四、语法详解
否定陈述
否定陈述即含有否定词的陈述句。
否定陈述可经常被用来纠正一个错误的观念。
例：
金钱买不来幸福。
在这个句子中，金钱买来幸福的错误观念得到了改正。
否定陈述的构成形式
1.助动词+not构成
例：
他们不可能是去年写的。
I don’t think so.我不这样认为。
He does not have lunch at
他不在家里吃午饭。
2.用具有否定意义的词表达
常用的否定意义的词有no（不；没有）none(无人；没有任何东西)nobody(没人；谁也不)，nothing（没有东西；什么也没有）,nowhere(哪儿也不),nohow（绝不；毫不）,nowise(一点儿也不),neither（两者皆不），never（永不；从不），dislike（不喜欢）,disagree（不同意），useless （没有用）,unimportant（不重要），及短语out of…,far from…,too…to…等：
No one is in the classroom.教室里没人。
I like neither.两个我都不喜欢。
He never tells a lie.他从不撒谎。
The book is useless.这本书没有用。
She dislikes him.她不喜欢他。
The machine is out of work.这台机器不能工作了。
He is too young to go to school.她太小，还不能上学。
注意：有时not与带有否定前缀的形容词连用，可表示一种肯定意义。
例：It’
发现她在读报纸是常见的事。
3.有些总括性代词、形容词或副词等和not连用时，表示半否定（也称部分否定）；这类总括词有all（一切；全体），both（二者；两）,each或every（每个；人人），everyone(每个人；人人),everything(每件事；每件东西),everywhere（每个地方；各地）,always(总是),altogether
（全体）,wholly（全部）等：
Both are not correct.(或
并非两个都对。（只有一个对。）
比较：Neither is correct.两个都不对。
Such a thing can’
这种事并非到处可见。
比较：Such a thing can be found nowhere.(或can’
这种事什么地方也见不到。
总括性单词和带有否定意义的前后缀的单词连用，谓语动词使用肯定式，意思为完全否定：
Both are useless.两者都没用。
We all dislike him.我们都不喜欢他。
4.有些具有半否定意义的词表示否定。这类半否定词有hardly（几乎不）,seldom（很少）,little （几乎没有）,few（很少），nearly加否定词（几乎没有），almost加否定词（几乎不）等：
他很少迟到。
当时很少有人能干这事。
5.有时也可以用一些带有否定意义的短语来表达否定。常见的有：far from,unless,free from,would rather…than等：
Unless you read the novel yourself,you’
除非你亲自读小说，否则你不会知道结局怎样。
6.有时if/whether从句里面也可加not来表示附加否定。
I wonder whether/if I shouldn’
我想知道我是否该带雨伞。
活学巧用
单项填空
1.We couldn’
A.all;no
C.none;any
提示：由句意：“我们身上都没带钱”，知句子应用完全否定，排除A、B两项。又no one 不能与of连用，所以选C项。
答案：
2.(经典回放)Both teams were in hard training;
A.either
C.another
提示：句意：“两队都在刻苦训练，谁也不愿输掉比赛。”“两者都不”应用neither。
答案：
3.—Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
—I’
A.either
B.neither
C.some
提示：句意：“你星期一还是星期二来？恐怕哪天也不行。”根据I’m afraid，因为原句给出的选择是两者，所以“两者都不”使用表否定的词，用neither。
答案：
4.I agree with most of what you said,but I don’
A.everything
提示：句意：“我同意你说的大部分，但我并非同意全部。”句意应用部分否定，如选B项则是完全否定。
答案：
A.hasn’
C.doesn’
提示：句意：“他很少在学校吃饭，是吗？”seldom构成的句子为否定句，反意问句应用肯定形式。
答案：D
6.（经典回放）I won’t let you in________you show me the written permission of the
A.apart from
C.except
提示：句意：“除非你给我看你长官的书面允许，否则我不能让你进去。”而A、C、D三项都是介词。
答案：
7.（经典回放）
A.admit
C.admitting
D.to admit
提示：句意：“她除了向老师承认她错了，别无办法。”could do nothing but do“除……之外不能做某事。
答案：
8.（经典回放）
A.except
C.except that
提示：句意：“对于这个年轻女人，我除了知道她来自北京之外，别的一无所知。”A、B、D
三项均为介词后不加句子。
答案：
高中英语学习材料 madeofjingetieji 盐城市龙冈中学牛津高中英语模块一测试题 命题人：程永华 第一卷(选择题，共75分) I.听力（共两节，满分20分） 第一节（共5小题；满分5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.How much is the skirt? A.$19.15. B.$9.15. C.$9.50 2.What are the two speakers doing? A.They are having a rest. B.They want to have dinner. C.They are hiking on a hill. 3.What does the man mean? A.He doesn't like Chinese food. B.He doesn't want to eat out. C.He wants to pay for the meal. 4.What did the man do yesterday evening? A.He had dinner with his friend. B.He visited a friend. C.He saw a film. 5.When does Mr Brown have to be at the airport? A.At 8:30. B.At 9:30. C.At 10:30. 第二节（共15小题，满分15分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。 6.What kind of color TV does the woman want to buy? A.A small one. B.A big one. C.A cheap one. 7.What's the man's opinion about buying a TV? A.The woman should buy a small one. B.The woman should buy a big one. C.The woman should buy a cheap one. 8.Why does the man give the woman such a suggestion? A.Because the big one is too expensive. B.Because she will have to change it in a few years. C.Because her sitting room isn't very big. 听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。 9.Where is the boy going to spend his holiday? A.In the city. B.In his hometown. C.Abroad. 10.What will he do there? A.Do some farm work. B.Study at home. C.Do some housework. 11.Which of the following is TRUE? A.The girl knows how to farm. B.The boy's grandparents don't live in the city. C.The boy's school is in the country. 听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。 12.What are the man and the woman looking for? A.A comfortable hotel. B.A modern hotel. C.A cheap hotel. 13.Where could the man and the woman find the hotel they need? A.Next to the bank. B.A two minutes' drive to the west. C.On the left side of the street.
外研版高中英语必修8 全册教学设计教案
目录 Module 1 Deep South Period II Module 1 Deep South Period III Module 1 Deep South Period IV Module 1 Deep South Period V Module 1 Deep South Period VI Module 1 Deep South Period Ⅰ Module 1《Deep South》 Module 2 The Renaissance--cultural corner and task Module 2 The Renaissance--function and grammar Module 2 The Renaissance--reading and vocabulary 1 Module 2 The Renaissance--reading practice Module 2 The Renaissance--Vocabulary and writing Module 2 The Renaissance--word list and introduction Module 3 Foreign Food--function and grammar Module 3 Foreign Food--reading and vocabulary Module 3 Foreign Food--reading practice Module 3 Foreign Food--vocabulary and writing Module 3 Foreign Food--word list and introduction Module 4 Which English--Cultural corner Module 4 Which English--Grammar Module 4 Which English--Introduction Module 4 Which English--Listening Everyday English Speaking Module 4 Which English--Reading and Vocabulary Module 4 Which English--Reading Practice Module 4 Which English--Speaking-Reading and Vocabulary (2)-Writing-Task Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Introduction Reading and speaking Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Listening Everyday English Speaking Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Reading and Vocabulary Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Grammar Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Reading and Vocabulary (2) Writing Task Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Reading Practice Module 6 《War and Peace-grammer》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Introduction》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Language Points》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Reading and writing》
牛津译林版高一英语高频知识点总结 重点句型 1．“So + be／have／助动词／情态动词＋主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的，“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句，则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。 例如He’s tired，and so am I．(＝I’ m also tired．) You can swim，and so can I．(＝I can also swim．) She has had supper，and so can I．(＝I’ve had lunch，too．) Tom speaks English，and so does his sister．(＝His sister speaks English，too．) A: I went to the park yesterday． B: So did I．(＝I also went to the park yesterday．) 2．“So +主语+be／have／助动词／情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序，so相当于indeed,certainly,表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实，语气较强，意思是“确实如此”。 例如 A：It was cold yesterday．昨天很冷。B：So it was．的确如此。(＝Yes，it was．) A：You seem to like sports．B：So I do．(＝Yes，I do．) A：It will be fine tomorrow．B：So it will．(＝Yes ，it will．) 3．“主语+do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重复。 My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I han ded in my composition on time.) 语文老师叫我按时交作文, 我照办了。 4．So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示“……(的情况)也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时，要表示相同情况，必须使用本句型，不能使用so 引起的倒装句。 She doesn’t play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister. 5、There you are. 行了，好。 这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。如：
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 人教版高中英语单词表选修八-带音标人敃版高中英语卑词表选修八Unit 1 California /’kli’f ?:nj?/ n.加利福尼亚Californian /’kli’f?:nj?n/ n.adj.加利福尼亚(州)人(癿) illustrate /’il?streit/ vt.说明；阐明distinct /dis’ti?kt/ adj.清晰癿；明显癿；明确癿 distinction /dis’ti?k??n/ n.巩别；区分；卐著immigrant /’imigr?nt/ n.秱民 live on 继续存在；继续生存 strait /streit/ n.海峡 Bering Strait n.白令海峡Arctic /’ɑ:ktik/ adj.北枀癿；北枀区癿 the Arctic 北枀 means /mi:nz/ n.手段；斱法 by means of... 用...办法；借劣... prehistoric /’pri:hi’st?:rik/ adj.史前癿majority /m?’d??riti/ n.大多数；大半ministry /’ministri/ n.(政府癿)部；(全体)牧师Catholic /’k?lik/ adj.天主敃癿 n.天主敃徒 Alaska /?’lsk?/ n.阿拉斯加(州) San Francisco 圣弗兰西斯科(旧釐山) adventurer /?d’vent??r?/ n.冎险家 make a life 习惯于新癿生活斱式、工作等despite /dis’pait/ prep.尽管；不管hardship /’hɑ:d?ip/ n.苦难；困苦elect /i’lekt/ vt.选择；决定做某事；选丼某人federal /’fed?r?l/ adj.联邦制癿；联邦政府癿 rail /reil/ n.铁路；扶手；横条 percentage /p ?’sentid?/ n.百分比；百分率 Los Angeles 洛杉机Italy /’it ?li/ n.意大利Italian /i’tlj?n/ n.意大利人；意大利语 adj.意大利人癿；意大利语癿Denmark /’denmɑ:k/ n.丹麦 keep up 坚 1/ 13
一、词汇拓展 1．适应，改编v.____________；适应，改编本n.____________；能适应的adj.___ __________ 2．误会n. &v.________；(过去式)________；(过去分词)________；错误的adj.________ 3．恐怖，恐惧n.__________；可怕的，恐怖的adj.__________；可怕地adv.__________ 4．犹豫，踌躇v._________________；犹豫，迟疑n.________________ 5 编排，分类v．_____________；编排，分类n．_____________ 6．使作呕，反感，厌恶v.________；使人反感的adj.________；感到反感的adj.________ 7. ___________ n. 舒适; 安慰vt. 安慰_____________ adj. 不舒服的; 不安的 8. _______n. 羊毛; 毛线; 毛织品_______ adj. 毛纺的; 纯毛的 9. ________ adj. 经典的n. 经典著作_______ adj. 古典的, 典雅的, 经典的 二、短语(从Reading 1 和 Reading 2 中找出以下短语) 1. (某人)冒充…____________________ 2. 结识,与…相见___________________ 3. 惊愕地_________________________ 4. 一般来说________________________ 5. 就…来说,从…角度 ______________ 6. 带…进来________________________ 7. 几天前 _________________________ 8. 带走,拿走_____________________ 9. 需要 _____________________ 10.透露身份,显露(本来面目)____________ 11. 伪装, 乔装 _________________ 12. 毫不犹豫 ____________________ 13. 把..误认为 _________________ 14. 要是…怎么办 ________________ 15. 优于… _____________________ 16. 打赌 ________________________ 17. 注定… _____________________ 18. 使…相信… ___________________ 19.采取有效措施 _____________________ 20. 根据…把..分类 ________________ 21. (声音、画面)逐渐模糊_____________ 22.用…的声音___________________ 23.自以为是 _______________________ 24. 移交 ______________________ 三、语言点 1. adaptation n. 改编本；适应性 adaptation to 对……的适应 adapt vt.使适应(合)；修改,改编 vi. (to)适应 adapt oneself to 使适应；使适合 1)这部戏剧是一部短篇小说的改编本。 ___________________________________________________________. 2)动物对环境的适应是相当慢的。 ___________________________________________________________. 3)He tried hard to______________________(使自己适应) the new conditions. 4)He made a quick ____________________(适应) the new environment. 5)When they moved to Canada, the children _____________(适应) the change very well. 2. hesitate vi. 犹豫；踌躇 (1)hesitate to do sth.迟疑做某事，不愿做某事 hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth.(做)某事犹豫不决 hesitate about＋疑问词＋to do sth.做某事犹豫不决 (2)hesitation n．踌躇，犹豫 without hesitation毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事
Unit four Pygmalion The First Period Warming up 一．Aims: Teaching goals 教学目标 1. Target language目标语言： 重点词汇和短语adaptation, plot, professor, Pygmalion 2. Ability goals能力目标 Enable the students to talk about the Greek story Pygmalion 二．Contents: Ask Students to look at a group of three pictures and try to describe them in their own words. T: Yes, today we are going to learn about a Greek story Pygmalion. First, look at the pictures on page 28. Please work in pairs and work out the story. S1: Let me try. Pygmalion was a very gifted artist. He spent a long time making a stone statue of a beautiful woman. It was so beautiful that he couldn’t help loving it and wanted it to be his wife. T: What problems do you think they will have? S1: Maybe they can’t understand ea ch other, because they come from different world. S2: It’s very hard for Pygmalion to understand his wife, because his wife is made form a stone. She doesn’t know the words, behavior, anything about him.… Step III Discussion Make a brief introduction about Shaw. T: George Bernard Shaw, Irish dramatist, literary critic, a socialist spokesman, and a leading figure in the 20th century theater. Shaw was a freethinker, defenders of women’s rights, and advocate of equality of income,. In 1925 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Shaw accepted the honor, but refused the money. He was a very humorous playwright. Here is a story about him. One day, Shaw took part in a grand party, in which he met the then Prime Minister Churchill. Churchill was very fat at that time whereas Shaw was very thin. Churchill said to Shaw very sharply, “When people see you, they will know how poor your country is”. And then Shaw answered very quickly, “When people see you, they will know the reason why our country is so poor.” Fro m it we can see how witty Shaw is!
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions The First Period Reading Teaching goals教学目标 1. Target language目标语言 a. 重点词汇和短语 patent, distinguish, product, power, perfume, cube, abrupt, abruptly, convenient, expectation, monitor, passive, criterion, valid, application, file, rod, call up, now and then, set about, in case 2. Ability goals Enable the students to describe the problem of the snakes and what has been done by the writer to solve the problem. 3. Learning ability goals Help the students to learn how to retell the story and how to meet the requirements of getting a patent. 4. Emotional goals Make the students try to be good at discovering some useful things and realize that it’s not easy to get a patent. Teaching important points 教学重点 To get the main idea of the whole passage and each parts. Teaching difficult points 教学难点 Learn how to meet the requirements of getting a patent. Teaching methods 教学方法 Reading and Task-based activities. Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式 Step Ⅰ warming up Deal with the part of warming up and ask the students to find out the definitions of discovery and an invention, and their differences. An invention is something that is created by a human being, such as the lightning rod. To the contrary, a discovery merely makes known something that already existed in nature, such as the discovery on the New Continent by Columbia. Step Ⅱ Pre-reading
Teaching plan for Unit 2 “Growing Pains” Period 1 Welcome to this unit Teaching objectives: ◆To introduce and develop the theme of growing pains. ◆To develop speaking ability by talking about families and problems that happen between teenagers and parents. ◆To know more about classmates and their families. Important and difficult points: ◆Get students to understand what growing pains means. ◆Make students know the relationship between parents and their teenage children in the USA. ◆Help students to form a positive attitude towards relationships between their parents and them. Teaching procedures: Step 1 lead-in Present family albums: In this part, Ss are encouraged to say something about their families by showing the class pictures with their parents. Who may have growing pains? What are Growing pains? When do they probably have growing pains? How do you solve this problem? Growing pains aren't a disease. You probably won't have to go to the doctor for them. But they can hurt. Usually they happen when kids are between the ages of 3 and 5 or 8 and 12. Growing pains stop when kids stop growing. By the teen years, most kids don't get growing pains anymore. Growing pains also mean the troubles and difficulties that teenagers meet when they grow up. Step 2 Brainstorming Do you love your parents? Do you always show respect to your parents? Have you ever quarreled with your parents? What is your quarrel about? Step 3 Picture discussion Ask Ss to look at the pictures and discuss each picture in groups of four. Picture 1 What does the boy do? What is the mother doing? How is she probably feeling? What feelings may the boy have? Picture 2 What happens to the girl with a bag? What did her parents ask her to do? Can you guess what might have happened to her? What will she do? Picture 3 Why are the boys and girls around the pretty lady? What does the boy want to do? Is he allowed to do so? Why or why not? What feelings may the boy have? Picture 4
必修1 Unit 1 Friendship 语法点直接引语与间接引语Ⅰ（陈述和疑问语序) 考点1. 辨别宾语从句 2. 宾语从句连接词选用。 3. 宾语从句用陈述语序。 存在的问题1.分不清主句和宾语从句。 2. 不能根据句意选择正确连接词。 3. 疑问语序和陈述语序的辨别。 Unit 2 English around the world 语法点进行时用法总结 考点1. 进行时表正在进行的动作或存在的状态 2. 进行时表将来 存在的问题1. 进行时的正确结构不明确。 2. 进行表将来和将来表将来的异同点不明确。 Unit 3 Travel journal 语法点进行时用法总结 考点1. 进行时表正在进行的动作或存在的状态 2. 进行时表将来 存在的问题1. 进行时的正确结构不明确。 2. 进行表将来和将来表将来的异同点不明确。 Unit 4 Earthquakes 语法点定语从句Ⅰ(关系代词)
考点1. 定语从句辨别。 2. 定语从句中先行词的辨别。 3. 定语从句中选用关系代词。 存在的问题1. 主从复合句中分不清主句和定语从句。 2. 找不出定语从句的先行词 3. 分辨不清先行词在定语从句中担当句子成分Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero 语法点定语从句Ⅱ（关系副词） 考点1. 定语从句辨别。 2. 定语从句中先行词的辨别。 3. 定语从句中选用关系副词。 存在的问题1. 找不出定语从句的先行词 2. 分辨不清先行词在定语从句中担当句子成分 必修2 Unit1 Cultural relics 语法点限制定从和非限定从 考点1. 辨别定从和非限定从 2. that 不能用于非限定从 3. as与which 引导非限定从的区别 存在的问题1. 关系代词和关系副词的选择 2. 分不清关系副词也能引导非限定从 Unit 2 The Olympic Games 语法点一般将来时的被动语态
Unit 1 A land of diversity Period 6 Using Language: Reading and writing Teaching aims: 1.Improve the students’ reading ability (skimming and scanning). 2.Enable the students to grasp the useful words and expressions. 3.Practise the students’ writing. Teaching important and difficult points: 1.Improve the students’ reading ability (skimming and scanning). 2.Enable the students to grasp the useful words and expressions. Teaching methods: Reading, discussion, enjoying. Teaching procedures: Step1 Quickly read George’s diary, write the day he saw these things under the photos. Step2 Read George’s carefully and answer the questions. 1. Why did Andrew Hallidie invent the cable car system? 2. Where did George eat lunch on his first day in San Francisco? 3. Why did George hire a car? Why do you think he joined up with Terri and Peter? 4. Name three things that visitors can do in Chinatown. 5. What is Alcatraz Island famous for? Answers: 1.Because he saw a terrible accident in which a tram
牛津高中英语模块一（第1讲） 【教学容与教学要求】 一、教学容： 牛津高中英语模块一Unit 1 （上） 二、教学要求： 1．掌握和校园生活有关的常用单词、词组与句型。 2．学会描述校园生活和学校设施。 High school is a time of discovery, learning and hard work!高中是探索、学习和辛勤劳动的时期 Huge campus and low-rise building 学校面积大，没有高层建筑。 Twelve laboratories are available for different experiments.12个实验室可供不同试验使用。Each room comes with its own bothroom and Internet access.每个房间都有自己的卫生间和英特网接口。 3．学习阅读技巧：skimming&scanning。 4．语法：定语从句（一） 【知识重点与学习难点】 一、重要单词： access achieve attend assembly article available average canteen club challenging context donate display experience extra graduate gym heading locker low-rise literature poster relax 二、重点词组： class teacher 班主任at ease with 和….相处不拘束school hours学校作息时间earn respect from 赢得…的尊敬sound like听起来象for free 免费get a general idea 了解大意as well as 除….以外, 也key words 关键词word by word 逐字逐句地find one’s way around 认识路develop an interest in 培养对….的兴趣surf the Internet网上冲浪
Unit1 课内练习答案（P3 Comprehending 1） 1. First settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America. These people are now known as Native Americans. 2. Spanish soldiers arrived in South America. 3. California became part of Mexico. 4. The US declared war on Mexico. 5. Gold was discovered in California. 6. California became the 31st state of the US. P3Ex.2 第一行： in the early 16th century early 1800s 1800s 第二行： late 1840s / early 1850s in the late 19th century 1911 第三行： 1920s beginning of the 20th century from about the 1970s 第四行： from about the 1970s in more recent decades from about the 1970s P4Ex.1（learning about language） Adjective major Italian hard Korean racial Pakistani distinct Danish Noun majority Italy hardship Korea race Pakistan distinction Denmark P4Ex.2 1federal 2Catholic 3majority 4Ministry 5boom 6Italy 7distinction 8hardships 9Korea 10elected P4Ex.3 Arctic, Strait, crossing, by means of, rail, making a life, aircraft P5 Ex.3；P6Ex.2 P5 Ex.3
选修八Unit4 Pygmalion Period3 Grammar 一、教学内容分析 分词作状语是高考考查的热点和重要考点，其热点考查内容如下： 过去分词兼有动词?副词和形容词的特征。过去分词作状语时，表示被动的或已完成的动作，在句中可作时间?原因?条件?让步?方式?伴随状语等。掌握过去分词作状语可从以下几个方面考虑。 二、教学重、难点 1.过去分词作状语的构成； 2.过去分词的不规则变化的识记； 3.复习独立主格； 4.过分分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别。 三、教学过程 Step1: lead in The teacher walked into the office, followed by a few students.(伴随或方式状语) Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like an elephant.(时间或条件状语) Step2:presentation 1. 过去分词作状语时与句子的主语的关系 1）过去分词作状语时，过去分词与主句中的主语形成逻辑上的被动关系，有时也表示动作已完成。例如：Seen in the dark night，lights on top of tall buildings look like stars in the sky. (seen表示被动，分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生) Scolded by the teacher，the girl began to cry. 被老师责怪，女孩哭了起来。(scolded表示被动且动作已完成) 2）有些过去分词已经形成了系表结构，因此他们作状语时与主句的主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，但仍然用过去分词形式。例如： Lost in thought，she nearly ran into a tree. 陷入沉思，她差点撞到树上。 (lost意为“迷失的”，与逻辑主语连接起来相当于Because she was lost…，作原因状语)与lost类似的过去分词还有disappointed，dressed，determined，devoted，tired，exhausted，prepared，seated，
Unit 1 1.Adj. 有乐趣的，令人愉快的 2.n.& vt. 经历，体验 3.n. 集会，会议 4.n. 校长 5.vt. 获得；赚，挣得 6.n.& vt. 尊敬，敬重 7.vt. 致力于；献身 8.n. 文学 9.adj. 一般的，普通的；平均 的 10.n. 难事；斗争；努力 vi. 奋斗，努力；挣扎， 11.adj. 具有挑战性的 12.n. 鼓励 13.n. 做饭；烹饪，烹调 14.免费 15.adj. 额外的，外加的16.adj. 喜爱的，喜欢的 17.喜爱，喜欢 18.n.& adj. 西班牙语（的）；西 班牙人（的） 19.n. 雕像，雕塑 20.n. 甜点 21.回忆，回顾 22.n. 满意 23.vt.& vi. 冲浪 24.adj. 学业的，学术的 25.n.& vt. 交换；交流 26.adj. 以前的 27.vi. 毕业n. 毕业生 28.adj. 流利的 29.n. 绘画，绘画作品 30.vt. 捐赠 31.n. 善意 32.adj. 极佳的，非常好的 33.adj. 独立的 34.利用 35.n.（书的）名称；（文章的） 题目，篇名 36.n. 朝代，王朝 37.adv. 不知为什么；不知怎么 地 38.adj. 新近的，最近的 39.n. 教授 40.vt. 通知，告知 41.开放时间 42.vt. 管理；操作 43.n. 主持人；主人，东道主 44.vt.& vi. 批准，通过；赞成， 同意 45.n. 负责，掌管 vt. 使承担责任；收费 46.负责，掌管 47.n. 同学，校友 48.vt.& n. 广播，播放 49.n. 准备，筹备 50.n. （重要）事件；社交活动； 比赛项目 51.n. 短途旅行，远足 52.n. 毕业 53.n. 诗人 54.n. 一代，一代人 55.adj. 文学的 56.vt. 选择，挑选 57.n. 庭院，院子 58.n. 作品，成分 1 / 3