英语语法答案
翻译：
Ex. 17D
1. He may be doing his homework.
2. She may have forgotten to call me back.
3. Could you lend me 5 pounds until tomorrow?
4. I wonder if I could leave now.
5. It might rain this evening.
6. Old Tom might have left San Diego.
7. If it should rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
8. You should do as he says.
9. If you should change your mind, please let me know.
10. I’m surprised that he should have an accident.
11. Shall I go with you?
12. You shan’t answer her back again.
13. You mustn’t violate the traffic regulations again.
14. He must have got lost in the mountains.
15. You needn’t go and see him.
16. You needn’t have written to her.
17. You should have helped her.
18. If you would change this car, I should be very grateful.
19. Would you mind shutting the door?
20. She shouldn’t have bought that house.
21. It’s odd that she should say that.
22. Don’t call him. He’ll be taking a nap.
23. Don’t write to him. He won’t be home now.
24. Don’t bother him. He will have heard the news.
25. A lion will attack people only when hungry.
26. What will you do after graduation?
27. Mary ought to be home by now.
28. You oughtn’t to have bought a new car.
29. He used to work in Shanghai, but now he is nowhere to be found.
30. How dare you say that in the presence of the principal?
Ex. 20D
1. Environmental pollution is a hard problem to be coped with.
2. There is no time to lose. We must start at once.
3. This is an infectious disease to be wiped out in a few years.
4. There was no sound to be heard.
5. I’ve spent two days here. There is nothing to see.
6. This is a good book in which there is much to be learnt.
7. This is an item of information not to say to any other prople.
8. This is a difficult question to answer.
9. At the sound of footsteps outside the window, I stole out of the room, but
there was nothing to be seen.
10. He is a man to be reckoned with.
11. She was firm in her refusal to accept his offer of marriage.
12. I have accepted the invitation to go to their school for an exchange of experience.
13. I need a box to hold the chessmen.
14. What is there to be proud of?
15. He always thinks that the bed is a good place to read detective stories.
16. Every day I have a lot of question to consider.
17. The only way to deal with her is not to give an inch.
18. She is not a woman to be trifled with.
19. My brother was the third person to be interviewed.
20. You have left me very little to say.
Ex. 26G
1. They are to go to South America by way of the United States.
2. The apy caught lase week was in the pay of a foreign secret agency.
3. In the wake of the guide, I climbed and climbed and finally we got to the top of the mountain.
4. Ted was absent from the meeting on the score of illness.
5. Owing to the financial crisis, millions of people were living on the verge of starvation.
6. A nation must be masters of themselves instead of living at the mercy of fate.
7. We shouldn’t promote economic growth at the expense of the environment.
8. Our schools are open to all irrespective of race, color or creed.
9. She is bent on buying an expensive car regardless of the cost.
10. We must develop our economy in line with the principle of self-reliance.
11. We must not contaminate the environment on the pretence of developing industry.
12. My neighbour Old Tom lived entirely alone, apart from a big black cat named Blackie and a big black dog called Boris.
13. Previous to the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan in 1937, China’s four north-eastern provinces had been under the Japanese occupation for 6 years.
14. Liu Shao-qi believed that all he did was in the interests of the Chinese people.
15. We must always be on the watch for the enemy’s subversive activities.
16. There were still doubts on the part of the police.
17. Owing to the financial crisis, that country’s economy was on the brink of bankruptcy.
18. In the event of a financial crisis, the common people will suffer a lot of from inflation and unemployment.
19. The ship was sailing full steam in the teeth of a strong wind.
20. He decided to retire ahead of time on the ground of illhealth.
Ex. 29B
1. It gets dark early in winter.
2. Its no use asking her. She doesn’t know anything.
3. Its two miles to the station from here.
4. Have you seen it hail?
5. We leave it to you to decide what must be done.
6. It is said that the spy slipped arsenic into his tea.
7. It’s a pity (that) you missed that concert. 8. It looks as if he were very afraid.
9. It is no use crying over spilt milk.
10. It was several months before we met again.
Ex. 32D
1.Playing the piano is my favourite pastime.
2.Is it worth while doing such experiments?
3.They insisted on holding a reception in our honour.
4.I have got used to doing this kind of work.
5.After booking the ticket, she began to pack her things.
6.Instead of criticizing him, we should praise him.
7.Have you any objection to carrying out this plan?
8.At the meeting he stressed the importance of following the mass line.
9.Rebuilding this canal has already brought many benefits to our national economy.
10.Seeing so many people before her, she felt very nervous.
11.Having lived in Sichuan for many years, I know that place very well.
12.Pointing at a new building, he said, “This is our club.”
13.We began to knock at the door, thinking that was his home.
