英语翻译练习册
翻译练习册
英译汉练习
I． Sentences for Translation
Diction
1. Needing some light to see by, the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade.
2.
3. Accession shall be subject to approval of two-third vote of the Directors of the Governing Body.
4. Subject to the fulfillment of other formalities, they shall be granted all necessary permits.
5. Payments are subject to change in keeping with inflation.
6. Before it begins to work, the yeast is subject to disruption caused by 1
fluctuations in temperature.
7. Perhaps this is the very mechanism of the creators of our nation who hold these truths to be self-evident.
8. And, again as a result of the development of modern technology, mechanism in philosophy became an upstart.
9. Under capitalism drug and alcohol are used by some as an escape mechanism.
10. The two model variants of the socialist eic mechanism are to be distinguished from the point of view of market function.
11. But people are apt to marvel at an ingenious mechanism and obliterate the man who makes it.
12. The mechanism of the process, slow and delicate , often escapes our attention.
Conversion
1. Such news was no joke.
2. Her sighs made it clear she was unhappy.
3. Every man is a fool sometimes, and none at all times.
4. Trust not a new friend nor an old enemy.
5. He stood watching her go down the street with a slow, self-satisfied sway of her body.
2
6. There is a limit to one’s youth, but no limit to his wisdom. Draw on the limitless wisdom during the short span of youth.
7. In the British system, a parliamentary election also determines who shall be Prime Minister, but the American Constitution provides for separate election of President and Congress.
8. She cast impatient glances at the footpath.
9. We have decided to place a trial order for the following on the terms stated in your letter.
10. Lower temperatures are associated with lower growth rate.
11. Please let us know if our terms are acceptable.
12. Kindly give our claims your prompt attention and let us have your remittance in due course.
13. The new contract would be good for 5 years.
14. There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.
15. Today has seen the practical fulfillment of the historic decision taken on 25 October 1971, when the General Assembly voted to resto re to the People’s Republic of China its lawful rights in this organization.
Passive Construction
1. Illnesses must be correctly diagnosed before they can be treated with medicine.
2. Principles mean very little unless they are acted up.
3. Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards.
4. Their friendship was turned to enmity through idle gossips.
5. We were informed that the damage had been caused by rough 3
handling when the goods were being loaded on board the ship at the dock.
6. Buyer’s request for insurance to be covered up to the inland city can be accepted on condition that such extra premium is for buyer’s at.
7. Chinese, overseas Chinese, Hong Kong, Macao, and foreign personnel of the company are requested to pay individual income tax in accordance with Chinese tax laws and regulations.
Addition and Omission
1. He made sincere apologies to each of the teacher.
2. “Impossible” is a word to be found only in the dictionary of fools.
3. We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it.
4. Children begin by loving their parents. After a time they judge them. Rarely, if ever, do they forgive them.
5. Later, Churchill told me that such hesitations were really rare.
6. Then I thanked my host and walked down the poad lawn, back to the meadow and the sparkling pook, where I lay on the grass and fell into a sweet sleep.
7. Lenin stressed that it is precisely the people who create history.
8. It was for your benefit that we decided to return.
9. She was sweet and amiable and kindly again.
Division and Combination
1. I am going to see my grandmother, who was ill in bed, to take her some butter and eggs and a fresh baked cake that my mother has 4
made for her.
2. The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Brittle, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear.
3. But as the song surged up in increasing loudness, even the most timid lost their fear and joined in, and all the things that King had said at the meeting in the ballroom, things that they hadn’t believed or had only half believed, became suddenly and powerfully true.
4. The Civil War, lasting four years and costing at least
a million lives, civilian and military, was the most extensive war ever fought on the soil of the New World, a war that proved to the planters in a revolutionary way that human beings in America could no longer be bought or sold, worked and killed at will to serve the profit of parasitic landowners.
Negation
1. She earns a good salary, so she shouldn’t be badly off.
2. Unless it goes hand in hand with science, democracy will have no future.
3. To be poor and independent is very nearly an impossibility.
4. Let bygones be bygones.
5. First catch your hare and then cook it.
6. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
7. This problem can never be taken too seriously.
8. Don’t be afraid of calling a spade a spade even when it comes to your boss.
9. In the absence of a settlement through negotiation, the case under dispute can be submitted to arbitration.
5
10. As soon as you get the license, please don’t fail to cable us.
11. We regret our inability to accept your claim because the cases, when being loaded, left nothing to be desired.
12. Some of our export dities are still awash with problems: low technical nature, lower quality and grade.
II. Texts for Translation
1. British newspapers—all of them some of the time, and some of them almost all the time—behave badly in two ways.
They intrude unnecessarily and often hurtfully into people’s privacy; and they publish inaccurate, sometimes made—up stories. The victims have little redress. If they are rich and the article is defamatory, they can sue for libel. Most cannot afford to do so, and even the rich cannot prevent an invasion of their privacy. Fierce competition, particularly between tabloid newspapers, leads to more feet in more doors.
2. A new era is upon us. Call it what you will: the service ey, the information age, and the knowledge society.
It all translates to a fundamental change in the way we work. Already we’re partly there. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the “industrialized world”. Today the majority of jobs in the United States, Europe and Japan (two thirds or more in many of these countries) are in the service sector, and the number is on the rise. More women are in the workforce than ever before. There are more part—time jobs. More people are self—employed. But the peadth of the eic transformation can’t be gauged by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of 6
work itself. Long—held assumptions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relationship between individuals and employers—all these are being challenged.
We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead. No one looking ahead 20 years ago possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the microchip, would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital ications and
factory robots. Tomorrow’s peak through in biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar wave of innovations. But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth. Computer literacy will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write. The ability to solve problems by applying information instead of pursuing rote task will be valued above all else.
