西藏拉萨中学2020届高三英语上学期第四次月考试题（满分：150分，考试时间：120分钟。请将答案填写在答题卡上）
注意事项：
1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息
2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上
第I卷（三部分，共115分）
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
答题过程中，请先将答案标在试题上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟时间将答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. ￡19.15
B. ￡9.18
C. ￡9.15
答案是C。
1. Where are the speakers going?
A. To New York
B. To Canada
C. To Mexico
2. Why can’t Tim take Jenny’s shift?
A. He is on vacation.
B. He has a soccer game.
C. He has to go to a funeral.
3. What does the woman mean?
A. More than enough food has been prepared.
B. There is a bomb in the refrigerator.
C. They will probably run out of food.
4. What subject does the woman think less difficult?
A. Mathematics
B. History
C. Literature
5. What did the woman study in college?
A. Art
B. Business
C. Spanish
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中
选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What happened to Miguel last weekend?
A. His house was burned to the ground.
B. He took care of his grandma.
C. He lost his textbook.
7. Why will Miguel be late to Ms. Perry’s office?
A. He had to do his homework.
B. He has to buy his lunch.
C. He has to make food for his grandma.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What does the man do for his job?
A. He cleans houses.
B. He does paperwork.
C. He sells houses.
9. When does the conversation take place?
A. On Thursday
B. On the weekend.
C. On Friday
10. Why does the woman recommend the man her friend?
A. She is moving.
B. Her friend is moving to Springfield.
C. She enjoyed working with him.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. How old is Sam?
A. He’s in college.
B. He’s still a young kid.
C. He’s in high school.
12. What does Sam plan to do this summer?
A. Learn to skateboard
B. Work at the pool
C. Go to the lake with his mother
13. What does Sam need help with?
A. Shopping in a supermarket
B. Filling out job applications
C. Paying for summer school
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Why does the woman always sleep in the morning?
A. She doesn’t work.
B. She needs more sleep than most people.
C. She sets her own schedule.
15. When does the man get to work?
A. Around 7
B. Around 9
C. Around 10
16. What does the man suggest to the woman?
A. She should learn to go to bed on time.
B. She should get up earlier.
C. They should switch schedules.
17. What will the speakers do today?
A. Go to the movies
B. Go for a hike
C. Go to work
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. How do Uber drivers know where to go?
A. They call a phone number.
B. They request to know on the app.
C. A map shows them where people need cars.
19. Who mostly drives for Uber?
A. People who have other jobs
B. Former taxi drivers
C. University students
20. What does Travis Kalanick predict?
A. Cars will be able to drive themselves.
B. Uber will totally replace taxis.
C. Prices for transportation will go up everywhere.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A,B,C,D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21.According to the author, apple picking ______.
A. can bring great pleasure to families
B. helps farmers harvest the fruit
C. is better for teenagers than for adults
D. is becoming more and more popular in cities
22.If you are only free after 6 pm on Tuesday, you can choose _____.
A. Pine Farms
B. Albion Farms
C. Watson Farms
D. Willis
Family Fruit Farms
23.What can we learn from the passage?
A. You are not allowed to take containers for carrying apples.
B. Apples on all the farms are on sale at the same time.
C. You have to pay to take the apples you have picked home.
D. You may dirty your clothes when picking apples.
B
More than 2,000 years ago, when the last shovelful(一铲) of dirt fell on the Tarracotta Warriors, it was thought that they would never see the sunlight again and woul d spend the rest of their “lives” guarding and protecting the first Chinese emperor, Qinshihuang, who died in 210 BC.
But things got better off these clay soldiers. Ever since they were discovered in Xi’an in 1974,by a group of farmers; they’ve been able t o see the bigger world—traveling from one museum to the next.
They are now on display in New York at Discovery Times Square, reported the New York Times.
However, the story doesn’t end here. The roughly 2,000 soldiers found so far are estimated to be only one quarter of the total number. Moreover, scientists haven’t yet dared to touch the central tomb, which is believed to contain the body of the emperor himself.
“Partly it’s out of respect for the elders,” explained Kristin Romey, consultant for the exhibi tion. “But they also realize that nobody in the world right now has the technology to properly go in and excavate(挖掘) it.”
This is true. According to ancient writings, the emperor’s tomb is circled by rivers of liquid mercury(水银) which is highly poisonous but can keep the body in good condition. Studies of the soil around the tomb also found a large amount of mercury. This makes exploring the tomb very dangerous.
The other reason that scientists have been hesitating is that they are afraid of the damage they might cause by opening the tomb.
“When we began excavating ‘the soldiers’, the minute they were exposed to air and sunlight, the pigment(颜料) just flaked off (剥落),” Romey told the Fox News.
But he believes that the solution will come when science advances. Perhaps a visual robot can be sent into the tomb first to investigate and help figure out the
best way to protect it.
In the end, scientists and historians must weigh their desire to know against the damage their digging might cause. “Archaeology, ultim ately (最终),is a destructive science,” Romey said. “You have to destroy stuff in order to learn about it.”
24.What is the point of the article?
A. To tell about the mysteries of Qinshihuang’s tomb.
B. To analyze why archaeology is a destructive science.
C. To explain the risks of further excavating Qinshihuang’s tomb.
D. To introduce the Terracotta Warriors exhibition in New York.
25.What can be concluded from the article?
