Unit One/Section A
I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1.Charles Babbage;Augusta Ada Byron
2.input;output
3.VLSI
4.workstations;mainframes
5.vacuum;transistors
6.instructions;software
7.digit;eight;byte
8.microminiaturization;chip
II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1.artificial intelligence人工智能
2.paper-tape reader纸带阅读器
3.optical computer光计算机
4.neural network神经网络
5.instruction set指令集
6.parallel processing并行处理
7.difference engine差分机
8.versatile logical element通用逻辑元件
9.silicon substrate硅衬底
10.vacuum tube真空管
11.数据的存储与处理the storage and handling of data
12.超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit
13.中央处理器central processing unit
14.个人计算机personal computer
15.模拟计算机analogue computer
16.数字计算机digital computer
17.通用计算机general-purpose computer
18.处理器芯片processor chip
19.操作指令operating instructions
20.输入设备input device
III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,making
changes if necessary:
We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and
produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital.
They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers.
All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some
indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.
Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the
early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In
fourth-generation
computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches
to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.
IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识别的改进将使计算机的操
作更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存储数据和执行操作的计算。这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有限或完全属于理论范畴。科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。还有一些限制与甚至最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。
Unit Two:Computer Architecture
Unit Two/Section A
I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1.input;output;storage
2.Basic Input/Output System
3.flatbed scanners;hand-held scanners
4.LCD-based
5.dot-matrix printers;inkjet printers
6.disk drives;memory
7.volatile
8.serial;parallel
II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1.function key功能键，操作键
2.voice recognition module语音识别模块
3.touch-sensitive region触敏区
4.address bus地址总线
5.flatbed scanner平板扫描仪
6.dot-matrix printer点阵打印机（针式打印机）
7.parallel connection并行连接
8.cathode ray tube阴极射线管
9.video game电子游戏
10.audio signal音频信号
11.操作系统operating system
12.液晶显示（器）LCD(liquid crystal display)
13.喷墨打印机inkjet printer
14.数据总线data bus
15.串行连接serial connection
16.易失性存储器volatile memory
17.激光打印机laser printer
18.磁盘驱动器disk drive
19.基本输入/输出系统BIOS(Basic Input/Output System)
20.视频显示器video display
III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,making
changes if necessary:
CD-ROM stands for compact disc read-only memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks,
which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical discs use reflected light. On a CD-ROM disc, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy (高低不平的) areas (called
“pits”) on its bottom surface. The CD-ROM disc is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam of
light on these areas. The amount of reflected light determines whether the area represents a 1
or a 0.
Like a commercial CD found in music stores, a CD-ROM is a “read-only” disc.
Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user have access only to the data imprinted (压印) by the publisher.
A single CD-ROM disc can store 650 megabyte s (兆字节) of data. That is equivalent to 451 floppy disks. With that much information on a single disc, the time to retrieve or access
the information is very important. An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is their access rate.
IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
调制解调器是在模拟和数字信号之间进行转换的设备。计算机使用的是数字信号，
这种信号由离散单元组成，通常用一系列1和0表示。模拟信号是连续变化的；声波就是
模拟信号的一个例子。调制解调器经常用于实现计算机之间通过电话线的互相通信。调制解调器将发送端计算机的数字信号转换成可通过电话线传输的模拟信号。信号到达目的地后，另外一个调制解调器重构原来的数字信号，供接收端计算机处理。如果两个调制解调器可同时互相发送数据，那么它们采用的就是全双工工作方式；如果一次只有一个调制解调器可以发送数据，那么它们采用的则是半双工工作方式。
Unit Three:Computer Language and Programming
Unit Three/Section A
I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1.artificial;instructions
2.low-level;high-level
3.machine
4.machine
5.functional;logic
6.statement
7.module
8.digital
II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1.storage register存储寄存器
2.function statement函数语句
3.program statement程序语句
4.object-oriented language面向对象语言
5.assembly language汇编语言
6.intermediate language中间语言，中级语言
7.relational language关系（型）语言
8.artificial language人工语言
9.data declaration数据声明
10.SQL结构化查询语言
11.可执行程序executable program
12.程序模块program module
13.条件语句conditional statement
14.赋值语句assignment statement
15.逻辑语言logic language
16.机器语言machine language
17.函数式语言functional language
18.程序设计语言programming language
19.运行计算机程序run a computer program
20.计算机程序员computer programmer
III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,making
changes if necessary:
A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer. It lets the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.
The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the development of assembly language, which allows programmers to use mnemonics (助记符)
for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are then translated by a program
known as an assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer. Other pieces of system
software known as linking loaders (连接装入程序) combine pieces of assembled code and load them into the machine’s main memory unit, where they are then ready for execution. The
concept of linking separate pieces of code was important, since it allowed “libraries” of
programs to be built up to carry out common tasks—a first step toward the increasingly emphasized notion of software reuse. Assembly language was found to be sufficiently inconvenient that higher-level languages (closer to natural languages) were invented in the
1950s for easier, faster programming; along with them came the need for compilers, programs
that translate high-level language programs into machine code. As programming languages
became more powerful and abstract, building efficient compilers that create high-quality code
in terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science
problem in itself.
IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
面向对象程序设计语言，如C++和Java，基于传统的高级语言，但它们使程序设计
员能够从合作对象集而非命令列表的角度进行思考。诸如圆之类的对象具有像圆的半径一类的属性，以及在计算机屏幕上绘制该对象的命令。一个对象类可以从其他的对象类继承特征。例如，定义正方形的类可以从定义长方形的类那里继承直角等特征。这一套程序设计类简化了程序设计员的工作，带来了更多“可复用的”计算机代码。可复用代码使程序设计员可以使用已经设计、编写和测试的代码。这使得程序设计员的工作变得比较容易，并带来更加可靠和高效的程序。
Unit Four:Software Development
Unit Four/Section A
I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1.application;operating
2.assemblers
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7411489945.html,piler
4.interpreter
5.debugger
6.loop
7.device driver
8.John von Neumann
II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1.inference engine推理机
2.system call系统调用
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7411489945.html,piled language编译执行的语言
4.parallel computing并行计算
5.pattern matching模式匹配
6.memory location存储单元
7.interpreter program解释程序
8.library routine库程序，程序库例行程序
9.intermediate program中间程序，过渡程序
10.source file源文件
11.解释执行的语言interpreted language
12.设备驱动程序device driver
13.源程序source program
14.调试程序debugging program
15.目标代码object code
16.应用程序application program
17.实用程序utility program
18.逻辑程序logic program
19.墨盒ink cartridge
20.程序的存储与执行program storage and execution
III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,making
changes if necessary:
A compiler, in computer science, is a computer program that translates source code into object code. Software engineers write source code using high-level programming languages
that people can understand. Computers cannot directly execute source code, but need a compiler to translate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code. Compilers collect and reorganize (compile) all the instructions in a given set of source code to produce object code. Object code is often the same as or similar to a computer’s machine code. If the object code is the same as the machine language, the computer can run
the program immediately after the compiler produces its translation. If the object code is not
in machine language, other programs—such as assemblers, binders (联编程序), linkers, and
loaders (加载程序)—finish the translation.
Most computer languages use different versions of compilers for different types of computers or operating systems, so one language may have different compilers for personal computers (PC) and Apple Macintosh computers. Many different manufacturers often produce versions of the same programming language, so compilers for a language may vary between manufacturers.
IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
在软件中，错误是指导致程序发生故障或产生不正确结果的编码或逻辑错误。较轻
微的错误，如光标表现异常，会造成不便或带来挫折，但不会对信息产生破坏性影响。
较严重的错误会导致程序“中止”（对命令停止反应），可能使用户别无选择，只能重新启动程序，结果致使任何前面已经做好但尚未保存的工作丢失。两种情况无论是哪一种，程序员都必须凭借称为调试的过程，发现并改正错误。由于错误对重要数据的潜在危险，商用应用程序在发行前要经过尽可能全面的测试与调试。程序发行后发现的较轻微错误在下一次更新时改正；较严重的错误有时可用称为补丁的特殊软件加以修补，以规避问题或减轻其影响。
Unit Five:Software Process
Unit Five/Section A
I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1.off-the-shelf
2.exclusive
3.cascade
4.requirements;integration
5.throwaway
6.immediate;stable
7.reuse-oriented;framework
8.software;compromises
II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1.system specification系统规格说明
2.unit testing单位（或单元、部件）测试
3.software life cycle软件生命周期（或生存周期）
4.system validation testing系统验证测试
5.evolutionary development process演化开发过程
6.simple linear model简单线性模型
7.program unit程序单元
8.throwaway prototype抛弃式原型
9.text formatting正文格式编排，文本格式化
10.system evolution系统演变
11.系统设计范例system design paradigm
12.需求分析与定义requirements analysis and definition
13.探索式编程方法exploratory programming approach
14.系统文件编制system documentation
15.瀑布模型waterfall model
16.系统集成system integration
17.商用现成软件commercial off-the-shelf(或COTS)software
18.基于组件的软件工程component-based software engineering(CBSE)
19.软件维护工具software maintenance tool
20.软件复用software reuse
III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,making
changes if necessary:
There are three different types of software maintenance. Firstly, there is maintenance to repair software faults. Coding errors are usually relatively cheap to correct; design errors are
more expensive as they may involve rewriting several program components. Requirements
errors are the most expensive to repair because of the extensive system redesign that may be
necessary. Secondly, there is maintenance to adapt the software to a different operating environment. This type of maintenance is required when some aspect of the system’s environment such as the hardware, the platform operating system or other support software
changes. The application system must be modified to adapt it to cope with these environmental
changes. And thirdly, there is maintenance to add to or modify the system’s functionality. This type of maintenance is necessary when the system requirements change in response to
organizational or business change. The scale of the changes required to the software is often
much greater than for the other types of maintenance. In practice, there isn’t a clear-cut distinction between these types of maintenance. When you adapt the system to a new environment, you may add functionality to take advantage of new environmental features. Software faults are often exposed because users use the system in unanticipated ways.
Changing the system to accommodate their way of working is the best way to fix these faults.
IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
软件过程比较复杂，而且像所有其他的智能和创造性过程一样，依靠人们作出决定
和判断。由于需要判断和创造性，使软件过程自动化的尝试只取得了有限的成功。计算机辅助软件工程工具可支持软件过程的某些活动。然而，至少是在未来几年内，不可能实现更广泛的软件过程自动化，使软件能够接替参与软件过程的工程师来从事创造性设计。
计算机辅助软件工程工具的有效性有限，原因之一是软件过程多种多样。不存在理
想的过程，而且许多组织机构发展了自己的软件开发方法。这些软件过程不断演变，以利用组织机构中的人员的能力和开发中的系统的具体特点。对于一些系统来说，需要的是一个高度结构化的开发过程，而对于另外一些系统来说，一个灵活敏捷的过程很可能更为有效。
Unit Six:Database
Unit Six/Section A
I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1.flat
2.data
3.application;administrators
4.conceptual
5.tables
6.fragmented;replicated
7.structured
8.entity-relationship;attributes
II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1.end user最终用户，终端用户
2.atomic operation原子操作
3.database administrator数据库管理员
4.relational database model关系数据库模型
5.local data本地数据
6.object-oriented database面向对象数据库
7.database management system(DBMS)数据库管理系统
8.entity-relationship model(ERM)实体关系模型
9.distributed database分布式数据库
10.flat file平面文件
11.二维表two-dimensional table
12.数据属性data attribute
13.数据库对象database object
14.存储设备storage device
15.数据类型data type
16.数据插入与删除data insertion and deletion
17.层次数据库模型hierarchical database model
18.数据库体系结构database architecture
19.关系数据库管理系统relational database management system(RDBMS)
20.全局控制总线global control bus
III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,making
changes if necessary:
A database is any collection of data organized for storage in a computer memory and designed for easy access by authorized users. The data may be in the form of text, numbers, or
encoded graphics. Small databases were first developed or funded by the U.S. government for
agency or professional use. In the 1960s, some databases became commercially available, but
their use was funnelled (传送) through a few so-called research centers that collected information inquiries and handled them in batches. Online databases—that is, databases available to anyone who could link up to them by computer—first appeared in the 1970s. Since their first, experimental appearance in the 1950s, databases have become so important
that they can be found in almost every field of information. Government, military, and industrial databases are often highly restricted, and professional databases are usually of limited interest. A wide range of commercial, governmental, and nonprofit databases are available to the general public, however, and may be used by anyone who owns or has access
to the equipment that they require.
IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
在关系数据库中，表的行表示记录（关于不同项的信息集），列表示字段（一个记
录的特定属性）。在进行搜索时，关系数据库将一个表中的一个字段的信息与另一个表中的一个相应字段的信息进行匹配，以生成将来自这两个表的所要求数据结合起来的另一个表。例如，如果一个表包含EMPLOYEE-ID、LAST-NAME、FIRST-NAME和
HIRE-DATE字段，另一个表包含DEPT、EMPLOYEE-ID和SALARY字段，关系数据库
可匹配这两个表中的EMPLOYEE-ID字段，以找到特定的信息，如所有挣到一定薪水的雇员的姓名或所有在某个日期之后受雇的雇员所属的部门。换言之，关系数据库使用两个表中的匹配值，将一个表中的信息与另一个表中的信息联系起来。微型计算机数据库产品一般是关系数据库。
Unit Seven:Computer Communications
Unit Seven/Section A
I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1.telegraph
2.dots;dashes
3.media
4.point-to-point
5.analog
6.digital
7.text-based
8.modem
II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1.microwave radio微波无线电
2.digital television数字电视
3.DSL数字用户线路
4.analog transmission模拟传输
5.on-screen pointer屏幕上的指针
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7411489945.html,puter terminal计算机终端
7.radio telephone无线电话
8.cellular telephone蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机
9.decentralized network分散型网络
10.wire-based internal network基于导线的内部网络，有线内部网
11.光缆fiber-optic cable
12.传真机fax machine
13.无线通信wireless communications
14.点对点通信point-to-point communications
15.调制电脉冲modulated electrical impulse
16.通信卫星communication(s)satellite
17.电报电键telegraph key
18.传输媒体transmission medium(或media)
19.无绳电话cordless telephone
20.金属导体metal conductor
III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,making
changes if necessary:
Data communications is the process of transmitting and receiving data in an orderly way so the data that arrives at its destination is an accurate duplication (复制) of the data that was
sent. When data travels a short distance, such as when you send data from your computer to
your printer, it is referred to as local communications. When data travels a long distance, the
communication is referred to as telecommunications; the prefix (前缀) “tele” is derived
from a
Greek word that means “far” or “far off.”
The difference between a short distance and a long distance is somewhat arbitrary (武断的). For example, if your computer sends data to a printer in the next room, it is regarded as
local communications; if you phone the person in the next room, you are transmitting data over a telecommunications device. However, the same basic communications concepts apply
to both local communications and telecommunications.
Basic data communications concepts are the building blocks for understanding how data travels on a communications system. These concepts come in handy (派得上用处) when you
install, configure, or upgrade a local area network. In addition, these concepts help you set up
modems, fax machines, and cellular data transfers.IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
个人计算机使用电信来提供传输链路，用于传送音频、视频、文本、软件和多媒体
服务。许多专家认为，这些服务的结合将带来用户对新一代高速、宽带网络的需求。当前，这些音频、视频和文本服务大多通过现有的电话连接使用因特网传送。有些计算机使用综合业务数字网或数字用户线路直接连接到电话网的数字部分，但这要求在用户处有专门的设备。此外，电话及有线电视公司还必须对其线路进行升级，以使其能够进行高速数据传输。在许多地点，有高速数据传输需求的公司和个人现在可选择从电话公司得到数字用户线路服务，从有线电视公司得到光缆调制解调器服务。
计算机专业英语考试试题及答案 一、判断1.(√)The cpu and memory are located on a special circuit beard in the system unit called the montherbocrd2.(√)the main difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe is that supercomputers are designed to execute a few programs as quickly as possible，whereas mainframes are designedto handle many programs running at the same(but at a slower pace)3.(×)Being computer fluent means that you should be able to build a computer yourself.4.(√)Embedded computers are selfcontained computer devices that have therv own programming and do not receive input5.(√)Currently，the performance of tasks by robot is based on preprinted algorithms1.(×)A web browser is a special device that is installed in your computer that allows it to communicate with devices on a network2.(√)data can be a number a word a picture，or a sound3.(√)strictly defined，a computer is a data processing device4.(√)one of the benefits of becoming computer fluent is being a savvy computer user and consumer and knowing how to avoid viruses the programs that pose treats to computer security 。 5(√)trend-spotting programs，developed for business，have been used to predict criminal activity二.写出中文 1.virtual function虚拟函数2.pointer 指针3.cursor 光标4.package 包裹 5. Boot 引导，自举6 TCP/IP 传输攻之协议/互联网协议7 DNS 域名服务8.HTTP 超文本传
计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案 Unit 1 [Ex 1] 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. F [Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; memory 3. central processing unit 4. internal; primary; memory 5. keyboard; central processing unit; main memory; monitor [Ex 3] A. 1. F 2. D 3. G 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. E 8. H B. 1. user 2. monitor 3. data 4. keyboard 5. data processing 6. information 7. computer 8. memory [Ex 4] 1. input device 2. screen, screen 3. manipulates 4. instructions 5. retrieve 6. code 7. hard copy 8. Function [Ex. 5] 新处理器开始IT技术的新时代 New Processors Open New Era of IT Technologies Last week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their presence opens a new era in the field of IT technologies and means that the cloud technology is getting closer. These processors are primarily designed for servers, data centers (DPC) and supercomputers. The emergence of this class of devices is not accidental. According to the regional director of Intel in Russia and other CIS states Dmitri Konash who spoke at the event, the market of IT-technology is developing so rapidly that, according to forecasts, by 2015 there will be 15 billion devices connected to the Internet, and over 3 billion of active users. 上周，英特尔公司向俄罗斯和其它独联体国家的公众推出了英特尔Xeon E5-2600系列处理器，它们更加强大可靠，尤其是在能量消耗方面更加经济实惠。它们的问世意味着IT技术领域开始了一个新时代，标志着云技术距离我们越来越近。 这些处理器主要是为服务器、数字处理中心和超级计算机设计的。这种处理器的出现并非偶然。根据英特尔公司俄罗斯和其他独联体地区负责人Dmitri Konash就此事发表的看法，IT技术市场的发展速度极快，根据预测，到2015年与英特网连接的设施将有150亿，用户超过30亿。 [Ex 6] 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F Unit 2 [Ex 1] 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F [Ex 2] 1. sizes, shapes, processing capabilities
计算机专业英语题库1-0-8
[单选,共用题干题]Atransportlayerprotocolhasseveralresponsibilities,Oneistocreateaprocess-to-processprogram-to- programcommunication;TCPusesport1toaccomplishthis.Anotherresponsibilityofatransportlayerprotocolistocreatea2anderror- controlmechanismatthetransportlevel.TCPusesasliding3protocoltoachieveflowcontrol.Itusestheacknowledgmentpacket,time- out,andretransmissiontoachieve4control.Thetransportlayerisalsoresponsibleforprovidingaconnectionmechanismfortheapplicationprogram.Theapplicationprogramsends5ofdatatothetransportlayer.空白（1）处应选择（） A.A.numbers B.connection C.diagrams D.resources 传输层协议有多个职责。一是创建进程到进程（程序到程序）的通信，由TCP使用端口号来完成；另一个职责是在传输层创建流和差错控制机制。TCP利用滑动窗口 协议来实现流控制。它使用确认分组、超时、重传机制来完成差错控制。传输层也负责为应用程序提供连接机制，应用程序将数据流发送到传输层，发送端的传输 层负责建立于接收端之间的连接。
一、Give out the full names for the following abbreviations(写出下列缩写词的全称)（15%） WAN__________________________________________________ HTTP__________________________________________________ NT____________________________________________________ CEO__________________________________________________ DBMS________________________________________________ ISP___________________________________________________ XML__________________________________________________ BIOS_________________________________________________ IT____________________________________________________ WWW_______________________________________________ 二、Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right )（10%） 1. output devices a. 操作系统 2. silicon b. 扩展存储器 3. expanded memory c. 硅 4. database administrator d. 输出设备 5. operating system e. 汇编语言 6. assembly language f. 数据库管理员 7. gateway g. 数字图像处理 8. laser technology h. 网关 9. digital image processing i. 制造过程 10.manufacturing process j. 激光技术 1. （ ） 6. （ ） 2. （ ） 7. （ ） 3. （ ） 8. （ ）
练习答案 PART ONE Computer Basics Unit 1 My Computer Section A I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1．Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron 2．input; output 3．VLSI 4．workstations; mainframes 5．vacuum; transistors 6．instructions; software 7．digit; eight; byte 8．microminiaturization; chip II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1．artificial intelligence 人工智能 2．paper-tape reader 纸空阅读机 3．optical computer 光学计算机 4．neural network 神经网络 5．instruction set 指令集 6．parallel processing 平行处理 7．difference engine 差分机 8．versatile logical element 通用逻辑器件 9．silicon substrate 硅基 10．vacuum tube 真空管（电子管） 11．t he storage and handling of data 数据的存储与处理 12．very large-scale integrated circuit 超大规模集成电路 13．central processing unit 中央处理器 14．personal computer 个人计算机 15．analogue computer 模拟计算机 16．digital computer 数字计算机 17．general-purpose computer 通用计算机 18．processor chip 处理器芯片 19．operating instructions 操作指令 20．input device 输入设备 III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary: We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.
计算机专业英语模拟2 Ⅰ. Vocabulary（词汇，30分） (一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese.（写出下列词组的汉语，共10分，每题1分） 1. central processing unit（CPU）中央处理器 1. 2. operating system 操作系统 2. 3. electronic spreadsheet 电子表格 4. management information system 管理信息系统 5. electronic commerce 电子商务 6. database 数据库 7. software engineering 软件工程 8. software crisis 软件危机 9. network security 网络安全 10. computer virus 计算机病毒 (二)．Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations.（根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写，共10分，每题1分) 1．随机存储器RAM 2．局域网LAN 3．计算机辅助设计CAD 4．数字视频光盘DVD 5．通用串行总线USB 6．面向对象编程OOP 7．集成开发环境IDE 8．结构化查询语言SQL 9．多文档界面MDI 10．企业之间的电子商务交易方式B2B (三)．Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.（将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配，共10分，每空1分） 1. output b a. 视频 2. high-level language c b. 输出. 3. project window e c. 高级语言 4. black-box testing g d. 应用软件 5. multimedia h e. 工程窗口 6. WWW i f. 系统软件 7.field j g. 黑盒测试 8. application software d h. 多媒体
1.判断题 （）1. Operating system first appeared during the third computer generation. （）2. Unlike the other buses, the address bus always receives data from the CPU; the CPU never reads the address bus. （）3. The main operations of set algebra are complementation, union and intersection. （）4. If an empty stack is popped, we say the stack overflows, which is normally an error. （）5. The CPU can be shared in a sequential manner only. （）6. Freeware is free software with no restriction. （）7. When writing data to memory, the CPU first outputs the data onto the data bus, then outputs the address onto the address bus. （）8．The FORTRAN programming language was developed during the first computer generation. （）9．A stack is a dynamic set that obeys the FIFO property. （）10．Two popular strategies for resource allocation are static allocation and dynamic allocation. （）11．The CPU can be shared in a sequential manner only. （）12. A program written in the assembly language of one microprocessor can run on a computer that has a different microprocessor. （）13. Object-oriented programming(OOP) is a programming language model organized around “objects” rather than “actions” and data rather than logic. （）14. FORTRAN is a particularly good language for processing numerical data, but it does not lend itself very well to organizing large programs. （）15. C++ and Smalltalk are two of the more popular object-oriented programming language. 2.词汇 Vacuum tube 真空管general purpose 通用transistor 晶体管 ：大规模集成电路）Large Scale Integrated Circuit（LSI． VLSI(Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit）：超大规模集成电路 Mainframe 大型机medium-sized computer 中型机minicomputer 小型机 Microcomputer 小型机 machine language 机器语言assembly language 汇编语言high-level language 高级语言Multiprogramming 多道程序设计virtual memory 虚拟存储time-share 分时 Batch system 批处理系统interactive system 交互式系统 Instruction cycle 指令周期 Address bus, data bus, control bus Internal register内部寄存器external register 外部寄存器flag register标志寄存器 Instruction register 指令寄存器program counter程序计数器combinatorial logic组合逻辑Control signal 控制信号instruction code指令代码instruction pipeline指令流水线Bidirectional 双向的unidirectional 单向的 ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit) 算术逻辑单元
计算机专业英语练习参考答案 Unit 1 [Ex 1] 1..F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.T 7.T 8.T 9.T 10.F [Ex 2] 1.input, storage, processing, and output 2. power, speed, memory 3. central processing unit 4. internal, primary, memory 5. keyboard, central processing unit, main memory, monitor [Ex 3] A. 1.F 2.D 3.G 4.C 5.B 6.E 7.H 8.A B. https://www.doczj.com/doc/7411489945.html,er 2.monitor 3.data 4.keyboard 5.data processing 6. information https://www.doczj.com/doc/7411489945.html,puter 8.memory [Ex 4] 1.input device 2. screen, screen 3.manipulates 4.instructions 5.retrieve
6.code 7.hard copy 8.function/code/instruction [Ex 5] 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.F Unit 2 [Ex 1] 1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.T 7.T 8.F [Ex 2] 1. sizes, shapes, processing capabilities 2. supercomputer, mainframe computer, minicomputers, microcomputers 3. mainframe computer 4.microcomputers, storage locations 5. portables, laptop computers/ notebook/palm-sized computer, desktop workstations 6.semiconductor 7. CPU, memory, storage, devices, processing, users 8. microprocessor ship [Ex 3] A. 1.C 2.A 3.H 4.I 5.E 6.F 7.G 8.B
1 工学结合创新教程 计算机专业英语 2014年上半学期计算机专业英语 期末考试试卷（A 卷）答案 一、选择题 Ⅰ. Vocabulary(词汇)(30分) (一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉语。)( 共10分，每题1分) 1. 操作系统 2. 需求分析 3. 网络安全 4. 数据结构 5. 决策支持系统 6. 关系数据库 7. 软件危机 8. 计算机病毒 9. 邮件附件 10． 中央处理器（单元） (二)．Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations.(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。) (共10分，每题1分) 1．DBMS 2．TCP 3．MDI 4．OOP 5．ROM 6．VCD 7．CAD 8．SQL 9．USB 10．B2B （三） Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。)(10分，每空1分) 1． c 6. h
35 项目5 项目9 项目8 项目6 项目7 项目10 2．3．4．5．Ⅱ1． (三)、choose the best answer according to the passage B.(根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。（10分，每题2分） 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C (四) Choose the best answer according to Passage C.（ 根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。10分，每题2分） 1．C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B Ⅲ.Translation.翻译(30分) (一) Translate the following sentences into Chinese.（将下列句子翻译成汉语。）（共20分，每题5分） 1.开发一个软件产品，开发过程分为五个步骤：需求分析和说明，设计，写代码，测试和维护。 2.功能测试检验的是用有效的输入是否能够得到所期望的输出。+ 3. EDI 指的是两个公司之间通过私有网络使用特定、结构化的格式电子交换商业信息。 4．一些应用软件，例如Word ，允许几个窗口同时在一个叫做MDI 的模式下存在，你能够在一个软件中打开多个文档。 (二) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.（将下段文章翻译成汉语。）（共10分） 高级语言是一种人造语言，使用它我们可以写不同的指令。这成为可能不是因为计算机处理器如今是如此的技术先进以至于它们可以理解这些语言。你需要将这些语言翻译成计算机处理器能够理解的机器语言。编译器能够完成这项工作。这就意味着高级语言程序不是直接可
1 6. 计算机专业英语试题 2 I . Vocabulary （词汇）（30 分） （一） .Tran slate the follow ing words and expressio ns into Chi nese （写出下列词组的 汉语。）（共 10 分，每题 1 分） 1. operati ng system _______________________________ 2. white box testi ng _______________________________ 3. hard disk ________________________________ 4. man ageme nt in formatio n system ______________________________ 5. electr onic commerce _______________________________ 6. relati onal database ________________________________ 7. software engin eeri ng ______________________________ 8. .software maintenance _________________________________ 9. menu bar 10. network security （二） .Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations. （根据汉语写出相应的 英语缩写。） （共 10分，每 题1分） 2. _ 广域网 4 .文件传送［输］协 6 .面向对象编程 8 .结构化查询语言 10 .开放系统互 （三） Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right 1. applicati on software a. 音频 2. mach ine Ian guage b. 应用软件 3. structured program ming c. 机器语言 4. functional test ing d. 软件测试 5. memory e. 结构化程序设计 6. relati onal database f. 内存 7. firewall g. 功能测试 8. software test ing h. 关系数据库 9. hacker i. 黑客 10. audio j. 防火墙 column.（将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。 1.只读存储器 ________________________ 3.传输控制协议 ______________________ 5.通用串行总线 ______________________ 7.集成开发环境 _____________________ 9.数据库管理系统 ____________________ ）（10分，每空1分）
计算机专业英语 一、请将下列英文专业术语翻译成汉语。（每小题1分，共10分） 1.integrated circuits 2.operation code 3.instruction 4.simulation 5.EDI 6.baud 7.portability 8.video conferencing 9.access control 二、请将下列汉语专业术语翻译成英文。（每小题1分，共10分） 1.加密 2.密钥 3.综合业务数字网 4.频分多路复用 5.信元 6.用户界面 7.关系结构 8.解释程序 9.流程图 三、请将下列专业术语和相应的解释进行匹配。（每小题2分，共20分） 1. ________decrypting 2. ________certification 3. ________packet switching
4. ________navigation 5. ________TDM 6. ________viewer 7. ________multimedia 8. ________virtual circuit 9. ________DBMS 10. _______binding a. The authoritative act of documenting compliance with agreed requirements. b. The process of restoring encrypted information to readability. c. A technique used so that transmission can continue on an alternative path in the event of a node failure or congestion. d. A form of space-division switching in which each input line is a TDM stream. The switch configuration may change for each time slot. e. The division of a transmission facility into multiple channels by allotting the facility to different channels, one at a time. f. A method of transmitting messages through a communications network, in which long messages are subdivided into short packets. Each packet is passed from source to destination through intermediate nodes. At each node, the entire message is received, stored briefly, and then passed on to the next node. g. A facility in which the customer leases circuits and, sometimes, switching capacity for the customer ‘s exclusive use. Access may be provided to a public switched telecommunications service. h. A class that serves as the basis for inheritance. A base class is the superclass for all its derived classes. i. The match between a message received by an object and one of its methods. Can be done static, that is, at compile-time, or dynamic, that is, at run-time. j. a request to perform a method for an object. A message results in the invocation of the method. The message contains a selector that identifies the method and any parameters from the method. k. A collection of one or more files treated as a whole unit. l. Software that organizes, manipulates, and retrieves data stored in a database. m. A specialized version of a program that allows you to view documents created
习题+答案 2.1 Write T or F to each stateme nt T6. An asynchronous device is a clocked device. T7. A latch is an asynchronous device, because it functions at arbitrary times. T8. The repetiti on of clock pulse can vary from very low rate to very high rate. T9. A synchronous device changes its state only on the arrival of a clock pulse. F10. A clock in put may occur at any time. T11. The clock pulses are used to synchronize all operations of the shift register. T13. A uni direct ional shift register is capable of shift ing in one direct ion only. F14. I n a shift-left register the serial in put determ ines what goes into the leftmost position during the shift register. F15. To provide parallel tran sfer capability some additi onal in put and output lines should be provided to the shift register. Choose the best an swer for each of the follow ing 1. How can the output of a logic gate be en ergized? C A By cha nging its in puts. B By rema ining its in puts un cha nged. C By meet ing the specific in put con diti on. D By givi ng a pulse. 3. A NAND gate con sists of D . A an OR gate followed by an in verter B an AND gate followed by an in verter C an AN D gate followed by an OR gate D an in verter followed by an AND gate 4. Un der what con diti on is the output of a two-i nput XOR gate logic-high? B A Its in puts are simulta neously at the same logic level. B Its in puts are simulta neously at opposite logic levels. C Its in puts are logic-low. D its in puts are simulta neously logic-high. 2.2 Write T or F for each stateme nt T 1. The CPU uses the in put and output un its to com muni cate with the outside world. F2. Main memory is sometimes called exter nal memory. F3. After execution the program and the related files of data and files of information will be retained in the main memory for later use. F4. Personal computers have not the features of the larger system.. T5. Large systems offer higher process ing speeds for user and retur n more data tha n PCs.
计算机专业英语 模拟试题二参考答案 一、词汇（选择一个最合适的词汇，将对应的英文字母填入空格内。每题2分，共20分） 1、A B is used to communicate with another computer over telephone lines. A. keyboard B. modem C. mouse D. printer 2、A C is a device that enables the computer to handle sounds. A. network card B. video card C. sound card D. monitor 3、 A is a word processing tool that helps you to create quality documents. A. Word 2000 B. Outlook 2000 C. Access 2000 D. Excel 2000 4、 D is a fast and powerful operating system, based on the UNIX O.S. A. Windows 2000 B. Office 2000 C. Windows 98 D. Linux 5、The OSI model has D layers. A. four B. five C. six D. seven 6、The purpose of the A is to provide fully integrated analog services to users. A. ISDN B. WWW C. FTP D. HTTP 7、Which one is not a computer languages? B A. word 2000 B. PASCAL C. C D. C++ 8、The C turns the object file into an executable program. A. linker B. compiler C. interpreter D. computer 9、The RGB value is composed of A components. A. one B. two C. three D. four 10、 A virus is a A . A. program B. computer C. bad man D. beast 二、语法──单项选择题（每小题1.5分，共15分） 1、With Windows, you can run several powerful applications at once and switch quickly B them. A. between B. among C. in D. on 2、He doesn’t mind A her birthday party.