3. We all want every human being to be able to enjoy a reasonable standard of living, but conventional belief is
that this can be achieved by eic development. The snag is
that you cannot have eic growth without further increasing the exploitation of natural resources. The world’s ecology
is finite. It is an inescapable fact that long—term survival depends on keeping a balance between eic growth and the sustainable exploitation of the world’s dwindling natural resources. This is going to be difficult enough to achieve, but it will be quite impossible if the national and international aid agencies only invest in eic development, and leave the conservation of natural resources 7
and help for population control to voluntary agencies.
4. There will be a change to cooler weather. Monday will be cloudy with some rain in the North and the West but sunshine and showers elsewhere. As a deep depression moves into northern Scotland on Tuesday rain will spread across all areas with strengthening winds. During Wednesday and Thursday it will be pighter with blustery showers, which could give
some snow over Scottish mountains. By then it will be noticeably cooler and fresher in all parts of the country. Further rain and strong winds will continue into the weekend.
5. Washington, December 2 (Xinhua)—President George Bush"s approval rating with Americans has fallen below 50 per cent for the first time since he took office, according to a poll released on Saturday by Time magazine. The poll of 500 Americans conducted on November 26 fo und Bush’s popularity at 46 per cent. Bush’s rating was as high as 91 per cent in some polls during the January—Fepuary Gulf War but has steadily declined because of the country’s eic recession.
6. Ada is a new computer language that is still being designed. It is sponsored by the US Department of Defense (DOD). Ada is called after a “friend” of Charles Babage, who pioneered computers. It will probably become the DOD’s standard for programming the computers built into its weapon system. Some people believe that Ada could also replace every other computer language but one (Cobol) in civilian use. When all the US’s military computer “speak” Ada, other NATO countries will have to follow suit. But the language will be just as 8
suitable for controlling all sorts of equipment——from production Lines and robots to ication networks.
Ada’s strong point is that it takes in many of the techniques of designing computer language that engineers have perfected over the last ten years. In particular, Ada programs will be “portable” from one computer to another, and engineers will be able to combine them as easily as bolting Meccano together.
Programs on general-Purpose computers have to be run with “job control” commands that perform housekeeping duties
like making sure that the correct files of data are available. The commands usually amount to a language in their own right and differ from computer to computer. Scientists will be investigating whether Ada can be used as a job control, as
well as a programming language.
7. A father is busy putting decorations on the Christmas tree but as quickly as he puts them on his two-year-old son pulls them off. He is about to put the child in a playpen
when his wife suggests that it might make more sense to put
the tree in the play-pen and leave the child outside. Instead of keeping the child away from the tree one can keep the tree away from the child. Lateral thinking involves moving
sideways to look at things in a different way. Instead of
fixing on one particular approach and then working forward
from that the lateral thinker tries to find other approaches.
You cannot dig a hole in a different place by digging the same hole deeper. A committee that is convinced that parking meters are the only way to control city parking will spend
its time deciding what meters to use, where to put them and how to patrol them. A lateral thinker would 9
look at other approaches: letting people park anywhere
they liked so long as they left their headlights on; giving people licenses which would allow them to park free in town
on only one day a week and so encouraging car sharing;
visible licenses that the motorist would pay for if he wanted to park anywhere in town.
Our thinking traditions are very firmly based on logical thinking in which we start off with a certain way of looking at things and then see what we can deduce from that. This can be called vertical thinking since it involves building on what is accepted as traditional. Vertical thinking is for using ideas and lateral thinking is for changing them.
Most of our thinking does not take place at the logical stage but at the perceptual stage which precedes this.
Lateral thinking is to do with changing perceptions and finding new ways of looking at things. Lateral thinking is the practical process of creativity. There are various deliberate techniques such as the use of stepping stones (produced, for instance, by reversing the usual situation). Lateral thinking turns creativity into a tool. In a patterning system such as the mind provocation is as important as analysis－and more important for changing ideas.
8. London--Unemployment in the United Kingdom topped 10％of the workforce in April，producing anguished new complaints from British labor and industry.
The April figures showed an increase in registered joblessness to a seasonally adjusted 2,466,000 persons from 2,380,800 the previous month and 1,456,200 the year earlier. The unemployment rate rose to l0.1 from 9.9％in March and 6％a year ago，the Department of 10
Employment said.
Len Murray，General Secretary of Trades Union Congress，the British labor confederation，said the“figures set another dismay and depressing post-World War II record．”
The Confederation of British Industry，a major employer group, described the jobless rise as a“matter of both regret and concern.”The CBI said it already has predicted that the number of unemployed will rise to three million by the end of the year.
9. CARACAS，May l8（Reuter via Xinhua）--Foreign
ministers and top representatives from l22 developing nations meet today to define their relations with industrialized countries and outline formulas for international co-operation.
Thirty-five foreign ministers from the“group of
77”developing nations will be present and other member-countries are expected to be represented by high-level non-ministerial delegations at the two-day meeting.
Over the past week，working commissions of the group have analyzed objectives on raw materials，energy ，trade，development，finance，exchange of technology，and industrialization. The Group of 77 was set up as an informal grouping within the United nations in 1964．It works closely with the UN Conference on Trade and Development（UNCTAD）to promote trade. The number of member-countries has since grown.
The commissions，whose members include countries in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries（OPEC），agreed on a meeting of state-owned energy companies in Vienna next year. 11
The group of 77 favors setting up its own multinational energy companies.
The two-day meeting in Caraballeda，near Caracas，will be opened by Venezuelan President Luis Herrera Campins.
