当前位置:文档之家› 介词和连词教案

介词和连词教案

介词和连词教案
介词和连词教案

中考英语总复习之介词和连词

教学目标:复习介词和连词

教学重点和难点: 1、介词的分类与语法功能 2、介词搭配

3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析 5、连词的种类 6、常用连词

能力要求:学会介词和连词的使用

教学方法:采用多媒体课件,教师主导,以练为主、讲练结合

教学过程:

Step1 一,介词

1、介词的分类与语法功能

(1)介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。介词分为:简单介词,如at、in、for等;合成介词,如within、inside、onto、througout等;短语介词,如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词,如from behind / above / under、until after等。分词介词,如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。

常见的介词宾语:名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如:

①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.

②He quarrelled with her yesterday.

③He succeeded in passing the final exam.

④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.

⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.

(2)介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如:

①This machine is in good condition.(表语)

②Where is the key to my bike?(定语)

③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)

④She always thinks herself above others.(宾补)

2、介词搭配

(1)“动词+介词”搭配:注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。

①rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow(“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of 连用)

②supply us with food / fill the glass with wine(“供给”意义的动词与with连用)

③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into

a coat(“制作、制造”意义与of、from、into连用)

④介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系(=动词 + sb.’s + 部位,可换用)

strike him on the head(“击,拍,碰,摸”意义与on连用)

catch him by the arm(“抓,拉,拿,扯”意义与by连用)

hit the boy in the face(“肚,胸,眼,脸”等人体前部与in连用)

⑤prevent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.(“阻止,禁止”意义与from 连用)

⑥persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth.(“说服,建议”意义与into连用)

⑦buy sb. for sth.(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意义与for 连用)

⑧tell sth.to sb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意义与

to连用)

⑨give sth. to sb.(give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意义与to连用)

注意:⑦⑧⑨可换成buy sb.sth.双宾结构。

⑩say to sb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest sb.sth.。

同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同。

同一介词与不同动词搭配,意义各异。

reply to the letter回信,sing(dance)to the music和……唱(跳),amount

to 达到,加起来有

……,devote to把……贡献给,drink to为……干杯,object to反对,look forward to 渴望,come to苏醒,belong to属于,search for搜……,ask … for … 寻找,use … for用作,leave for前往,take … for误以为,call of倡导,wait for等待,care for喜欢,make up for弥补损失,turn to 求助(救)于,help oneself to随意,agree to同意,compare … to把……比作,send for派人去请(拿)……,sail for驶向,航向,set out for动身去,go in for爱好……。

(2)常见“形容词 + 介词”搭配。

worthy of值得的,glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴,far from 离……远,grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感激某人,free from没有……(免除……),proud of(take pride in)自豪,satisfied with (by)满意,sure of / about确信,fond of喜欢,fit for适合,busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙着干某事,full of充满,ready for准备,similar to相似,wrong with

不对;有毛病……

(3)“名词 + 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。

3、核心介词用法归纳与辨析

(1)表示时间的介词in的用法如下。

表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in,

如:in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in(the) winter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。

还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如:in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, evening)。但要注意:

①at night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night(大夜间)。

②in five days(weeks, months, years)中in意思是“在……以后”。

③in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如:in the night, during the night, in the war, during the war。但略有区别:当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during,接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如:

(2)在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on。

(3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。

at breakfast(supper, lunch),at six

at noon (sunrise, sunset, midday, night, midnight, dawn)

at the age of 15, at the time of war,但in time of danger/ trouble。

注意:有些时间名词前不接介词。如:

next day、last Sunday、that morning、these years

one、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如some day

one day、yesterday / afternoon,the night before

(4)till、until、to的用法。

①till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中,与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如:

He waited for me till twelve o’clock.

He didn’t get up till(until) 10 a.m.(不可用to).

但注意:在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。如:

Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.

②to表“终结”时常用和from连用,但要注意不与from连用时的意

义。如:from July to September, from six to(till)eight(从……到……为止),但from morning till night(从早到晚),不能用to。from … to常构成习惯搭配,不可换用其他介词。(A)表持久连续、传递、转移的含义。from time to time(不时,有时),from day to day (天天),from hand to hand(不断传下去),from place to place(处处,到处),from side to side(左右摇摆),from door to door(家家户户),from house to house(挨家挨户),from shop to shop(一个商店接一个商店)。(B)表起始终止的全过程或程度加深、状态变化。from beginning to end(从头到尾,自始至终)(from the beginning to the end of…);from hand to mouth(仅能糊口),from bad to worse(越来越糟),from head to foot(从头到脚),

from top to bottom(整个地,彻底地),from top to toe(全身),from start to finish(自始至终,从头到尾)。(C)from one + 名词 + to another表示

“依次”。如from one car to another(顺着车厢依次地)。(D)名词 + by + 同一单数名词,表示“一个一个地”,要与from … to短语区别开:one by one 一个一个地;little by little(bit)一点一点地;step by step 一步一步地,逐渐地(但by and by 不久以后);sentence by sentence逐句地;day by day 一天一天地;side b y side(with…)(和……)并肩,一起;shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地,齐心协力;hand in hand 手拉手,紧紧地;face to face面对面。

(5)in、after、later

①in + 一段时间:表示说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般将来时连用;但表示“在……之内”时,用于各种时态。

②一段时间 + later(later是副词):表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。

③after + 一段时间表示:“在……之后”,用于一般过去时;但时间为点时间时,只能用after,即after + 点时间,用于各种时态。

The doctor will be with us in six minutes.

