中国传媒大学考博英语阅读真题指导On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville,Ind,home of
David Willianis,52,and of a riverboat casinola place where gambling
games are played.During several years of gambling in that
casino,Williams a state auditor earning$35,000a year,last
approximately$175,000.He had never gambled before the casino sent
him a coupon for$20worth of gambling.
He visited the casino,lost the$20and left.On his second visit
he lost$800.The casino issued to him,as a good customer,a“Fun
Card”,which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks,
and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities.For
Williams,these activities become what he calls“electronic
heroin”.
（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)
(41),In1997he lost$21,000to one slot machine in two days.
In march1997he lost$72,186.He sometimes played two slot machines
at a time,all night,until the boat locked at5a.m,then went back
aboard when the casino opened at9 a.m.Now he is suing the
casino,charging that it should have refused his patronage because
it knew he was addicted.It did know he had a problem.
In march1998,a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily
confined to a treatment center for addictions,and wrote to inform
the casino of Williams’s gamblers.The casinno included a photo of
Williams among those of banned gamblers,and wrote to him a”cease
admissions”letter noting the“medical/psychological”nature of
problem gambling behaviors,the letter said that before being readmitted to the patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.
(42)
The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has20signs warning,“enjoy the fun and always bet with your head,not over it.”Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health.Nevertheless Williams’s suit charged that the casino,knowing he was“helplessly addicted to gambling”intentionally worked to“love”him to “engage in conduct against his will”well.
(43)
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental Disorders says“pathological gambling”involves president, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit loss of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
(44),.Pushed by science,or what claims to be science,society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders skin to physical disabilities
(45)
Forty-four states have lotteries,29have casinos,and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on__you might say addicted to__revenues from wagering.And since the first Internet gambling site was created in1995,competition for gambler’s dollars
has become intense.The Oct.28issue of Newsweek reported that2 million gamblers patronize1,800virtual cosines every week,with $3.5billion being lost on Internet wagers this year,gambling has,passed pornography as the web’s webs most profitable business.
(A).Although no such evidence was preserved,the casino’s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings.And he entered the casino ad used his Fun Card without being detected.(B) It is unclear what luring was required,given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?
(C)By the time he had lost$5,00,he said to himself that if he could get back to even,he would quit,one night he won$5,500,but he did not quit.
(D)Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin,or a social disease.Now it is a social policy,the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.
(E)David Williamds suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.
(F)It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems,often defining as addiction what
earlier,sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
(G)the anoymous,lonely,undistracted nature of online gambling is especaillly conductive to compulsive behavior.But even if the government knew how to more against Internet gambling,what would
be its grounds for doing so?
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑
北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题解析Text4 It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story,“I love My Children,I Hate My Life,”is arousing much chatter–nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling,life-enriching experience.Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable,Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness:instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy,we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,Senior writes that“the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.” （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)毫无疑问，Jennifer Senior在有煸动意味的的杂志封面故事中表达了 她的独到见解，“我爱我的孩子们，我讨厌我的生活”——这唤起了人们 的谈兴。人们一谈到养孩子就会觉得这是一件完全令人愉悦、生活充实的事 情。Jennifer Senior没有指出养孩子到底是使得父母快乐呢还是痛苦呢， 她倒是认为，我们需要重新定义幸福：幸福不应该是一个个瞬间的快乐组合 的可以被衡量的东西;我们应该把幸福视为一种过去式的状态。尽管抚养孩 子的日子漫长难熬，令人筋疲力尽，但是Jennifer Senior认为，正是那些 心绪沉重的时刻，日后却成为我们欢乐的源泉。 The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute
中传考博辅导班：2019中国传媒大学传播学考博难度解析 及经验分享 根据教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心最新公布的第四轮学科评估结果可知，在 2018-2019年传播学专业学校排名中，排名第一的是中国传媒大学，排名第二的是复旦大学，排名第三的是武汉大学。 作为中国传媒大学实施国家“211工程”和“985工程”的重点学科，传播研究院的传播学一级学科在历次全国学科评估中均名列第一。 下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于中国传媒大学传播学考博相关内容。 一、专业介绍 传播学专业培养有宽厚人文社会科学和自然科学基础，掌握传播专业基本理论和技能，具有较强的国际交流和使用现代传媒技术能力，富于创新精神和高度社会责任感的高素质专业人才。 中国传媒大学传播研究院的传播学在博士招生考试科目如下： 传播学（050302） 普通招考初试科目：①1001英语或1002日语或1003俄语选一②2002传播理论与历史 ③3002传播实务 普通招考加试科目（同等学力考生适用）：①4001思想政治理论②5002新闻传播学基础知识③6002传播学论文论著 二、综合考核内容 中国传媒大学传播学专业博士研究生招生综合考核内容为: 综合考核时间为2019年4月上旬（具体时间在我校研究生招生网上另行通知）。 综合考核主要针对申请者的基础理论及专业知识、外语语言应用能力以及综合素质进行考核。 基础理论及专业知识（满分100分）：以笔试方式对基础理论及专业知识、学科前沿知识及专业实践和应用能力进行考核。该考核为合格性考核，考核成绩不计入综合考核总成绩，但低于60分者不予录取。 英语语言应用能力（满分100分）：通过专业英语资料翻译、考核小组交流等方式对考生的英语听说能力及专业文献阅读能力进行考核。
北京大学考博英语阅读理解模拟题 Passage one No agricultural operation has ever been invested with so much glamour as the making of maple syrup.We tapped about two hundred trees,few enough for us to know the personality of each.In a hollow on the south-east corner of the woods was a vast gnarled specimen which always had its three small red buckets full and often running over. I still think of that tree with affection,admiration,and gratitude. On the more exposed westerly side of the wood were almost equally sizeable specimens which scarcely produced a drop.We regarded them with dislike and resentment.Like certain politicians they had successfully divorced promise from performance. Sap in those days was collected in a wooden tub mounted on a sleigh. A circular track wound through the black,silent woods.The horses pulled the tub on the sleighs from point to point along this track. At each stop we fanned out with large pails to collect the sap from the bucket attached to each tree.If the sap was running well there might be a pleasant air of urgency about this task for numerous buckets would be spilling over.The sap was then boiled in a flat rectangular pan,about three feet by six or seven,which sat on a cement arch over a vigorous log fire.Immediately behind the arch,from which the operation could be watched,and with the whole front open to the fire, was the small,tin-roofed shed.There is no aroma on earth like that of boiling sap.In good years it was necessary to boil all night to keep abreast of the run.Then hour after hour the white steam billowed off into the black night or,on occasion,rolled into the shed as a special reward.Neighbors who did not make syrup came across the fields and through the woods to sit and watch the fire and the steam and enjoy the smell.One could take a dipper,dip out a pint or two of the thickening sap,cool it in a snowbank,and drink it all. The flavor of the syrup then produced was far better than what a less fortunate generation now gets.I learned the reason in what I believe was my first introduction to scientific investigation.Two brothers named John and Angus McNabb went into production of maple syrup on a commercial basis:they bought covered buckets and an evaporator and a galvanized tank for the sap and set out to make a quality product.
