一、高中英语任务型阅读
1．Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
College graduation eventually means taking much of your attention in your first job search. This process can be challenging, especially for those students who had thought very carefully about their chosen major and their potential career path—or those who majored in a field not directly connected to a specific career he eventually got. If you are in one of these groups, fear not! ________
Some majors are tied directly to specific career fields. For example, if you wish to become a teacher, you will likely have needed to complete an education program and eventually sit for a licensing exam. The same applies to majors in nursing. If you did not complete an acceptable nursing program, you won't be able to take the nursing licensing exam. ________
Other majors, however, are closely related to career paths but don't necessarily require a degree in the area. For example, students who majored in finance, math, or statistics may also have the necessary skills to be hired as an accountant.
Hopefully, as a college student, you were able to do more than just attend classes and read your course books. Your non-academic experiences can be very influential on your future career as well. Did you work during college, volunteer, or participate in a club or organization?
________ If you volunteered with a non-profit organization such as a homeless or domestic violence shelter, seek out positions in social services related to case management or victim advocacy. You may qualify for a position regardless of your major.
Although it often seems like your college major alone determines your career fate, this just isn't the case. ________ If you don't know what career options to consider based on your major, talk to your faculty or academic advisor. You may be surprised at what opportunities await!
A. If so, and if you enjoyed these activities, seek out related careers.
B. In these cases, successfully completing a specific major is crucial to landing a job in the matching field.
C. Graduating from a university with an excellent major and practical ability will surely make you more competitive.
D. It may influence it, but there are other factors that influence your career options as well.
E. The more you learn about workforce market, the better you'll know the importance of a desired major.
F. Although your major and coursework are relevant to landing a job, they are not the only deciding factors.
【答案】 F；B；A；D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇以论文，大学生毕业后找工作很具有挑战性。尤其是那些对所选专业及其可能选择的职业非常在意的学生，或者那些所学专业与他最终获得的具体职业没有直接联系的学生。尽管你所学的专业和课程与所找的工作有关，但并不是唯一的决定因素，决定你的职业不只是你大学所学的专业，还有其他因素也会影响你的职业选择。（1）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空前“ This process can be challenging,
especially for those students who had thought very carefully about their chosen major and their potential career path—or those who majored in a field not directly connected to a specific career he eventually got. If you are in one of these groups, fear not!”找工作是个挑战，尤其对于那些所学的专业与他最终要做的职业没有直接联系的学生。如果你是这些团体中的一员，不要害怕，可知对于这样的一群人来说不害怕是因为"所学的专业和课程并不是唯一的找工作的决定因素"，F. Although your major and coursework are relevant to landing a job, they are not the only deciding factors.“尽管你的专业和课程与找工作有关，但它们并不是唯一的决定因素”符合题意，故选F。
（2）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空前"Some majors are tied directly to specific career fields."可知，有些专业直接与特定的职业领域联系在一起。以及“ If you did not complete an acceptable nursing program, you won't be able to take the nursing licensing exam.”如果没有护理专业的无法参加护理许可考试。在这种情况下，成功完成某个专业对于找到相匹配领域的工作至关重要"， B. In these cases, successfully completing a specific major is crucial to landing a job in the matching field.“在这些情况下，成功完成某个专业对于在匹配领域找到工作至关重要”与此段的意义也是一致的。可知B项符合题意，故选B。
（3）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。前面两段内容"然而，其他专业与选择的职业密切相关，但不一定需要该领域的学位。你的非学术经历也会对你未来的职业生涯产生很大影响，如志愿者活动等。如果喜欢这些活动的话，可寻找与之相关的职业。" A. If so, and if you enjoyed these activities, seek out related careers.“如果是这样，如果你喜欢这些活动，寻找与之相关的职业”符合题意，故选A。
（4）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空前“ Although it often seems like your college major alone determines your career fate, this just isn't the case.”"虽然看起来你的大学专业似乎决定你的职业命运，但事实并非如此。"根据转折连词although可知，与你的专业无关的其他因素也会影响你的职业选择的。 D. It may influence it, but there are other factors that influence your career options as well.“它可能会影响你的职业选择，但也有其他因素会影响你的职业选择”符合题意，故选D。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
2．根据短文内容，在相应的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
How do you prove you really are who you say you are? Maybe you have many ways to prove your identity: a birth certificate, a driver's license, a Social Security card, or a passport.
But imagine that you are one of the one billion people in the world-most of them among the poorest-who have no official identification. No birth certificates. No official ID documents. Nothing. Without a way to prove who you are, you would face huge problems: going to school, seeing a doctor, getting a bank account...
For the last decade, NandanNilekani has been working to make the world's invisible people visible by giving them access to official identification. One of India's leading technology experts, Nandan joined the government to lead the launch of India's national biometric ID system, which uses fingerprints and other biological characteristics to check the identities of the country's more
than 1.3 billion residents. This ID system, known as Aadhaar (Hindi for "foundation"), is the world's largest biometric identification system and has become a valuable government platform for delivering social welfare programs and other government services.
Now, Aadhaar has enrolled nearly all residents of India. With a trustworthy system to check identities of beneficiaries for everything from pensions to food moneies, the government has been able to save billions of dollars because of reduced cheating and dishonesty.
Of course, India's ID system has not been without controversy. There were many privacy concerns, including criticism that the Aadhaar system was a mass monitoring tool and that personal data would be misused. Last year, a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of India found that the program did not violate the privacy rights of the country's residents. But in order to prevent misuse of personal data, the court placed tight limits on how the ID system could be used and shared.
