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大学英语四六级考试汉译英解答要点

大学英语四六级考试汉译英解答要点
大学英语四六级考试汉译英解答要点

四级考试结尾部分的汉译英,共5个句子,一句一题,句长约20单词左右,一部分用现成英文给出,要求考生按照中文的意思进行翻译。考试时间约5分钟。作为主观题的一种,这种题的难度相对高一些。分值占总分的5%,即35分左右(总分710分)。虽然比重不高,但是对于需要通过四级,或者需要争取高分的同学来说,必须做到每分必争。所以,怎样在最短的时间内最大限度地争取翻译的分数,是考生在复习当中需要预备好的。

新版大学英语四级考试大纲(2006修订版,全国大学英语四级考试委员会,上海外语教育出版社)中对翻译部分的要求是:"要求考生用正确的语法结构和符合英文习惯的表达,将单句中的汉语部分译为英语"。翻译的考察重点在语法结构上,主要考两类,一类是固定搭配,另一类是核心语法。相比之下,固定搭配的在考试中大量重复,考生只要将历年真题中重复考察的固定搭配加以记忆,形成一定的熟练度,到考场上,就能够直接套用;而核心语法,涉及到的都是从句、非谓语、倒装、虚拟等语法难点,结构多变,对考生来说难度相对高一些,因此需要从历年真题的考察中总结翻译的结构性规律,也就是语法的规律。所以,解决了这一点,四级翻译的得分问题也就迎刃而解。

以下是汉译英的具体三个步骤。第一步,寻找动词,确定主干;第二步,添加修饰,区分定状;第三步,判断连词,添加从句。

第一步:寻找动词,确定主干

英语和中文最直接的区别是,中文围绕名词展开,英文围绕主干展开。先要找句子主干,而主干中最核心的词是动词。所以首先要找到句子的主语和谓语,然后再在其基础之上添加其他部分的内容。而主语往往在句子中不需要寻找(一般在句首),或者由于只翻中文的一部分,主语已经在题干里给出了。这样,我们形成主干时,重点寻找动词就可以了。中英文主干基本没有语序差异,确定了主语、谓语之后,自然就能找到宾语或者其他成分,我们就按照原有的顺序直接逐词转换即可。但是,主干翻译的过程中,我们也会遇到中英文的细微差异,主要注意以下三点即可。

一、中文的"名词+形容词"句式,翻译时要在中间加上be动词。

这是中文唯一没有动词的句式,对应英文的主系表结构。比如"天很蓝","The sky is very blue."。

例1:CET4-2007.12 第90题. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because (它更方便和省时).

解析:主语"它",谓语部分"更方便",显然是翻成英文的比较级"more convenient",在中间要加上be动词,根据时态确定为is。

答案:it is more convenient and can save more time.

二、先确定语态,再确定时态。

中文的时态和语态往往偏隐性。在确定了动词和主干进行翻译时,首先要处理的是语态,即主被动问题,而不是时态。大多数考生的误区往往是先确定时态。四级翻译的时态不会涉及特别复杂,除了虚拟语气中以外,一般只是一般现在时或者一般过去时。而时态的使用本身只是动词的直接变化,并不会直接影响翻译的内容。如果第一步主被动判断错误的话,整个句子的意思就会全部错误。所以,语态的判断至关重要。例2:CET4-2008.6 第87题. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research(能应用于新技术的开发).

解析:1.确定动词,动词是"能应用";2.确定语态,主语在题干里已给出,在动词左面的if从句中,即"the results of this research"。这里虽没有"被"字,但"研究成果"与动词"应用"间语义上明显是被动关系。所以要用被动语态表达,即can be applied to。再加上宾语部分"新技术的开发",翻成of短语"the exploration of new technology"

答案:can be applied to the exploration of new technology.