汉译英练习
1.人际关系
有时候，在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有多大
的才能。人际关系就是一种善于听取别人意见，体察别人的需要，虚
心接受批评的能力。善于处理人际关系的人敢于承认错误，敢于承担
部分自己的责任，这是对待正确的一种成熟一些则和负责任的态度。
这就是为什么许多平平庸庸的公司雇佣适当调整在大调整中保住了位置，而有才能的人反而下岗。因为他们很注意处理各诸多方面的关系，所以八面玲珑，到处有缘。好看而人际关系差的人往往不能处理好批评。碰到错误，他们首先想到自己，拒不承认自己有错，或情绪低落
或闯祸，成为有剌的人，难以相处。
2.诚实的回报
最近，美国报刊媒体报道了一则感人的消息：一对穷困的美国夫妇， 12
两人都失业了，由于付不起房租，不得不搬入了久居的家，带着
独生子在汽车里住了八个星期。
一天，他们在路上发现一个钱包，里面有2500美元，这对于贫困
中的他们是多么十分困难急需呀！丈夫认为应交给警察局，妻子闪了
一念“留下”之后，也真的应该交还失主。很快，失主就来认领了，
按照美国的惯例，失主应付给捡拾者20%左右的酬金。然而，他却分文未给就走了，对此，警察感到非常失望和遗憾，便将此事告知了新闻界，于是，报纸、卫星电视都报道了这件事。
一时间，警察局知会全国告知成百上千的来信，信中赞扬这对夫
妇的诚实，有的信中还夹着100美元或200美元。几位先生问清昌明
了钱包里的钱数，如数寄来了2500美元，这对夫妇前后发来总钱打来
数达6000美元，还有一位愿免费向这对夫妇提供住房，直到他们的经
济迟至状况转好九月底，有200家公司向这对夫妇提供就业机会。当
记者采访这对妻子时，妻子哭了。在美国有一名谚语：诚实是最好的
对策。这对夫妇的经历又一次证实了七次它。
3.我的最大热爱是沉思默想。我可以一个人长时间地独处而愉快。独享欢乐是一种愉快，独自忧伤也是一种愉快。孤独的时候，精神不
会是一片纯粹的空白，它目前仍然是一个丰富多彩的世界。情绪 13
上的大欢乐和大悲痛悲痛往往都在孤独中产生。孤独中，思维可
以不依照逻辑或进行。爱恋孤独更多地产生人生的诗情——激昂的和
伤感的。孤独可以使人的思想向更遥远更深邃的地方伸展，也能使你
对自己或环境作更透彻的认识和检讨。
4.金融危机
如今的国际金融是没有国界的。当东京的股市大跌时，受影响的
不只是日本，而是全世界。因此要保持我们中国的经济稳定发展，就
要帮助重归亚太地区产业发展的稳定和发展。我们中国在中才这次亚
洲金融危机中勇敢地承担了自己的责任。
5 经济发展的代价
前两天的发展不能以牺牲将来为代价。应当看到中国过去二十年
的经济迅速发展带来很大的代价。我们饮的水被污染了，我们呼吸的
二氧化碳被污染了。森林越来越少了。这个本钱还不只是环境上的。
代价还有社会风气的变坏。
6 经济改革
目前在中国正进行着一场意义深远的社会和社会性经济改革。这
个伟大的 14
改革使封闭的计划经济变成了以市场为基础的开放经济。千百万
人为此脱了贫，经济不能获得史无前例的发展。人均收入翻了倍，大
多数人过着二十年前不可想象的生活。
7.科学家们相继发现，大量数以万计降低食量的动物寿命长的多。限食试验以老鼠为观察对象。在各种类型配制的饲料中，卡路里含量
占通常供应的65%左右。供试验用的老鼠如不限食在36个月之后很少
仍能成活。但采用低热量饮食就可以活55个月。同时以低热量饮食饲
养的鼠群几乎不患肾脏或心脏疾病，且维持能较持久地保持其智能与
活力。
8.电信市场
该公司在北京召开亚太客户会议。这是该公司80年历史上首度在
中国举行这样的会议。公司总裁解释原因时说：一是为了答谢中国政
府对公司在中国的发展提供的帮助；二是借此机会听取用户意见拓展
市场。但此间经济界人士认为这海外说明中国正成为亚太地区增长最
快的电信市场。
9.电脑技术
有些人担心电脑技术的广泛使用会进一步恶化就业形势。但另一
15
种观点私房钱认为尽管这对个人来说会丢掉饭碗，对整个道德来
说由于提高了生产率，因而有利于经济的发展。不管对社会影响如何，有一点是肯定的：有技术的专利技术人变得越来越时兴，年轻人没技
术的人工作越来越难找。
10.中国饮茶的风尚，到了第七年代的唐代，已经相当盛行了。那
时日本派有大批的留学生，到中国来学习中国文化，自然也学会了中
国的料理。南韩现在的所谓茶道，向西方人士夸说是日本独特的艺术，其实完全是中国的古风，明代以前的烹茶办法。除了日本以外，最讲
究喝茶的外国人，应该是英国人了，而英国人懂得喝茶，至今还不过
两三百年的历史。
11．际互联网最初是为美国国防部建立的一个试验性网络，现在
涵盖了世界范围内的2000多万台计算机，估计每年还要增加50万台。
它提供电子邮件、数以千计的简报式新闻以及各种数据库服务。你可
以用电子邮件把问候语与电视图像、声音、图表等压缩在一起。更重
要的是，它通过大信息量的数据交换促进人们之间的。人们已经进行
了在互联网现场传输声音互联网服务和图像的实验。互联网的庞大规
模使它成为信息高速公路的主干线。但为了支持越来越多的用户和多
媒体应用，必须增加频带宽度，这是信息高速公路的核心技术症结。
16
12．学问是自己的事，不能依靠别人的。环境好，图书设备充足，有良师益友指导启发，当然有很大的帮助，但是这些条件拥有，也不
一定能保证一个人在学问上就有成就。世间也有不少在上面学问上有
成就的人，并不具备这些条件。最重要的因素，还是个人自己的努力。求学是一件艰苦的事，许多人不能忍受艰难那短果的艰苦，所以不能
博得成功。
13. 价值观是社会精神支柱的一些原则，社会将这些价值观转换
为称为规范的行为准则。这些规范告诫人们他们应该如何行事，也使
人们清楚可以他们能预计到别人会如何行事。能遵循遵循这些规范的
人被当作“正常人”而为社会所接纳。那些不遵循社会规范的人们则
避之不及。有些规范表明在处理社会关系中能够社会形态做什么，不
能够做什么，另一些规范则有更大的社会力量来强化它们。
14. 无视法律的行为带来的危害是多种多样司法的。在人行道上
随地吐痰当然是的，但比起那些大工厂在违规的地方埋置危险化学废
料违法行为，则对人分的危害小得多。乘地铁逃票当然没有像房东无
视防火安全规定那样会危及人的生命安全。然而正是那些极常见的玩
忽法律（scofflawry）的行为造成的危害最直接、最严重了。 17
而且一旦形成习惯，已成普遍经常性的东西，就可能破坏社会结构。
18
Unit7 汉译英 1. 警察放大了失踪女孩的照片，这样他们能容易认出她。(Use "have + object + V-ed" structure) The police had the photograph of the missing girl enlarged so that they could recognize her easily. 2. 我喜欢乘公共汽车上班，而不是自己驾车。那天上午也不例外。(rather than, no exception) When I go to work, I prefer to take a bus rather than drive and that morning was no exception. 3. 这位老人见到自己的孙女走进屋时站了起来，竟意想不到地移动了几步，就好像他能行走了似的。(get to one's feet, as if) When he saw his granddaughter coming into the house (Seeing his granddaughter coming into the house), the old man got to his feet and moved several steps unexpectedly as if he could walk by himself. 