UNIT 8
TEXT
Daydreaming has always had a bad reputation, but now scientific research ahs revealed that daydreaming may actually improve your mental health and creativity. It can even help you achieve your desired goals.
Daydream a Little
Eugene Raudsepp
"Daydreaming again, Barb? You'll never amount to anything if you spend your time that way! Can't you find something useful to do?"
many youngsters have heard words like those from their parents. And until recently this hostile attitude towards daydreaming was the most common one. Daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time. Or it was considered an unhealthy escape from real life and its duties. But now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming. Some think it may be a very healthy thing to do. Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. Once it was thought that nighttime dreams interfered with our needed rest. But then researchers tried interrupting the dreams of sleepers. They learned that sleepers who aren't allowed to dream lose the bend fits of rest. They become tense and anxious. They become irritable. They have trouble concentrating. Their mental health is temporarily damaged. To feel well again, they must be allowed to dream.
Now researchers are finding that daydreaming may also be important to mental health. Daydreaming, they tell us, isa good means of relaxation. But its benefits go beyond this. A number of psychologists have conducted experiments and have reached some surprising conclusions.
Dr. Joan T. Freyberg has concluded that daydreaming contributes to intellectual growth. It also improves concentration, attention span, and the ability to get along with others, she says. In an experiment with school children, this same researcher found that daydreaming led the children to pay ore attention to detail. They had more happy feelings. They worked together better. Another researcher reported that daydreaming seemed to produce improved self-control and creative abilities.
But that's only part of the story. The most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness in shaping our future lives as we want them to be. Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser believed that much of his success was due to the positive use of daydreaming. He maintained that "you can imagine you future." Florence Nightingale dreamed of becoming a nurse. The young Thomas Edison pictured himself as an inventor. For these notable achievers, it appears that their daydreams came true.
Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick believed that the way we picture ourselves is often the way we turn out. He offered this advice:" Hold a picture of yourself ... in your mind's eye, and you will be drawn toward it. Picture yourself vividly as defeated, and that alone will make victory impossible. Picture yourself as winning, and that will contribute immeasurably to success. Do not picture yourself as anything, and you will drift ..."
The experiences of some athletes seem to confirm this belief. For instance, John Uelses, a former pole-vaulting champion, used daydreaming techniques before each meet. He would imagine himself winning. He would vividly picture himself clearing the bar at a certain height. He would go over all the details in his mind. He would picture the stadium and the crowds. He'd even
imagine the smell of the grass and the earth. He said that this exercise of the imagination left memory traces in his mind that would later help his actual performance.
Why would a mental vision of success help produce real success? Dr. Maxwell Maltz, a surgeon and author, says this: "Your nervous system cannot tell the difference between an imagined experience and a real experience. In either case it reacts automatically to information that you give it ... It reacts appropriately to what you think or imagine to be true."
He believes that purposeful day dreaming builds new "memories" in the brain. These positive memories improve a person's self-image. And self-image has an important effect on a person's actions and accomplishments.
Can you use purposeful daydreaming to shape your own future>? Why not try? Here is how those who believe in creative daydreaming recommend going about it. Choose a time when you can be alone and undisturbed. Close your eyes, to permit your imagination to soar more freely. Many people find that they get best results by pretending that they are sitting before a large screen. They project the desired image of themselves onto that screen.
Now picture yourself - as vividly as possible - the way you want to be. Remember to picture your desired goals as if you had already attained them. Go over all the details of this picture. See them clearly and sharply. Impress them strongly on your memory. The resulting memory traces will supposedly start affecting your everyday life. They will help lead you to the attainment of your goals.
Of course daydreaming is no substitute for hard work. If it's athletic achievement you want, you also have to get lots of practice in your sport. You have to work hard to develop skills. If it's school success you're after, you can't neglect studying. Daydreaming alone can't turn you into your heart's desire. But in combination with the more usual methods of self-development, it might make a critical difference. It could be the difference between becoming merely good at something and becoming a champion.
If what researchers are saying is true, a life lived without fantasies and daydreams isn't as rich and rewarding as life can be. So they suggest setting aside a few minutes each day for daydreaming. By so doing, you may improve your physical and mental well-being. By taking a ten-or fifteen-minute "vacation" into the realm of imagination each day, you may add much to the excitement and enjoyment of your life. And who knows: You might see your own daydreams come true.
NEW WORDS
hostile unfriendly; belonging to an enemy
敌对的
[]
a.
1. 敌人的,敌方的
The town was surrounded by hostile troops.
城市被敌军包围。
2. 怀敌意的;不友善的[(+to)]
He is hostile to reform.
他对变革持敌对态度。
view consider, regard
[]
n.
1. 视力;视野[U]
Victory is in view.
胜利在望。
2. 观看;眺望[S][(+of)]
There's a fine view of the lake from our hotel window. 从我们旅馆的窗口可以看到湖的美丽风光。
3. 景色;风景画,风景照片[C]
4. 看法,观点[C][+(that)][(+about/on)]
She tried writing out her views.
她试着把自己的想法写下来。
5. 观察,展望,概观[S1][(+of)]
vt.
1. 观看;查看;察看
2. 看待;考虑;将...看成是[O][(+as/with)]
These people were viewed as their most dangerous rivals. 这些人被视为他们最危险的对手。
escape 逃跑;逃避
[]
vi.
1. 逃跑;逃脱[(+from)]
The soldier escaped from the enemy's prison.
这个士兵从敌人的监狱里逃了出来。
2. 避免[(+from/out of)]
He traveled extensively to escape from boredom.
他到处旅游以解烦闷。
3. 漏出;流出[(+from/out of)]
Gas is escaping from the pipe.
煤气正从管中逸出。
vt.
1. 逃避;逃脱;避免[+v-ing]
We were lucky to escape being punished.
我们很幸运,没有受罚。
He escaped the trials after the war.