A. The decision whether to open the tomb or not is likely to be influenced by the pace of technological progress.
B. It is estimated that about 10,000 clay soldiers were buried with Qinshihuang in his grave.
C. The highly poisonous mercury was used by Qinshihuang to keep away those who attempt to destroy his tomb.
D. Scientists won’t excavate Qinshihuang’s tomb until they think of a good way to preserve the body of the emperor.
26.The underlined word “investigate” in the second-to-last paragraph probably means________.
A. settle down
B. arrange
C. take over
D. explore
27.What should scientists and historians pay attention to in their work according to the article?
A. They should respect the ancient world during their work.
B. They should balance the value and damages of their work.
C. They should always take their own safety into consideration.
D. They should have a continuous desire to know new things.
C
Gold is one of the rarest materials on Earth and has always been considered a valuable and precious resource.
It’s very likely that someone in your family owns something made of gold, especially since China is one of the world’s biggest buyers of gold jewelry. It’s even in our smartphones - they contain parts made from this expensive material.
But where does this beautiful metal actually come from? The answer: outer space.
This August, Chinese scientists became the first in the world to witness gravitational waves(引力波)caused by the collision of neutron (中子)stars, reported Xinhua News Agency.
The sight was witnessed at China’s Kunlun Antarctic Station at the South Pole, and Insight, Ch ina’s first X-ray astronomical satellite, also contributed to the discovery.
Although collisions of black holes have been recorded before, this was the first time that two neutron stars were known to have collided. It’s believed that such collisions lead to huge explosions of energy, and even to the creation of precious metals such as gold and silver.
“The collision of neutron stars is like a very large gold factory in the universe,” Jin Zhiping, a researcher at the Purple Mountain Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told Xinhua.
According to an article published by https://www.doczj.com/doc/7a1991577.html,, scientists have long believed gold and other materials are created in this way, but it wasn’t until the recent collision that their theory was confirmed.
“The origin of the really heaviest chemical elements in the universe had confused the scientific community for quite a long time,” Hans-Thomas Janka, a senior scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Germany, said in a news release. “Now, we have the first observational proof for neutron star mergers(合并) as sources.”
Indeed, the recently observed collision is thought to have produced an amount of gold that would weigh 10 times more than Earth, according to New Scientist.
Don’t expect to be showered in gold any time soon, however. The collision actually took place 130 million years ago, taking all that time for the event’s light to reach Earth.
But at least if you want to see a piece of space up close, all you have to do is to look at the ring on your mom’s finger - or the smartphone in your pocket.
28.What’s the author’s purpose of writing the first two paragraphs?
A. To interest readers about the source of gold.
B. To list some uses of gold in daily life.
C. To explain the reasons for the popularity of gold.
D. To emphasize the rareness of gold.
29.What would the collision of neutron stars lead to according to Xinhua?
A. The death of the stars.
B. The creation of black holes.
C. The disappearance of gravitational waves.
D. The creation of gold.
30.What’s the t ext mainly about?
A. China’s Kunlun Antarctic Station does research into gold.
B. Collisions between two neutron stars result in gold.
C. Collisions contribute to the discovery.
D. Gold is considered a valuable and precious rescource.
31.What can we learn from the article?
A. The amount of gold produced by the collision was very small.
B. The collision was the largest reported in history.
C. China played a big role in the new discovery.
D. The collision took place 130 years ago.
D
From the moment you open your eyes in the morning, you can feel sweat (汗水)running down your body, even if you’re barely moving at all. That’s what most people in China felt like this summer. In fact, the entire northern hemisphere(半球 )saw high temperatures in July. The Arctic Circle was no exception. Temperatures in the city of Norilsk, which is in the Arctic Circle, reached a record high of 32 ℃, The Atlantic reported. Temperatures there are usually just 10 ℃ at this time of the year.
The heat wave in the Arctic is mainly a long-term result of global warming, according to the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences. In fact, while the whole world is getting warmer, the Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet. This is called the polar amplification effect（极地放大效应）.
The most direct impact of Arctic warming is the melting of Arctic ice. According to NASA, Arctic sea ice is now disappearing at a rate of 13.2 percent every 10 years. NASA said that if this continues, the Arctic will have no ice by the year 2040. This has put some Arctic animals, like polar bears, in danger. The ice that the bears live on has shrunk(缩小), the Toronto Star reported.
Melting ice can also cause sea levels to rise in the long term. Since 1993, sea levels have risen at a rate of 3.2 cm every 10 years, the Guardian reported. Some countries, such as Tuvalu（图瓦鲁） in the South Pacific Ocean and Maldives（马
尔代夫） in the Indian Ocean, are at risk of disappearing into the sea.
32. Which of the following is true?
A. Some countries in the ocean will disappear in 10 years.
B. China is the hottest in the northern hemisphere this summer.
C. The temperatures in Norilsk used to be lower than this summer.
D. The world gets warmer because of the heat wave in the Arctic.
33. What does the underlined word “this”in th e third paragraph refer to?
A. The heat wave in the Arctic
B. The result of global warming
C. Getting warmer in the world
D. The Arctic getting warm faster
34. What may be the result of the melting of Arctic ice?
A. The polar will become dangerous
B. Sea levels rise in the long term
C. There will be an end of water shortage
D. There will be no ice in the world
by 2040
35. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Heat hits Arctic
B. Arctic animals are in danger
C. The world became hotter than before
D. Some countries may disappear into the sea
第二节任务型阅读（共5小题。每小题2分，满分10分）
根据对话内容，从所给对话后面的选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上
将该项涂黑。备选项中有两项为多余选项。
The methods of practicing economy (实行节俭) are very simple. 36 That is the first rule. A part should always be set apart for the future. The person who spends more than he earns, is a fool.