4. 当时我们的注意力全集中在那幅画上，没有注意到四周有什么异样情况，所以也不能提供任何额外的细节。(focus on, additional details) At that time we focused our attention on that painting without noticing anything unusual around us, and we can't offer any additional details. 5. 这两个劫匪的作案手法表明他们可能就是过去几个月里这一地区多起抢劫案的元凶。(commit) The two robbers' methods suggested they might be the same men who had committed a number of robberies in the area over the past few months. 6. 无论这个问题多么令人讨厌，它都是我们必须正视的问题。(no matter how) It's a question we have to face no matter how unpleasant it is. 英译汉 1. Experience told him that a woman's natural instinct was to defend herself rather than hurt the attacker. 经验告诉他，妇女的天性是保护自己而不是去伤害攻击者。 2. The room is looking much better since she had the walls repainted. 自从她把墙重新粉刷了后，这房间好看多了。 3. Teenage crime was out of control in many parts of the country, and this city was no exception. 在这个国家的许多地方，青少年犯罪已经失去了控制，这个城市也不例外。 4. Weeks after the robbery, he was afraid to go outside, fearing that he would come face to face with the robber a second time. 抢劫案发生后的几周，他不敢出门，害怕自己再次与劫匪面对面遭遇。 5. The victim described to the policemen how a man, who suddenly emerged from the shrub, robbed her. 受害者向警察描述她是怎样突然遭到一个从灌木丛中出来的人抢劫的。 6. For many Americans today, weekend work has unfortunately become the rule rather than the exception. 如今，对许多美国人来说，周末工作已经不幸地成为了惯例，而不是例外。 Unit9
高考英语翻译技巧与能力训练 高考英语中的翻译（中译英）题要求考生能应用所学过的语法和词汇来准确地表达思想，是一种要求相当高的考查形式。要求考生把中文的句子译成通顺的、语法结构正确的、符合英语表达习惯的英语句子，并能准确地传达中文句子中的每一个信息。该题型全面地考查学生英语词汇、语法等知识的综合运用能力，它对学生的动词时态、语态、名词的单复数、冠词、形容词、副词、介词等应用能力，还对学生的词组、句型、句子结构等进行了全面考查。翻译不仅在高考英语主观题中占不小的比例，而且翻译能力还直接影响考生在作文中的表现。 高考评分标准: 1．每题中单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误每两处扣一分；2．语法错误（包括时态错误）每处扣一分；3．译文没用所给的单词扣一分。 如何才能提高中译英水准，在高考中获得理想的分数呢？考生除了必须具备比较扎实的语言基础外，关键还在于学会总结规律，找准中译英的切入点。 一、分析句子结构、寻找合适的句型 中文必须仔细读，一定要看的就是题目给我们的关键字或关键的词组，也就是我们常说的key words。尤其是最后两句翻译句子，它们大都在句子结构上提高了难度。读什么？读出句子结构：对于简单句，辨别出主谓宾，分清定语、同位语和状语；对于并列句，记住两个语法意义上独立的分句，须由连词连接起来；对于复合句，须区分定语从句，名词性从句以及状语从句。一般来说，中译英的句型可分为三大类：1.简单句；2.并列句；3.复合句；同时我们也要注意非谓语动词及其他一些特殊结构。回顾近几年的高考试题时，也不难发现试题中考了一些特殊句式。如：It句型(近几年考得较为频繁)、倒装句、with结构。 例1: 昨天我的电脑坏了。(wrong) 解析：本题考查：1)简单句There be结构；2)wrong的用法；3)中英文表达的差异。 译句：There was something wrong with my computer yesterday. 例2: 遇到困难的时候，我们需要的不是彼此埋怨，而是互相帮助。(not…but) 解析：本题考查：1)复合句：when引导的状语从句；what引导的主语从句；2)not…but结构；3)“彼此埋怨”的英文翻译。 译句：When(we are)in difficulty/When we meet with difficulties/When we have difficulties ,what we need is not to blame each other but to help each other. 例3：我们能做什么来阻止这种疾病蔓延呢？（prevent） 分析：如果有学生没有读全中文原句的话，就很有可能看成是以前所做的“我们要做些什么来阻止这种疾病的蔓延”，而译为We should do something to prevent the spread of this disease.因为这个原因而造成扣分，就太不应该了。 译句：What can we do to prevent the spread of this disease? 例4：他很有可能通过自己的努力得到驾驶执照。（likely） 译句：He is likely to get the driving license with his own efforts. 分析：有些学生一看到有可能，就会想到自己比较熟悉的possible，想当然地翻译成It is possible that…的结构。其实，学生对likely这个key word的使用也是会的，完全能够使用be likely to do或It’s likely th at…的结构。 例5：上海近几年经历了许多变化，如今已成为世界闻名的经济中心。（go through） 分析：乍一看，学生很容易轻易下笔，Shanghai has gone through…,it has become…，这已成为很多学生的一个习惯，句子和句子中随便用逗号隔开，英语不像中文，必须要考虑到句子的结构，逗号也不能随意使用。而此句中，就要想到用并列句中的连接词and来连接两个成分。