14.The river being too wide, we couldn’t swim across.
15.Such being the cas e, I won’t insist on your staying here.
16. The weather being so warm, someone suggested having the party in the open air.
17. Being so excited, he didn’t know what to say.
18. She sat there silent, tears streaming down her cheeks.
19. When he got to the village, he found the girls picking cotton in the fields.
20. Yesterday afternoon the school master caught some pupils smoking cigarettes in the classroom.
Ex. 34H
1.How many days are there in February if it is not a leap year?
2.What places do you usually like to visit if you come to Shanghai?
3. In the old days, there used to be millions of people dying of hunger and pestilence in case of flood.
4. When he lived in Shanghai, he used to like classical music if he went to a concert.
5. If she (has) promised to come to the party, she will certainly come.
6. If I can get a loan from the bank, I’ll buy the house.
7. His health won’t improve unless he gives up smoking at once.
8. I wouldn’t buy this picture even if I could afford it.
9. If there weren’t so many mosquitoes, it would be a perfect evening.
10. What would you do about the problem if you were in my shoes?
11. If the president hadn’t violated the Federal law, he wouldn’t have been forced to resign.
12. If the shop had packed t he goods properly, they wouldn’t have got damaged.
13. If it had not been for the stabilizing effect of the Renminbi, the financial crisis in East Asia would have worsened.
14. If you had taken my advice, you would not be in a difficult position now.
15. If the bank had lent her the money, she would be moving to a larger house.
16. If I could speak English, I would have expressed my idea more clearly.
17. If I knew her address, I would have sooner written to her. 18. If I were her, I would never have accepted their invitation.
19. If it had not been for the misdemeanors of the president, he would not have been impeached.
20. I f it were not for the financial crisis in East Asia, China’s economy would be developing at a greater speed.
改错：
Ex. 24D
1. …farther than Hart.
2. …further.
3. …somewhat better today.
4. He felt rather tired…
5. …almost ready; …nearly finished.
6. He was so much overwrought…
7. The smartly dressed women…
8. No sooner had h e… / Hardly … when he…9. …anywhere in the room.
10. He told Smith to come to the point immediately / to immediately come to the point.
11. Lately the son has been staying out late.
12. …close to me.13. …highly respected.
14. / 15. …slowly opened the door. 16. …close to his chest and then hit the ball high in the air. 17. Sit tight…
18. …it is really hard to say which is worse.19. Bonds has almost the easiest swing…20. The purpose of the investigation only became clea r when…
Ex.25G
1. I can tell you a much funnier story than that.
2. Dick’s behaviour is more courteous than Bob’s.
3. Jones teaches in a much more friendly way than Johnso.
4. He is as good a worker as John.
5. He is a more efficient worker than John.
6. I think Mary is the nicer of the two.
7. George did more work than anyone else.
8. We can let you have you as many copies as you need.
9. He can’t carry parcels as heavy as three.
10. It was as much of a success as I expected.
11. A whale is not a fish any more than a horse is .
12. He is no more fond of playing chess than you are.
13. Paper tiger is not half so fierce as it is painted.
14. There are monkeys more intelligent than Herbert.
15. This room is three times larger than that one. / This room is three times as large as that one.
Ex. 30C
1. … but also instructive.
2. .. and inexpensive.
3. Both Mary and her husband will do it.
4. /
5. … and carefully outlined.
6. …blue-eyed and partly gray-ha ired.
7. … carefully and to write a short review of it.
8. He is either an absolute piker…
9. He likes not only the girl but also the family. 10. … but also showing an interest in political questions. 11. … as well as one’s / his intellectual self.12. … nor can he compose. 13. He either needs/ needs either… 14. Neither Pauline nor her husband wanted to… 15. … neither with her own achievement nor with the team’s performance. 16. …, nor drink alcohol, nor idle away his time. 17. .. with ne ither a definite volume nor a definite shape. 18. …, to use but one side of the paper, and to endorse our papers in the proper manner. 19. .. with neither a sales tax nor an income tax, a major attraction for tax-weary residents of other states. 20. T he admen convince the reader not only that… 21. …, and he’ll take a mile.
22. You should try and finish…
23. …, and moreover, he is an expert in translation. 24. …, he went and saw the doctor immediately. 25. …, and you’ll get sick.
Ex. 36A
1. He was warned by a light flashing repeatedly.
2. An article written by my brother appeared...
3. His decision to retire surprised…
4. … no hope of winning the game.
5. He refused the invitation to write…
6. … of Anna’s doing the job.
7. The article written by my brother…
8. …reputation for honesty.
9. she made a point of coming late… 10. …in chemistry. 11. … on children. 12. … for that man; … to him.