The next rule is to pay necessary money. 37 The person who spends more than
he earns tends to get cheated; and if he often does so, he will easily get dishonest.
Another method of economy is, to keep a regular account of all that you earn.
An orderly man will know beforehand what he requires, and will be provided with the necessary means for getting it. Thus his budget will be balanced.
38
It is difficult to fix the limits of economy. Bacon says that if a man would live well within his income, he ought not to spend more than one half, and save the rest. This is perhaps too exact. He himself didn’t follow his own advice. That depends on circumstances.
Wherever there is a large family, the more money that is put to one side and saved, the better. Economy is necessary to the rich, as well as to the comparatively poor man. 39 If he spends all that he earns, he can help nobody. He cannot properly educate his children, nor put them in the way of starting fairly in the business of life?
Saved money, however little, will serve to dry up many a tear; will avoid many sorrows and heart burnings, which otherwise might damage us.
40
A. tie will not spend money as he likes.
B. Without economy, a man cannot be generous.
C. Spend less than you earn.
D. Never run into debt.
E. You cannot expect anyone help you economically.
F. And his expense will be kept within his income.
G. By doing this, a person walks with a lighter step-his heart beats more cheerily.
第三部分英语知识应用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从后面各题所给的四个选项(A，B，C，D)中，选出能填入文中空白处的最佳
选项，并在答题卡上涂黑。
At a gathering, we were all telling stories of our most embarrassing moments.
It came around to Frank.
Frank began to tell us of his childhood. “I 41 in San Pedro. My Dad was
a fisherman, and he loved the sea. He had his own boat, but it was 42 making
a living on the sea. He worked hard and would stay out until he caught enough to 43 the family.”
He looked at us and said, “I 44 you could have met my Dad. He was a big man, and he was strong from pulling the nets and fighting the seas for the 45 . When you got close to him, he 46 like the ocean. He would wear his old coat and his overalls. No matter how much my mother 47 them, they would still smell of the sea and of fish.”
Frank’s voice dropped a bit. “When the weather was bad he would 48 me to school. He had this old truck that was older than he was. As he would drive toward
the school, I would shrink down into the seat hoping to 49 . He would 50 right in front of the school gate, and it seemed like everybody would be 51 around and watching. Then he would 52 over and give me a big kiss on the cheek and tell me to be a good boy. It was so 53 for me. I was twelve years old, and my Dad would lean over and kiss me goodbye!”
He 54 and then went on, “I remember the day when I said ‘No’”
It was the first time I had ever talked to him that 55 , and he had this surprised look on his face. I said, “Dad, I’m too 56 for a goodbye kiss.”
My Dad looked at me for the longest time, and his eyes started to tear up. I had never seen him 57 .
He turned and looked out the windshield(挡风玻璃). “You’re right,” he said.
“You are a big boy....a man. I won’t kiss you anymore. ”
Frank got a sad look on his face, and the tears began to 58 in his eyes, as he spoke. “It wasn’t long after that when my Dad went to sea and never came back.”
Tears were running down Frank’s cheeks.He spoke again. “Guys, you don’t know what I would 59 to have my Dad give me just one more kiss on the cheek....to feel his rough old face...to smell the ocean on him...to feel his arm around my neck.
I wish I had been a man then. If I had been a 60 , I would never have told my Dad
I was too old for a goodbye kiss.”
41. A. grew up B. kept up C. came up D. started up
42. A. absurd B. hard C. easy D. necessary
43. A. remove B. reach C. urge D. feed
44. A. prefer B. request C. wish D. suggest
45. A. fish B. favorite C. benefit D. glory
46. A. sounded B. smelled C. looked D. felt
47. A. processed B. handled C. washed D. managed
48. A. drive B. limit C. adapt D. devote
49. A. disappear B. emerge C. fade D. rise
50. A. back up B. pick up C. pull up D. speed up
51. A. standing B. eating C. sobbing D. seizing
52. A. hold B. lean C. run D. watch
53. A. frightening B. challenging C. embarrassing D. entertaining
54. A. recovered B. paused C. requested D. admitted
55. A. day B. time C. aspect D. way
56. A. old B. delighted C. anxious D. proud
57. A. sigh B. cry C. shout D. yell
58. A. well up B. hold back C. break down D. start off
59. A. demand B. give C. rush D. infer
60. A. boy B. seaman C. man D. backbone
第二节语法填空（共10小题。每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容（不多于3个词汇）或括号中词汇的正确形式。并将答案填写在答题卡第61—70题相应位置上。
The amount and brightness of light from towns and cities around the world is at such a high level that it is reducing the darkness of night. Once upon a time, when night fell, we 61 (leave) in darkness. Things are different today. A study
62 (publish) in the journal Science Advances reports that artificial light at
night is increasing 63 (rapid) in most countries worldwide. Scientists say it grew by 2.2 percent a year 64 2012 and 2016. The overuse of artificial light at nighttime is causing us many 65 （problem）. According to the International Dark-Sky Association, it is affecting not only our view of the universe, but also our environment, our 66 (safe), and our health. Artificial light is a threat to our 67 (nature) environment. It threatens animals that are active at night.
It has ecological effects 68 many creatures, including humans, and may reshape the entire social ecological system. Many environmentalists thought the 69 (introduce) of LED lights would help the planet. However, cities are using more LED lights because they are cheaper, 70 is adding to the light pollution.