战后他逃过了审判。
2. 没有被...注意到;被...忘掉
The matter has quite escaped my memory.
这件事我完全记不得了。
Her name escapes me.
我记不起她的名字了。
n.
1. 逃跑;逃脱[C][U]
He made his escape in disguise.
他化装后逃走了。
2. 漏出[C][U]
Can you smell an escape of gas?
你能闻到漏出的煤气吗?
3. 逃避(现实);解闷[S]
She read detective stories as an escape.
她看侦探小说解闷。
4. 逃路;逃跑工具[C]
We must cut off his escape.
我们必须切断他的退路。
nighttime occurring at night
[]
n.
1. 夜间
a.
1. 夜间的
interfere get in the way of another
干涉;妨碍
[]
vi.
1. 妨碍;冲突;抵触[(+with)]
I turned down the radio lest it should interfere with his lessons.
我把收音机音量调低以免妨碍他做功课。
2. 介入;干涉,干预[(+with/in)]
We have no right to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries. 我们没有权利干涉别国内政。
She wished he wouldn't interfere.
她希望他不要干预。
3. 【婉】污辱,性骚扰[(+with)]
interference
[]
n.
1. 阻碍;抵触[U][C][(+with)]
2. 干涉,干预;扰乱[U][(+with/in)]
He cannot brook interference.
他不能容忍他人的干涉。
3. 【物】(电波等的)干扰,扰乱[U]
The picture on our TV is spoilt by interference from your vacuum cleaner. 我们电视机上的图像因受你们真空吸尘器的干扰而不清晰了。
4. 【体】掩护阻挡;掩护阻挡队员;阻挡犯规[U][C]
researcher a person who does research
[]
n.
1. 研究员;调查者
benefit advantage, profit, good effect
益处
[]
n.
1. 利益,好处;优势[U][C]
The new hospital will be a great benefit to the town.
新建成的医院将给全城带来莫大好处。
2. 津贴,救济金[C][U]
3. 义演,义卖[C]
4. 【美】(收入的)免税部分[U]
vt.
1. 对...有益,有益于
The sea air will benefit you.
海边的空气对你有益。
vi.
1. 得益,受惠[(+by/from)]
We benefited greatly by this frank talk.
这次坦率的谈话使我们获益匪浅。
tense feeling or showing nervous anxiety
紧张的
[]
a.
1. 拉紧的,绷紧的
The ropes are tense.
这些绳子是拉紧的。
2. (心理或神经)紧张的;引起紧张的
The situation suddenly became tense.
局势突然变得紧张起来。
The defendant was extremely tense.
被告极为紧张。
vt.
1. 使拉紧,使绷紧;使紧张[(+up)]
All his muscles were tensed.
他的肌肉全都绷紧了。
vi.
1. 拉紧,绷紧;变得紧张[(+up)]
She tensed at the approaching footsteps.
她听到越来越近的脚步声马上紧张了起来。
tense 2
KK: []
DJ: []
a.
1. 【语】(动词的)时态,时式[C][U]
Change this verb from the present into the past tense.
把这个动词从现在时改为过去时。
irritable easily annoyed or made angry
[]
a.
1. 易怒的,急躁的;烦躁的
The baby is teething and has been irritable for several days.
那个婴孩在出牙齿,这几天一直烦躁不安。
2. 【医】过敏的
Her skin is quite irritable.
她的皮肤相当过敏。
3. 【生】易感受刺激的,应激性的
means method or way
[]
n.
1. 手段,方法;工具[M][G]
It is all a means to an end.
这只是达到目的的一种手段。
2. 财产;财力;收入[K]
He is living beyond his means.
他入不敷出。
psychologist person who has studied or is skilled in psychology
心理学家
[]
n.
1. 心理学家[C]
He fancies himself a bit of a psychologist.
他自以为有一点心理学家的天分。
contribute help in bringing about
贡献
[]
vt.
1. 捐(款);捐献,捐助[(+to/towards)]
He contributed half of his savings to the relief fund.
他将积蓄的一半捐献给救济基金会。
2. 贡献,提供[(+to/towards)]
He didn't contribute one idea to the document.
他对这个文件没有提供一个主意。
3. 投(稿)[(+to)]
vi.
1. 捐献[(+to/towards)]
He contributed generously to the Red Cross.
他对红十字会慷慨捐助。
2. 贡献,出力[(+to/towards)]
He never contributes to the discussion.
他在讨论时从不发表意见。
3. 投稿[(+to)]
The scientist often contributes to an academic journal.
这位科学家常常给那家学术期刊撰稿。
growth growing; development
[]
n.
1. 生长,成长;发育[U]
Exercise and good food are important to the proper growth of a child. 运动和营养好的食物对孩子的正常发育十分重要。
2. 增长;增大;发展[U][S1]
The rate of overall industrial growth was above eight percent.
工业总增长率超过百分之八。
3. 种植,栽[U]
These are fruits of my own growth.
这些是我自己栽培的水果。
4. 生长物;产物[C][S1]
A thick growth of weeds covered the yard.
庭院长满浓密的野草。
5. 【医】瘤;赘生物[C]
concentration concentrating or being concentrated
[]
n.
1. 集中[C][U]
There is a concentration of people in big cities.
大城市人口集中。
2. 专心,专注[U]
Concentration is essential if you want to do a good job.
如果你想把事情做好,专心是必要的。
3. 浓缩;浓度[U][S1]
span length of time during which sth. continues or works well
一段时间
[]
n.[C]
1. 墩距;跨度
2. 一段时间
Over a short span of three years a surprising amount has been achieved. 在短短三年时间里,已经取得了惊人的成绩。
3. 指距,一叉宽(合九英寸)
4. 全长
5. 【空】翼展
6. 【美】共轭马,共轭骡
vt.