育明考博 免费咨询报名电话：400-668-6978咨询QQ：493371626（李老师） 2015考博QQ交流群105619820 2015考博QQ英语群335488903 2015考博QQ专业课群157460416 2015长安大学考博英语分析 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。 (3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不
------------------- 时磊忖呎….... . ... ... ------------------- 北京广播学院2003年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题 答题说明：答案与在答题纸上，答在试题纸上无效。 I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (15%) Passage 1 Direction: For questio ns 1-5, you will hear a con versati on betwee n a travel age nt and a girl. Liste n to it and fill out the table with the in formati on you heard. Writ e only one word in each nu mbered box. You will hear the piece only on ce. Passage 2 Direction: Questions 1-4 are based on a talk on wit and humor. You are required to choose the best an swer for each of the questi ons from the four choices give n. You will hear the piece only once. 1. The dist inction betwee n wit and humor is ______ . A. of no particular importa nee B. only a matter of opinion C. subtle D. exact and importa nt 2. The speaker believes that humorous people ______ . A. are agreeable compa nions B. are usually strong C. will take his side in any argume nt D. all of the above. 3. The speaker ' s attitude toward wit can be described as _________ . A. cautious admirati on B. i ndiffere nee C. appreciati on D. disapproval 4. The speaker intends this passage to _______ . A. get rid of the con clusi on betwee n wit and humor completely B. express his pers onal view of wit and humor C. reveal the similarities between wit and humor D. express the good quality of wit and humor
考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷80 (总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00) Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers. Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately — defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day — had an IQ that was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points higher than female teetotalers. The type of alcohol didn't influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake. The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent. "It's very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship," says senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. "We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake. " Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain. If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries. The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.（分数：10.00） (1).The Japanese study was carried out on______.（分数：2.00） A.the development of IQ B.the secret of longevity C.the brain food in a glass D.the amount of healthy drinking (2).The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ in______.（分数：2.00） A.female teetotalers than in male ones B.female drinkers than in male ones C.moderate drinkers D.teetotalers (3).When he says that it is very difficult to show cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that______.（分数：2.00） A.the study failed to involve such variables as income and education B.he is doubtful of the findings of the investigation C.there are some other contributing factors D.the results were just misleading (4).From Shimokata's mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancing intelligence______.（分数：2.00） A.sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheese B.they promote the drinking effect of sake or wine C.they are not as effective as sake and wine D.sake or wine is not alone (5).Based on the study, Shimokata would say that______.（分数：2.00） A.intelligence improves with age
中央民族大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although,in the manner of a disgraced government minister,I covered my exit by claiming“I wanted to spend more time with my family". Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and two novels later,my experiment in what the Americans term"downshifting"has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of“have it all",preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her Geng duo yuan xiao zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life",and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed:12-hour working days,pressured deadlines,the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on“quality time”.