《科技英语翻译》课程练习三答案 一、词义选择 二、词义引申 1. 具体化引申 1) High-speed grinding does not know this disadvantage. 译文：高速磨削不存在此不足。 2) The casting takes both the size and the shape of mould. 译文：铸件的体积和形状随铸型而异。 3) Alloy belongs to a half-way house between mixtures and compounds. 译文：合金是介于混合物和化合物之间的一种中间结构。 4) This new crucible furnace is a fuel-efficient model. 译文：这种新型坩锅炉是节油型锅炉。 5) This shows that a vacuum, which is the absence of matter, cannot transmit sound. 译文：这表明真空，即没有空气的状态下，不能传播声音。 6) The bridge was so well built that it lasted for a hundred years. 译文：这座桥建造非常牢固，已使用了百年。 2. 抽象化引申 1) They reach their programmed positions within a few seconds of each other and detonate. Anything nearby is a goner. 译文：导弹相继以几秒之差到达程序制导目标引爆。附近的一切顷刻覆灭。(原文中的goner，本义是“无可挽救的人(或物)”，意义很具体，但如果按照这种直译则文理不通，因此基于goner的内涵及联想意义，作抽象化引申为“顷刻覆灭”。) 2) The major contributors in component technology have been in the semi — conductors. 译文：元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。(contributors一词本义指“贡献者”，表示具体的人，如直接翻译为“主要贡献者”则不符合汉语的语言习惯，因此将该词作抽象化引申，译为“起主要作用”。) 3) These gases trap the sun’s heat whereas sulphur dioxide cools the atmosphere. 译文：这些气体留住了阳光中的热量，而二氧化硫使空气冷却。(从该词与句中宾语的逻辑匹配关系看，若直译为“设陷阱捕捉”，显然文句不顺。因此，抽象化引申为“留住”。)
电子信息工程专业课程名称中英文翻译对照 （2009级培养计划）
实践环节翻译 高等数学Advanced Mathematics
大学物理College Physics 线性代数Linear Algebra 复变函数与积分变换Functions of Complex Variable and Integral Transforms 概率论与随机过程Probability and Random Process 物理实验Experiments of College Physics 数理方程Equations of Mathematical Physics 电子信息工程概论Introduction to Electronic and Information Engineering 计算机应用基础Fundamentals of Computer Application 电路原理Principles of Circuit 模拟电子技术基础Fundamentals of Analog Electronics 数字电子技术基础Fundamentals of Digital Electronics C语言程序设计The C Programming Language 信息论基础Fundamentals of Information Theory 信号与线性系统Signals and Linear Systems 微机原理与接口技术Microcomputer Principles and Interface Technology 马克思主义基本原理Fundamentals of Marxism 思想、理论和“三个代表” 重要思想概论 Thoughts of Mao and Deng 中国近现代史纲要Modern Chinese History 思想道德修养与法律基 础 Moral Education & Law Basis 形势与政策Situation and Policy 英语College English 体育Physical Education 当代世界经济与政治Modern Global Economy and Politics 卫生健康教育Health Education 心理健康知识讲座Psychological Health Knowledge Lecture 公共艺术课程Public Arts 文献检索Literature Retrieval 军事理论Military Theory 普通话语音常识及训练Mandarin Knowledge and Training 大学生职业生涯策划 （就业指导） Career Planning (Guidance of Employment ) 专题学术讲座Optional Course Lecture 科技文献写作Sci-tech Document Writing 高频电子线路High-Frequency Electronic Circuits 通信原理Communications Theory 数字信号处理Digital Signal Processing 计算机网络Computer Networks 电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology 现代通信技术Modern Communications Technology
新标准大学英语1课后翻译unit1-5 UNIT1 1. 他们对业余剧社的介绍给索菲留下了深刻的印象，于是她就报了名。(Amateur Dramatics; sign up for) Their introduction of Amateur Dramatics impressed Sophie so much that she signed up for it. 2. 网络教育为全职人员提供了利用业余时间接受继续教育的机会。(work full time) Online education provides those who work full time with opportunities to receive further education in their spare time. 3. 刚上大学时，他不知道是否需要把老师讲的内容一字不落地都记下来。(be supposed to; scribble down) When he first arrived at university, he was not sure whether he was supposed to scribble down every word out of the professor's mouth. 4. 没有人觉察出他隐藏在笑容背后的绝望。(detect) Nobody detects his despair well hidden behind his smile. 5. 有些学生能轻松自如地与陌生人交谈，可有些学生却很难做到这一点。(be easy about) Some students are easy about talking with strangers, while some others find it hard to do so.
一单元A 1.She wouldn't take a drink, much less could she stay for dinner. 她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 2.He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth.他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。 3.How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？ 4.The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. 他们利润增长，部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 5.Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。 6.We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。 1. I don't think that he would commit robbery, much less would he commit violent robbery.我认为他不会抢劫,更不用说暴力抢劫了. 2. Men earn ten dollars an hour on average, whereas women only seven dollars.男工平均工资每小时10美元,而女工才每小时7美元. 3. Once the balance in nature is disturbed, it will result in a number of possible unforeseeable effects.自然界的平衡一旦遭到破坏,就会带来很多不可预知的影响. 4. The final examination is close at hand; you'd better spend more time reading.期终考试迫在眉睫,你最好多花点时间看书. 5. What is interesting is that consumers find it increasingly difficult to identify the nationality of certain brands. This is due partly to globalization and partly to changes in the location of production.有趣的是,消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的原产国.其部分原因来自于全球化带来的影响,部分原因是由于产地的变化. 6. A recent survey showed that women account for 40 percent of the total workforce.最近一次调查表明,妇女占总劳动力的40%. 二A 1. Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, she is never babied by her parents. 尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。 2. Mike didn't come to the party last night, nor did he call me to give an explanation. 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。 3. The person sitting next to him did publish some novels, but he is by no means a great writer. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但决不是什么大作家。 4. He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses. 他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。 5. The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence. 经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。 6. This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience. 这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。 B 1. They persisted in carrying out the project despite the fact that it had proved unworkable at the
论文：浅析英语翻译能力提升的障碍和策略摘要：翻译能力是英语综合能力的重要组成部分，也是英语专业学生必需具备的基本能力。要全面提升英语翻译能力，需要了解英汉两种文化的差异性，具备深厚的语言功底，掌握熟练的翻译技巧。 关键字：英语翻译能力；提升；障碍；策略 中西文化差异是影响英语翻译能力提升的重要因素，除了文化因素外，英语翻译能力的提升还受到其他因素的影响，本文将进一步的展开叙述影响英语翻译能力提升的障碍及其相应的策略。 一、影响英语翻译能力提升的障碍 1．中西文化的差异性容易造成英语翻译误会 英语翻译就是汉语和英语相互转换的过程，这个过程不仅仅是一种语言现象，也体现了跨文化现象。具体来说，中西方的文化差异体现在文化传统、生活习惯、价值观念和思维方式等方面，而这些层面的差异性往往会造成人们对同一事物有着不同的理解和解释，因此不同文化的差异性容易造成英语翻译的误会。比如，生活中最常见的信封的写法，在中国，习惯的书写顺序是国名，省、市、县、街道，最后才是收信人姓名。而在西方国家信封的书写顺序恰好相反。因此在学习英语知识的同时，需要更加注意对英语文化知识的了解和掌握。
2．语言基础知识掌握不扎实，影响了翻译的准确性 英语翻译就是英汉两种语言之间的相互转换，在转换的过程中主要涉及两个方面，首先翻译者要正确地领悟原文的意思，其次要通过译文将原文确切的表达出来，达到“信达雅”的标准。因此翻译者需要牢固地掌握英汉两种语言。但是由于多方面的因素，翻译者的语言基础知识掌握不扎实，很多翻译者的词汇量太少，经常背了忘，而又不重视巩固复习，或者死记硬背不会灵活运用，此外，语法掌握也不扎实，对一些基本的句型模棱两可，不能正确理解更不会运用。 二、提升英语翻译能力的具体策略 1．通过词汇、语法和阅读，了解中西文化之间的差异性 在英语的学习中，提高英语翻译能力，不仅要加强英语语言知识的学习，还要注重对英语文化知识的了解。具体来说，可以通过词汇、语法以及阅读等的学习获取英语文化知识。 首先，通过词汇的学习了解中西文化知识。词汇是英语语言的基本元素，掌握词汇的过程中，仅仅注重词汇正确的拼写和准确的发音是远远不够的，更主要的是学会如何恰当的运用词汇和组织词汇。因此，在背诵英语词汇意思的基础之上还需要进一步了解词汇产生的文化背景知识，尤其是了解习语、谚语和成语这一类词语的文化内涵、感情色彩以及
翻译课学习心得 总体上看，这门课更加深化了我对翻译的理解，即只学习中英文语言是不够的，翻译需要大量的实践和丰富的理论知识做基础。而且，翻译过来的句子和文章也要有一定的逻辑性才又意义，才是真正使用的翻译。 在题材上，这学期我们既接触了应用文本，也涉猎了文学翻译。内容上，翻译学习广泛涵盖了广告、企宣、法律、政府文本、金融、文化各个领域。内容丰富，形式多样，不仅锻炼了我们的翻译能力，也开拓了我们的眼界。一个学期下来，让我收获很多，主要是以下几个方面： 首先，要想把翻译搞好，就要把基础知识弄扎实，稳固的基础知识是良好翻译的前提。在这样的前提下，就需要我们平时多积累单词，没有大的词汇量根本没有办法顺利完成翻译。单词不用刻意去背，但一定要从平时的学习中去汇总报告，去积累。值得注意的是一些固定搭配的词汇、俚语或成语，和在特定场合或在专业领域里有着不同解释的词汇。比如，就在红楼梦的诗歌翻译中，形容中国的父母就用了“”这个词，就很好形容了中国父母对子女的爱，这不是普通寻常的关爱，而是“溺爱，宠爱”，这要让我翻译，以我现在的水平确实是想不到用这个词的，这一点上课的时候我就深有思想到。又比如，在政府类的文本里面，任务到底是翻译成“，，还是”，这就需要我们平时多思想到，多留心，多揣摩相近词汇的细微差异了。