1. (桥、拱等)横跨,跨越
A bridge spanned the river.
一桥横跨该河。
2. 在...架桥;在...上建拱门
3. 以指距量;测量
4. 用手环绕
5. 持续,包括,延伸到
self-control control of one's own feelings, behavior, etc.
[]
n.
1. 自我控制,自制[U]
He lost his self-control and cried aloud.
他失去了自我控制,大声哭了起来
creative having the power to create; inventive
[]
a.
1. 创造的;创造性的;有创造力(或想像力)的
a very creative musician
极富创造力的音乐家
2. 启发想像力的
creative toys
启发想像力的玩具
remarkable deserving attention; unusual, out of the ordinary
显著的;非凡的
[]
a.
1. 值得注意的;非凡的;卓越的[(+for)]
He is a remarkable linguist.
他是一位杰出的语言学家。
shape influence and determine the course or form of
形成;塑造
[]
n.
1. 形状;样子,外形[C][U]
The sculptor worked the clay into the shape of a woman.
雕刻家将泥土捏成一个妇女的形状。
2. (表现)形式;体现,具体化[U][C]
The writer's dreams find a shape in his novel.
作者的理想在他的小说中得到体现。
3. 【口】情况,状态[U]
Athletes must stay in shape.
运动员一定要保持身体健康。
4. 模糊的人影;幽灵[C]
In the darkness, I saw a shape tiptoeing out.
在黑暗中,我看见有个身影悄悄走出去。
5. 种类[S]
6. 模型,模子[C]
vt.
1. 使成形;塑造,制作[(+into/from/out of)]
The potter shaped the clay into a vase.
陶工将泥土塑成花瓶。
2. 形成
Childhood experiences often play a big part in shaping one's character. 童年经历在形成一个人的性格方面往往起重要作用。
3. 使符合;使适合[(+to)]
4. 使合身[H][(+to)]
The dress was shaped to her figure.
这件连衣裙做得很适合她的身材。
5. 计划;设计;想出;使具体化
6. 引导
vi.
1. 【口】成形;成型;形成[(+up/into)]
2. 成长,发展
Our vacation plans are shaping well.
我们的假期计划进展顺利。
3. 【罕】发生
industrialist one owning an industry or engaged in its management
[]
n.
1. 企业家;工业家;实业家[C]
maintain state or assert as true; keep up.
断言;维持
[]
vt.
1. 维持;保持;使继续
Ann and Mary maintained their friendship for the next thirty years. 安妮和玛丽在此后的三十年中一直保持着她们之间的友谊。
2. 维修,保养
Frank maintains his car very well.
弗兰克把自己的车子保养得很好。
3. 坚持;主张;断言[+(that)]
He maintains that he once saw a UFO.
他坚持称自己曾看见过飞碟。
4. 供养,抚养;负担,支持
Mr. Smith maintains his son at college.
史密斯先生供养念大学的儿子。
5. 保卫,坚守
picture imagine; make a picture of
[]
n.[C]
1. 画;画像;图片;照片[(+of)]
I had a picture taken this morning.
今天上午我拍了张照。
2. 图像[S]
3. 【英】影片[C];电影院[the P];电影业[P]
4. (心中的)形象,想像;(生动的)描写;写照[S1][(+of)]
This book gives a good picture of life in China today.
这本书生动地描述了当代中国的生活情况。
5. 局面,状况[S]
I'm trying to learn about the other side of the picture.
我在设法了解事情的另一面。
6. 酷似的东西;化身[the S][(+of)]
7. 美丽如画的人(或物);美景[S]
vt.
1. 想像[+wh-][O7]
Can you picture Bill dressed as a fairy?
你能想像得出比尔扮作仙女的模样吗?
2. 画,拍摄;(生动地)描绘,描述[O]
The painter pictured the general sitting on a horse.
画家给骑着马的将军画像。
inventor a person who makes up or produces sth. new
[]
n.
1. 发明家,发明者;创作者[C]
notable outstanding; worthy of notice
著名的;值得注意的
[]
a.
1. 值得注意的,显著的[(+of)]
There is a notable difference between his earlier and later writings. 他的早期作品和后期作品之间有明显的差异。
2. 著名的,显要的[(+for)]
His father was a notable architect.
他的父亲是一个著名的建筑师。
n.
1. 名人;显要人物[C][P1]
Many notables attended the reception.
许多著名人士参加了招待会。
achiever one who achieves; winner
[]
n.
1. 获得成功的人
In school, he was one of the achievers.
他在校时是学业很好的一个学生。
vividly in a lively manner
生动的；逼真的
[]
ad.
1. 生动地;逼真地
2. 鲜明地;活泼地
immeasurably to an extent or degree too great to be measured; beyond measure
[]
ad.
1. 不可测量地;广大无边地
drift float or be driven along by wind, waves or currents
漂(流)
[]
vi.
1. 漂,漂流
He watched the boat drift downstream.
他看着船向下游漂去。
2. 漂泊,游荡
Many country girls drifted into cities to seek work.
许多农村姑娘流入城市找工作。
3. 吹积
4. 渐渐趋向[(+towards)]
The firm is drifting towards bankruptcy.
那家商行快要破产了。
5. 逐渐陷入[(+into)]
6. 逐渐地睡着了[(+off)]
vt.
1. 使漂流
2. 使吹积
The strong wind drifted the snow in piles.
大风将雪吹刮成堆。
n.
1. 漂流;漂移[C][U]
There is a drift of farmers to the cities.
农民流向城市。
2. 漂流物;堆积物[C]
3. 倾向,趋势[U][C]
4. 要旨,大意[S1]
I didn't get the drift of his argument.
我没有听懂他论点的要领。
I can't quite catch the drift of his speech.
我不甚了解他的演讲的大意。
athlete person who is trained and skilled in physical exercises and who competes in games that need strength and speed
运动员
[]
n.[C]
1. 运动员,体育家
The athlete won two gold medals in the Olympics.