According to the latest data by the World Bank, there are one billion people in the world without an official proof of identity, including 45 percent of the population in sub-Saharan Africa and 17 percent of South Asia's population.
Thanks to the work Nandan is doing, the world is moving closer to the day when everyone will have access to an official ID. The sooner we can achieve this goal, the sooner the world's poorest residents will not only be able to prove who they are, but also realize their dreams for better lives.（1）How does India's ID system check the identities of the residents? (不多于7个单词) （2）What is the function of Aadhaar as a valuable government platform? (不多于8个单词) （3）As for India's ID system, what are many people concerned about? (不多于1个单词) （4）What is the passage mainly about? (不多于6个单词)
【答案】（1）By using fingerprints and other biological characteristics.
（2）Delivering social welfare programs and other government services.
（3）Privacy.
（4）Making the world's invisible people visible.
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇说明文，世界上有10亿人没有官方身份证明，NandanNilekani一直致力于通过让世界上的"隐形人"获得官方身份证明，从而让他们变得"可见"。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“…lead the launch of India's national biometric ID system, which uses fingerprints and other biological characteristics to check the identities…”可知印度的身份识别系统通过指纹和其他生物特征来检查居民的身份。因此答案为By using fingerprints and other biological characteristics.
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的'his ID system, known as Aadhaar (Hindi for "foundation"),is the world's largest biometric identification system and has become a valuable governm ent platform for delivering social welfare programs and other government services.’可知Aadhaar作为一个有价值的政府平台，其功能是提供社会福利项目和其他政府服务。因此答案为Delivering social welfare programs and other government services.
（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“There were many privacy concerns, includi ng criticism that the Aadhaar system was a mass monitoring tool and that personal data would be misused.”
可知有很多隐私问题，包括批评Aadhaar系统是一个大规模的监控工具，个人数据会被滥用。所以许多人们关注的问题是隐私。故填Privacy.
（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文和第二段中的“NandanNilekani has been working to make the world's invisible people visible by giving them access to official identification.以及最后一段中的“the world is moving closer to the day when everyone will have access to an official ID. ”可知本文主要讲述的是世界上有10亿人没有官方身份证明，NandanNilekani一直致力于通过让世界上的"隐形人"获得官方身份证明，从而让他们变得"可见"。故可知Making the world's invisible people visible可以概括问文章主要内容，故答案为Making the world's invisible people visible.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。
3．阅读下列短文并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词，每空一词。
Ready for final year
Even though they're anxiously awaiting their gaokao, Senior 3 students feel relieved after having survived their busiest year of high school.
Your milestone year begins in just two months, so how can you make the most of it? Here, three graduates offer some practical advice to help you navigate (航行) your final year in the right way.
Sun Hairuo, High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, Beijing:
Think ahead about your major. Even though some universities allow students to switch to a new major after enrollment, it still involves a lot of effort to do. So while you're preparing for the gaokao, start to consider what field you want to major in at the same time.
When I was aware of my interest in social science, I began to collect information on the internet about what courses I'd like to take in university and what life would be like on campus if I chose this direction. Don't judge a major before you know everything about it, since your entire future depends on it.
Qian Wenjing, Hangzhou Foreign Language School, Zhejiang:
Enjoy a hobby alongside your studies. It's important to get high marks in all subjects, but if you have nothing that can distract you from the piles of homework, you'll have no motivation.
For example, I run a WeChat public account, which you can find by searching for “大嘴小个儿” on WeChat. On it, I share my reflections on life, recommend good books and introduce learning methods to others. I also make videos on how to write an interesting daily journal for the video platform https://www.doczj.com/doc/6817965183.html,.
So, keep on top of your schoolwork, but make sure you find time to let your hair down sometimes too.
Wang Zixin, Beijing No 4 High School, Beijing:
Create your own system of knowledge using a notebook. In the review stage, find your weak points on every science subject after each exam. Summarize the knowledge behind the errors in your notebook — this will not only identify the problem, but will also save you time when you don't have to spend so long figuring out the answer.
As for liberal arts subjects such as Chinese and English, write down any memorable sentences you come across in your notebook.
And keep it in mind that improvements don't happen right away — it takes time to get better. Ready for final year
like；remember
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙，三位高中已毕业的学生分享他们在高三学习的经验，让现在的高三学子坚定信念，更好地迎接忙碌的高三生活。
（1）考查词义转换。根据第一段中的“Even though they're anxiousl y awaiting their gaokao, Senior 3 students feel relieved after having survived their busiest year of high school.”中关键词await，可以用短语wait for替换。故填waiting。
（2）考查原词重现。根据第二段中的“Here, three graduates offer some practical advice to help you navigate (航行) your final year in the right way.”中的advice，注意首字母大写。故填Advice。
（3）考查词性转化。根据第三段中的“So while you're preparing for the gaokao, start to consider what field you want to major in at the same time.” 动词短语prepare for转化为名词短语make preparation for“为……做准备”。故填preparation。
（4）考查原词重现。根据第四段中的“When I was aware of my interest in social science, I began to collect information on the internet about what courses I'd like to take in university and what life would be like on campus if I chose this direction.”中aware在题中作状语。故填aware。
（5）考查词性转化。根据第五段中的“It's important to get high marks in all subjects, but if
you have nothing that can distract you from the piles of homework, you'll have no motivation.”中的名词motivation转化为形容词motivational作表语。故填motivational。
（6）考查词义转换。根据第七段中的“So, keep on top of your sc hoolwork, but make sure you find time to let your hair down sometimes too.”中短语keep on top of (保持优势)，转换为keep the advantage。故填advantage。
（7）考查词义转换。根据第七段中的“So, keep on top of your schoolwork, but make sure you find time to let your hair down sometimes too.”中的let your hair down为俚语“放松一下”，转换为动词relax。故填relax。
（8）考查定语从句。根据文章第六段For example, I run a WeChat public account, which you can find by searching for “大嘴小个儿” on WeChat. On it, I share my reflections on life, recommend good books and introduce learning methods to others.中的On it，题中先行词WeChat public account，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。（9）考查词义转换。根据倒数第二段中的“As for liberal arts subjects such as Chinese and English, write down any memorable sentences you come across in your notebook.”中的such as 转换为like。故填like。
（10）考查词义转换。根据最后一段中的“And keep it in mind that improvements don't happen right away —it takes time to get better. ”中的keep … in mind转换为remember。故填remember。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义转换，原词重现，词性转化等题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。
4．Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
________ According to a new survey by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.
________ Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal. But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.
"More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone," says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. ________ Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers' bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. ________ Students parents and teachers are pleased
with the results.
A. How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.
B. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical.
C. Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.
D. what homework waiting for kids might always affects them sleep well every night.
E. Raising the minimum sleep is identified as a key way to help solve the problem.
F. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am.【答案】 C；A；B；F
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了孩子们正常需要的睡眠时间，以及孩子们睡得晚的原因，以及一些学校采取的措施。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后”51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.“51%的10-18岁的美国孩子学习日睡得晚起得早，7-12岁的孩子中，60%白天会犯困，15%甚至在学校睡着，可知，本段主要讲述美国孩子睡眠不足的情况，C. Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.”睡得少已经成为大多数美国孩子的坏习惯“可以作为本段的主题句。故选C。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后”Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours.“婴儿需要大约18小时睡眠，学生需要10小时睡眠，成人需要8小时睡眠，与A. How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.”你的睡眠时间由年龄决定“承接自然，符合逻辑。空格下文讲述的内容概括起来就是，不同年龄段的人需要的睡眠时间不一样。故选A。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。B. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical.”其他专家说化学物质可能是其中部分问题“与空后”Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers' bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.“荷尔蒙这种化学物质水平的改变不仅让孩子身体发展出成年的特征，还让他们在晚上11点之前难以入睡，承接自然，符合语言逻辑。选项提到化学物质，下文解释这种化学物质会对孩子造成什么影响，即它所带来的问题。故选B。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”some school districts have decided to start high sc hool classes later than they used to. “一些美国学区把上课时间延迟，与F. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am.”3年前，明尼苏达州，伊代纳地区的学校把上课时间从7：25延迟到8：30“承接自然，选项是举例说明上文所提到的把上课延迟的政策。故选F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
5．Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Self-Care Strategies for College Students
Most college students don't put self-care at the top of their to do lists. When you're caught up in the whirlwind (旋风) of classes, extra-curricular, work, friendship, and final exams, it's easy to ignore a task that doesn't come with a deadline (even if that tas k is simply “taking care of yourself”). Embrace the excitement and intensity of college life, but remember that maintaining your physical, mental, and emotional health is essential to your success and well-being. ________ Instead, take time out to take care of yourself with some of these self-care strategies.
Get Away for Some Alone Time. If you live with roommates, privacy can be hard to come by, so make it your mission to find a peaceful place on campus to call your own. ________ Take a Mindful Walk Around Campus. When you're strolling to class, try this mindfulness exercise to center yourself and destress. ________ Feel free to people-watch, but pay attention to sensory details too, like the smell of a nearby barbecue or the sensation of pavement under your shoes. Take note of at least five beautiful or intriguing things you notice along your route. You might find yourself feeling a little calmer by the time you reach your destination.
Stage a Sleep Intervention. How much sleep do you really get each night? ________ By doing that, you'll begin the process of repaying your sleep debt and establishing healthy new sleep habits. Don't buy into the myth that the less you're sleeping, the harder you're working. Your mind and body need consistent sleep to operate at optimum levels – you simply can't do your best work without it.
Download a New Podcast. Take a break from the books, grab your headphones, and listen to some immersive mysteries, compelling interviews, or laugh-out-loud comedy. There are thousands of podcasts covering almost every subject imaginable, so you're sure to find something that interests you.
A. As you walk, pay close attention to your surroundings.
B. Make a plan to get off campus and explore your surroundings.
C. If you're averaging seven hours or less, commit to sleeping at least eight hours tonight.
D. If you're feeling stressed or overwhelmed, don't punish yourself by pushing your mind and body to their limits.
E. A comfortable corner in the library and even an empty classroom are perfect places to relax and recharge.
F. Actually, it is possible to shorten sleep time by up to 1 hour without the risk of sleep deprivation (剥夺) if you know how to have high quality sleep.