其次，语法知识的牢固是英语专业必须做到的本质工作，牢固的语法知识会帮助我们理解和翻译。若语法不牢，那就根本不懂句子的逻辑关系，从而不能理解其所表达的含义。 此外，各个方面的知识也需要我们的掌握。这也是翻译专业区别于非翻译专业的一个特点。不仅是文化方面，经济，政治，饮食等等都需要积累。因为将来若要从事翻译，那是触及到知识的方方面面，各行各业，知识的积累就能帮助做到面面俱到。学习英语翻译，就是学会将母语中文翻译成英语，以及把英语翻译成中文的一个过程。比如，在翻译人民币国际化的文本中，就出现了大量的金融词汇和众多的专业化表述，这不是临阵磨枪可以解决的，而是需要长时间的积累，大量的阅读，才能在翻译专业文献时，用专业术语传递专业知识。。 除了要对英语知识的掌握以外，母语也不能被丢掉。我们还需要多阅读中文书籍，多揣摩中文的字词句，这样表达上就会更灵巧，翻译的也会更得体。这一点在翻译英文文学作品时，尤为突出。高中时候给我打下的坚实中文写作功底，让我在翻译英文小说的时候更加得心应手，用简洁凝练的语言，优美典雅的文笔，将一个个跳跃的英文字符转换成沉稳的方块字。 翻译学习除了要不断地积累之外还要不断地练习。在掌握了一定的知识储备之后就要把它们拿来操练。多练习翻译，并且拿别人的译文来与自己的做比较，吸收别人的长处，找出自己的不足。每次课上读到同学译文的连珠妙语时，都让我心折。同时，在交流
西安翻译学院各专业主要课程一览表 类型 层次开设院系专 业 名 称 专业代码主要课程 计划内本科外国语学院英 语 050201 基础英语、英语听 力、英语口语、英 语写作、英语泛 读、高级英语、英 汉、汉英翻译、英 语语言学、英美文 学等。 日 语 050207 基础日语、高级日 语、日语视听、日 语口语、日汉翻 译、日语写作、日 本文学选读、日本 概况等。 德 语 050203* 基础德语、语言训 练、德语听说、德 语写作、德语泛 读、德语国家概 况、德语语法难 点、高级德语、德 汉-汉德翻译、口 译、德国文学作品 选读等。 #p#分页标题#e# 计划内本科经济管理学院财 务 管 理 110204 基础会计学、微观 经济学、宏观经济 学、统计学、管理 学、审计学、市场 营销、中级财务会 计、中级财务管 理、高级财务管 理、资产评估、财 务分析、管理信息 系统、投资学等。国 际 020102 微观经济学、宏观 经济学、国际经济
经济和贸易学、计量经济学、世界经济概论、国际贸易、国际贸易实务、国际金融、国际结算、货币银行学、会计学、统计学等。 人力 资源管理110205 管理学、人力资源 管理学、微观经济 学、宏观经济学、 统计学、基础会计 学、社会保障制 度、经济法、财务 管理、劳动关系管 理、市场营销学 等。 市 场营销110202 微观经济学、宏观 经济学、管理学、 货币银行学、经济 法、基础会计学、 统计学、财务管 理、市场营销学、 消费者行为学、广 告管理、市场调查 和预测、服务营销 学、物流管理等。 计划内 #p#分页标题#e# 本科信息工程学院 电 子 信 息 科 学 和 技 术 071201 电路原理、模拟电 子线路、高频电子 线路、数字电路及 逻辑设计、通信原 理、信号和系统、 微机原理和接口 技术、数字信号处 理、自动控制原 理、计算机网络和 通信、天线和电波 传播等 计 算 机 科 学 和 技 080605 电路原理、线性代 数、模拟电子线 路、概率论和数理 统计、数据结构、 计算机组成原理、 数字电路和逻辑 设计、汇编语言程
翻译：UNIT 1 1. 据报道，他非常富有, 是做武器交易的。(trade in) It is reported that he is very rich and that he is a man who trades in weapons. 2. 任何国家的人，无论男女，都应反对战争, 因为战争会毁灭国家。(destroy) Men or women of any country should be against war as it can destroy the country. 3. 人们称诺贝尔是一个致力于和平事业的人和一个富有爱心的人。 (a man full of) People call Nobel a man of peace and a man full of love. 4. 在雨季渡过那条河非常危险。(cross the river) It is very dangerous to cross the river during the raining season. 5. 他不知所措，因为对他来说开山修路是件新鲜事。(build roads through mountains) 1. Alfred Nobel invented his explosive at a perfect moment in time. 诺贝尔在最合适不过的时刻发明了他的炸药。 2. He wanted to think of the best way for people to use his money after his death. 他要慎重考虑在他逝世后让人们用最佳方式使用他的遗产。 3. The world thinks of him the way he wanted to be remembered: Nobel, a man of peace. 全世界按照他所希望的方式怀念他，铭记他：诺贝尔，一个致力于和平事业的人。 4. He decided that after he died, his money should be used for a prize to honor people who did great things in science, writing, and world peace. 他做出决定，在他去世之后，他的遗产应当用来奖励那些在科学、文学和世界和平等领域做出卓越贡献的人。 5. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in l90l, and they very soon became the greatest honor that a person could receive in these fields. 最早的诺贝尔奖是在1901年授予的，这种奖励不久便成为人们在上述领域所能获得的最高荣誉。 UNIT 2 1. 因为他对各种文化和习俗感兴趣，他访问过20个国家。(all sorts of) He has visited 20 countries, as he is interested in all sorts of cultures and customs. 2. 诺贝尔希望人们把他作为热爱和平的人来记住他。(prefer) Alfred Nobel preferred people to remember him as a man of peace. 3. 但不是人人都同意你的观点，认为男人和女人具有同样的能力。(agree with) But not everyone would agree with you that men and women have the same abilities. 4. 这是一个很好的例子，说明受妇女运动的影响语言是如何变化的。(as a result of) That is a very good example of how the language has changed as a result of the women’s movement. 5. 两性在语言上的差异，实际上在所有语言中都有。(be present in) The differences between the sexes in language are, in fact, present in any kind of language. 1. I know you’ve written a lot about how language changes when we talk about the two sexes. 我知道，你写了很多论著, 探讨人们在谈论两性时语言如何发生变化。 2. You know English has several special words that people sometimes us e when they’re talking about women. 你知道，英语中有一些特殊的词是人们谈论女性时常用的。 3. We’ve changed dozens of words describing jobs. 许多描述职业的词都改变了。 4. They might think of some silly, beautiful woman who’s more worried about her hair than she is about the play. 他们也许会想到某个傻乎乎的漂亮女人，她关心自己的头发胜过关心戏剧表演。 5. If you travel to other cultures, you’ll find all sorts of amazing things. 如果你在异国文化中徜徉，便会发现各种各样令人惊讶的事情。 Unit 3 1. 这些孩子正在设法适应新的环境。(fit into) These children are trying to fit into their new conditions. 2. 夫妇两人打算今年庆祝结婚20周年纪念日。