这位运动员在奥林匹克运动会上获得两块金牌。
2. 身强力壮的人
pole-vaulting jumping with the help of a long pole held in the hands
撑竿跳
[]
n.
1. 撑竿跳高
champion person or team taking the first place in a competition
冠军
[]
n.[C]
1. (竞赛的)优胜者,冠军
2. 出类拔萃的人(或物)
He is a champion at writing familiar essays.
他是写小品文的好手。
3. 提倡者,拥护者;战士,斗士[(+of)]
He is a champion of equal opportunities for all races.
他是一个为各种族机会均等而奋斗的人。
vt.
1. 拥护,支持,为...而战
She championed the cause of civil rights.
她积极支持民权运动。
a.
1. 优胜的,冠军的
That state has brought forth two champion boxers.
那个州出了两名得冠军的拳击手。
2. 【口】第一流的
ad.
1. 【英】【口】极好地,以第一流水平
meet (AmE) gathering esp. for competitive sports
[]
vt.
1. 遇见;碰上
I met her at the gymnasium.
我在体育馆遇见她。
2. 认识;会见
3. 迎接
Shall we go to the station to meet your mother?
我们去车站接你的母亲好吗?
4. 对抗;和...交手
5. 遭遇,经历
A policeman could meet danger any minute of his working day. 警察在值勤时随时都可能碰到危险。
6. 对付,应付;如期偿付
Let's meet that problem when it comes up.
那问题一出现,我们就来对付它。
7. 和...接触,与...相遇
8. (路等)与...交叉;交会
9. 满足;符合
To be a pilot, one must meet certain physical standards.
要当飞行员必须达到体格上的某些标准。
vi.
1. 相遇;相会;相识
The two trains met at a small station.
两列火车在一个小站相遇(即错车)。
2. 集合;聚会;开会
3. 接触;接合;会合
The two rivers meet near the capital.
这两条河在首都附近会合。
4. 交战
n.[C]
1. 【美】集会;竞赛大会
He broke two national records in a track meet.
他在一次田径比赛中打破了两项全国记录。
2. 【英】(狩猎前猎人和猎犬的)集合
meet2
KK: []
DJ: []
a.
1. 【旧】适当的,适合的[(+for)]
clear get past or over without touching
[]
a.
1. 清澈的,透明的;(皮肤)洁净的
We could see fish in the clear water.
我们看到清澈的水中有鱼。
2. 明亮的;晴朗的
The night was clear and the stars were out.
夜空晴朗,星星都出来了。
3. 清楚的;清晰的;明了的
Professor Smith gave a clear explanation of the experiment.
史密斯教授对这次实验做了清晰的讲解。
We had a clear view of the mountains.
我们清楚地看到群山。
4. 头脑清醒的;锐利的
He said she was a lady with a clear mind.
他说她是一位思想敏锐的女士。
5. 显然的,明显的[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]
It is becoming clearer to us that they don't want to do that.
我们越来越清楚地看到他们不愿做那件事。
6. 无疑的,确信的[F][(+about/of)][+(that)][+wh-]
I am not quite clear yet about this.
对此我还不太清楚。
7. 无障碍的;清除了...的[(+of)]
The road is clear of snow now.
路上的雪已清除。
8. (时间)未作安排的,空的
Tuesday afternoon is clear. Shall we meet then?
星期二下午有空,我们在那时见面好吗?
9. 清白的,无罪的[(+of)]
Now that I've told you everything, I can leave with a clear conscience. 如今我已将一切都告诉了你,我可以问心无愧地走了。
10. (尤指工资或利润)净得的[B][Z]
She earned a clear $100,000.
她净赚十万元。
ad.
1. 清晰地,明了地
He spoke loud and clear.
他讲话声音大而清楚。
2. 完全地;一直地
The ship sank clear to the bottom of the sea.
那艘船一直沉到海底。
vt.
1. 使干净;使明亮[(+of)]
We usually clear the water with a filter.
我们通常用过滤器使水净化。
2. 清除;收拾[(+away/off/from)]
She cleared the leftovers from the table.
她清掉桌上的剩饭剩菜。
3. 洗刷(某人)的嫌疑;为(某人)辩白[(+of)]
In that case you'll have to clear yourself.
那样,你只得自行辩白了。
4. 使获得批准;给...许可;被...批准;为(船只或货物)结关;通过(海关等)[(+with)]
The plan has cleared the committee.
该计划已获委员会批准。
5. 通过;跳过;越过;绕过
The truck cleared the tunnel safely.
卡车安全地通过了隧道。
6. 结(帐);偿清(债务)
David will go there to clear an account.
戴维将到那里去结清一笔帐。
7. 清算(票据);将(支票)过户
It takes three days to clear a check.
支票过户要三天时间。
8. 【口】净得(利润、钱等)
Mr. Brown cleared a huge profit.
布朗先生净赚了一大笔利润。
9. 译(密码等)
vi.
1. 变干净;变清澈;变晴;变清楚
The sky is clearing.
天正晴朗起来。
2. (船只)结关;结关后离港[(+from)]
3. 交换票据
bar 横竿;杆;条状物
[]
n.[C]
1. 棒,条;(长方或椭圆形的)条状物
Here is a bar of soap.
这儿有一条肥皂。
2. 闩,横杠
3. 障碍,限制
4. 沙洲,沙滩
5. 条纹,带
6. 杠,代表军阶的横杠
7. 酒吧;小吃店;柜台
There are several bars in the hotel.
这家旅馆有好几个酒吧。
8. 【音】小节,(乐谱的)小节线
9. 法庭;(法庭的)栏杆
10. (常大写)律师业;司法界[the S][G]
vt.
1. 闩住
He barred the door.
他闩上了门。
2. 封锁[H];阻塞;阻拦
Fallen trees barred the way.