13. This leap, right across the fissure, … 14. … men alive. 15. This is a form of fishing open to all anglers.
16. The picture shows a river alive with all kinds of boats and barges. 17. The house ablaze… 18. His not very intelligent son…
19. It is a lovely and fine day. 20. …uninvited guests at the party.
21. If you are a retired worker, …
22. The unemployment situation… 23. … any energy crisis in our country.
24. … a ten-year-old girl.
25. … a red-carpeted room. 26. I was awakened by a barking dog… 27. … the first news George had had of his friend’s absence.
28. Many ways have been found to use… 29. The assumption is made that the cylinder…
30. … the first I’ve actually met of the hundreds of thousands so treated.
Ex. 38C
1. … and one was saved in the crash.
2. … and to write.
3. He is
neither interested in nor…
4. … and that by the man who followed him on the panel coincided.
5. … many other girl singers have sung and still are singing.
6. … and never will do any.
7. … was called and other drivers were told to proceed cautiously.
8. … and that poor George was really scared. 9. … that played well on both offence and defence and that drew well throughout the season. 10. for service the team could have won the game. 11. He never worried about…
12. … than for that of his family. 13. … to present our arguments and to convince the council of the necessity for this action.
14. … and to summarize the main points presented. 15. … beca use he was very ill.
16. … if you will too/ if you will open one too.
17. … and Peter will this afternoon. 18. … the longer it dwells upon, and the deeper it sinks into, the mind.
19. … yet he was never given full marks. 20. … alth ough he disapproved of the way we dressed.
1.主谓一致 主谓一致Subject-Verb Concord即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。 指导原则 语法一致 语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致 eg. A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language. (主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式） 语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则. Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language. (主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式） 语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则. 意义一致和就近原则 意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致。 补充解释和例句见书P22 就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。 常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, either…or…，neither…nor …，not only…but also …等. 例句见书P23 英语中，有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语，此时，谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。如： (1) There is a desk and five chairs in his room. 他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。 There are five chairs and a desk in his room. 他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。 (2) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there. 要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。 Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there 是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去 结尾的名词作主语 以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称 以-ics结尾的学科名称 以-s结尾的地理名称 其他以-s结尾的名词 以集合名词作主语 通常作复数的集体名词 见书P27 【注】goods(货物), clothes(衣服)只有复数形式，且只表示复数意义： Such clothes are very cheap. 那样的衣服很便宜。 All the goods have been sent to them. 所有的货物都给他们送去了。 通常作不可数名词的集体名词 clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)， furniture(家具)，machinery(机械)，scenery(景色)，jewelry(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用作不可数名词，表示单数意义，用作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式。 既可做单数也可作复数的集体名词 family(家庭)，team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会)，audience(听众)，public(公众)等集合名词，当它们表示整体意义时，表单数意义，当它们强调个体意义时，表示复数意义。 【注】有时没有特定的语境，用单复数谓语均可以：
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