第II 卷（共35分）
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题。每小题1分，满分10分）
答题要求:
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
For a long time I had been longed for a piano of my own to practice on．There was a piano shop on the street through that I went to the school every day．Whenever passing the shop, he looked at the piano which stood in the
corner of the shop window. I desperately had been dreaming day and night to possess
a piano like that. Unfortunate, my father was just a clerk, but he could not afford
to buy me an expensive piano, though he knew that I was very anxious for one．In my birthday, I went as usual to the shop window to look at the piano, but to my surprised the piano had gone．In fact, I should not have been surprised, other had the right to buy it, if they could afford to．Tears filled my eyes when I thought of being able to see that piano any more.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
你校外籍教师Ernesto将在今年暑假期间在本市开一家西餐厅, 现登出校园广告为自己招聘一名口语翻译。假如你是即将毕业的高三学生杨丽, 愿意应聘,请写一封英文电子邮件, 需包括以下要点:
1. 说明你应聘的理由
2. 简述你应聘的优势
3. 联系方式:Yangli@https://www.doczj.com/doc/7a1991577.html,
4. 期待对方答复
注意: 1. 词数:100左右。开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数;
2. 可适当增加细节, 使行文连贯。
Dear Ernesto,
I’m Yang Li, a Senior Three student in our school.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Y ang Li
英语答案
第一部分听力（满分30分）
1-5 CBACA 6-10 ABCAC 11-15 CABCA 16-20 CBCAA
第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）
21-23 ACD 24-27 CADB 28-31 ADBC 32-35 CDBA
36-40 CDFBG
第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空
41-45 ABDCA 46-50 BCAAC 51-55 ABCBD 56-60 ABABC
第二节语法填空
61. were left 62. published 63. rapidly 64. between
65. problems 66. safety 67. natural 68. on
69. introduction 70. which
第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错
For a long time I had been longed for a piano of my own to practice on．There was a piano shop on the street through that I went to the school every day．Whenever passing the shop, he looked at the piano which stood in the corner of the shop window．I desperately had been dreaming day and night to possess a piano like that. Unfortunate, my father was just a clerk, but he could not afford to buy me an expensive piano, though he knew that I was very anxious for one．In my birthday, I went as usual to the shop window to look at the piano, but to my surprised the piano had gone．In fact, I should not have been surprised, other had the right to buy it, if they could afford to．Tears filled my eyes when I thought of being able to see that piano any more.
第二节书面表达
Dear Ernesto,
I’m Li Hua, a Senior Three student in our school. I happen to have read your advertisement and I’m writing to you to apply for the job.
I shall be free during the summer vacation and acting as a translator for you is the very thing I’d like to do. Besides, it will give me some valuable job experience as well as the opportunity to practice my spoken English. More importantly, I’m very easy-going, which helps get on well with others. Meanwhile, I know a lot about the western food and I’m sure I can be of great help to you. Here is my e-mail address: YangLi@https://www.doczj.com/doc/7a1991577.html,. I’d appreciate it if I’m offered the job.
Looking forward to your early reply!
Yours
sincerely,
Yang Li
辽宁省五校2018届高三英语上学期期末考试试题 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分^满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.15. C. ￡9.18. 答案是B。 1. What does the man like about the play? A. The story. B. The ending. C. The actor. 2. Which place are the speakers trying to find? A. A hotel. B. A bank. C. A restaurant. 3. At what time will the two speakers meet? A. 5:20. B. 5:10. C. 4:40. 4. What will the man do? A. Change the plan. B. Wait for a phone call. C. Sort things out. 5. What does the woman want to do? A. See a film with the man. B. Offer the man some help. C. Listen to some great music. 第二节：（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答6、7题。 6. Where is Ben?
湿陷性黄土绿化草籽撒播施工重难点解析 摘要：近年来，社会飞速发展，人民生活质量也越来越高，园林绿化在人们的 日常生活中占据了更加关键的地位。城市现代化建设逐步发展，园林绿化工程也 涌入人们的日常生活，在实际实施过程中，需充分关注其施工要点与植物栽植技术。文章对湿陷性黄土绿化草籽撒播施工进行了研究分析。 关键词：湿陷性黄土；绿化施工；草籽撒播 1前言 随着城市规模进一步扩大，人口急剧增加，市政道路交通拥挤不堪，导致市 政道路建设不得不被提到城市建设的日程上。市政道路作为重要的交通枢纽，是 一个城市经济、生活以及交通的重要命脉，因此市政道路的环境关系着这些生命 脉络鲜活，景观绿化成为市政建设中一个不可忽视的重要问题，为了提升市政道 路的绿化质量，我们需要对景观绿化进行合理、科学的设计，同时还要遵循发展 的总规则。 2 园林绿化的施工要点分析 要想保证园林绿化工程顺利实施，就需把握住园林绿化施工的要点： 2.1时间的选择 为提高树木成活率，需依照各地区物种本身特性及当地环境特点来种植树木。由于各地区气候特点，各地区种植树木的季节也存在差异，例如，南方通常在秋 末种植，而北方适宜在春天种植。 2.2苗木的选择 尽可能挑选顶芽饱满、根系发达、无缺水状况、外形美丽的苗木，而且其年 龄通常在1～4年。起苗前，必须注入水分，避免由于土壤太干而造成幼根被拉断，起苗之时，必须使根系完整，不被破坏。如果需将苗木运到很远的地方，必 须使用泥浆蘸根的方法，用蘸湿的草包好根系，以确保其水分不流失掉。 2.3场地的规划 确定场地后就实施定点放线的计划，开展填方和挖土工作，合理规划地形， 再摊平放出其坡度。同时需在修缮好的地形上开展定点放线工作，放线完成后可 以开展其地基工作，对水池问题需特别关注，做好防渗透工作。广场与道路的建 设可以从最基本的做起，完成整个绿化任务后再开展铺面层工作。 2.4地下建设 在开展埋设地下的管线的工作时，在地面上对排水管监控线路管、消防水管、给水管、供电线路管及通讯线路管等做好标记。在检修口地地方安装截止阀，应 挑选较大直径的排水管道，雨水口位置应定在道路两侧，另外需留出连接消防检 的用水接口。照明管线往往设置在其两边，深为45cm以下的地方，做上记号， 依照设计地点的面积，进行电源控制点和照明位置与安装监控的设计。 3如何进行草坪植物的配置设计 3.1草坪种子的选择 在城市园林草坪的建植中，为确保草坪健康地生长，必须要选择与草坪的所 在地符合的种子种植。首先要科学地确定好草坪建植地区的土壤土质、气候类型等，这是确保草坪日后健康成长的基石；然后要选择多种草种作为备选，根据草 坪建植地区的土质特点、气候和草种的不同生长条件来综合选择最适宜的草种， 辟如选择暖季型的草坪种子，还是选择冷季型的草坪种子；是选对土壤的肥力要 求不高的草种，或是选土壤的肥力要求较高的草种；是选对土壤的水分要求不高
高三第三次月考英语考试（2020-2021学年度） 第一卷 (非选择题共115分) 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标志在试卷的相庆位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What number does the man want? A. 9016488 B. 9016418 C. 1961488 2. What are the two persons going to do? A. To buy some things for cooking. B. To find a place for opening a restaurant. C. To find a place to have dinner. 3. How much does the dialogue tell us about Elliot’s trip to Kuala Lumpur? A. She will go there at the weekend. B. She has already gone there. C. She will go there next week. 4. What are these people complaining about? A. The noise in the library. B. The heat in the room. C. The crowded room. 5. What does the man mean? A. He thinks they should stop working. B. He wants to consider half a day’s work as a full day. C. He is unhappy to work so long without a rest. 第二节（共15小题;每题1．5分,满分22．5分） 听下面5段对话,每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
湖北省荆州市公安县车胤中学2018届高三英语9月月考试题 (满分150 时间 120分钟) 第一部分 30分 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What is Chase’s hobby? A. Skiing. B. Writing. C. Collecting stamps. 2. How much will the woman pay? A. $39. B. $35. C. $31. 3. How does the man probably feel? A. Hopeful. B. Confused. C. Annoyed. 4. What is the topic of the conversation? A. The lighting of the restaurant. B. The friendly staff. C. A romantic meal. 5. What does the woman mean? A. She only buys things on sale. B. Even the special price is too high. C. The man should have gotten a better deal. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Why is the woman talking to the man? A. She wants to see the doctor. B. She needs to email her doctor. C. She needs help logging in to the patient website. 7. How often does the woman seem to go to the clinic? A. Every year. B. Every two years. C. Every four years. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. Why does the woman look up the weather report?
2011-2012学年度第一学期高三年级 英语试题 第一部分英语知识运用(共四节,满分55分) 第一节语音知识(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中,找出所给单词的正确读音,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。、 1. loose A. present B. usual C. usage D. rose 2. south A. courage B. soup C. southern D. trousers 3. official A. concert B. ocean C. coast D. century 4. steam A. hear B. nearly C. mean D. heart 5．judge A．museum B. husband C．true D. huge 第二节情景对话(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分) 根据对话情景和内容,从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑.选项中有两个为多余选项。 A: Any good news? B: Not really. 6 So I was left behind after school yesterday. A: 7 B: Sometimes I do. The day before yesterday, I was quiet in my history class but I still had to stay after school. A: 8 B: Because I fell asleep. But it wasn’t m y fault. 9 A: I advise you to take school more seriously. If you don’t pass your exam, you will have to drop out and work as a result; B: 10 If I have a job, I have to do dull work every day. But now I am in school, I must listen to dull teachers every day. A: Something must be wrong with you. Go to the psychologist first. A: You are lazy. B: I don’t understand. C: You made your teacher angry. D: Better keep quiet in class. E: The lesson is dull. F: I don’t think it makes much difference. G: I was talking without being asked in class. 第三节语法和词汇知识(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分) 从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 11.The CEO needs an assistant with ____ little knowledge of German and ___ experience in administrative management. A. the, an B.the, / C. a, an D. a, / 12. Many houses were destroyed in the heavy rain. They should get them _____. A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repair 13. Allow children to voice their opinions, ____ they are different from your own.