倒下的树木堵塞了道路。
3. 中止;禁止
He has been barred from practising medicine.
他被禁止行医。
4. 对...不予考虑;排斥
5. 在...上饰以条纹[H]
prep.
1. 除...外
stadium 露天体育场
[]
n.[C]
1. 斯塔德(古希腊的长度单位,相当于607-738英尺)
2. 体育场,运动场;球场;竞技场
The stadium was filled for the final baseball game.
体育场被观看最后一场棒球比赛的人群挤满了。
3. 【生】期;病期
trace mark showing that sb. Or sth. has existed or happened
痕迹
[]
n.
1. 痕迹;遗迹[C][U]
The archaeologists found some traces of an ancient civilization in that area.
考古学家们在那个地区发现了一些古代文明的遗迹。
2. 丝毫,微量[C]
There was barely a trace of salt in the soup.
汤里简直一点盐也没有放。
He always spoke with a trace of sarcasm.
他说话总带着一丝讽刺。
3. (记录仪器上存留的)图形,记录[C]
vt.
1. 跟踪;追踪[(+to)]
The police traced the criminal.
警察追踪罪犯。
2. 查出,探出
The post office tried to trace the lost letter.
邮局设法查出那封丢失的信。
3. 追溯;查考[(+back/to)]
The book traces the development of philosophy.
该书追溯了哲学的发展过程。
4. 描绘;勾出...的轮廓[(+out)]
5. (费力,细心地)写(字)
6. 描摹,摹写;复写
The kids are learning to trace the letter.
孩子们学描字母。
vi.
1. 沿着路走
2. 上溯[(+to)]
His fear of snakes traces back to an experience in his childhood.
他对蛇的惧怕溯自他孩童时的一次经历。
trace
[]
n.
1. 挽绳,缰绳
kick over the traces
摆脱控制;不顺从
memory trace chemical change occurring in the brain when new information is absorbed and remembered
[] []
记忆痕(脑部吸收或记忆信息时所产生的化学变化)
memory
[]
n.
1. 记忆;记忆力[U][S1][(+for)]
His phone number has slipped my memory.
他的电话号码我记不起来了。
She has a good memory for names.
她对名字的记性很好。
2. 记忆的范围[U]
3. 留在记忆中的人(或事物);回忆[C]
The photograph brings back many pleasant memories.
这张照片使人回想起许多愉快的往事。
4. 纪念[U]
They dedicated the library to their grandfather's memory.
他们用这座图书馆来纪念他们的祖父。
5. 死后的名声[U]
People always cherish the memory of the national hero.
人们永远怀念这位民族英雄。
6. 【生】动物因经验而造成的不停的行为修正
7. 【电脑】存储;存储器[C],内存
The computer has two million bytes of memory.
该电脑的存储器有两百万单位。
vision sth. seen in the mind's eye; the power of imagination
想像(力)
[]
n.
1. 视力;视觉[U]
People wear glasses to improve their vision.
人们戴眼镜以改善视力。
2. 看见;所见事物[C][U]
The vision of the table loaded with food made our mouths water.
看见桌上堆满了食物使我们垂涎欲滴。
3. 洞察力,眼光[U]
He is a man of great vision.
他是位有远见的人。
4. 幻觉,幻影,梦想,幻想,憧憬[C][(+of)]
When I was a child, I had visions of being a prince.
小时候,我曾想像自己是个王子。
5. 梦一般的事物,美景[S]
She is a vision of loveliness with her golden hair.
她长着一头金发,真是可爱极了。
6. 电视图像[C]
vt.
1. 梦见;在幻觉中看见
2. 显现
automatically 自动地无意识地
[]
ad.
1. 自动地
Some doors have locks which automatically lock the doors when we close them.
有些门上的锁在关门时会自动把门锁好。
2. 无意识地,不自觉地,机械地
automatic
[]
a.
1. 自动的,自动装置的
This washing-machine is fully automatic.
这台洗衣机是全自动的。
2. 习惯性的,无意识的
3. 必然的;当然的
All the employees expect an automatic increase in pay every year. 所有的员工都期待每年工资自然增长。
4. (洗衣粉)适用于全自动洗衣机的
n.[C]
1. 自动机械;自动变速器;自动排档汽车
2. 自动手枪(或步枪等)
appropriately properly, suitably
[]
ad.
1. 适当地,合适地,相称地
The acting chairman did everything appropriately.
代理主席把每件事都做得恰如其分。
appropriate
[]
a.
1. 适当的,恰当的,相称的[(+to/for)]
She picked up a dress appropriate for the occasion.
她挑了一件适合该场合穿的衣服。
vt.
1. 拨出(款项等)[(+for)]
The city will appropriate funds for the new airport.
该市将拨款建造新机场。
2. 占用;盗用,挪用
The manager was found to have appropriated store money.
那位经理曾经挪用店里的钱。
purposeful having a conscious purpose
[]
a.