【答案】 D；E；A；C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大学生的自我保健策略。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ Instead, take time out to take care of yourself with some of these self-care strategies. ”“相反，花点时间用这些自我照顾策略来照顾自己。”承接下文，D. If you're feeling stressed or overwhelmed, don't punish yourself by pushing your mind and body to their limits.“如果你感到有压力或不堪重负，不要把自己的身心推向极限来惩罚自己。”符合语境。下文中的Instead表示前后是一种转折关系，故选D。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ If you live with roommates, privacy can be hard to come by, so make it your mission to find a peaceful place on campus to call your own. ”如果你和室友住在一起，你可能很难获得隐私，所以你的任务就是在校园里找一个安静的属于你自己的地方，承接上文，E. A comfortable corner in the library and even an empty classroom are perfect places to relax and recharge.“图书馆舒适的角落，甚至空教室都是放松和充电的好地方。”符合语境，故选E。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ When you're strolling to class, try this mindfulness exercise to center yourself and destress. ”当你漫步去上课的时候，试着做这个专注的练习来集中注意力，减压；再根据空后“ Feel free to people-watch, but pay attention to sensory details too, like the smell of a nearby barbecue or the sensation of pavement under your shoes. ”可以随意观察别人，但也要注意一些感官细节，比如附近烤肉的味道或你脚下人行道的感觉。”承接上下文，A.As you walk, pay close attention to your surroundings.“当你走路时，密切注意你周围的环境。”符合语境，故选A。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ By doing that, you'll begin the process of repaying your sleep debt and establishing healthy new sleep habits. ”通过这样做，你将开始偿还你的睡眠债务和建立健康的新睡眠习惯的过程。承接下文，C.If you're averaging seven hours or less, commit to sleeping at least eight hours tonight.“如果你的平均睡眠时间是7个小时或更少，那就保证今晚至少睡8个小时。”符合语境，故选C。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
6．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Silk Road was a historical network of trade routes that connected China and the Mediterranean Sea, allowing cultural and economic interaction between the East and the West. Begun in the 2nd Century B C, the Silk Road carried goods, ideas, and even illness for thousands of miles between great civilizations for more than a thousand years. ________ It was the creation of Germany's Ferdinand von Richthofen, who traveled to China several times in the second half of the 19th Century.
China's powerful Han Dynasty began expanding its trade routes towards the West in the years around 100 B.C. ________ Some shipments made it through to Europe and to northern and eastern Africa, through the port of Alexandria.
As its name suggests, the Silk Road was home to large amount of silk, which made its way from China to the Mediterranean and, to Rome. It wasn't only silk, however, that was carried along the Silk Road ________ Chinese traders brought delicate porcelain plates and thin but durable paper money. Romans brought delicately carved pottery (陶器）and jewelry to China.
________ Merchants carried shipments from major center, and then others carried the foods
farther on the route. Many merchants traveled in groups, called carvans (商队). Many carvans and individual merchants traveled with bodyguards because theft along the routes was not uncommon.
Several cities along the Silk Road became major trading centers. Some of the more famous of these were Alexandria, Karakorum, Antioch, Constantinople, and Persepolis. Local taxes placed on goods traveling along the route were quite common. ________
A. The name, however, is a modem idea.
B. Diseases also spread along the Silk Road.
C. It sent silk and other goods to other civilizations.
D. Merchants would prepare some supplies in advance.
E. Goods did not travel with the same person all along the route.
F. As a result, many goods traveled only part of the way due to the high cost
G. Many other things made their way from the East to the West, or from the West to the East.【答案】 A；C；G；E；F
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了丝绸之路的历史、发展及其对东西方文明的影响。
（1）上文说丝绸之路始于公元前2世纪，一千多年来，伟大文明之间的货物和思想都通过丝绸之路传输，下文又说这个称呼是由德国人Ferdinand von Richthofen发明的，19世纪中叶他曾多次访问中国，此处需要一个承上启下的句子，故A项（然而，这个名字是一个现代的概念）符合语境。
（2）根据本空后的“Some shipments made it throu gh to Europe and to northern and eastern Africa, through the port of Alexandria.”可知，一些货物通过亚历山大港送往欧洲、东非和北非，此处是说货物通过丝绸之路运送到别的地方，故C项（它把丝绸和其他商品送到其他文明）符合语境。
（3）上文说沿着丝绸之路运送的不只是丝绸，下文又说中国商人带来了精致的瓷盘和薄而耐用的纸币，罗马人把雕刻精美的陶器和朱宝带到中国，此处是说丝绸之路还运送除了丝绸以外的东西，故G项（还有很多别的东西，从西到东，从东到西，都在这条路上运输）符合语境。
（4）根据本空后的“Merchants carried shipments from major center, and then others carried the foods farther on the route.”可知，商人们从主要的运输中心运送货物，然后其他人把货物运送到更远的地方，故E项（货物并不是一路由一个人运送的）符合语境。
（5）根据本空前的“Local taxes placed on goods traveling along the r oute were quite common.可知，对丝绸之路上运输的货物征收地方税是很常见的，此处说的是征收地方税的影响，故F项（因此，由于成本高，许多货物只能走一部分路）符合语境。
【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤
1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。
7．阅读下面短文，回答问题。
I am a member at the Blue Ridge Mountains Writers Conference. This is the conference where I got my start about 15 years ago, so it feels special whenever I go back there.
I usually teach multiple sessions, host a table at meals where I can talk with conferees, and often have about 40-50 private appointments with attendees. I take great pleasure in giving my personal advice on the beginners' writing journey after listening to their puzzlement.
And then I realized something, as I looked across the room and saw AI Gansky and Eva Marie Everson whom I'd had private appointments with many years ago when I was one of the conferees. The only reason I am a member there now is because countless people like them have invested in me. As a new writer, I once expressed my book ideas to Al and Eva, and they encouraged me a lot. Award-winning authors Yvonne Lehman and Steven James welcomed me to their group and shared their knowledge. And Edie, Vonda, Linda, Lynette, Michelle and so many others became my writing friends, offering encouragement and support along the way. I'd never have made it on this journey without them.