1+050～2+550西岸草籽播撒施工方案
一、工程概况． 为保证东埠头沟埠头沟（京密引水渠-北清路）绿化的整体效果,对 1+050~2+550西岸进行草籽撒播。该施工范围的现况有成熟小麦及杂草，西靠围墙，而且河岸非常陡。 二、施工准备： 项目部已组织技术人员认真熟悉图纸、技术规范。 施工机械已进行了养护维修，确保机械完好，并备足易损易耗件。负责施工的机械队已提前进驻施工现场，生产生活设施、水电及通讯系统已完善。使分部工程具备了施工条件。 三、施工进度安排 草籽撒播为二标桥到北清路西岸（1+050~2+550）, 全长1.5km。 本段计划开工日期为2015年7月1日，完工日期2015年7月15日。 四、工程施工方案 本段工程为草籽撒播工程。针对本分部特点，利用草籽撒播的有利天气，我公司加强人员、机械管理，确保按期完工。 1、机械配置：根据本工程特点，结合本公司机械情况；配备了农用三轮车2辆，铁耙10副，300挖掘机2台，汽油水泵一台，发电机一台。
2、人员配备：本分部拟安排施工队长1名，技术员1名，现场质量检测人员1名，机械驾驶员2人，施工人员10人。 3、草籽种类：多年生宿根野花组合。 、工程施工4． （1）场地清理：对该段地的成熟小麦及杂草采用人工机械合结合进行清理，对于不适宜草籽的表土进行清挖或换填。土方施工时，确保西侧围墙的安全距离，防止雨水天气对坡岸冲刷造成围墙坍塌。（2）场地平整与找坡：采用2台挖掘对场地进行平整找坡，坡岸与河堤顺接，地形坡面平顺、自然。保证整体景观效果。 （3）草籽撒播：根据设计比例将处理好的草种拌和，采用人工草籽撒播，确保草籽播撒均匀，密度适宜。撒播后，人工用铁耙整理，保证草籽被土覆盖，确保成活率。完工后当天及时覆盖草帘子。（4）养护：根据天气情况和土壤水分状况以及苗木本身的需水量，适时浇水，太阳大的时候，要在下午16点以后，才能进行洒水养护；根据病虫害发生情况，适时对苗木进行病虫害防治，以后转入常规管理阶段，促使早日成坪。 （5）例行养护：种子前期养护一般为45天，发芽期为15天。前期养护时间为每天养护两次，早晚各一次，早晨养护时间应在10点以前完成，晚上养护应在16点以后开始，避免在强烈的阳光下进行喷水养护，以免造成生理性缺水和诱发病虫害。在高温干旱季节，种子幼芽及幼苗由于地面高温容易被灼伤，每天应增加1~2次养护。中期以自然雨水养护为主，每月喷水两次，并追施肥，促苗转青。在整个
莘县实高高三第三次阶段性检测 英语试题 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。 第I卷（三部分，共95分） 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A, B, C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.When does the conversation probably take place? A. At 10:20 B. At 10:30 C. At 10:10 2. Where are the two speakers? A. In a cinema B. In a zoo C. In a restaurant 3. When will the speakers meet? A. Next Monday B. On Sunday C. Tomorrow 4. What happened to the woman? A. A thief broke into her garden B. One of her windows was broken C. Some of her money was stolen. 5. Why is the man worried? A. He doesn’t have a lot of money. B. He does n’t like to take bus. C. He doesn’t have any small change. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。 6. Why was the woman unhappy? A. She was sick B. She had no time to write her composition. C. She couldn’t think of a topic for her composition. 7. What did the man suggest to the woman? A. Taking a trip. B. Writing about her trip. C. Trying to take some pictures. 8. How did the woman think about writing the composition after she heard the man’s suggestion? A. Still very difficult. B. All the same. C. Easy. 听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。 9. Why does the Jack’s family plan to move? A. His father has got a new job. B. Their house is too small. C. His school is far away from his home.
高三上学期英语9月份月考试卷 一、完形填空 1. 完形填空 I had a bad habit of skipping to the last pages of a book. I just wanted to see how it ended 1I was still in the middle of it. This habit2first my mom, then my friends, and 3even my own daughter. Often my 4wouldn’t be limited just to the books I read but also to what others were 5as well. Then one day my daughter told me in anger, “Dad, please just read a book one6at a lime like everyone else!” At times I didn’t 7this bad habit to just books either. I also tried to skip ahead in my own life and 8out what to do months and even years from now 9enjoying each day at present. Although I knew that the 10of my life wasn’t done yet and that I had many pages 11to go. I still couldn’t control my burning desire to write the12of it half-way through. Time and again, I would 13jump ahead and try to solve every potential problem before it happened. Life,14, doesn’t work like that. It loves to 15us, and you never know what new problems, changes or opportunities each new day will 16. Recently when I found myself living in the 17again, I felt a voice that gently told me I needed to “live one day at a time.” When I heard those words, I 18, turned the book of my life back to the19page, and thanked God for today.
广东省清远市清城区高三第一学期期末统考（B）卷 英语试题 (本卷满分150分，时间120分钟) 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What does the man want to do? A．Fly a kite． B．Go to the park． C．Play on the Internet． 2．What will the girl buy this evening? A．Sunglasses． B．A scarf．C．Gloves． 3．What does the man suggest the woman do? A．Take a taxi．B．Walk to the hotel．C．Ask someone else for help．4．Who is probably the woman? A．A hotel clerk．B．A police officer．C．The man's wife． 5．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．A birthday party．B．New Year's gifts．C．The man's parents． 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．What is the party for? A．A birthday． B．A graduation ceremony．C．A wedding． 7．Where does the man’s cousin 1ive now?