1. 有目的的
2. 意味深长的;重大的
3. 有决心的;果断的
self-image view of oneself
自我形象
大学英语教学模式 相关合集：英语教学论文 相关热搜：英语教学小学英语教学中学英语教学大学英语教学 本文以《大学英语课程教学要求》对某大学商学院学生的实际需求为依据，对金融、经济专业大一、大二学年的英语教学模式和策略进行探究，旨在探讨一种既切合学生的实际需求和实际水平，又符合语言学习规律的行之有效的教学模式，为独立学院的英语教学提供经验与借鉴。本文认为，独立学院以培养复合型、应用型人才为目标，以适合时代要求为目标对大学英语教学模式进行改革，改革内容应该主要侧重于创新教学理念，强调以人为本;改进评价方法，以素质教育为主;传统与现代教学手段相结合，侧重策略分析。 进入21世纪，社会的快速进步对于经济发展、科学研究和对外交流提出了更高的要求，未来中国将在更加广阔的领域中更加深入地融入国际舞台，经济、文化、政治和教育等各个领域的对外交流与合作日益频繁。时代的进步，社会的发展对大学提出了新要求，独立学院在回应这种要求时，应以课程为突破口，通过调整课程设置、更新教学内容、提高教学质量、完善课程评价体系等措施来增强大学人才培养的职能，回应社会对独立学院培养复合型、创新型人才的要求，从而达到教育改革的目标。 本文以《大学英语课程教学要求》对某大学商学院学生的实际需求为依据，对
金融、经济专业大一、大二学年的英语教学模式和策略进行探究，旨在探讨一种既切合学生的实际需求和实际水平，又符合语言学习规律的行之有效的教学模式，为以后独立学院的英语教学提供经验与借鉴。 根据创新人才培养所需的通识与专业、共性与个性、探究与实践教育协调发展的教学理念，大学课程改革应遵循创新人才培养的基本规律，以学生为本，以培养创新意识、创新精神、创新能力为主要目标，把课程模式的改革与大学生的知识、能力、素质的培养有机结合起来。随着大学英语教学改革的不断推进，根据教育部颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》，高效的英语教学模式应着力于研究课程要求和学生需求而因材施教，通过策略分析，运用有效策略和方法来达到这些要求和满足这些需求已具备的和尚欠缺的条件与因素来确定教学重点和教学方法，调动学生在英语教学中的主体作用，培养学生的英语生成能力、运用能力和交际能力，同时探讨外语教师在课堂上的角色定位及应起到的核心作用。 某大学商学院是一所本科层次的全日制独立学院，以金融、经济专业为主。大学英语覆盖大学一、二年级，其课程的指导思想是注重学生综合运用能力的培养，全面提升大学生听、说、读、写、译各项语言技能已成为大学英语教学的核心任务。学生普遍期望在大学期间，可以根据自己的能力和兴趣，或加强口语和听力方面的训练，或加强英语写作方面的训练，或加强翻译能力方面的训练，或拓展文化视野，或提高语言交际能力，或根据自己的专业侧重专门用途英语的学习。学校以培养复合型、创新型和应用型人才为目标，以适合时代要求为目标对大学英语教学模式进行改革，改革内容主要侧重以下几个方面。
陕西师范大学大学英语教学改革方案 （试行） 一、改革背景 教育部办公厅在2006年4号文件中指出，大学英语教学改革是教育部“高等学校教学改革与教学质量工程”重要组成部分。大学英语教学改革在引领和推动中国高等教育教学改革、全面提高人才培养质量方面，做出了积极的贡献，具有重要的战略意义。 2007年教育部颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》（简称《要求》）又一次指导和推动全国各高校在教学理念、课程设置以及教学方法等方面的变革，可以总结为以下四个方面的变化： 教学要求：大学英语教学应贯彻分类指导、因材施教的原则，以适应个性化教学的实际需要。 《要求》指出，大学阶段的英语教学要求分为三个层次，即一般要求、较高要求和更高要求。大学英语课程的设计应充分考虑听说能力培养的要求，并给予足够的学时和学分；应大量使用先进的信息技术，开发和建设各种基于计算机和网络的课程，为学生提供良好的语言学习环境与条件。 根据《要求》，大学英语教学评估还应包括对教师的评估。应全面考核教师的教学态度、教学手段、教学方法、教学内容、教学组织和教学效果等。 《要求》建议，高校应建立完善的教学文件和教学管理文件；大学英语课程要融入学校的学分制体系，尽量保证在本科总学分中占10%(16学分左右，目前我校大学英语是12个学分，不到整个必修课144个学分的10%)；完善教师的聘任管理，确保师生比合理；建设年龄、学历和职称结构合理的师资队伍。 教学目标：大学英语教学的目标是培养学生的英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力，使他们在今后学习、工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行交际，同时增强其自主学习能力，提高综合文化素养，以适应我国社会发展和国际交流的需要。 教学模式：基于计算机和课堂的英语多媒体教学模式。 基于计算机和课堂的英语教学模式是为了帮助我国大学生达到大学英语教
大学英语考试口语作文 Test 2 On Keeping a Diary in English Keeping a diary in English is one of the effective ways to improve our English writing ability. It can help us to cultivate the habit of thinking in English. If we persist in this practice, gradually we’ll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we inevitably run up against a lot of difficulties. In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble finding appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us to put them into English properly. Certainly, there are some other roadblocks we may come across in our keeping a diary in English. As far as I’m concerned, my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills. Test 3 Keeping Pets With the rise of people’s living standard, keeping pets is becoming a fashionable activity in China. More and more pet markets are set up across the nation, in which various kinds of pets are available. Over the past few years, even the prices of pets have been on the rise. Some people would spend several thousand yuan on a smart dog or a rare bird. If you are strolling along the streets in the evening, you’ll see a lot of people walking dogs. People keep pets for different reasons. For most families, pets are lovely, sensitive creatures with whom they are able to communicate. They keep them just for fun and pleasure. As for some adults, playing with their pets is their favorite form of relaxation after a day’s work. As for children, it seems that there are no better friends or companions they can find than a funny-looking dog or a clever cat. However, for some people, keeping pets is only a display of their wealth. By owning an expensive dog or bird, they intend to show off how wealthy they are. I, myself, don’t see anything wrong with keeping pets. I think the love that exists between us human and animals can be even more strongly felt while we are feeding a pet. It is this harmonious relationship between human and animals that contributes to the balance of nature. Test 4
Book one Unit 6 Animal Intelligence Text A The first time: The first period: I. Preview: 1. Let the students be familiar with some important words and phrases in Text A, which will enable them to better understand the text: controversy, encounter, convince, suspicious, blank, relieve, figure out, assess, inaccessible, release, deceive and wipe out. 2. Ask the students to search for some information about animal intelligence through Internet or the Encyclopedia while keeping the question in mind that whether animals do have intelligence and what kind of presentation they may show. 3. Read Text A in general and paragraph 5&6 in Text B. II. Check the homework left last time when the fifth unit was finished. III. Introductory remarks (T s’ words): In unit 5, we’ve talked about romance. Of course, it’s about the romance of us human beings. But, do we believe that animals will also fall in love? In this unit, Text B, we have examples showing that animals do have certain affections to the one of the same kind but the opposite sex. As we’ve read paragraphs 5&6 in Text B, the point has been proved in someway. Well, from the stories, we see that animals really have their own way of thinking. But, what animals really think? Do they have intelligence as we do? IV. Check the preview work through discussion: 1. What’s the meaning of intelligence? And, what about animal intelligence? →Intelligence refers to the power of perceiving, learning, understanding, and knowing. It also means mental ability. As for animal intelligence, it involves such factors as the ability to learn, to solve new problems, or to create novel solut ions to familiar problems and reasoning. The last one means that some animals have the ability to benefit from the experiences of others. That’s what we can find in the third story in Text A, that Towan is clever to do the similar trick as Melati. 2. Ask Ss to tell some interesting stories concerning animals’ presentation of intelligence. Here are also two samples. →Story one: My parents once raised a dog named Doudou. One day, my father left his coat behind in the scallion field. Doudou stayed beside the coat until my father returned to the scallion field and looked for his coat. Then, he went home happily together with my father. Story two: Once in Y unnan Province, a boa saved the son of his master from a river. Ts may list some other animal behaviors to arouse the Ss’ interests: E.g.: Bees communicate a food source to other members of the hive by means of various “dancing”. Some other species can communicate by sight, taste or odor, electrical impulse (fish), or touch, and many animals have more than one system. Conclusion: From all above, we find that animals do display intelligence in some areas. Let’s read the text and find more examples of animal intelligence. V. Global reading tasks.