天才是百分之九十九的勤奋加百分之一的灵感 弃我去者，昨日之日不可留 乱我心者，今日之日多烦忧 英语语法基础知识 第1课： 1、be（是）动词的用法：am接I；is接第三人称单数，即除you、I外；are接表示多个人或事物，即复数。（我是am，你是are，is连接它、她、他，单数is，复数are）。 2、not是表示否定的词：不是的表达，am not，is not（isn’t），are not（aren’t）。 3、“一个”和“几个”的问题：“一个”是a+名词；“多个”是名词后面加s。 4、以元音开头（如O、E等），前面的冠词用an。 第2课： 1、及物动词与不及物动词的区别：及物动词后面接宾语；而不及物动词后面不接宾语。如I like ice cream ，It hurts。 2、主语是he、she、it和单数名词时，动词要发生第三人称的变化，即加s。 3、否定的用法：在动词之前加do not或does not。I、You和复数名词做主语时，否定就用do not；凡是单数名称和he、she、it做主语，否定就用does not。 第3课 1、my（我的）、your（你的）、his（他的）、her（她的）、their（他们的）、our（我们的）、its（它的）+名词，如my love，your love 。 2、名词所有格形式为：名词+’s，表示“……的”，如Sophie’s world，children’s Day，Japan’s tomorrow。 3、用名词+of+名词，一般用在无生命的名词上，表示“……的’’，如The sound of music （音乐之声）。 第4课 1、“have”和“there be”翻译成汉语都可以用一个“有”字来表示，但have是指主观的“所有、拥有”，而there be则是指客观的“存在，某处有某物”。 2、There be的单复数变化与be的变化规则相同，取决于后面所接的主语。主语为单数，就变成there is，主语是复数，就变成there are。 3、“have”在第三人称单数时变成“has”。
第一部分语法框架 词类：名词、动词、形容词、副词、冠词、数词、介词、代词、连词 语句子成分：主、谓、宾，定、状、补，同位、表 法主语+谓语 句简主语+谓语+宾语 法单主语+谓语+宾语(间宾)+宾语(直宾) 按句主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 结主语+系动词+表语 构并列句：简单句+并列连词+简单句 分定语从句 复合句：主句+从句状语从句 句名主语从句 子词宾语从句 结性 构从同位语从句 句表语从句 陈述句：肯定句/否定句 按疑一般疑问句：将be/情态动词/助动词do/does/did/have/has/had移到主语前构成 语问特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(what/when/where/why/which/how…)+一般疑问句 气句选择疑问句：一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句(通常省去与前句相同的内容) 分反义疑问句：前肯后否;前否后肯 祈使句：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等，以动词原形开头 What +名词+主语+谓语! 感 What+形容词+名词+主语+谓语! 叹 How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语! 句 How +形容词+ a +单数可数名词+主语+谓语! How +主语+谓语! 第二部分词类 名词 Noun (n.) 专有名词 首字母大写的人名、地名、组织名、机构名等，如：Qi Baishi, New York, the USA 普通名词 可数名词 (单/复数) 个体名词：能分成单个独立个体的名词，如：pen, apple, student, tree 集体名词：由几个个体组成的小集体的名词，如：group, class, family
不可数名词 物质名词：不能分为个体的物质，通常为气体、液体，如：water, gas, air 抽象名词：不具体，看不见，莫不着的事物，如：advice, information 动词 Verb (v.) 实义动词/行为动词(具体动作的发出 ) 及物动词(vt.)：需要带宾语的动词，即：该类词后必须有名词、代词等可以作宾语的词，如：finish tasks, run(经营) a company, read a novel 不及物动词(vi.)：不需要带宾语的的动词，即：该类词后没有名词、代词等可以作宾语的词，如：He(主) runs(谓) quickly(状). 若要在不及物动词后接宾语，则需要加上相关介词，如：They arrived in London at 9 p.m. 情态动词 表示说话人语气和态度的词：can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, need, ought to, dare。其后的动词用原形，“情动+动原”一起构成句子的谓语。 助动词 帮助构成时态、语态或改变句子结构的动词，如：be(am, is, are, was, were), have(has, had), do, does, did等。 第二部分 1.as...as...引导的比较级： (1)“as +形容词或副词原级+as+被比较对象”结构。例句： He studies as hard as you. 他像你一样学习努力。 (2)在否定句或疑问句中可用 not so…as…. 例句：He can notrun so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。 2.only引导的倒装句型：only +状语 (或状语从句)位于句首时，句子部分倒装。 例句： Only by diligence and honesty can one succeed inlife. 只有勤奋、正直，一个人在生活中才能成功。 注意：但 only修饰主语时，不倒装。例句： Onlythat girl knew how to work out the problem. 只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。 3.wish引导的虚拟语气：wish 后面的从句，当表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望时，其宾语从句的动词形式为： ⑴表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式表示，be 的过去式用were. I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道。) ⑵表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用had +过去分词。
1、课程编码：GX009121B/ GX009122B 2、课程名称：英语语法 3、英文名称：English Grammar 4、推荐教材和教学参考书： 5、教材：《新编英语语法教程》(学生用书)，章振邦主编，2003年12月第4版，上海外语教育出版社出版。 5、教学参考书： ⑴《新编英语语法教程》(教师用书)，章振邦主编，2004年1月第4版，上海外语教育出版社出版。 ⑵《牛津实用英语语法》，A. J. 汤普森, A. V. 马蒂内特著，陈则源、夏定雄译，1986年3月第一版，牛津大学出版社，外语教学与研究出版社出版。 ⑶《实用英语语法》，张道真主编，商务印书馆出版。 ⑷《高级英语语法》（上下册），薄冰主编，高等教育出版社出版。 ⑸《大学英语语法》（第三版），徐广联主编，2005年10月第三版，华东理工大学出版社出版。 ⑹《英语语法大全》，（英）伦道夫.夸克等著，苏州大学《英语语法大全》翻译组译，1989年9月第一版，华东师范大学出版社出版。 6、课程类型：专业基础课 7、总学时：72 学时 8、学分：4 9、适用专业：各种英语专业 10、先修课程：综合英语，英语阅读 二、课程性质与设置目的： 《英语语法》是英语专业技能必修课，其目的是培养学生掌握系统的英语语法知识，养成良好的语言运用习惯，保证他们使用英语语言时的正确性和准确性。 作为英语专业的主要必修课程之一，《英语语法》应该和其他专业各门课程一起，力争保证学生能够通过英语专业全国统考TEM4和TEM8。 三、课程教学基本目标： 英语语法课旨在通过该课程的学习，帮助学生重点掌握英语语法的核心项目，提高学生在上下文中恰当运用英语语法的能力和运用英语的准确性，使学生对英语语法有一个比较系统的了解并能借助英语语法知识解决英语学习过程中的有关问题。学生有计划地阅读英语语法教材，探讨英语语言的结构，通过各种练习，牢固地掌握英语语法，提高运用英语的能力。 四、考核方式： 1、本课程为考查课，采用闭卷开卷结合的考试方式，要求学生在一定的时间内完成教师所设计的考题。成绩评定分为平时和考试成绩，平时作业和课堂表现， 2、本课程考试的命题，应根据大纲规定的要求，确定测试范围和考核标准。考试内容应覆盖到各个章节，重点突出，难易适中。 考核是检查教学大纲执行情况、评估教学质量的一种有效手段，是获取教学反馈信息的主要来源和改进教学工作的重要依据。本课程的考核着重检查学生的英语语法基础知识。 本课程的考核采取两种形式：形成性考核和课程终结考试。 形成性考核：包括平时练习、面授辅导和各项教学活动中的参与情况，以及学生对学习过程的自我监控情况，占总成绩的20%。 每学期期末均安排课程终结考试，考试形式为笔试。考试内容应以所指定教材为基本依据，实行统一考试，考试总成绩的80%。