Last week, I was invited to experience the life in the countryside with some writer friends. I refused the invitation at first. I was away from home a lot because of the numerous book releases and conferences. I felt so exhausted that I just wanted to stay at home. However, my sweet husband said, "Honey, why don't you go? It will be good for you. It can be a great source of inspiration for you." I'd never have made it without the support of this precious man who's been my chief encourager. It moves me to tears to think about all the times he's cleaned the kitchen, folded the laundry, taken care of our children and lugged my suitcases to the car so I can chase my dreams.
I wouldn't be where I am today without all the supportive people and I want to give them a much-deserved shout-out today.
（1）What does the author enjoy doing at the Blue Ridge Mountains Writers Conference? (No more than 9 words)
（2）How do you understand the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? (No more than 10 words) （3）Why did the author refuse the invitation? (No more than 7 words)
（4）What did the author's husband do to support her? (No more than 10 words)
（5）Is there anyone who helps you to follow your dream? What does he/ she do? (No more than 20 words)
【答案】（1）Sharing her writing experience with the beginners.
Or: She enjoys giving advice to the beginners on writing.
Or: Giving her personal advice on the beginners' writing journey.
（2）Many people have encouraged and supported her.
Or: Many people try to make me successful.
Or: Many people have encouraged and supported me to write.
（3）Because the busy work made her exhausted.
Or: She was busy and felt exhausted.
（4）He encouraged her and helped her look after the family.
Or: He supported her and did many things for family.
（5）Yes. My mom supports me to realize my music dream and encourages me every time I want to give up.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者一直是Blue Ridge Mountains Writers Conference 的会员，没有别人的帮助和家人的支持，作者不会成功，因此她要把这份爱心传递下去。（1）考查信息归纳。根据第二段中的“I take great pleasure in giving my personal advice on the beginners' writing journey after listening to their puzzlement.”可知，作者喜欢参加这个会议是因为可以为那些初学写作的新手提供一些个人意见，故答案为Sharing her writing experience with the beginners. Or: She enjoys giving advice to the beginners on writing. Or: Giving her personal advice on the beginners' writing journey.
（2）考查句义猜测。根据第三段中的“As a new writer, I once expressed my book ideas to Al and Eva, and they encouraged me a lot. Award-winning authors Yvonne Lehman and Steven James welcomed me to their group and shared their knowledge. And Edie, Vonda, Linda, Lynette, Michelle and so many others became my writing friends, offering encouragement and support along the way.”可知，作为写手，有很多人帮助过她，鼓励过她，因此作者依然没有退出这个会议，故答案为Many people have encouraged and supported her. Or: Many people try to make me successful. Or: Many people have encouraged and supported me to write.
（3）考查信息归纳。根据第四段中的“I was away from home a lot because of the num erous book releases and conferences. I felt so exhausted that I just wanted to stay at home.”可知，由于太多的新书发布会，作者很久没有回家了，因此感觉太累，只想呆在家，答案为Because the busy work made her exhausted. Or: She was busy and felt exhausted.
（4）考查信息归纳。根据第四段中的“It moves me to tears to t hink about all the times he's cleaned the kitchen, folded the laundry, taken care of our children and lugged my suitcases to the car so I can chase my dreams.”可知，让作者非常感动的是，丈夫做家务，照顾孩子，把她把行李放进车里，为了让作者实现其作家梦，故答案为He encouraged her and helped her look after the family. Or: He supported her and did many things for family.
（5）本题属于开放式问题，只要是回答帮助自己实现梦想的人都可以，注意单词拼写和字数限制。答案可以写为：Yes. My mom supports me to realize my music dream and encourages me every time I want to give up.
【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，句义猜测和开放题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。
8．Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentences can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Can just one person make a difference? You bet! In a community every person counts, and getting involved is not difficult. Take stock of your own talents and interests. ________ Don't wait for someone else to act first. Take the initiative! Once you see what you can accomplish, you'll want to keep going.
Here are just a few ways to make a difference in your community. How many more ways can you come up with?
Clean up the community. People often throw litter in places where there is already litter. And the problem only becomes worse until someone gets fed up and does something. Could your neighborhood use a cleanup? Neighborhood cleanups are often sponsored by local businesses or schools. But if your community doesn't have a cleanup program, get together with friends to organize one. You could pick up garbage in a larger area twice a year, or you could clean a smaller area every few months. ________
Include the isolated. Do you know anyone who is housebound? Almost all neighborhoods have a few people who have to stay at their homes. These people are often elderly and unable to leave their homes to perform simple tasks. ________ By letting them "borrow" your legs and eyes, you can make them feel included. You can run errands for them like shopping or paying bills. They might like you to read to them if their eyesight is failing. Governments provide some of the services these people need, but programs cannot give them friendship; that's what communities are for!
________ Reading clubs are popular all over Europe and North America. Members might read at home to prepare for discussion, or they might read aloud to each other and talk about what they just read. Either way, a book or article can spark lively discussion and this often challenges people to take action.