中传考博辅导班：2019中国传媒大学新媒体考博难度解析及经验分 享 根据教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心最新公布的第四轮学科评估结果可知，在2018-2019年新媒体专业学校排名中，排名第一的是中国传媒大学，排名第二的是辽宁传媒大学，排名第三的是西北大学。 作为中国传媒大学实施国家“211工程”和“985工程”的重点学科，广告学院的新媒体一级学科在历次全国学科评估中均名列第一。 下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于中国传媒大学新媒体考博相关内容。 一、专业介绍 新媒体（New Media）是指当下万物皆媒的环境，简单说：新媒体是一种环境。 新媒体涵盖了所有数字化的媒体形式。包括所有数字化的传统媒体、网络媒体、移动端媒体、数字电视、数字报刊杂志等。 一个相对的概念，是报刊、广播、电视等传统媒体以后发展起来的新的媒体形态，包括网络媒体、手机媒体、数字电视等。 新媒体亦是一个宽泛的概念，利用数字技术和网络技术，通过互联网、宽带局域网、无线通信网、卫星等渠道，以及电脑、手机、数字电视机等终端，向用户提供信息和娱乐服务的传播形态。严格地说，新媒体应该称为数字化新媒体。 中国传媒大学广告学院的新媒体专业在博士招生考试科目如下： 新媒体（0503J2） 普通招考初试科目：①1001英语或1002日语或1003俄语选一②2005广告理论与广告史③3006广告传播 普通招考加试科目（同等学力考生适用）：①4001思想政治理论②5006广告实务③6006传媒研究方法 二、综合考核内容 综合考核时间为 2019 年 4 月上旬（具体时间在我校研究生招生网上另行通知）。 综合考核主要针对申请者的基础理论及专业知识、外语语言应用能力以及综合素质进行考核。 基础理论及专业知识（满分 100 分）：以笔试方式对基础理论及专业知识、学科前沿
【三分钟了解中传考博】2019年中国传媒大学电影学考博参考书推荐真题解析录取难度 今日有话说： 艺术院校考博大家会把目光集中在北电、中传、中戏、艺研院等等艺术类院校以及北大清华北师综合类院校，咱们今天给大家整理的是中传考博的一些情况，希望对大家有帮助。 中传的考博主要是分两种形式：申请考核制和考试制。但是申请考核主要是在两个院系：理工学部和协同创新中心。其他院系还是考试制，考外语+两门专业课。 电影学专业招生的学校就比较多了，毕竟属于艺术类的主流专业，后续会一一的给大家整理分析。 关于：考博招生目录 2018年复试分数线：总分185英语44分专业课60分 关于：专业课参考书目 A：电影艺术史论 1.《认识电影》，路易斯·贾内梯，中国电影出版社，1997年，美国 2.《电影剧本写作基础》，悉德·菲尔德，中国电影出版社，2002年，美国 3.《电影的本性》，齐格弗里德·克拉考尔，2006年，德国 4.《艺术创造与艺术教育》，布朗·科赞尼克，滕守尧主编，四川人民出版社，2005年，美国 5.《百年中国电影理论文选》（上册、下册）丁亚平主编文化艺术出版社，2003年，中国 6.《中国电影史》钟大丰中国广播电视出版社 7.《中国电影史》李少白高等教育出版社 8.《外国电影史》郑亚玲中国广播电视出版社 9.《西方电影艺术史略》张专中国广播电视出版社 10.《世界电影理论思潮》游飞、蔡卫中国广播电视出版社 11.《中国优秀电影电视剧赏析》刘书亮北京广播学院出版社 12.《世界经典影片分析与读解》潘桦北京广播电视出版社 13.《当代欧美名片评析》胡克、李迅、李一鸣中国传媒大学出版社 14.《中国电影发展史》，程季华，中国电影出版社，1963年，中国 15.《世界电影史》，乔治·萨杜尔，中国电影出版社，1982年 16.《电影是什么？》，巴赞，文化艺术出版社，2008年，法国 17.《电影语言》，马赛尔·马尔丹，中国电影出版社，1980年，法国
考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编3 (总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00) The United Nations Population Fund has picked October 31 as the day the world will be home to 7 billion people. For better and worse, it's a milestone. And there will be more milestones ahead. Fourteen years from now, there are expected to be 8 billion people on the planet. Most of the growth will occur in the world's poorer countries. Proportionally, Europe's population will decline, while Africa's will increase. At around the same time, India will overtake China as the most populous nation on Earth. The growing global population is just one side of the coin. A recent report from the World Health Organization signaled the seriousness of the human population explosion: more than 3 billion people — about half the world's population — are malnourished. Never before have so many, or such a large proportion, of the world's people been malnourished. And in a growing number of countries there is a seemingly unstoppable march toward sub-replacement fertility, whereby each new generation is less populous than the previous one, and population aging. As a result of declining fertility and increasing longevity, the populations of more and more countries are aging raging rapidly. Between 2005 and 2050, a rise in the population aged 60 years or over will be visible, whereas the number of children(persons under age 15)will decline slightly. Population aging represents, in one sense, a success story for mankind, but it also poses profound challenges to public institutions that must adapt to a changing age structure. The latest national census in China shows the number of elderly people in the country has jumped to more than 13. 3 percent of the population, an increase of nearly 3 percentage points on the percentage from the previous census in 2000. A quarter of the country's population will be over 65 by 2050, according to the National Population and Family Planning Commission. The growing number of elderly is a challenge that the government needs to tackle, we can't rely on the ever-increasing population to support them or maintain the nation's economic growth. Better solutions are needed, such as raising retirement ages to reflect the greater longevity and working capability of today's older adults and making adjustments so pension programs are more accessible. It was heartening to hear the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security spokesperson announced in Beijing on Tuesday that the government will take retirement policy seriously and proactively. Shanghai began testing a flexible retirement system last October. Eligible employees in the private sector are allowed to postpone retirement until the age of 65 for men and 60 for women. Public servants, however, will continue to retire under the present system age 60 for men and 55 for women.