英语语法习题 目录 第一讲主谓一致 第二讲名词 第三讲代词 第四讲动词分类 第五讲动词时态 第六讲被动语态 第七讲虚拟语气 第八讲助动词 第九讲不定式 第十讲 V-ing形式 第十一讲 V-ed形式 第十二讲形容词／副词 第十三讲介词 第十四讲连词 第十五讲 It的用法 第十六讲定语从句 第十七讲名词性从句 第十八讲状语从句 第十九讲倒装句 第一讲主谓一致 I.学习重点 从句或非谓语动词作主语时的主谓一致 表示数量的名词词组作主语时的主谓一致 由连接词连接的主语与谓语的一致 集体名词作主语时的主谓一致 “主语+with/as well as 等短语”的主谓一致 Ⅱ．重点讲解 主语和谓语的一致主要指谓语动词必须和作主语的名词或人称代词在人称和数上保持一致。处理主谓一致关系主要遵循以下3条原则。①语法一致原则，即谓语的单、复数形式依主语的单、复数形式而定：主语为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语为单数或是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。②就近一致原则，即谓语动词的人称和数要与它最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。 ③意义一致原则，即不以语法形式而从意义着眼处理一致关系，若主语形式上为复数，但意义上是单数，谓语动词需用单数；若主语形式上为单数，而意义上是复数，则谓语动词用复数。 Ⅲ、自测题 1．The committee ______(be) unable to agree on the policies．
2．The committee ______ (have) decided to give the workers more financial help．3．Why he entered the house and how he managed to get out of it without being seen by people ______ (remain) a mystery to us all． 4．Three years in a strange land ______(seem) like a long time． 5．He is one of those men who never ______(care) how they look． 6．Law and order ______(mean) different things to people with different political opinions． 7．She’s the only one of these women who ______ (play) bridge well． 8．After the exams ______(be) the time to relax． 9．War and peace ______(be) a constant theme in history． 10．How is it that your answer and your neighbour’s ______(be) identical? 11．If either of you ______(take) a vacation now,we will not be able to finish the work． 12．One third of the population ______(be) working in factories． 13．There ______(be) a bed and two sofas in the room． 14．What he left me ______(be) three small rooms. 15．The crowd at the basketball game ______(be) wild with excitement. 16．None of the students ______(have)finished the exam yet． 17．A large crowd of people ______(have) gathered under the Town Hall clock．18．All but he and I ______(be) going to the Exhibition． 19．Each soldier and sailor ______(be) given a gun． 20．Attending on campus concerts ______ (be) part of the pleasure of college life．21．There ______(be) more than one answer to your question． 22．A number of pages ______(be) found missing． 23．This is one of the books that ______(tell) an authentic story of World War Two．24．The cat with her kittens ______(be) sitting in the sun． 25．What ______(be) your weekly wages? 26．Bacon and eggs ______(make) a hearty breakfast for a growing boy．27．Dancing and skating ______(be) my chief delights． 28．Only one of the students who______(have) read the article can answer the question． 29．John is the only student who ______(have) read the book． 30．The number of secretaries in this company ______(be)never under 100．31．Five hundred dollars ______(be) spent yesterday. 32．It is I who ______(be) responsible for this. 33．To visit the parks and museums ______(be) really enjoyable． 34．Every word and phrase in this dictionary ______(be) important． 35．What he wants ______(be) a recorder and a radio． 36．There ______(be) many a reason why this book sells well． 37．What caused the damage of these cars ______(remain) unknown． 38．Two thirds of my friends ______(have) been abroad． 39．Two thirds of the crop ______(have) been damaged by the storm． 40．The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes ______(have) been translated into many languages． 41．A thousand miles no longer ______ much to us today,for modern jets can easily get us over this distance within a few hours． A)meant B)mean C)means D)will mean 42．It is reported that about two-thirds of the factory’s property _______ in the fire． A)are lost B)have been lost
《英语语法》教学大纲 课程编号：2152102 课程类别：专业课 学时：32 学分：2.0 适用专业：英语专业一年级 先修课程：无 一、课程性质、目的和任务 《英语语法》为英语专业基础课，英语语法根据英语专业人才培养的要求，旨在对学生进行英语语法基本理论和基本技能的教育和培养。通过本课程的学习，学生应具有基本的理论知识和应用能力，了解英语语法的一些基本知识与概念，了解英语语言的原理、规则与特点，熟练掌握常用的语法知识，语法体系，具备进一步学习英语语言与英语高级语法的基础，并能够在英语口语、阅读、写作、翻译等实际应用中正确使用英语。 课程任务是帮助学生重点掌握英语语法的核心项目，提高学生在上下文中恰当运用英语语法的能力和运用英语的准确性，使学生对英语语法有一个比较系统的了解并借助英语语法知识解决英语学习过程中的有关问题。 二、课程教学内容、要求 1 ?课程教学内容语法层次；句子结构；主谓一致；名词和名词词组及属格；限定词；代词；动词和动词词组； 动词的时和体；将来时间表示法；被动态；虚拟式；助动词；不定式；分词；独立结构；比较 等级和比较结构；并列结构；从属结构；关系分句；倒装；省略；替代；语篇衔接 2.课程教学要求： 1）.精讲多练，注重实践2）?以学生为中心组织教学3）.注意培养语篇水平上应用语法知 识的能力。 导论：语法层次
第1讲：句子结构 第2、3讲：主谓一致 第4、5讲：名词、名词词组和名词属格 第6、7讲：限定词 第8、9讲：代词
第10讲：动词和动词词组 第11、12讲：动词的时和体 第13讲：将来时间表示法 第14、15讲：被动态 第16讲：虚拟式 第17、18讲：助动词
第一部分：词法 中考考点一、名词 一、名词的复数： 1.名词变复数的规则形式 1).一般情况下直接加s book------books cup-----cups 2).以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es . city-------cities family-----families 3).以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es . bus-----buses wish------wishes watch------wathes 4).以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es . tomato-----tomatoes potato------potatoes hero-----heroes 5).以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es . leaf----leaves self---selves shelf----shelves life----lives thief---thieves 2.少数名词的复数形式是不规则的。 man----men woman---women child----children foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice 3.单数和复数形式相同。 deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese 4.某国人的复数。 1). 中、日不变。Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese 2). 英、法变。 Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen 3). 其余s加后面。 American -----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians 二、不可数名词： 1.不可数名词： 1).不能直接用数字表数量 2).不能直接加a或an 3).没有复数形式 4).可用some、any 、lots of、plenty of 、much 修饰 5).可用“量词短语”表示 2.不可数名词的数量的表示方法： a / 数字+ 量词 + of + 不可数名词 a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk 三、名词的所有格： 1. ’s 所有格。 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“’s.”
课时一教学任务 一、重点语法 1.动词be（am,is,are）的用法： be动词包括“am”, “is”, “are”三种形式。 ①第一人称单数(I)配合am来用。句型解析析：I am+… ②第二人称(You)配合are使用。句型解析：You are+… ③第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析：She(He, It) is +…… ④人称复数(we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析：We (You, They) are +…… 例句We are in Class 5,Grade 7.They are my friends.You are good students. 用法口诀： 我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。 一. 用括号中适当的词填空。 1. I ________(am, are, is) from Australia. 2. She _______ (am, are, is) a student. 3. Jane and Tom _________(am, is, are) my friends. 4. My parents _______ (am, is, are) very busy every day. 5. _______ (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York? 6. _______ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news? 7. There _____ (be) some glasses on it. 8. If he _____ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us. 一、用be 动词的适当形式填空 1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not. 2. The girl______ Jack's sister. 3. The dog _______ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. 5. ______ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home. 7. How _______ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. 9. Whose dress ______ this? 10. Whose socks ______ they? 11. That ______ my red skirt. 12. Who ______ I? 13.The jeans ______ on the desk. 14.Here ______ a scarf for you. 15. Here ______ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _____ for me. 19. Some tea ______ in the glass. 20. Gao shan's shirt _______ over there. 第二课时（1）英语人称代词和物主代词 一、人称代词 表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。 人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表： I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too.
v1.0可编辑可修改 英语语法基础知识大全 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词 类（ parts of speech）。 英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词 和感叹词。现分别叙述如下： （一）名词 名词 (noun) 是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如： foreigner 外国人 soap肥皂Newton 牛顿 law法律freedom 自由peace 和平 英语名词可分为两大类： 1。普通名词 (common noun) 是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如： teacher 教师market 市场 rice大米 magazine 杂志sound 声音 production生产 2。专有名词 (proper noun) 是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例如： Hemingway 海明威Russia俄罗斯 New York 纽约United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun) 与不可数名词 (uncountable noun) 两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s 或 -es 。例如：shop→shops 商店bus→buses 公共汽车library→libraries图书馆 toy →toys玩具leaf →leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→men 男人 tooth →teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅有关的英语语法书。 （二）冠词
现在完成时的重点和难点 一、现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法” 1. 现在完成时的" 完成用法" 现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。 （动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。） 现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语（如：already，yet，before，recently 等）、频度时间状语（如：never, ever, once等）、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语（如：this morning / month ／year...，today 等）连用。 例如：Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗？ 2. 现在完成时的"未完成用法" 现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。 例如：He has lived here since 1978自. 从1978 年以来,他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978 年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。） I have bee n in the army for more tha n 5 years 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。（动作开始于 5 年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。） 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语（由since或for引导），或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语（如：up tonow, so far到目前为止）等。 例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。 注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性 动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave， join ，become，die 等。 (2) 现在完成时常见两种句型：
英语基础语法知识（一） 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作 的分类叫词类（ parts of speech ）。 英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、 介词、连词和感叹词。现分别叙述如下： （一）名词 名词 ( noun) 是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如： foreigner 外国人soap 肥皂Newton 牛顿 law 法律freedom 自由peace 和平 英语名词可分为两大类： 1。普通名词 ( common noun) 是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如：teacher 教师market 市场rice 大米 magazine 杂志sound 声音production 生产 2。专有名词 ( proper noun ) 是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必 须 大写。例如： Hemingway海明威Russia 俄罗斯 New York 纽约United Nations 联合国 名词又可分为可数名词 ( countable noun ) 与不可数名词 ( uncountable noun ) 两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s 或-es 。例如： shop→shops 商店bus→buses公共汽车library→libraries图书馆 toy → toys玩具leaf →leaves 树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→ men男人tooth →teeth牙齿datum→data 数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅有关的英语语法书。 （二）冠词 冠词 ( article ( indefinite article ) 放在名词之前，帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词 ) 和定冠词 ( definite article ) 两种。