1 施工工序 工程施工分以下工序进行： 施工淮备→测量放样→场地整理→表土预备、铺设→草皮铺设（撒播草种）→完工清理→管理与养护→交工验收 2 测量放样 施工测量放样按照《水利水电工程施工测量规范》（SL52-93）实施。 1）、测量仪器采用先进的经纬仪、水准仪。 2）、在具体的测量放线以前，先要根据施工平面图，布设方格网，方格网距以20米为宜，打好控制桩并做好保护。 3）、整个放样测量工作遵守“从整体到局部，先控制后碎部”的原则。 3场地平整 1）、清理施工区内的建筑垃圾、废物，以及不利于草皮生长或影响景观的杂物等。 2）、按施工图平面等高线尺寸形状和剖面图的要求进行地面的整平。本着“高铲低填”的原则进行整理。施工机械采用0.4斗容量小型挖掘机、小型推耙机。在缓坡部位不能使用机械施工的，进行整理的采用人工整理。 4表土铺设： 1）、表土质量要求： 表土应为松散的、具有透水作用并含有有机物质的土壤，能助长植物生长，不含有盐、碱土，且无有害物质以及大于25mm的石块、棍棒、垃圾等；采集时，表土上生长茂盛农作物、草或其他植物时，则证明该土质是好的。 2）、表土的提供： 根据现场踏勘情况及招标文件，填筑区及料场清基土满足表土质量要求，
不足部分表土从施工用地范围内解决。 为使表层土疏松，有利于植物生长，深翻耕作层，用机械把20—30cm深的耕作层翻松，将大块土打碎。不能打碎的土块，大于25mm的石块、棍棒和其他垃圾全部清除并运至监理同意的地点废弃。 3）、表土铺设： 工作场地经平整和处理后，经监理工程师认可后，应立即进行表土的铺设，铺设厚度不小于0.3m。当表土过分潮湿或不利于铺设时，不应进行铺设。除非另有规定，表土铺设完成后，其表面标高应比路缘石、集水井、人行道、车行道或其他类似结构低25m。 表土铺设达到要求厚度后，其完成的工程应符合所要求的线形、坡度、边坡。 5撒播草种施工 1）、施工工序 施工准备→草种选购→机械喷播→覆盖无纺布→浇水及施肥→管理与养 护。 2）、施工材料 ⑴、草种：选择适合于当地气候条件易于生长的草种，或经监理工程师同 意或指示的其他混合草种。 ⑵、肥料：肥料的含量应有不低于10%的氨、15%的磷酸盐和10%的碳酸 钾；或根据土壤肥力状况选定成份含量。混合肥料则由10%的有机肥、20%的 化肥、70%的表土均匀拌和而成。含有不低于上述有效营养成分的液体化肥出可 使用。 ⑶、水：种植用水或养护用水应无油、酸、盐或其他对植物生长有害的物
2012届高三第三次月考 英语试题（A卷） 说明：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分，考试时间120分钟。 第Ⅰ卷（选择题共95分） 第一部分：英语知识运用（共四节，满分50分） 第一节：语音知识（共4小题，每小题1分，满分4分） 从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出所给单词的正确读音，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 1．thunder A．worthy B．north C．clothes D．clothing 2．missed A．succeeded B．judged C．marked D．refused 3．office A．topic B．obey C．pollution D．post 4．breath A．break B．breathe C．please D．ready 第二节：情景对话（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分） 根据对话情景和内容，从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有两个为多余选项。注意：E涂AB F涂AC G涂AD Peter: Mary, we are going to have a party on New Year’s Eve．I’m sure we’ll have a good time．5 Mary: I’d like to．Thank you．6 Peter: In our classroom．We are going to decorate it and turn it into a splendid dancing hall．Mary: 7 ．I shall be very glad to spend my first New Year in China with you． Peter: But we are going to ask everyone at the party to give a performance．8 Mary: I will．My voice is not very pleasant to the ear, though． Peter: I heard you sing once．9 I’m sure you’ll be the star of our New Year party． Mary: Oh，thank you． A．Let’s go to the party together． B．Where are you going to have it? C．Your voice is sweet and beautiful． D．Thank you for inviting me． E．Oh, it is great． F．Would you like to join us? G．Do sing us some English songs, please．
教学资料范本 2020高三英语9月月考试卷1-精装版 编辑：__________________ 时间：__________________ 【精选】20xx最新高三英语9月月考试卷1
英语试题 本试卷分为试题卷和答题卡两部分，其中试题卷由第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）组成，共12页；答题卡共2页.满分150分，考试时间120分钟. 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必在答题卡上将自己的班级、姓名、考号、任 课老师用0.5毫米黑色签字笔填写清楚，同时用2B铅笔将考号准确 填涂在“考号”栏目内. 2. 选择题使用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡对应题目标号的位置上，如 需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后再选涂其它答案；非选择题用0.5毫米黑 色签字笔书写在答题卡的对应框内，超出答题区域书写的答案无效； 在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效. 3. 考试结束后将答题卡收回. 第I卷（共100分） 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案划在试卷上.录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上. 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置.听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍. 1. What are the speakers doing? A. Waiting for Sue’s husband. B. Waiting for Sue. C. Talking about time. 2. What does the woman prefer? A. Foreign languages. B. Geography. C. Science. 3. Why are the speakers waiting in line?
2019—2020学年度高三校际联合检测 英语 2020．01 本试卷共三部分，共10页。满分120分。考试时间100分钟。 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将答题卡上交。 第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Barbican Art Gallery A world-class arts and learning center，the Barbican pushes the boundaries of all major art forms including dance，film，music，theater and many visual arts from Egypt．Tickets： Adult：￡10 online／￡12 at the door 13-17 years old：￡6 online／￡8 at the door Children aged 12 and under：Free Opening Times： Sat．—Wed．：10 a．m．—6 p．m．；Thu．—Fri．：10 a．m．—9 p．m． Review by Laura Miller：I have just watched To Kill a Mockingbird here．The play and actors were fantastic．Nice and clean ladies’toilets with hot water．During the interval，they were selling the usual ice cream and drinks．Not all staff were friendly，but most were．I would come again to watch another show or even the same one． The British Museum
教学资料范本 【2019-2020】高三英语9月份月考试题 编辑：__________________ 时间：__________________ ××市铜梁一中20xx届【20xx-2020】【20xx- 2020】高三英语9月份月考试题
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共12页。第Ⅰ卷为选择题, 共100分；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题，共50分。全卷共150分，考试时间为120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷和答题卡相应位置上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将答题卡上交。 第I卷 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will the woman do this afternoon? A. Go jogging. B. See a doctor. C. look after her nephew. 2. What are the speakers talking about ? A. A TV program. B. A new car. C. A dinner. 3. Why does the man look tired today? A. He went to bed late last night. B. He played football. C. He worked overtime. 4. How does the woman feel? A. Satisfied. B. Surprised. C. Worried. 5. What hasn’t the woman packed yet? A. Soap. B. Toothpaste. C. Towel. 第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白后你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. How does the man want to deal with the rice cooker?
本试卷分第I卷(选择题) 和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。考 试用时120分钟，满分150分。 考试结束，将答题卡交回。 第I卷（共100分） 1．答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0 . 5 毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，井贴好条形码。 请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答 案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。 第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28,1926. Since Lee’s mother was mentally ill, she was raised by her father. She became very close to her father. The naughty Lee loved reading, and would make up stories
with Truman Capote, her neighbor who was two years older than her. Seeing his daughter’s imagination, Lee’s father gave her a typewriter. Before her final year in the University of Alabama, Lee dropped out to become a writer. She moved to New York City where her childhood friend Truman was already established as a famous writer. While there, she worked on her first book —To kill a Mockingbird. It won her the Pulitzer Prize in 1961 and was made into an Academy Award winning movie the following year. To kill a Mockingbird tells the story of six-year-old Scout and her brother who live in the town of Maycomb, Alabama with their single father Atticus. Atticus is a lawyer who defends the blacks. At a young age, Scout is exposed to the terrors of segregation(种族隔离). Then, in 2014, the first draft of a new book —Go Set a Watchman was discovered among Lee’s papers. It is the story of 26-year-old Scout who returns to Maycomb to visit her father. She is shocked to find her father a changed man. Atticus has turned into a segregationist! The story shows the mixed feelings Scout has for the changes that have taken place in her hometown and father. A loner for most of her life, Harper Lee stayed unmarried,
贵州省凯里至羊甲高速公路 边坡绿化生物防护KBLH1合同段 培 土 植 草 施 工 方 案 编制：安徽开源园林绿化工程有限公司 贵州凯羊KBLH1合同段项目部日期： 2013年月日
一、施工依据 1、施工图纸及要求 2、总监办关于边坡绿化的标准化建设管理办法 3、现场的实际情况 二、工程概况 K12+560~K12+760填方段右侧一级边坡，坡比均为1:1.25，原设计为衬砌拱护坡，生物防护为培土植草，坡面面积为1334㎡。 三、施工方案特点简述 此边坡预采用培土植草的施工工艺。 培土植草的特点： 1、增加边坡的稳定性：培土植草是在拱形骨架内进行，避免坡面在今后雨水冲刷下可能出现局部或大面积垮塌，坡面通过拱形骨架、植被根系等共同组成的坡面防护体系，极大地增加了边坡的稳定性。 2、美化、绿化边坡：通过培土植草，使填方后没有植被的坡面，经人工的培植，在能够达到美化、绿化边坡的同时，也改善了边坡的生态条件。 四、人员、设备、机具的配置 针对工程选定的边坡面积，我部计划现场人员配置为：总工、技术员1名，质检员1名，安全员1名，工班班长1名，施工人员7~8人。 设备机具配置如图1
五、施工准备 1、取土场的选定：在施工前，考察了附近的土建单位的弃土场，将弃土场作为作为我部取土场的首选，这样既可节约成本，又可解决土建单位弃土的成本，目前KT2合同段内K13+180左侧有一个弃土场，已取样送至贵阳农科院土肥所检测，检测报告已出，各项检测指标符合边坡绿化用土要求。 2、种子等材料2013年月日进场，由厦门椰枫生态科技有限公司提供，到场材料自检合格，待监理和业主认可，方可投入使用。 3、由青曼本地村民提供的水，目前采取的水样送至贵阳农科院检测，检测报告已出，各项指标满足边坡绿化用水要求，因此，就近用水车取水供应施工需求。 六、施工方案概述 1、清理坡面：此边坡由填方筑成，设计有拱形骨架，需将拱形骨架内的碎石清理干净，特别是比较大块的石头； 2、换填种植土：结合原坡面土质情况，按比例混合种植土，掺入营养土，土壤改良材料（木屑、木纤维等，目的是增加土壤肥力的保持水能力和渗透性，增加土壤的缓冲力，微生物活性和养分的供应，使根系易生长、繁殖和穿插），回填20~30cm厚种植土层； 3、撒播草籽：草种撒播前，根据气候条件温度，预先1~2天将草