She graduated in 1981,and eight years later she became the manager of the factory.

He received her letter after four weeks.

另外,in + 一段时间+ ’s + time 与 within + 一段时间的用法如下:in a week’s time = in a week

They will arrive in three days’ time.(与将来时连用)

My brother’s birthday is in two weeks’ time.(作表语)

I’ll finish the book within two weeks.(within = in less than…用于各种时态,不超出,在……之内)

(6)地点介词at、on、in、to、across、through、over、under、below。

①at 在较小的场所,in在较大的场所,on在……的平面上。如at the door、at the airport、at the station、at 55 Park Street、in China、in the north、in Asia、on the desk、on the wall等。

②on、at、in还可以表示两地相对位置。若A地属于B地,用in;A地位于B地的外面且有边缘衔接用on;无边缘的衔接有to。如:

Japan lies to the east of China.(范围之外)

Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.(范围之外)

Hunan province lies on the west of Hubei province.(毗邻)

The island lies off the coast of China.(相隔一定距离)

③地点介词的引申、比喻意义:in the sun在阳光下,in the dark(ness)在黑暗中,in the dark不知道,in freezing weather在严寒天气中,in the mud 在泥中,in the earth在地下,in the desert在沙漠中,in a heavy rain 在大雨中,in the snow / wind在雪/风中,in public 当众,in trouble 在困境中,get into trouble陷入困境,out of trouble摆脱困难,beyond hope绝望。

④across在物体表面“穿过”;through则表示在三维空间内部“穿过”。如:

They walked across the playground.

I walked through the forest.

⑤over / under / above / below。

over、above译作“在……之上”;under、below译作“在……的下面”,其区别在于over、under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系;而above、below 则表示一般的“高于”或“低于”,不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。如:

A little boat is now under the bridge.

There is a bridge over the river.

The sun sinks below the horizon(地平线)

The window is well above the tree.

⑥表示地点介词的静态性和动态性

across the fields 跨过田野……, over the desert跨越沙漠

across the river横跨这条河……, over the hill翻过这座山be in the house(静态,在这里……) stay out of the car(静态,在……外)

go into the house(动态,进入) fly out of the country(动态,离开)

(7)表示方式、手段、工具的介词

①by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天。如He rent a house by the

year(day,hour).(按by+the+单位名称)但to the pound按磅算,to the ton

按吨计。

②表泛指的方式、手段

by post/mail邮寄,by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(电讯器材),by electricity用电,by machinery用电器,by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescop

③交通工具类

by bus/train/car/taxi(road)

by bike/bicycle,on horse back/on foot

by plane/jet/spaceship,by air

by ship/boat/lifeboat,by sea/by water

另外:by means of 用……方法,by way of 经由,取道于,用……方法,with the help (permission)of sb./with sb.’s help (permis-sion)。

④表方式、手段的其他用法

He beat the dog with a whip.(with+工具机器)

One smells with his nose.(with+人体器官,但by hand“手工,用手”) He stood up with pride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)

注意:使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如in English(ink,pencil)。另外如:in high (good,low)spirits,in anger,in joy,in comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in

surprise,in good(poor)health,in good order,in flower,in a way,in a low voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a

hurry,in(with)words,live/feed on food,kneel on one

’s knee,take(catch)sb.by surprise(出其不意)

(8)表示“除……之外”的几组常用介绍比较。

①besides 除……以外,(还有)。作副词时意思是“而且,更何况”。

Well all went to the cinema besides Shaw.除了肖外,我们都去了电影院。

It was too late to see a film, and besides, I was tired.

②except除去,除……之外(不再有)。

We all went except John.我们都去了,约翰没有。

在否定句中,两词可以换用,如:

He has no other hats except / besides this one.

③except for除了……(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明)后接名词、代词或what从句,此时与except that + 句子意思相同。

He was very clever except for carelessness.

④except that … 除了……一点以外。

He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses.

⑤but与except

but和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用,但应注意以下三点:

①前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时,多用but。

All but one are here.

Nobody but I likes making model ships.

②后接不定式短语为排除对象时,多用but。

He has nothing to do but wait.(前有do,后省to)

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档