Unit 1 Sample 1 It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure, while optimism usually brings happiness, good health and success. Pessimists also make those around them very miserable. Therefore, pessimists should change their way of thinking and overcome the negative aspects of their personalities. Here are a few tips for them: 1. Try to smile more often. A smile has great power. It can chase sadness away. It will make you and other people feel happy. And it may even make things easier and better. Smiling in the morning makes a good beginning for the day. A smile is the most important sign of optimism. 2. Build up your self-confidence. Try to discover as many of your personal strengths as you can. Then write them all down. Read them several times when you are getting ready to do something or when you are facing difficulties. Your list will help you see your abilities. 3. Change your way of thinking. Don't always think that things will go wrong or that if they do there will be terrible results. Instead, convince yourself that things will improve and that you can work hard to help improve them. If you fail, think about what you have learned from the failure. If you succeed, praise yourself. Don't be too modest! There is nothing more encouraging than self-praise. Try your best to become an optimist. Sample 2 Are you an optimist or a pessimist? If you're a pessimist, here is some advice for you. As everyone knows, pessimism is harmful to people. It makes you unhappy and unhealthy, and even brings depression, loneliness and failure. Pessimists tend to suffer more failures and setbacks because they don't believe they can succeed and thus don't struggle for it. Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful. So it is good for you to change yourself from a pessimist to an optimist. Here are some suggestions for you to become an optimist: 1. Remember that everyone experiences failures and disappointments. So when you fail, don't blame yourself too much. It may not be your fault. 2. When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience instead of getting depressed. And next time, you can make your plans to be more successful. 3. When you fail, don't be discouraged. Try again. Don't let negative thoughts hold you back. Just give yourself another chance. So never give up just because you failed. Pessimism is harmful, but it can be changed. Trust yourself and try to adopt an optimistic attitude, and then you will be a winner in life more often. Unit 3 If I Were the Mayor of This City As the topic of the 2010 Expo --- “Bette r City, Better Life” indicates, the ultimate goal of making a city better is to make its people happier. So if I were the mayor of
上外大学英语综合教程一答案 Unit 5 How to Be True to Yourself Key to the Exercises Text comprehension IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences. 1. Integrity means having one's own norms and rules of judging what is right and what is wrong, which one should not give up for immediate personal advantages. 2. Integrity is rare at present. 3. An explanation was given for how all instruments and material were used and located during an operation. 4. When you are right, you should insist. 5. Unavoidably they will do everything possible to keep their looks and status. Translation I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. 人的一生就像被刚降下的雪覆盖的田野，无论在哪儿走过都会留下自己的足迹。 2. 他们本能地明白：为人正直就意味着具有个人道德和伦理的标准，那就是决不迁就权宜之计，也不为眼前的形势所左右。 3. 那些缺乏真正的根本价值观的人依赖于外因——自己的长相或地位——以获得良好的自我感觉。 4. 为人正直就意味着凡事都因其正确而为之，并非仅仅是为了赶时髦或趋炎附势。 II. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. That psychiatrist, who had talked about his patients in public, was charged with violating professional ethics. 2. Hanging on the walls of the classroom are some famous sayings, which inspire and urge people to exert themselves. 3. All kinds of commodities are available. Nothing is in short supply. 4. We all trust the president of the board of directors, who is a man of absolute integrity. 5. Before we vote for him, we want to know what he stands for. 6. The defendant couldn't account for the fact that the money was found in his house. 7. When I saw that he was right, I had to back down. 8. She has been appointed sales manager, for she is both clever and diligent. 9. One of the biggest challenges faced by the present government is that of creating more jobs. 10. The enemy succumbed soon after our soldiers stormed its stronghold. Dictation In order to learn to be one’s true self, / it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge / of what has been said and done in the world; / critically to inquire into it; / carefully to consider it; / clearly to analyze it; / and earnestly to carry it out. It matters not what you learn, / but when you once learn a thing, / you must never give it up /
全新版大学英语第三册课后练习答案及课文翻译 《全新版大学英语综合教程3》课后练习答案 Unit 1 Part II Text A Text Organization P.10 1. Parts, Paragraphs and Main Ideas Part One Paras 1-3 The writer views his life in the country as a self-reliant and satisfying one. Part Two Paras 4-7 Life in the country is good yet sometimes very hard. Part Three Paras 8-11 After quitting his job, the writer's income was reduced, but he and his family were able to manage to get by. Part Four Paras 12-15 A tolerance for solitude and a lot of energy have made it possible for the family to enjoy their life in the country. 2. Happy Moments and Events: 1) growing nearly all their fruits and vegetables 2) canoeing, picnicking, long bicycle rides, etc. 3) keeping warm inside the house in winter 4) writing freelance articles 5) earning enough money while maintaining a happy family life Hardships: 1) working hard both in winter and in summer 2) harsh environment and weather condition 3) anxious moments after the writer quit his job 4) cutting back on daily expenses 5) solitude Vocabulary P.14 I
