗v.搏斗，奋斗 11. therefore adv.因此，所以 12. rid vt 摆脱，除去 13.freedom n 自由，自主→free adj 自由的，免费的
14.equip v.配备，装备→equipmentn.设备 15. export v.输出，出口n.输出(品)→import v.输入，进口n.进口(品) 16.nationality n 国籍，national adj 国家的，民族的nation n. 国家 17.occupation n 工作，职业，占领occupy v.占用，使从事，把注意力集中于...占领, 占据 18.confuse v.使迷惑，使为难→confusedadj.感到迷惑的confusing adj.令人迷惑的 19 regret v./n.后悔，遗憾→regretfuladj.后悔的，遗憾的 20.production n.生产，制造，productive可生产的，可制造的，produce –v 生产，制造 21.discovery n. 发现，发觉，discover-v发现， 22.focus v. 集中，聚焦，n 焦点，中心点 23. reduce v.减少，缩减→reduction n.减少，缩减 24 comment n./v.评论，议论 高中英语必修四知识点2 重点短语梳理 1 if not 如果不…. If so 如果这样， 2.consider oneself sth 自认为是…consider sb sth 认为某人是… 3.since then 从那时起 4.search for a way to do sth 寻找做某事的途径。 5.thanks to 幸亏，由于，因为(to为介词)
高中英语人教版必修一知识点总结 Unit 1 Friendship Unit 2 English around the world Unit 3 Tracel journal Unit 4 Earthquakes Unit 5 Nelson Mandela - a modern hero 第一单元 1）add vt/vi加；添加；增添 add up合计加起来，但在口语中有时用于否定句，表示“莫名其妙，不说明问题”。add up to 总计共达，所有一切都说明，总而言之。 add sth（to sth）把……加到……里去。 add to 增加，扩建。 add 表示“继续说，补充说”。 区别add和increase add意思是“加，增加”，强调添加。或者表示将数字加起来求和。 increase“增加”，表示在数量，产量，尺寸，程度等方面的增加。 2）cheat v 欺骗；作弊n 骗子；作弊者；骗人的事 cheat sb of sth cheat sth out of sb 从某人处欺诈某物 cheat on/at/in 作弊，欺诈 3)list v 将事物列于表上；编事物的目录n 名单；目录；一览表 make a list of 造表，列……表 take…off the list 从表上去掉…… stand first on the list 居首位，列前茅 as listed above 如上所列 3）share share in 分享，分担，共用 share sth with sb 和某人共用/共享某事物 share out 分配，分发；得到股息，升股息 share（n.）in/of 一分，部分 4）trust vi/vt 信任，信赖；依赖 trust in 相信，信任，信仰 trust to 依靠（运气等），依赖 trust that… 希望，想 5）suffer vt/vi 遭受，受到，蒙受；受痛苦，受折磨，受惩罚，受损伤 suffer from 受……伤害；患……病痛 注意：suffer 和suffer from 都不能用于被动语态 6）calm vt/vi/adj. 使平静；使镇定。平静的，镇静的，沉着的。 calm down 平静下来，镇定下来 quite指人对外界事物感触的安静。对人时，侧重不激动，平静温和，不发表意见。still指完全没有声音或者没有动静，突然静止不动。 silent主要指人不爱说话，沉默不语。 7）concern
1. scientist science scientific 2. know about 了解 know of 听说过 3. find/ find out/ discover/ invent 4. explain sth. to sb 5. be characteristic of sb/ sth 6. pass sth from…从…处传来, 传下 pass by 路过, 经过… pass down 把…传下去 pass on 传递, 传授 7. the way of doing sth = the way to do 做某事的方法 8. put forward 提出建议，推荐某人或者自己任职，提名；时钟往前拨 9. by the way 顺便说 by way of …通过…的方法 lose one’s way 迷路 no way 没门，别想 feel one’s way 摸索着走谨慎从事 on one’s way to…在去……的路上 in this way=by this means =with this method用这种方法 10. put away 抛弃;舍弃 put down 写下来; 记入名单 put on 穿上; 戴上; 增加 put off 耽误; 延期 put out 熄灭(灯); 扑灭(火) put up 建立; 建造 put up with…忍受… 11. arrive at / come to / draw / reach a conclusion 12. win / beat /defeat win “赢得, 获胜”, 后接奖品, 奖金, 名誉, 财产 beat “击败, 战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者对手, 敌人 defeat “击败，战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者 对手, 敌人, (此用法同beat), 疾病等。 expert at/in sth 某方面的专家 14. attend 注意；照看，照顾；参加 attendance n. 照顾, 出席 attend school 上学 attend a lecture 听讲座attend a wedding 出席婚礼 15. attend to 处理, 办理I have some important things to attend to. 照顾, 照料; Are you being attended to 先生, 有人接待你吗 专心, 注意If you don’t attend to the teacher, you’ll never learn anything. 16. expose A to B 使A 暴露于B A be exposed to B A 暴露于B 17. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) deadly adj. 致命的 18. deadly adv. (1)very 极度; 非常; 十分 deadly serious 十分认真 (2)like death 死一般地 deadly pale 死一般苍白 19. every time 每当每次（连词连接句子）注意: immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等与every time一样, 都可以 用作连词引导时间状语从句, 意为“一…..就”。 20. absorb…..into 吸收，理解接受，吞并be absorbed in …被…吸引; 专心于; 全神贯注于某事 21. suggest doing sth 建议做某事 suggest that 建议should + V 暗示该使用什么时态用什么 22. severe 严厉的; 苛刻的; 严格的. 剧痛的, 剧烈的, 严重的, 难熬的 be severe with/on sth 对……严格。 23. be to blame 应该受到责备 blame sb for sth 因……责备某人 blame sth on sb 把sth 归咎于某人 24. look into 向里看；调查，了解 25. suspect sth 怀疑某事 suspect sb of doing sth 怀疑某人做某事 suspect that 从句 26. look on 观看, 面向, 旁观, 看待look out 面朝, 留神, 照料 look over 从上面看, 察看, 检查look around 环顾, 观光, 察看