A. Cleaning your community will have a positive effect on others in society.
B. They find a need or an issue you really care about.
C. But they belong to the community, too.
D. Living in a clean neighborhood will be its own reward.
E. Don't hesitate to take part in the community's activity.
F. Round up some readers.
【答案】 B；D；C；F
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几种方式，这些方式可以帮助你在社区中发挥作用，为社区做贡献。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ In a community every person counts, and getting involved is not difficult. Take stock of your own talents and interests.”在一个社区里，每个人都很重要，参与其中并不难。评估你自己的才能和兴趣；以及空后“ Don't wait for someone else to act first. Take the initiative!”不要等别人先行动。该句承上启下，应该提到要根据自己的才能和兴趣去做自己关心的活动。B. They find a need or an issue you really care about.“它们（你的兴趣和才能）可以使你找到你需要做的事情。”承接上下文，符合语境，故选B。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ But if your community doesn't have a cleanup program, get together with friends to organize one. You could pick up garbage in a larger area twice a year, or you could clean a smaller area every few months.”但是如果你的社区没有一个清理计划，那就和朋友们一起组织一个。你可以一年两次在更大的地方捡垃圾，或者每隔几个月就清理一次小面积的垃圾。该句承接上文，应该提到清理社区活动对社区的作用。 D. Living in a clean neighborhood will be its own
reward.“这样做（清理社区）可以使人们生活在一个干净的社区里。”承接上文，符合语境，选D。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ These people are often elderly and unable to leave their homes to perform simple tasks.”这些人往往年迈，不能离家去做简单的工作；以及空后“ By letting them ‘borrow’your legs and eyes, you can make them feel included.”通过让他们"借用"你的腿和眼睛，你可以让他们感觉自己也是社区的一员。那么该空要提到和这些年迈的老人有关的话题， C. But they belong to the community, too.“但是他们也属于这个社区。”承接上下文，符合语境，故选C。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。该空是本段小标题。该段介绍了通过读书俱乐部，开展互动，促进人们去行动。由此可知，F. Round up some readers.“聚拢一些读者。”符合语境，选F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
9．阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Most of us probably dreamed about becoming an astronaut when we were little. But how many of us actually became one, or are at least working toward it?
The advice “Always follow your dreams” is something that is typically easier said than done.
But still, this is the one piece of advice that Alyssa Carson wants to share with her peers. This 17-year-old girl from the US has become one of the candidates for NASA's 2033 project to go to Mars. If everything goes well, Carson will be one of the first human beings to ever set foot on the red planet.
Carson has dreamed of going to Mars since she was only three years old. Watching an astronaut-themed cartoon and learning that humans have only been to the moon but not Mars, Carson decided that she wanted to be the first one to do so.
Since then, she has worked hard toward this goal. At the age of 12, Carson became the first person to attend all three NASA space camps, and she sat with real astronauts in a NASA panel(座谈会) to discuss the future of Mars missions.
Now 17, Carson is continuing with her space training while still taking on her high school work like a “normal” teenager, except that she studies all her subjects in four languages –English, French, Spanish and Chinese.
“I don't think there's anything specific that makes it easier for me or makes it something that others can't do,” Carson said in an interview with Uproxx News. “I've just really focused myself on what I want to accomplish.”
And Carson is willing to make sacrifices for her dream. She's fully aware of the danger of the mission and the possibility that she might never be able to come back. She also accepts the fact that she can't get married and start a family because any loved ones left on Earth may be a distraction for her and for the mission. But Carson believes that it's all worth it, summarizing her view with this an cient Greek proverb she once quoted, “A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they'll never sit in.”
So after all the hard work that Carson has done and all the sacrifices she's made, everything still boils down to the simp le phrase, “follow your dreams”. And while some people's dreams may
sound out of this world, in Carson's case, they literally(毫不夸张地) are.
（1）What will happen to Carson in 2033 if everything goes well? (No more than 8 words) （2）Why did Carson decide to be the first one to go to Mars? (No more than 20 words)
（3）How does Carson differ from other students for the school work? (No more than 10 words) （4）How do you understand the underlined sentence? (No more than 20 words)
（5）What do you think of the girl? And why? (No more than 25 words)
【答案】（1）She will set foot on the Mars. / She will go to the Mars.
（2）Because of watching an astronaut-themed cartoon and learning that humans have only been to the moon but not Mars.
（3）She studies all her subjects in four languages.
（4）A society will make progress if people make contributions without considering personal benefits.
（5）She is brave and unselfish, because she may not return to the earth and is willing to make sacrifices for her dream.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个勇敢无私的女孩Carson为了实现自己的梦想不惜牺牲自己的利益。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“This 17-year-old girl from the US has become one of the candidates for NASA's 2033 project to go to Mars. If everything goes well, Carson will be one of the first human beings to ever set foot o n the red planet.”可知如果一切进展的顺利，Carson 在2033年会go to Mars/ set foot on the Mars。字数要求是不能超过八个字，所以本题的答案是：She will set foot on the Mars. / She will go to the Mars.
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Watching an astronaut-themed cartoon and learning that humans have only been to the moon but not Mars, Carson decided that she wanted to be the first one to do so.”可知Carson看了一部以宇航员为主题的卡通片，了解到人类只登上过月球，没有登上过火星，于是她决定成为第一个登上月球的人。字数要求是不能超过二十个字，所以本题的答案是：Because of watching an astronaut-themed cartoon and learning that humans have only been to the moon but not Mars.
（3）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“Now 17, Carson is continuing with her space training while still taking on her high school work like a “normal” teenager, except that she studies all her subjects in four languages – English, French, Spanish and Chinese.”可知Carson用四门语言学习课程，这是她不同于其他学生的地方。字数要求是不能超过十个字，所以本题的答案是：She studies all her subjects in four languages.
