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小学英语基础知识汇总

小学英语基础知识汇总
小学英语基础知识汇总

小学英语基础知识汇总

第一章名词

一、名词可分为:1.专有名词和普通名词

2.可数名词和不可数名词

1.专有名词和普通名词

1)专有名词:是指特定的人、地方、事物、机构的专有名称。开头的字母必须大写。如:Tom, Martin, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, China, Sunday, October, Chinese 等。

2)普通名词:是指不属于特定的人名、地名、事物、概念的名词都是普通名词。

它分为四类:个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词。

①个体名词:用来表示单个的人或事物。如:hospital,

policeman, house, tree, cat, dog 等。

②集体名词:用来表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如:family, class, group, people, police, army等。

③物质名词:表示无法分为个体的物质。如:water, air, tea,

sugar, butter, rice等。

④抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。如:happiness, health, life, manners, love等。

2.可数名词和不可数名词

1)可数名词:一般地说,个体名词和集体名词是可以计数的,所以称之为可数名词,有单数和复数形式。如:

a city---two cities a

bird---three birds a book---ten books

可数名词复数形式的构成:

①规则变化:条件变化读音例词例外

caps, cakes/s/

house/haus 在清辅音

/ dogs, stars, 后读/s/,浊在词尾加s

一般名词 boys, 辅音或元houses/hau /z/

音后读ziz/ pens/z/

glass-glasses

watch-watch以字s在词尾stomachs /iz/

es,x,sh,ces尾的名brush-brushes box-boxes

shelf-shelves\l而有些结尾的词

fe-lives

以字fvef结尾/vz/

也只ves,如名

knife-knives\/fsroof-roofs,

eaf-leavs

harf-harves belief-belie fs, proof-proofs,

handkerchief and

scarf变复数时,可两种形

以元音结尾的词story-stories 直接/z,如baby-babies

以辅音boy-boys

/z/

结尾的eesferry-ferries

key-leys

party-parties

monkey,monkeys

day, days

无生命的名词在词尾直接加s读/z/如:

potato-potatoradio-radies

os +o 以辅音词尾加结尾的有

小学英语基础知识汇总

小学英语基础知识汇总 Document serial number【KKGB-LBS98YT-BS8CB-BSUT-BST108】

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