三、同一句中连续出现两个动词且没有并列标志,第二个动词直接用to do衔接。

中文里没有明显的逻辑词做标志,可以在一句话中出现连续多个动词,而在转译成英文时需要区分主次动作,所以将第二个动词译成to do,解决衔接的问题。

例3:CET4-2010.6 第89题. We look forward to __________________ (被邀请出席开幕式).

解析:1.确定动词,主语和谓语动词在题干已经给出,这里的动词"被邀请"考的是look forward to doing 这个固定搭配;2.确定语态,被动语态写为be invited,变doing为being invited;3.处理第二个动词,"出席开幕式"用to do表示,是invite的搭配,to attend the opening ceremony.

答案:being invited to attend the opening ceremony.

第二步:添加修饰,区分定状

汉译英过程中遇到的最大语序障碍,本质上都是修饰成分所造成的。在主干基础上添加修饰,要注意中文转换成英文时所处的位置。

中英文中的修饰分为定语和状语两类,定语修饰名词,状语修饰名词以外的一切成分。所以在加修饰过程中,首先要区分哪种修饰,然后再看放在哪个位置。

一、判断修饰种类,"的+名词"前为定语,其他都是状语。上一步已经确定了主干,剩下未翻的中文部分即修饰,根据有无"的+名词"来区别。

二、添加定语。翻译成词的放在名词前,翻译成短语或者定从的放在名词后面。

定语在中文中都放在名词前,一般有名词前"的"作为标志。而英文中孤立的形容词前置,短语或句子修饰会放在名词后面。比如the fat man in the room。所以在翻译中,要区分是词还是短语句子修饰,分别放在正确的位置上。

例4:CET4-2010.12 第89题There would be no life on earth _______(没有地球独特的环境).

解析:1.确定主干,主干在横线左边已经给出,所以翻译部分整体为修饰,这个修饰的核心部分是"没有环境",即without environment;2.判断修饰,有"的",前面的"地球独特的"都是定语修饰"环境";3.确定位置,"地球的"译为of the earth,"独特的"译为unique,按照要求,一个词前置,短语则后置,分别加到environment 的前后,为the unique environment of the earth.

答案:without the unique environment of the earth.

三、添加状语。副词修饰动词时后置,短语或句子做状语时前后均可。

状语在英文中通常不分大小修饰,其位置前后均可。比如用副词修饰时,我们可以说成quickly run,也可以说成We run quickly;再比如时间状语修饰全句,可以说成In the morning we saw him,也可以说成We saw him in the morning。只有在副词修饰形容词时才只有前置这一个位置,比如very good。但是按照表达习惯,副词修饰动词通常放在句子结尾,短语和句子则前后均可。

例5:CET4-2006.12 第90题Some psychologists claim that people __________(出门在外时可能会感到孤独). 解析:1.确定主干,主语为宾从里的people,寻找动词应该是"可能感到孤独",may feel lonely;2.判断修饰,"出门在外时"没有"的",为时间状语,when they are outside;3.确定位置,句子作状语,可句首可句尾,这里显然放在句尾。

答案:may feel lonely when they are outside.

第三步:判断连词,添加从句

在添加修饰过程中,我们会遇到难度最高的核心语法考点,也就是从句。从句的翻译分成连接词+从句内容两部分。将汉语转为从句,内容并不会有多大变化,但必须保持陈述语序。主要难点在于从句种类的判断,而从句种类的判断直接决定了用什么样的连接词引导。所以翻译从句分成两步,判断连接词,保留陈述语序。以下是翻译中从句的几个高频考点。

一、句子+"的"+名词。"的"前出现动词,即可判定为限定性定从。中文内容不完整、缺成分用that引导,完整的话,名词为时间用when,原因用why,其他都用where。

例6:CET4-2009.12 第89题Scientists agree that it will be a long time (我们找到治愈癌症的方法).

解析:第一步,确定主干,这里是it will be a long time before+句子,主干是我们找到方法,译为before we can find a solution;第二步,判断修饰,有"的",前有动词"治愈",确定为限定性定从,后置;第三步,确定连词,"治愈癌症",这个定从中文不完整,用that引导,内容直译,can cure cancer。

答案:before we can find a solution that can cure cancer.