原文段落 Unit 1 I suspect not everyone who loves the country would be happy living the way we do. It takes a couple of special qualities. One is a tolerance for solitude. Because we are so busy and on such a tight budget, we don't entertain much. During the growing season there is no time for socializing anyway. Jim and Emily are involved in school activities, but they too spend most of their time at home.? The other requirement is energy -- a lot of it. The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices. Instead, you do the work yourself. The only machinery we own (not counting the lawn mower) is a little three-horsepower rotary cultivator and a 16-inch chain saw.? Unit 2 Yet this stop was only part of a much larger mission for me. Josiah Henson is but one name on a long list of courageous men and women who together forged the Underground Railroad, a secret web of escape routes and safe houses that they used to liberate slaves from the American South. Between 1820 and 1860, as many as 100,000 slaves traveled the Railroad to freedom.? In October 2000, President Clinton authorized $16 million for the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center to honor this first great civil-rights struggle in the U. S. The center is scheduled to open in 2004 in Cincinnati. And it's about time. For the heroes of the Underground Railroad remain too little remembered, their exploits still largely unsung. I was intent on telling their stories. Unit 3 It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. any suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.? It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company.? The lock is the new symbol of America. Indeed, a recent public-service advertisement by a large insurance company featured not charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a child's bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it.?? Unit 4 He had impressive powers of concentration. Einstein's sister, Maja, recalled "...even when there was a lot of noise, he could lie down on the sofa, pick up a pen and paper, precariously balance an inkwell on the backrest and engross himself in a problem so much that the background noise stimulated rather than disturbed him." Einstein was clearly intelligent, but not outlandishly more so than his peers. "I have no special talents," he claimed, "I am only passionately curious." And again: "The contrast between the popular assessment of my powers ... and the reality is simply grotesque." Einstein credited his discoveries to imagination and pesky questioning more so than orthodox intelligence. Unit 5 The Reverend Nelson wrote that his decades as a "simple, old-fashioned principal" had ended with schools undergoing such swift changes that he had retired in self-doubt. "I heard more of what I had done wrong than what I did right," he said, adding that my letter had brought him welcome reassurance that his career had been appreciated.? A glance at Grandma's familiar handwriting brought back in a flash memories of standing alongside her white rocking chair, watching her "settin' down" some letter to relatives. Character by character, Grandma would slowly accomplish one word, then the next, so that a finished page would consume hours. I wept over the page representing my Grandma's recent hours invested in expressing her loving gratefulness to me -- whom she used to diaper!? Unit 6 Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them. He was past sixty and had a long, white beard curling down over his chest. Despite looking the part, Behrman was a failure in art. For forty years he had been always about to paint a masterpiece, but had never yet begun it. He earned a little by serving as a model to those young artists who could not pay the price of a professional. He drank gin to excess, and still talked of his coming masterpiece. For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who mocked terribly at softness in any one, and who regarded himself as guard dag to the two young artists in the studio above.? Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of gin in his dimly lighted studio below. In one corner was a blank canvas on an easel that had been waiting there for twenty-five years to receive the first line of the masterpiece. She told him of Johnsy’s fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker.Old Behrman, with his red eyes, plainly streaming, shouted his contempt for such foolish imaginings. Unit 7 His mind was trapped in a body that didn't work. Speaking was difficult and took time. People were impatient and didn't listen. He felt different -- was different -- from the kids who rushed about in the halls and planned dances he would never attend.? What could his future be? Porter wanted to do something and his mother was certain that he could rise above his limitations. With her encouragement, he applied for a job with the Fuller Brush Co. only to be turned down. He couldn't carry a product briefcase or walk a route, they said.? Porter knew he wanted to be a salesman. He began reading help wanted ads in the newspaper. When he saw one for Watkins, a company that sold household products door-to-door, his mother set up a meeting with a representative. The man said no, but Porter wouldn't listen. He just wanted a chance. The man gave in and offered Porter a section of the city that no salesman wanted.? 句子翻译 1.We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it is fairly minor.我们的计算机系统出了毛病，但 我觉得问题比较小。 2.My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over responsibility for my upbringing at that point.父亲去世 的时候我还小，不能独立生活。就在那时，家乡的父 老接过了养育我的责任。 3.the toys have to meet strict safety requirements before they can be sold to children.这些玩具必得在达到严格 的安全要求后才可出售给儿童。 4.Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of new and opinion. 作为新闻和舆论的载体，广播和电视补充了而不是替 代了报纸。 5.When it comes to this magazine, it is a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world.至于这本杂志，它刊载世界各地许多报纸杂 志上文章的摘要。 6.Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis.虽然受 到全球金融危机的后果的巨大影响，但是我们仍然相 信我们能够面对挑战，克服危机。 7.Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to