（4）考查语句理解。A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they'll never sit in.这句话的字面意思是：当老人知道不能在自己种的树下乘凉却还坚持种树
时，这个社会就发展了。再结合这段内容：这段主要讲了Carson为了为自己的梦想牺牲自己个人的利益。所以这句话引申为：当人们不考虑个人利益而为社会做贡献时，这个社会就发展了。字数要求是不能超过二十个字，所以本题的答案是：A society will make progress if people make contributions without considering personal benefits.
（5）考查推理判断。文章主要讲述了一个勇敢无私的女孩Carson为了实现自己的梦想不惜牺牲自己的利益。字数要求是不能超过二十五个字，所以本题的答案是：She is brave and unselfish, because she may not return to the earth and is willing to make sacrifices for her dream.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，语句理解和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的词汇知识，从而做出正确答案。
10．阅读下列短文并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词，每空格1词。
A 2014 study found that readers of a short mystery story on a Kindle were significantly worse at remembering the order of events than those who read the same story in paperback.
The brain reads by constructing a mental representation of the text based on the placement of the page in the book and the word on the page. The tactile (触觉的) experience of a book aids this process, from the thickness of the pages in your hands as you progress through the story to the placement of a word on the page.
Surveys about the use of e-readers suggests that this affects a reader's sense of control. The inability to turn back to previous pages or control the text physically, either through making written notes or bending pages, limits one's sensory experience and thus reduces long-term memory of the text.
Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear (线状的) fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book by layout.
As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning. A 2006 study found that people read on screens in a "F" pattern, reading the entire top line but then only scanning through the text along the left side of the page. This sort of nonlinear reading reduces comprehension and actually makes it more difficult to focus the next time you sit down with a longer piece of text.
Tufts University neuroscientist Maryanne Wolf worries that "the superficial way we read during the day is affecting us when we have to read with more in-depth processing." Individuals are increasingly finding it difficult to sit down and involve themselves deeply in a novel. As a result, some researchers and literature-lovers have started a "slow reading" movement, as a way to counteract their difficulty making it through a book.
Slow-reading advocates recommend at least 30 to 45 minutes of daily reading away from the distractions of modern technology. By doing so, the brain can reengage with linear reading. The benefits of making slow reading a regular habit are numerous, reducing stress and improving your ability to concentrate.
Reading an old-fashioned novel is also linked to improving sleep. When many of us spend our
days in front of screens, it can be hard to signal to our body that it's time to sleep. By reading a paper book about an hour before bed, your brain enters a new zone, distinct from that enacted by reading on an e-reader.
miss；easy /easier；stressed /anxious /worried；sleep
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阅读纸质书籍有助于对书内容的理解，对比了阅读纸质书籍和电子书籍这两种阅读习惯，说明了慢读和阅读纸质书籍的好处。
（1）考查信息归纳。根据第一段"A 2014 study found that readers of a short mystery story on a Kindle were significantly worse at remembering the order of events than those who read the same story in paperbac k.”；以及第二段“ The brain reads by constructing a mental representation of the text based on the placement of the page in the book and the word on the page. The tactile (触觉的) experience of a book aids this process, from the thickness of the pages in your hands as you progress through the story to the placement of a word on the page"可知，2014年的一项研究发现，在Kindle上阅读一篇短篇侦探小说的读者，相比读平装书上同一篇小说的读者，在记忆情节顺序方面明显逊色很多。大脑在阅读时会根据书页在书中的位置以及单词在书页上的位置构建文本的心理表征。在阅读过程中，你手中逐渐变厚的书页，还是一个单词在页面上所处的位置，纸质书的这类触觉体验都促进了大脑的上述运作过程。所以前两段在主要说明阅读纸质书籍有助于对书内容的理解。故填print。
（2）考查同义转换。根据第二段中的“The tactile (触觉的) experience of a book aids this process”可知，纸质书的这类触觉体验都促进了大脑的上述运作过程。aid可以用contribute
to替换，都表示“有助于”。故填contributes。
（3）考查信息归纳。根据第三段中的"Surveys about the use of e-readers suggests that this affects a reader's sense of control。The inability to turn back to previous pages or control the text physically."可知，关于电子阅读器使用情况的调查显示，这影响了读者的控制感。读者不能翻回到之前的页面，也不能用有形的方式控制文本。所以电子阅读器的使用会影响读者用有形的方式控制文本的能力。故填ability。
（4）考查同义转换。根据第三段中的"…thus reduces long-term memory of the text."可知，因此降低了对文本的长期记忆。所以通过"reduce"可以判断出，unable /fail to do“未能做某事”符合句意。故填unable /fail。
（5）考查归纳概括。根据第四段"Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear (线状的) fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book by lay out. ”；以及第五段中的“As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning."可知，没有互联网的时候，大脑以线状的方式阅读，利用感官细节按版面编排记住书中的关键信息。随着我们越来越多地在屏幕上阅读，我们的阅读习惯已经适应了略读文本而不是真正吸收其含义。所以第四段，第五段在对比两种阅读习惯。故填Explanations /Comparisons。
（6）考查同义转换。根据第四段"Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear (线状的) fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book by layout."可知，没有互联网的时候，大脑以线状的方式阅读，利用感官细节按版面编排记住书中的关键信息。"layout"可用location替换，都表示“位置”。故填location。
（7）考查归纳概括。根据第五段中的"As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning."可知，随着我们越来越多地在屏幕上阅读，我们的阅读习惯已经适应了略读文本而不是真正吸收其含义。所以通过"rather than really absorb its meaning"可知，用miss“错过”概括。故填miss。
（8）考查同义转换。根据第六段中的"As a result, some researchers and literature-lovers have started a "slow reading" movement, as a way to counteract their difficulty making it through a book."可知，因此，一些研究人员和文学爱好者开始了一场“慢读”运动，以抵消他们阅读时的困难。所以通过"counteract their difficulty"可知，用easy /easier“容易的”替换。故填easy /easier。
（9）考查同义转换。根据第七段中的"The benefits of making slow reading a regular habit are numerous, reducing stress and improving your ability to concentrate."可知，养成慢速阅读的习惯有很多好处，可以减轻压力，提高注意力。所以通过"stress"可以判断出，stressed /anxious /worried“焦虑的”可以替换。故填stressed /anxious /worried。
（10）考查信息归纳。根据第八段中的"Reading an old-fashioned novel is also linked to improving sleep"可知，读一本老式小说也有助于改善睡眠。故填sleep。
【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，同义转换和归纳概括三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。
11．任务型阅读
Moving to a foreign country is an amazing, life-changing experience. There are some practical decisions that need to be made.________For me, choosing to live with a French with a French family was the best choice I made, and here is why.