例7:CET4-2008.6 第90题. (与我成长的地方相比),this town is more prosperous and exciting.

解析:第一步,确定主干,这里考的是搭配Compared with sth.,应该是"与地方相比",Compared with the place;第二步,判断修饰,"我成长的",有"的",有动词"成长",为限定性定从;第三步,确定连词,"我成长"是完整的主谓句,名词"地方"为地点,所以用where,内容顺译即可,注意时态用一般过去时。

答案:Compared with the place where I grew up

二、句子+"的"。译为what名从,从句内容按中文逐词去译即可。

这一结构就是中文"…的(东西/事情)"的意思,对应下来就是英文中的what从句。

例8:CET4-2009.6 第90题_________(很多人所没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.

解析:1.确定连词,"句子+的",用what引导;2.从句内容顺译,"很多人没有意识到",就是主语+谓语,注意否定句要加助动词do,many people do not realize。

答案:What many people do not realize

例9:CET4-2010.12第90题. _________(给游客印象最深的) was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.

解析:1.确定连词,"句子+的",用what引导;2.从句内容顺译,先确定主干,"给游客印象最深",主干是"给游客印象",谓语+宾语结构。"给…印象"是impress,游客是tourists,注意动词时态,主干里有was。译为impressed the tourists。再放置修饰,"最深"为状语修饰动词impress, most即可,按照位置放在句尾。

答案:What impressed the tourists most

三、"多么"或"怎样/如何"译为how引导的名词从句。"多么"译为how+adj./adv.+剩下部分,"怎样/如何"直接译为how+陈述句。

例10:CET4-2007.12 第91题Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life_______ (是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的)。

解析:第一步,确定主干,主语是quality of life(生活质量),谓语动词应该是"衡量",主干是"生活质量衡量";然后判断语态和时态,应为被动,上文有live,译为is measured。第二步,添加修饰,"用他们能借到多少"没有"的",为状语,置于句尾。主要是"用…",译为介词by。第三步,确定连词。有"多少",就是"多么多"的意思,译为how much,剩下部分顺译,they can borrow。

答案:is measured by how much they can borrow.

大学英语汉译英答案

Unit 4 Translation 1、接受这份工作就得经常在周末上班,但约翰并不在意。 To take this job would involve working on weekends frequently, but John didn’t mind 2、众所周知,肺癌至少部分地是由于吸烟过多而引起的。 It is well know that lung cancer is caused at least in part by smoking too much. 3、我祖父母说,发明电视的那个人曾住在他们那个地段。 My grandparents said that the man who invented television had once lived in their neighborhood. 4、我提议咱们会后马上去办公室找史斯密教授,邀请他参加我们的英语晚会。 I propose that we go to find Prof. Smith in his office right after the meeting and invite him to our English evening 5、她因那病开过两次刀,身体十分虚弱,几乎站不起来。 Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up 6、教育家们认为,伴随着电视机长大的一代人,在电视机前花的时间太多,以致没有足够的时间学习了。Educators think that the generation growing up with television spend so much of their time in front of the TV that they do not have enough time to study. 7、我真希望你能拿出一个比这更好的解决办法来。 I do hope that you can come up with a better solution than this. 8、乍一看,这幅画并不好,但经过仔细观察,我们才发现它的的确观察,我们才发现它的确是一幅杰作。 At first glance the picture didn’t l ook very good, but after examining it carefully we found that it was indeed a masterpiece. Unit 5 Translation 1、史密斯医生从窗口望出去,突然看到一个年轻人正向他的诊所奔来。 Looking out of the window, Dr. Smith caught sight of a young man running towards his clinic. 2、艾米过去除了咖啡什么都不喝。 Amy used to drink nothing but coffee. 3、迈拉得知丈夫在事故中受了伤便哭了起来。 Myra broke into tears when she learned that her husband had got injured in an accident. 4、我们好几天没有看见怀特小姐了。她是病倒了还还是怎么了? W haven’t seen Miss White for quite a few days. Has she fallen ill of somethi ng? 5、研究所所长亲自查明一切都没有问题。 The director of the research institute came in person to make sure that everything was all right. 6、伦尼今天早晨上学又迟到了。他应该早一点起床的。肯定是昨晚睡得太迟了。 Lennie was late for school again this morning. He ought to /should have got up earlier. He must have stayed up too late last night 7、嗨,你不应该把那些孩子赶跑。他们是来帮忙的,不是来捣蛋的。 Say you oughtn’t to have driven away those kids. They came to lend you a hand, not to make trouble. 8、对护士来说,坚持这项规定是很重要的。 It is important for nurses to stick to this rule. Unit 6 Translation 1、据报道,那条铁路曾因洪水而停止修建。 It was reported that the building of the railway had been held up by a flood. 2、罢工结果,资方接受了工人的要求。 The strike resulted in the management accepting the workers’ demands. 3、煤矿工人们决定为争取更好的工作条件举行罢工。 The coalminers decided to go on strike for better working conditions 4、我很想买下这本英文词典,遗憾的是我身上带的钱不够。

英语四六级翻译训练每日一题四月2

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大学英语四级考试技巧重点总结(最新)

大学英语四级考试,是每个大学生都要过的一项英语水平考试。 那么如何顺利复习考过英语四级,有哪些英语四级考试技巧和经验总结呢? 接下来就给大家详细讲讲这些问题吧,希望对大家复习英语四级有所帮助。 一、英语四级考试听力技巧 备考听力,要先复习好听力。 在平时的复习中,可以充分利用琐碎时间练习。 然后只要掌握一定的英语四级考试技巧,听力就能拿到高分。 英语四级考试听力技巧可概括为以下3点: 第一就是听前预测。 大家可以在听力开始播放之前就快速浏览一遍题目,划出题干和选项中的关键词,这样可以大致推测出这篇文章的主题是什么。 第二就是记笔记。 大家在听的时候要及时记下和题目有关的关键信息,这样做题时就能够快速定位正确选项,而不用每道题都回想半天。 第三就是要特别注意试题的排列次序。 因为四级听力题常常将小题按录音材料的内容排列顺序。 所以如果没有时间预先阅读选项或时间不宽裕,大家也可以边听录音边依次浏览选项,同时进行思考、答题。 二、英语四级考试翻译技巧 英语四级考试翻译题型与听力,阅读,写作相比不一样。 因为,其它几部分只需要提升英语水平即可。 而翻译,不仅需要扎实的英语基础,更需要深厚的中文功底。 英语基础知识的夯实,你可以在真题中学习。

真题资料可以帮你逐句精解单词和语法知识,词汇注释和语法知识详细到可以不用查阅任何资料。 能为你的复习节省大量的时间,大大提高你的复习效率。 翻译做题技巧: 1.翻译时有必要增加词语来使英文的表达更加顺畅。 2.为了有更强的节奏感和押韵,汉语中也经常会出现排比句。 在翻译这些句子时,为了符合英文表达的逻辑,就要有所删减或省略。 3.注意词类变形和词性转换,尤其是名词、动词、形容词之间的转换。 4.要注意语态之间的转换。汉语中主动语态出现频率较高,英语中被动语态的使用率较高。 5.在遇到较长的句子或较复杂的句子时,可以考虑分译,以使译文简洁,通俗易懂。 三、英语四级考试写作技巧 英语四级写作复习技巧之前,建议大家多学习四级范文。 写作考试技巧: 1.卷面整洁,不要做涂改。 2.少用模板、少说空话,多些现场发挥,这点要求你要注意平时积累。 建议大家背点开头、结尾的万能句型,积累一些好的写作语料,四级作文就成了。 相关文章: 1.英语知识 2.30%的英文 3.英语资料下载 4.英语最实用口语100句

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