（分数：10.00） (1).According to the passage, India will______in 14 years.（分数：2.00） A.be a poorer country B.be the most populous country C.decline in population D.increase investment in Africa (2).What problem will result from the global population explosion?（分数：2.00） A.Population aging. B.Increasing longevity. C.Declining fertility. D.Expanding malnourishment. (3).Population on aging represents the following EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00） A.rapid economic development B.challenge to public in institutions C.success story of mankind
中国传媒大学电影学专业考研(博士)真题(2003-2010) 2010年 电影艺术史论： 1结合可以看得到的费穆电影，谈其影片艺术特色。 2电影符号学 3第六代导演创作特色。 4谈美国歌舞片创作 文艺美学：（印象模糊） 1意境、意格方面的古典美学问题？？ 2政府工作报告中，谈先进文化啥的？？？ 2009年 电影艺术史论： 1电影创作与地域文化的关系（25分） 2简析1958——1960年大量摄制“记录性艺术片”的原因与后果（20’） 3简述精神分析学电影理论（25’） 4分析吴宇森武侠片之艺术特色及其在香港电影中所占的地位（30’）2013年考研辅导报考指南考研大纲解读招生政策解答考研分数线考研数学 文艺美学： 1文艺作品的市场需求与审美价值坚守。（40） 2为什么说意境、气韵等传统美学范式在当代文艺审美意识中仍占有重要地位？（30） 3《傻乐，文化的堕落》中说，今年的《不差钱》中把“艺术细胞”说 成“艺术细菌”博得喝彩，可见大家的傻乐程度到了何种地步，傻乐——傻并快乐着，另一题为《傻乐未必可耻》一文则说，娱乐就是娱乐，未必可耻。如果非要上升到思想高度和文化的深度来批判，那样文化和娱乐才是真正的痛苦。
比较两种文艺观，你意如何？（30’） 影视艺术理论： 1选取一个侧面，谈谈电视艺术与文学的关系（30’） 2以具体的节目或栏目为例，评价电视中的娱乐因素。（30’） 3结合影视作品，谈影视艺术中的民族性特征。（40’） 2008年 电影艺术史论 1举例说明从小说改编为电影的主要特点（25’） 2简析爱森斯坦蒙太奇理论（25’） 3试论1949——1966年中国惊险电影的创作成就和艺术特色（25’） 4试对近年来中国社会现实题材影片创作作出分析与评价。（25’） 文艺美学： 1对西方美学史上提出的“艺术是有意味的形式”的理解（25’） 2为什么说达到感性与理性的统一乃是推动人性回归和提升，使人真正成为人的必由之路？更是人类审美活动的最高目标？（25’） 3如何在文化多元化语境中，坚持用先进文化引领大众审美情趣的提升？（25’） 4自选一部近年来的国产电影大片作出美学分析（25’） 电影艺术理论 1简述爱因汉姆电影理论的主要观点，谈谈你对电影中的形式主义的认识（25’） 2简述“真实电影”和“新纪录电影”的主要区别（25’） 3简述长焦镜头的表现功能（25’） 4目前中国电影创作中的主要问题是什么？（25’）
2009年中国传媒大学考博英语真题及详解 Part Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (20%) （略） Part Ⅱ. Reading Co mprehension (40%) Directions: In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Then carefully and completely fill in the brackets on Answer Sheet ONE corresponding to the answer you choose so that the brackets can not be seen. Passage one: Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage. During the cold war the world was divided into the First, Second and Third Worlds. Those divisions are no longer relevant. It is far more meaningful now to group countries not in terms of their political or economic systems or in terms of their level of economic development but rather in terms of their culture and civilization. What do we mean when we talk of a civilization? A civilization is a cultural entity. Villages, regions, ethnic groups, nationalities, religious groups, all have distinct cultures at different levels of cultural heterogeneity. The culture of a village in
Unit 9 文化教育类 Passage 1（清华大学2008年考博试题） In a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Orleans universities that draw applicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb when it comes to college admissions. The only sure bet, they say, is that this fall’s entering classes—the first since Katrina—will be smaller than usual. In typical years, most college admissions officials can predict fairly by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling in their institutions. Many of the most selective schools require students—who increasingly are applying to multiple institutions—to make their choices by May 1. Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications—about 2,900 to date, compared with 3,500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshmen, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell behind its recruitment schedule. Dillard won’t release numbers, but spokeswoman Maureen Larkins says applications were down and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past. Xavier admissions Dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half of last year’s record 1,014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshmen.