历年考研英语阅读疑难长句解析
An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom / on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. (1999年真题)
【分析】句子主干是由divides...and...(使……对立)搭配连接而成。两个those后面的分词短语作定语修饰those。句子主干为：An invisible border divides those and those. 【翻译】一种看不到的鸿沟，把那些主张为了学生有更好的职业前景而把电脑引入课堂的人和那些主张为了获得彻底教育革新更广泛理由而把电脑引入课堂的人的观点对立起来。Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction——indeed, contradiction——Which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign / to put computers in the classroom.(1999年真题)
【分析】句子主干为：Very few writers have explored this distinction. “on the subject”介词短语作状语修饰“very few writers”,“which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom”是定语从句修饰“this distinction”的。
【翻译】很少有作者在这个问题上去探究这种差异，实际上，他们是互相矛盾的。而这种差异正是探究把计算机引入课堂运动问题的关键。
But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. (1999年真题)
【分析】本句不难，重在对since引导从句的理解，这里since是表示因果关系的连词，表示“因为……”，诸如此类比较隐蔽的因果关系的连词还有as, as表示原因,可译为“由于，鉴于”，如：As he was not well, I decided to go without him(因为他病了，我决定一个人去)。
【翻译】但是，对于一小部分学生而言，职业培训也许是一种很好的途径，因为，在其他条件相同的情况下，拥有良好的技能对他们找工作结果的影响是不一样的。
The fact / that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree / answered the question / he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets. (1999年真题)
【分析】句子主干：The fact answered the question. “that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree”，“he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets”分别是the fact和the question 的同位语，对其进行说明。
【翻译】苹果向下落到地面而不是向上飞到树上，这一事实回答了他长期以来一直对天空中更大天体——月球和行星所存在的疑问。
It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists / who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there /should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. (1999年真题)
【分析】句子主干为：It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. “who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there”是定语从句修饰“scientists”的。
【翻译】审记员们完全有理由相信，那些确切地知道他们的目标和实现方法的科学家不应该由于一边做着科学试验一边需要盯着经济利益而分心。
The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring—means / that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in
upper-middle-class India / compared to the tribes. (2000年真题)
【分析】句子主干为：The grand mediocrity of today / means that / natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-cl ass India. “everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring”是插入部分，是对the grand mediocrity of today 的一个补充说明。“compared to the tribes”分词短语作状语，修饰“that”引导的宾语从句，表示that引导从句所说明的情况在the tribes同样地发生了。(这里注意compared to与compared with的区别。compared to侧重于表达“相当于、等同于”的含义；compared with侧重于表达“与……相比较”的含义。)
【翻译】今天的普通大众，每个人有着同样生存机会和同样数量的后代，这意味着，自然选择在印度上流社会已经失去了80%以上的影响，在一些部落里情况也是一样。
However amazed our descendants may be at / how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us. (2000年真题)
【分析】该句理解难点在于分清however和how引导的是疑问句还是感叹句。这里两者引导的是两个感叹句充当状语从句(however和how表示感叹语气“无论……”，只不过前者表达的语气更加强烈些)。
【翻译】不论我们的后代对我们距理想状态之遥远感到多么惊讶，他们的长相将和我们一样。In the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture.(2001年真题)
【分析】对于if引导的状语从句的理解方法，我们可以采用两遍法。首先从主句到从句顺读一遍，然后先从if从句开始，再由从句到主句逆读一遍，含义自然就明了(increasingly 越来越……)。
【翻译】在20世纪，区域地质学研究只有在包含并思考范围更广泛的地质学问题时，才会越来越被专业人员所接受。(注：picture，这里是引申用法，指情况或研究的问题。)
For the women of my generation / who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in the mid-90s / is not so much a search / for the mythical good life——growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one /——as a personal recognition of your limitations. (2001年真题)
【分析】本句主干由not so much...as...(其准确的翻译应为“与其……不如……”，而这种翻译成中文之后通常让人产生理解上的障碍。这种搭配出现在客观试题的阅读文章中，通常可以直接把它理解成“不是……而是……”，让句意更加清晰)固定搭配连接构成的一个长句。定语从句“who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in the mid-90s”修饰“the women of my generation”。插入部分“growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one”，是对“the mythical good life”的具体说明。句子主干为：For the women of my generation is not so much a search for the mythical good life as a personal recognition of your limitations.
【翻译】对于我们这一代曾在整个80年代为生活奔波的女性来说， 90年代中期过着放慢生活节奏的生活，与其说是追求神话般的美好生活——自已种有机蔬菜，冒着变得毫无生机的危险——倒不如说我们都认识到了自己的局限。(注：one指代vegetable，引申是精神上像植物一样没有生气的人。)
Downshifting——also known in America as “voluntary simplicity”—— has, ironically, even bred a new area of / what might be termed / anti-consumerism.(2001年真题)
【分析】由于插入成分，句子显得稍长。对于有插入成分构成的长句，首先要忽略插入成分，直接理解主句，然后再理解插入成分。插入成分通常是对紧邻的前一句内容的进一步说明，在理解插入成分时，应该结合所说明的内容一起理解。句子主干为：Downshifting has bred a new area of / what might be termed / anti-consumerism.
【翻译】颇具讽刺意义的是，“放慢生活节奏”，在美国被称为“甘愿简朴”的生活方式居然产生出一个可称为“反消费主义”的新领域。
I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will / after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She / after a build up of stress, /that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, /and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and / social status. (2001年真题)
【分析】本句状语较多，再加上多个并列动名词短语充当宾语从句的主语，导致句式较长，难以形成连贯的语义。理解方法是学会断句和抓主干。本句主干是由discovered后面带一个宾语从句构成。主干为：I have discovered that / abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, /and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and / social status. “as perhaps Kelsey will”是伴随状语从句的主干，“after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She / after a build up of stress”是两个并列介词短语作状语修饰“as perhaps Kelsey will”，“abandoning the doctrine of ‘juggli ng your life’, /and making the alternative move into ‘downshifting’”是两个并列动名词短语充当宾语从句的主语。
【翻译】我发现，放弃那种“忙碌地应付生活”的信念而选择“放慢生活节奏”会带来比金钱和社会地位更大的回报。经受过长期巨大压力，凯尔西从《女性》杂志编辑部退下来之后，恐怕她也将与我有同样的发现。
I have been transformed from /a passionate advocate of the philosophy o f “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey / for the past seven years / in the page of She magazine, into a woman / who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. (2001年真题)
【分析】本句是由transformed from...into...(从……转变为……)固定搭配连接构成的长句。句子主干为：I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all” into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.“preached by Linda Kelsey”，分词作定语修饰“the philosophy of ‘having it all’”。“who is happy to settle for a bit of everything”定语从句修饰“woman”。
【翻译】我已经从“拥有一切”哲学的积极倡导者，转化成一个对一切浅尝辄止就心满意足的妇女。过去七年里琳达·凯尔西在《女性》杂志再三宣扬这种哲学。
It identifies the under-treatment of pain / and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures / that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” / as the twin problems of end-of-life care. (2002年真题)
【分析】本句主干部分是由identify...as...(把……识别为……)固定搭配连接构成的。同时identifies后面所接的两个并列宾语成分(the under-treatment of pain，the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures)增加了句子的理解难度。
句子主干为：It identifies the undertreatment of pain / and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures / as the twin problems of end-of-life care. 定语从句“that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying”，修饰“the aggressive use of ‘ineffectual and forced medical procedures’”而不是“the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of ‘ineffectual and forced medical procedures’”，这里要学会对定语从句所修饰词语范围的限定，通常结合文中的句意来确定。
【翻译】该报告把对病痛处理不力和坚持使用无效及强制性医疗手段从而有可能延长病人死亡时间，致使病人临终时痛苦不堪，确定为临终护理方面存在的两大问题。
The American spymaster / who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II / and later / laid the roots for the CIA / was fascinated with information. (2003年真题)
【分析】句子主干为：The American spymaster was fascinated with information. “who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II / and later / laid the roots for the CIA”是定语从句，修饰“The American spymaster”。
【翻译】这位在第二次世界大战中建立了战略情报局且后来为中央情报局奠定基础的美国间谍头子对信息收集非常痴迷。
Physicians——frustrated by their inability to cure the disease / and fearing loss of hope in the patient——too often offer aggressive treatment / far beyond what is scientifically justified. (2003年真题)
【分析】句子主干为：Physicians too often offer aggressive treatment.插入部分“frustrated by their inability to cure the disease / and fearing loss of hope in the patient”是分词作定语，修饰physicians。介词短语“far beyond what is scientifically justified”作定语修饰“aggressive treatment”。
【翻译】内科医生由于不能治愈疾病，同时担心病人失去希望，常常采取极端大胆的治疗方法，这些方法远远超出了科学许可的界限。
A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. (2005年真题) 【分析】句子主干：A bill is a promising start. “which would offer financial incentives for private industry”是修饰“a bill”的定语从句。
【翻译】来自西弗吉尼亚州的民主党参议员罗伯特·伯德提出的一项议案是一个很有希望的开端，该议案提出将对私人企业给予财政上的奖励。
The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep——when most vivid dreams occur——as it is when fully awake.(2005年真题)
【分析】句子主干由as...as...(和……一样……)固定搭配构成。句子主干：The brain is as active as it is when fully awake. 介词短语“during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep”作状语修饰“active”，时间状语从句“when most vivid dreams occur”修饰“REM (rapid eye movement) sleep”。
【译】大脑活动在眼球迅速运动的睡眠时期中同完全醒时一样，最生动的梦境就出现在那时。With much practice / people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep. (2005年真题)
【分析】句子主干：people can learn to do it in their sleep.本句难点在于literally 的理解，表示“客观地，实际上”。“with much practice”，with引导的介词短语作伴随状语，修饰整个句子。
【翻译】多加练习的话，人们就真能在睡眠时控制梦境了。
American no longer expects public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. (2005年真题)
【分析】句子主干：American no longer expects public figures to command the English language with skill and gift. “whether...or...”引导状语从句，表示“无论是……还是……”。
【翻译】美国人不再指望公众人物在演讲或写作中娴熟地运用技巧和文采来驾驭英语。John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English. (2005年真题)
【分析】本句主干由see...as...(把……看作……)连接构成。句子主干：John McWhorter sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English. “mixed liberal and conservative views”分词短语作定语，修饰controversialist。
【翻译】约翰·麦克沃特是位喜欢争辩的语言学家，他的观点混杂着保守派与自由派的看法，他认为，20世纪60年代反文化传统的得势是造成正式英语水平下降的原因。
It’s not obvious / how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns / suits one to answer questions / that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.(2007年真题)
【分析】本句是一个结构比较复杂的表语从句。句中“how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns / suits one to answer questions”充当主句的主语，主语中的几个不定式均是修饰the capacity，定语从句“that have eluded some of the best poet s and philosophers”修饰“questions”。本句的理解难点是one 指定的判定。指代的判断通常可以从两个方面着手：一、指代前面的中心词，二、与指代所在句子的并列结构。本句中我们可以确定one之前的中心词是the capacity，两者都是不定式结构，属并列结构，因此，这里的one指代的是capacity。
【翻译】对目标事物进行形象思维和推断数字模型的能力，如何与解答那些难倒最有才气的诗人和哲学家的问题的能力相匹配，这点并不明显。
Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent--and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance--have jumped eightfold in just one generation. (2007年真题)
【分析】本句难点在于几个词汇的理解：work against表示“对……不利”、as作连词可以表示因果关系，这里表示“因为”，odds表示“可能性、概率”。通常这些貌似熟悉的词汇，一旦在句中出现其确切的含义会让许多考生难以理解，因此考生在记单词的时候一定要彻底弄懂这些熟悉但具体词义不好把握的词汇。
【翻译】就连人口统计数据也对中产阶级不利，因为家庭成员中有一个年老体弱的父母——以及其他需要物质和经济救助的人——的可能性，在一代人的时间里就猛增了八倍。
【小结】从以上近20年来的阅读真题中出现的长难句，我们可以看出，所谓的长难句其实并不难，它们基本上是由少数几个常见的句型或固定搭配连接而成的。对于绝大部分考生来说，由于自身心态问题，以至于对长句产生恐惧，他们看到字数多一点的句子就不知所措。实际上，我们只需冷静头脑，从容应对，读懂这些句子是不会有问题的。
1. Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. 【译文】事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。 【析句】这是一个主从复合句，主语是it isn't，省略了表语，完整的说法是it isn't a useful, ground-clearing way to start. because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights是一个表示原因的状语从句，其表语an agreed account of human rights跟了一个定语从句which is something the world doesn't have。注意状语从句中的主语it指代上文的the question，it assumes意思是“这种问题(问法)是假定的”。 【讲词】account一词的正确理解是翻译的关键。an agreed account of human rights意思是“an agreed understanding of human rights”。 agreed意为“一致的”。This is the agreed price at which the stock will be traded.(这是股票交易的约定价格。)They met at the agreed time.(他们按约定时间见面。) 2. Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. 【译文】有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在在于社会契约中，是责任与权益相交换的一部分。 【析句】Some philosophers argue是句子的主干，宾语是一个从句，介词短语as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements是rights的后置定语。 【讲词】social contract意为“社会契约”，也可译为“民约论”或“社会契约论”，指社会成员之间或政府与人民之间确定和限制各自权利和义务的协议。 duty意为“义务，职责”，与obligation和responsibility同义。obligation通常指特定原因而产生的具体限制，responsibility强调履行义务，duty指出于道德或伦理的考虑而受到的限制。 entitle的基本意思是“给……题名,给……称号;给予……权利; 使……有资格(做某事)”。 I think she is entitled to praise.(我看她值得赞扬。) The book is entitled Natural Cancer Treatments.(这本书的名称是《癌症自然疗法》。) The civil servants in our country are entitled to free medical care.(我们国家的公务员享受免费医疗。)而entitlements意为“权利”。 3. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans,or with no consideration at all. 【译文】这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。 【析句】主句是It leads the discussion to extremes，at the outset作时间状语。冒号后面的成分是对主句进一步说明，其宾语是一个that引导的从句，而在这个从句中，either…or…是一个介词短语，作方式状语。
考研英语长难句解析 长难句 The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Stre et Bank ruling. (2010 Text2) 难句分析 主句 The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order 主语谓语宾语 宾语从句1 that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges 从属连词主语谓语宾语 宾语从句2 that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its 从属连词主语定语从句系动词表语从句
本句为多重复合句，句子主干为The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order，stating that...and that...现在分词短语作宾语order的后置定语，说明order的内容。其中stating后面由and并列两个that引导的宾语从句，从句1中由并列连词rather than并列两个名词短语all 12 of th e court’s judges和a typical panel of three，作by的宾语。从句2中主语one issue后面是省略引导词that的定语从句，表语是whether引导的表语从句。
I. For example, adolesce nt boys are more likely to buy computer games tha n any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group. 【句式翻译】例如，进入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏，因此，针对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告是有意义 【句式分析】本句是一个含有so引导的结果状语从句的复合句，同时又含有一个than 引导的比较状语从句。 【词语点拨】1)likely adj.可能的；常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that…可能做 He' s very likely to send me an email tonight. =It ' s very likely that he ' ll send me an email tonight. 很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。 The company is likely to set up a branch in our city. =It ' s likely that the compa ny will set up a branch in our city. 这个公司可能要在我们的城市建立分公司。 2) make sense 有意义；讲得通；make sense of 理解 I can ' t follow these instructions -- they don ' t make sense. 我不理解这些指示--根本讲不通嘛。 We read the sentence through, but could not make sense of it. 我们把句子看了一遍，但不明白它说些什么。 3) appeal to 吸弓丨；appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干 某事；求助于 Blue and red appeal to me, but I don ' t like gray or yellow. 我喜欢蓝色和红色，而不喜欢灰色或黄色。 Jack sin cerely appealed to his friends to support him. 杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。 We can appeal to the website for the in formatio n we n eed. 我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。 【语法点拨】本句中的than any other …，意为"比其他任何一个......... "，所谈论的 对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用other。如： China is larger tha n any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。
2020考研英语:阅读长难句辨析(1) 考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面为你精心准备了“2020考研英语:阅读长难句辨析(1)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯! 2020考研英语:阅读长难句辨析(1) 咱们先来看2020年考研英语阅读Text1中这两句话。 Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that“incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting. 先看第一句，第一句的结构并不复杂，主语是“its lawmakers ——法国的立法者”，谓语是“gave”，宾语是“preliminary approval”，后半句的“a law”之后有一个that引导的从句。其中“ultra-thin”指的是“过度瘦弱的”。整句话的含义是“上周法国的立法者初步通过了一个法条：如果聘用过于瘦弱的模特走T 台的话会触犯法律”。 后面一句话的结构也很清晰，是“主谓宾”结构，其中“the parliament”是主语，“websites”后面有一个that引导的从句，其中“incite”是从句中的谓语，“excessive thinness”是从句中的宾语。同学们在分析这句话时，千万要主要“incite excessive thinness”，这并不是引用的短语，而是“动词+名词”的形式。这句话的含义是“议会还同意禁止那些通过鼓励过度节食来“煽
第五讲特殊句式及长难句解析 1．简单句、并列句、复合句 从句: 名词性：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 形容词性：定语从句 副词性：状语从句--- 时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式 2．省略句、比较结构、倒装句、分割结构 英语中还有一些特殊句式，出现在阅读理解中，势必会成为我们理解文章的障碍。但是，特殊句式还是有语法规律的，因此，如果我们能熟练应用特殊句式的语法规律，在阅读中一眼就能识别并领会这些特殊语法现象，障碍就基本克服了。 1.省略句 资料47 To err is human; to forgive, divine. Brevity is the soul of wit. 文体畅晓，其智乃见。（省略是将句子中的赘述部分删去，避免重复，使句子更简洁，加强表达内容的连贯性和逻辑性。被省略的部分大多是主语、谓语或谓语中的助动词等。文章中的省略现象会使句子成分短缺，造成句子不完整，如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分，就容易造成对文章的理解困难。 省略句一般只有当各组成部分有共同的成分才可能出现省略。对于这类句式，其难点在于发现省略成分，一旦找出并补充完整，句意理解就会大大简化。 省略句如果出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分。A：and 连接的并列句的省略 材料48页：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002） 分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with 做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。实际上，与前句相同的成分才会被省略，前一句的谓语部分是：will continue to be rejected. 所以，后一分句补充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected. 练习：1. The reasons for poverty are many, but for the most part center on illiteracy, the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness. (主语the reasons) 2.He majors in English, and I, in French. (谓语major ) 3.Self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismay. (省略主谓) B：状语从句中的省略 规则：当主句的主语与从句主语一致时候，且从句的谓语动词是Be动词时候，从句可省略主谓。See 材料48页1. 让步状语从句2 时间状语从句 3．If handled properly and not misused, the clone technology will only bring more benefit than disaster to mankind. (条件状语从句) 4．Some people look as if afraid of nothing. (方式状语从句) 5．The computer is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary. （比较）真题例句1 Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun. 这是复合句。in which引导定语从句，修饰astronomical body. 介词except引起的短语作
在阅读中，尤其是在试卷阅读理解C、D篇中，长难句是必然会出现的，而对长难句的理解会直接影响我们的阅读成绩。那么，一定的长难句分析训练是必须的，具体该怎么做呢？老师分享一些示例来帮助大家学会分析长难句！ 01 For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group. 【句式翻译】例如，进入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏，因此，针对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告是有意义的。 【句式分析】本句是一个含有so引导表示结果的复合句，同时又含有一个than引导的比较状语从句。 【词语点拨】 1)likely adj. 可能的，常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that…可能…… He’s very likely to send me an email tonight.=It’s very likely that he’ll send me an email tonight. 很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。 2) make sense 有意义；讲得通；make sense of 理解 I can’t follow these instructions -- they don’tmake sense.
我不理解这些指示--根本讲不通嘛。 We read the sentence through, but could not make sense of it. 我们我们把句子看了一遍, 但不明白它说些什么。 3) appeal to 吸引； appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干某事；求助于 Blue and red appeal to me, but I don’t like gray or yellow. 我喜欢蓝色和红色, 而不喜欢灰色或黄色。 Jack sincerely appealed to his friends to support him. 杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。 We can appeal to the website for the information we need. 我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。 【语法点拨】本句中的than any other…，意为“比其他任何一个……”，所谈论的对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用other。如： China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。 China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何国家都大。 02
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析 1. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary —the dangers of drug interactions,for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. 【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。 【分析】在这个主从复合句中，it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured是主句。主句用了一个形式主语it，真正的主语是that引导的从句，而that从句之后是一个if引导的条件从句。从句由两个部分组成，中间用and连接。破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容。注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指many warnings。 2. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport . 【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。 【分析】句子主干结构是Additional social stresses may also occur because of...简单句+ because of表示的原因状语，整句翻译应该根据先原因后结果的原则，将主句放在最后；because of后面有两个宾语the population explosion or problems；名词problems带有现在分词短语作后置定语arising from mass migration movements；themselves指前面的名词短语mass migration movements，后面的过去分词短语是themselves的定语。 3. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers,which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. 【译文】新闻记者和读者之间存在着社会和文化方面的脱节，这就是为什么新闻编辑室的“标准模式”似乎与许多读者的意趣相差甚远。 【分析】主句也是一个there加系动词的用法。而表语后都有一个定语从句。本句的定语从句是which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers。Alien 本义为异国的，此处是相差甚远，背道而驰。如果考生不了解standard templates的意思，可以从上下文中找其相同作用和功能的词组，如上句中的 a story line和backbone，那么就应该知道它们指的都是记者们在写新闻和评论时固定的套路和思维。 4. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms,of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy. 【译文】这种现象引起了人们对小型经济实体、民族商人的作用以及世界经济的最终稳定性的极大关注。 【分析】全句的主干是This phenomenon has created serious concerns。人们的担忧实际包含两个方面(即句子的两个状语)：一个是the role (of smaller economic firms， of national businessmen) ，另一个是the ultimate stability (of the world economy) 。但是由于两个状语太长，建议在翻译时调整一下句子的结构，这样句子肯定更通畅些。
2019考研英语：长难句解析（97）_毙考题 考研英语的复习从来不是一朝一夕的事儿，尤其是对于那些八百年没看过英语的同学来说!所以，从今天起，长难句基础搞起来~下面， 毙考题小编将会继续为大家整理一些重点的长难句解析，以前的内容也要多加巩固啊!老铁们~ ( 2009年真题Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Text 1 第3段第2句) In fact, the more new things we try the more we step outside our comfort zone the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives. 译文：实际上，我们尝试的新事物越多离自己的舒适区越远我们在工作中和生活中的内在创造力就越大。 分析：本句的句式结构是the more the more 。主句为the more inherently creative we become，the more new things we try是条件状语从句。这个结构的句式运用了倒装，主句的自然语序应为we becomemore inherently creative，所以该句是倒装的主语(we)+系动词(become)+表语(creative) 结构。 词汇指南 step[step](n.)脚步;步伐;步骤(v.)跨(步);踏(脚)(中考词汇)(笔者认为，step一词具有拟声色彩，其发音似脚踩踏地面的声音脚步;步伐，引申为步骤。) 1个扩展词： ●overstep [,o?v?r`step ](v.)踏过,逾越;超出的限度(超纲词汇)(2013年-阅读4)(over-超越,在上面，step-脚步脚步从上面越过即踏过,逾越，引申为超出的限度。) comfort [ k?mf?t](n.)安慰,慰藉;舒适(vt.)安慰,慰藉;使舒适(高考词汇)(2009年-阅读1)(com-共同,一起;完全，fort-由force-力量和heart内心组合而来一种能够完全平复人心灵的力量即安慰,慰藉，引申为舒适。)
下载毙考题APP 免费领取考试干货资料，还有资料商城等你入驻 邀请码：8806 可获得更多福利 2018考研英语长难句解析：每日一句(100) 2011年真题Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Text 3 第2段第4句 We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. 译文：我们将这种售出媒介定义为访问量巨大、足以吸引其他机构把内容或电子商务引擎放在上面的自有媒介。 分析：本句的主干为We define such sold media…。宾语后面由as引导的所有内容都是宾语补足语，用于说明such sold media的性质和特征。whose引导的定语从句修饰先行词owned media。该定语从句中包含一个so…that…句型，that引导的从句是该定语从句的结果状语，其中主语为other organizations，谓语为place ，宾语为their content or e-commerce engines，后面还跟了一个地点状语within that environment。 词汇指南 traffic [ tr?fik](n.)交通,通行;交通量(中考词汇)(2011年-阅读3)(traf=drift-漂流,漂泊，fic-词根,做→ 最早的交通方式就是驾船在水上做漂流——即交通,通行，引申出交通量。) e-commerce [ i:k?m?:s](n.)电子商务(超纲词汇)(2011年-阅读3、2013年-阅读2)(e=electron-电子，commerce-贸易,商业→ 电子商务) engine[ end?in](n.)发动机,引擎;火车头(高考词汇)(2012年-阅读3、2011年-阅读3)(有学者认为，enɡine 一词具有拟声色彩，其发音似摩托车发动机高速运转时所发出的声音。) 1个派生词： ●enɡineer [,end?i ni?](n.)技师,工程师(vt.)建造，操纵;策划，设计(中考词汇)(2012年-阅读1)(enɡine-发动机，er-表人→ 能够熟练操作发动机的人——即技师,工程师。) 考点搭配：nuclear engineering 核技术，核工程(2007年-阅读1) 考试使用毙考题，不用再报培训班
高中英语阅读英语长难句分析方法 在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。 一、长难句的分类 1、带有较多成分的简单句。如： Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used. 例如，决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后，牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台，以及那些具体的妇女杂志。 在这个有30多个词的简单句中，动词-ing形式短语用作时间状语，不定式to be used修饰的不仅是women’s magazine，而且还修饰television programs and stations. exact television同时修饰programs和stations两个词，这在翻译中可以看出来。插入语for instance把主语和谓语分隔开了。 2、含有多个简单句的并列句。如： In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy.在20世纪70年代，他在耶鲁当外科医生，有位出色的太太和5个漂亮的孩子，但他那时过得却很不开心。 在第二个并列句中，即在had前面省略了and he. Discrimination(歧视) isn’t their only concern；almost everyone testing positive for the Huntington’s gene(基因) develops symptoms(症状) during middle age， and doctors can do nothing to help. 担心受到歧视并不是他们唯一的忧虑，几乎所有遗传性亨廷顿病基因检测呈阳性的人在中年时症状都会显现出来，而医生对此却无能为力。 三个分句均为简单句，分别用分号和and连接。 3、含有多个从句的复合句。如： I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as the earth’s population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的) resources，our
考研英语阅读真题经典长难句必背 阅读命题常针对长难句。所以很有必要熟悉长难句的种类以及它们各自的重点。今天先介绍长难句的把握方法，再给出一些典型的句子，建议熟读甚至背诵，以做到考试时碰到类似句子就能抓住重点。 一、长难句一般应对策略 1.从句又多又长：一个主句带多个从句，从句中又含有从句 应对方法：先抓主干，找出复杂句中最核心的主谓宾，再层层展开 2.句子中带有长长的插入成分：用插入语来交代某句话是谁说的或者是说话人的身份，或解释、说明前面的内容 应对方法：理解句子主干时，先不理会插入语，等把主句的意思看完整，然后再看插入成分 3. 分词短语、独立主格结构的干扰 应对方法：主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主谓结构，尤其是独立的谓语部分。一个看似句子的结构，如果没有独立的谓语部分，它就不是句子，而是分词短语、独立主格结构等，可以先跳过不看 4. 三种情况的混合 应对方法：从前向后，抓住独立的谓语部分，从而区分出主句和分词状语，再根据主句与从句之间的连接词，区分出主句和从句，层层扩展理解，插入语在哪个层次，就放在哪个层次理解 二、特殊句型 对于特殊句型，如虚拟语气，可以将其理解成一种反事实假设，也就是作者的观点和态度与之相反。对于分隔结构而言，其主干一般在破折号、逗号和定语从句之外，阅读时可以先跳过修饰成分。对于关联结构，要学会寻找第二部分，因为第二部分有时是句子的重点。如在not…but…之中，重点在but…之后。 三、具体句子 1、复合句 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded
精品文档 高考英语阅读理解长难句分析详解 吉林市第一中学孙家宁 一、找谓语，定主语 一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如：Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans，he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment -although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. ［简析］此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有：was opposed-he，ordered-he，（should）not be used-federal-funds，had proposed-no one，asked-he（asked前面有and，说明asked 与前面某个谓语动词并列，根据逻辑意义asked应与ordered并列）。这一句的主干为“he ordered...and asked...”，“Declaring that...”作状语。句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold Shapiro为首的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。 二、提主干，去枝叶（从句等） 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如：First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Eco-lab Polytechnique. ［简析］本句夹杂分词短语、动名词及两个定语从句。“First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century”为过去分词短语作状语；“including...”为介词短语作状语；“who made...and who had to...”为两个并列的定语从句，修饰a French woman scientist。所以句子的主干为the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds此为主要信息。句意：这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家Pierre de Format提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，其中包括一个法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展。为了能够在Ecolab Polytechnipue理工学院学习她曾女扮男装。 三、寻关联，辨逻辑 一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够分辨出句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义，则长句就容易对付得多了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中的常见的关联词谙熟于心。Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to 精品文档
必背阅读真题经典长难句 阅读命题常针对长难句。所以很有必要熟悉长难句的种类以及它们各自的重点。下面给出一些典型的句子，建议熟读甚至背诵，以做到考试时碰到类似句子就能抓住重点。 1、复合句 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. [结构分析] 本句的主干是it is advisable to find out... for... it is possible that...，句首的When引导一个时间状语从句，句中的for... it is possible... (至句末)是一个并列分句，表示原因，其中for后面的however +形容词farfetched and unreasonable引导状语从句，表示让步。在主干it is advisable to find out...中，it是形式主语，后面的不定式结构to find out what its advocates are aiming at是真正的主语。 [参考译文] 当艺术上的一项新运动达到一定流行程度时，最好先弄清该运动倡导者的目的，因为，无论他们的创作原则在今天看来多么牵强、多么荒谬，在未来这些理论有可能会被视为正常的东西。 2、并列句 While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares”and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. [结构分析] 这也是一个并列句，包含两个分句。第一个分句的主干是your could-be employer is deciding whether...，其中whether引导一个宾语从句whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you;第二个分句的主干是your “wares”and abilities must be displayed...。注意：pay sb. to do sth.此处的意思是“做…对…有利”;“wares”的本义是“商品、货物”，但在本文中，作者认为找工作就是推销自己，所以结合本文的背景，wares的意思是“(求职者的)资历或能力”。 [参考译文]
句子一： For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, / and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been / had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是并列句they do not compensate for..., and thus do not tell... 2) how able是表语前置，正常语序是：an underprivileged youngster might have been how able 3)最后一个句子是虚拟语气句的倒装结构：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances等于If he had grown up under more favorable circumstances 第三、词的处理： hey 指示代词，测试 compensate for 弥补 gross social inequality 明显的社会不公 and thus 因此 ell 说明 underprivileged 贫困的、物质条件差的