(celebrate) The husband and wife are going to celebrate their twentieth wedding anniversary this year. 3. 这个男人喜欢看报，也喜欢照料小孩。(look after) This man enjoys reading newspaper and looking after his child. 4. 他发现女儿正躺在床上看书。(lie in bed) He found his daughter lying in bed and reading a book. 5. 她皮肤白皙，头发呈红色，一双碧蓝的眼睛，看上去比以前更漂 亮了。(fair skin) With her very fair skin, red hair and blue eyes, she looks more beautiful than before. 1. The three children sat in the airplane, watching the clouds clear away as the airplane went higher and higher into the sky. 三个孩子坐在机舱里，注视着云彩随着飞机升空渐渐消散开去。 2. Although their father often spent days traveling round the sheep farm looking at the sheep, grass, and fences, their mother was always there. 虽然父亲常常一连几天绕着牧羊场转来转去，照看着绵羊、草地和围栏，但母亲总是在他们身旁。 3. The day Amy lea rned of the car accident and her parents’ death in Sydney, she realized what it really meant to be the eldest in the family. 获悉父母在悉尼死于车祸的那一天，艾米就意识到了作为家中的长女真正意味着什么。 4. Susie was too young to realize exactly what had happened, but through watching the other children, she knew it was something terrible. 苏茜当时年纪太小，未能确切地意识到究竟出了什么事，但通过观察其他孩子，她知道可怕的事情发生了。 in public. 艾米知道苏茜需要一个严厉的大人管教，但似乎阻止一场打斗比在众人面前驳斥她更 容易些。 5. Amy knew that she needed a firm parent, but it often seemed easier to avoid a fight than to stand UNIT 4 1. 伦敦和纽约是无法相比的，它们很不相同。(compare) It is impossible to compare London with New York; they are quite different. 2. 他用许多科学信息来支持自己的观点。(support ... with) He supported his opinion with a lot of scientific information 3. 我们认为有必要制定禁止在公共场所吸烟的法规，并严格地加以 实施。(enforce) We think that it is needed to work out laws and rules to stop smoking in public places and to strongly enforce them. 4. 我们可以用很多事实来证明吸烟危害人体健康。(prove) 1
浅议英语翻译能力的培养 高等学校很注重培养英语专业学生的翻译能力。要具备一定的翻译能力，学生必须具有深厚的语言功底?p广博的文化知识?p熟练的翻译技巧?p正确的翻译观念和严谨的翻译态度。因此，要培养和提高英语专业学生的翻译能力，教师应该从以下几个方面入手。 一?p掌握好汉语和英语的基础知识 翻译是一个语言转换的过程。从根本上讲，这个过程要解决两个问题：一是如何深刻地理解原文；二是如何用译文确切地表达原文的意思。因此，译者要较好地掌握英语和汉语两种语言，具备较强的语言理解能力和表达能力，这是做好翻译的前提条件。 从语言学角度讲，英语和汉语之间最大的区别莫过于形合和意合的区别。英语是重形合的语言，即英语中词语或句子间的连接主要依靠连接词来完成。汉语是重意合的语言，即汉语中词语或句子间的连接主要依靠语义或句子之间的逻辑关系来完成。例如“他今天没来，母亲住院了”（Hedidnotcometodaybecausehis mother was hospitalized），在这个例子中，汉语原文在表达因果关系时，没有使用任何表示因果关系的词汇，但是读者一看就能理解。然而，在翻译成英语的时候，必须加上连接词because，否则就会出现语法错误。二?p积累广博的文化知识 翻译材料涉及面极广，学生要具备渊博的知识。具体来说，文学性的翻译需要学生具备广博的文化知识，科技翻译需要学生具备相关的专业知识。另外，学生还要掌握大量的习语和俚语，这样在翻译时才不会被句子的字面意义所迷惑。如“I decidedto sit at his feet”这句话的字面意思是“我决定坐在他的脚上”，但实际上，“sit at his feet”是一个习语，表示“拜他为师”。 三?p培养严谨的翻译态度 英语和汉语的句子结构复杂，词汇意义也复杂多变，在翻译中出现错误是难以避免的，但是教师应该让学生尽量避免错误，避免粗枝大叶，望文生义。此外，学生在翻译时还应多关注细节，如单词的拼写?p标点符号?p小词等。例如，“中国政府”应该翻译成Chinese government还是the Chinese government这
Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics 高等计算流体力学 Advanced Mathematics 高等数学 Advanced Numerical Analysis 高等数值分析 Algorithmic Language 算法语言 Analogical Electronics 模拟电子电路 Artificial Intelligence Programming 人工智能程序设计 Audit 审计学 Automatic Control System 自动控制系统 Automatic Control Theory 自动控制理论 Auto-Measurement Technique 自动检测技术 Basis of Software Technique 软件技术基础 Calculus 微积分 Catalysis Principles 催化原理 Chemical Engineering Document Retrieval 化工文献检索 Circuitry 电子线路 College English 大学英语 College English Test (Band 4) CET-4 College English Test (Band 6) CET-6 College Physics 大学物理 Communication Fundamentals 通信原理 Comparative Economics 比较经济学 Complex Analysis 复变函数论 Computational Method 计算方法 Computer Graphics 图形学原理 computer organization 计算机组成原理 computer architecture 计算机系统结构 Computer Interface Technology 计算机接口技术 Contract Law 合同法 Cost Accounting 成本会计 Circuit Measurement Technology 电路测试技术 Database Principles 数据库原理 Design & Analysis System 系统分析与设计 Developmental Economics 发展经济学 discrete mathematics 离散数学 Digital Electronics 数字电子电路 Digital Image Processing 数字图像处理 Digital Signal Processing 数字信号处理 Econometrics 经济计量学 Economical Efficiency Analysis for Chemical Technology 化工技术经济分析Economy of Capitalism 资本主义经济 Electromagnetic Fields & Magnetic Waves 电磁场与电磁波 Electrical Engineering Practice 电工实习 Enterprise Accounting 企业会计学 Equations of Mathematical Physics 数理方程