高三英语必修一unit4知识点整理 《高三英语必修一unit4知识点整理》助你榜上有名！ 1.Nowimaginetherehasbeenabigearthquake.现在，假设有一次大地震。 “There+be+主语+其它成分”结构中there为引导词，本身无意义，谓语动词按照就近一致原则。 其它相似句型还有： Therehappentobe碰巧有 Thereseems/appearstobe好像有 Thereislikelytobe可能有 Theremay/mightbe也许有 Theremustbe一定有 Therecan’tbe不可能有 Thereissaid/reportedtobe据说/据报道有 Thereusedtobe曾经有 Thereissure/certaintobe一定有 2.happento. It(so)happenedthat… DidyouhearwhathappenedtoDavidlastnight? 你听说大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗? WhatwillhappentothechildrenifPeterandAlicebreakup? 如果彼得和爱丽丝离婚孩子们将怎么办?
IhappenedtoseePeteronthewaytothebookstoreyesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。 ItsohappenedthatIsawPeteronthewaytothebookstoreyesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。 Ihappenedtobeoutwhenhecalled.他来访时，恰巧我出去了。 (=IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.) IhappenedonjustthethingIhadbeenlookingfor.我偶然发现了我所要找的东西。 3.rightaway毫不迟疑，立刻 Heisill;youshouldcallinthedoctorrightaway.他病了,你应该立即请大夫来。 4.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.裂缝里冒出臭气。 5.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。 6.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.但是，这个城市的一百万居民都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。 7.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.世界似乎到了末日。 从句表示“(在某人)看来好像;似乎” ①Itseems/looks/appearsasif/though…看起来好像… ②Sb./Sth.looksasif/though…(不用seem/appear) ③Thereseems/appears(tobe)…(不用look) Thereappearstohavebeenamistake.=Itappearsthattherehasbeenamistake. ④Itseemsso.=Soitseems.看来似乎是这样。 8.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沦落为一片废墟之中。
高中英语新课标必修四知识点 IV---1 Women of achievements 一、知识点 1. … a girl from the countryside who dressed as a man and went to fight for the French. ……一个来自农村的女孩，她装扮成男人去为法兰西而战。 dress as 穿……的服装，使穿得像 Mom insists that we dress up as monsters. 妈妈坚持要我们打扮成怪物。 We must fight for our rights, comrades!同志们, 我们必须为自己的权利而斗争! 2. She helped drive the English out of France. She was caught and put to death by the English.她帮助把英国人驱逐出法国。她被捕并被英国人处死。 drove the attackers away; drove out any thought of failure. 赶走袭击者；打消失败的念头 He drove the children to school. 他开车送孩子去上学 Indecision drives me crazy. 犹豫要把我逼疯了 In these cases, the person is put to death. 在这些案件中，罪犯被剥夺生存权利。 The prisoner was put to death at dawn. 那囚犯在黎明时被处决. 3. the Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖 4. …one of the top leaders in modern Chinese histo ry 中国现代史上杰出的领导人之一。 the top historian in her department. 她部门中最杰出的历史学家 5. She concerned herself with welfare projects 她关心福利事业 He concerned herself with public work 他关心公众事务 We're rather concerned about father's health. 我们相当担心父亲的健康。 This concerns the healthy growth of the children deeply.这事对孩子们的健康成长关系极大。 6. a specialist in women‘s illnesses 妇科疾病的专家 7. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.她毕生贡献于中国妇女儿童的医疗工作。 He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind. 他为全人类的利益献出了自己的一生。He devoted a great sum of money to books. 他们花了一大笔钱买书。 After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. 退休后,他将要致力于园艺。 8. Her work encouraged many other women to become doctors. 她的工作鼓励了很多其他的妇女成为女医生。 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人(做某事) encourage a man to work better鼓励一个人更好地工作 be encouraged by受...鼓励[鼓舞] 9. Her research showed the connections between chimps and human beings. 她的工作说明了人类和黑猩猩的关系。 have connection with ―与……有关系‖， His illness must have had some connection with his diet. 他的病想必与他的饮食有关。 in connec tion with ―与……有关；关于‖， The teachers often deal with problems in connection with education. 老师经常处理和教育有关的问题。 Do you believe that there's a connection between smoking and heart disease? 你相信吸烟与心脏病有关系吗?