________ When you're in a new environment with people you don't know who are speaking a language you're still not fluent in, you might feel lost, tired and homesick—I know I did.________They showed me which buses to take to get to work, cooked dinner for me so we could eat together, and took me with them on trips to the beach, the theatre and even a bullfight. These were great opportunities to experience French culture and build relationships. They helped me feel more comfortable and welcome.
Living with French people has improved my language skills. Being constantly exposed to real French conversation has allowed me to learn new phrases, widen my vocabulary and even improve my accent. My host family are happy to answer my questions and correct me when I say things wrong.________
The experience of living abroad is one that you will remember forever. Perhaps the friendships, like the memories, will also last.________You might return for their birthdays, weddings, holidays, and much more. I hope to remain in contact with my host family long after I leave France because when I was away from my friends and loves ones, they welcomed me and made me part of their family.
A. One such decision is choosing where to live.
B. You can stay in your own space and privacy.
C. Your host family might become your life-long friends.
D. It makes me a better and more confident French speaker.
E. However, my host family was wonderful and welcoming.
F. A family can help you settle in, stopping you from feeling lonely.
G. It's an opportunity to meet new people, a different culture and another language.
【答案】A；F；E；D；C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者以自己的亲身经历说明去国外时，最好选择住在当地的寄宿家庭。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“There are some practical decisions that need to be made. ”这里提到了需要做一些很实际的决定，故选A。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“When you're in a new environment with people you don't know who are speaking a language you're still not fluent in, you might feel lost, tired and homesick—I know I did.” 这里提到了感到孤独，想家的问题，故选F。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“They showed me which buses to take to get to work, cooked dinner for me so we could eat together, and took me with them on trips to the beach, the theatre and even a bullfight. These were great opportunities to experience French culture and build relationships. They help ed me feel more comfortable and welcome.”这里提到了我的寄宿家庭非常的友好和热情，故选E。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“My host family are happy to answer my questions and correct me when I say things wrong. ”这里提到了当我说错的时候，我的寄
宿家庭很愿意回答我的问题，并且帮我改正我犯的错误，故选D。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Perha ps the friendships, like the memories, will also last.” 这里提到了友谊会持续的问题，故选C。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
12．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
On the surface, one would be hard-pressed to find many similarities between German chancellor Angela Merkel, Bangladeshi prime minister Sheikh Hasina, and Liberian president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf --- except for the fact that they are all female leaders of nations. Merkel, for example, spent more than a decade as a chemist before going into politics, while Hasina, the daughter of Bangladesh's first president, served as her father's political assistant while at college, and Johnson Sirleaf worked at multiple financial institution s before running for vice president. Is there something deeper than they share?
The researcher Susan R. Madsen of Utah Valley University interviewed women in some countries about their paths to leadership. She was surprised by the similarities among the women when they spoke about how they became leaders. "Every single one of them talked about finding their voices and their confidence at dinner-table conversations with their families. Their parents talked about politics, about what was happening in the community, and when the women had something to say, their parents didn't stop them," Madsen said.
As part of a series of interviews on women and leadership, I spoke to three women from different countries who have each become leaders in their respective fields: Agnes lgoye of Uganda, who works with her government to counter human trafficking; Ikram Ben Said, the founder of Tunisian women's rights organization Aswat Nissa; and Sairee Chahal of India, who started a digital platform that helps women get back into the workforce.
All three of my interviewees pointed to the family environment they had been raised in --- particularly a father figure who taught and empowered the women in the family to learn, ask questions, and form their own opinions. Also, mothers broke convention by displaying leadership within the family.
Igoye, for example, credited her father with having the foresight to send his daughters to school despite opposition from others in their village. Her mother went back to school as an adult to improve her career as a teacher, which lgoye described as being a big influence on her. Similarly Ben Said talked about how her father encouraged political debate among the family when she was growing up, even when her opinions contradicted his. Meanwhile, Chahal said that even in her younger days, her parents went against the general convention of expecting their daughters to aim only for a good husband.
Another conclusion from Madsen's work is that women's leadership development doesn't look like men's. "Men tend to follow a more straight path to becoming a leader. Women's paths are much emergent. They tend to not necessarily look ahead and think, ‘I want to be on top.' Women would point to a number of experiences--- motherhood, or working with a non-profit, or sitting on a board, as shaping their path to becoming leaders," she said.