英语语法练习题 名词 1. This is ___ reading-room. A. the teacher’s B. teacher’s C. teacher’s D. the teachers’ 2. Nothing was found but ___ broken. A. the room window B. the room’s window C. the room of the window D. the window of room 3. How many___ would you like? A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread 4. He was praised for his ___. A. brave B. bravery C. bravely D. great brave 5. Please get me a new ___ when you go to town. A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers 6. There are 34___ doctors in the hospital. A. woman B. women C. woman’s D. women’s 7. Some___ are even thinner than your little finger. A. bamboo B. bamboos C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos 8. He was born in this town and now he lives in ___. A. Building second B. Building Two C. the Building Two D. Building the Second 9. Old as he is, he has ___to do every day. A. a lot of work B. much works C. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks 10. Jack’s room is furnished with ___. A. new furnitures B. many new furnitures C. many new pieces of furnitures D. many new pieces of furniture 11. Have you read ___newspaper yet? A. today’s B. Today’s C. the today’s D. your today’s 12. It’s not far, only ___walk from here to our school. A. a ten minutes B. ten minutes C. a ten minutes’ D. ten minutes’ 13. Last month, he wrote me ___letter. A. a 1000-word B. 1000 words C. a 1000-words D. 1000 words’ 14. He had a ___sleep yesterday. A. a good night B. a good-night C. a g ood night’s D. good-night’s 15. ___is not a long way to drive. A. Three miles distance B. Three-mile distance
一、说明部分 1、课程编码：GX009121B/ GX009122B 2、课程名称：英语语法 3、英文名称：English Grammar 4、推荐教材和教学参考书： 5、教材：《新编英语语法教程》(学生用书)，章振邦主编，2003年12月第4版，上海外语教育出版社出版。 5、教学参考书： ⑴《新编英语语法教程》(教师用书)，章振邦主编，2004年1月第4版，上海外语教育出版社出版。 ⑵《牛津实用英语语法》，A. J. 汤普森, A. V. 马蒂内特著，陈则源、夏定雄译，1986年3月第一版，牛津大学出版社，外语教学与研究出版社出版。 ⑶《实用英语语法》，张道真主编，商务印书馆出版。⑷《高级英语语法》（上下册），薄冰主编，高等教育出版社出版。⑸《大学英语语法》（第三版），徐广联主编，2005年10月第三版，华东理工大学出版社出版。 ⑹《英语语法大全》，（英）伦道夫.夸克等著，苏州大学《英语语法大全》翻译组译，1989年9月第一版，华东师范大学出版社出版。6、课程类型：专业基础课7、总学时：72 学时 8、学分：4 9、适用专业：各种英语专业 10、先修课程：综合英语，英语阅读 二、课程性质与设置目的： 《英语语法》是英语专业技能必修课，其目的是培养学生掌握系统的英语语法知识，养成良好的语言运用习惯，保证他们使用英语语言时的正确性和准确性。作为英语专业的主要必修课程之一，《英语语法》应该和其他专业各门课程一起，力争保证学生能够通过英语专业全国统考TEM4和TEM8。三、课程教学基本目标： 英语语法课旨在通过该课程的学习，帮助学生重点掌握英语语法的核心项目，提高学生在上下文中恰当运用英语语法的能力和运用英语的准确性，使学生对英语语法有一个比较系 统的了解并能借助英语语法知识解决英语学习过程中的有关问题。学生有计划地阅读英语语法教材，探讨英语语言的结构，通过各种练习，牢固地掌握英语语法，提高运用英语的能力。 四、考核方式： 1、本课程为考查课，采用闭卷开卷结合的考试方式，要求学生在一定的时间内完成教师所设计的考题。成绩评定分为平时和考试成绩，平时作业和课堂表现， 2、本课程考试的命题，应根据大纲规定的要求，确定测试范围和考核标准。考试内容应覆盖到各个章节，重点突出，难易适中。 考核是检查教学大纲执行情况、评估教学质量的一种有效手段，是获取教学反馈信息的主要来源和改进教学工作的重要依据。本课程的考核着重检查学生的英语语法基础知识。本课程的考核采取两种形式： 形成性考核和课程终结考试。 形成性考核：包括平时练习、面授辅导和各项教学活动中的参与情况，以及学生对学习过程的自我监控情况，占总成绩的20%。 、管路敷设技术通过管线不仅可以解决吊顶层配置不规范高中资料试卷问题，而且可保障各类管路习题到位。在管路敷设过程中，要加强看护关于管路高中资料试卷连接管口处理高中资料试卷弯扁度固定盒位置保护层防腐跨接地线弯曲半径标高等，要求技术交底。管线敷设技术包含线槽、管架等多项方式，为解决高中语文电气课件中管壁薄、接口不严等问题，合理利用管线敷设技术。线缆敷设原则：在分线盒处，当不同电压回路交叉时，应采用金属隔板进行隔开处理；同一线槽内，强电回路须同时切断习题电源，线缆敷设完毕，要进行检查和检测处理。、电气课件中调试对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行 高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料试卷相互作用与相互关系，根据生产工艺高中资料试卷要求，对电气设备进行空载与带负荷下高中资料试卷调控试验；对设备进行调整使其在正常工况下与过度工作下都可以正常工作；对于继电保护进行整核对定值，审核与校对图纸，编写复杂设备与装置高中资料试卷调试方案，编写重要设备高中资料试卷试验方案以及系统启动方案；对整套启动过程中高中资料试卷电气设备进行调试工作并且进行过关运行高中资料试卷技术指导。对于调试过程中高中资料试卷技术问题，作为调试人员，需要在事前掌握图纸资料、设备制造厂家出具高中资料试卷试验报告与相关技术资料，并且了解现场设备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。 、电气设备调试高中资料试卷技术电力保护装置调试技术，电力保护高中资料试卷配置技术是指机组在进行继电保护高中资料试卷总体配置时，需要在最大限度内来确保机组高中资料试卷安全，并且尽可能地缩小故障高中资料试卷破坏范围，或者对某些异常高中资料试卷工况进行自动处理，尤其要避免错误高中资料试卷保护装置动作，并且拒绝动作，来避免不必要高中资料试卷突然停机。因此，电力高中资料试卷保护装置调试技术，要求电力保护装置做到准确灵活。对于差动保护装置高中资料试卷调试技术是指发电机一变压器组在发生内部故障时，需要进行外部电源高中资料试卷切除从而采用高中资料试卷主要保护装置。