【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语
二. 知识精讲
（一）动词的ing形式作表语
1. 动名词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的行为，这时主语与表语的位置可以互换。
Her duty is taking care of the babies.
照看婴儿是她的职责。
Our job is playing all kinds of music.
我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐
2. 现在分词作表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的位置不可互换
The music they are playing sounds exciting.
他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋
The film we saw last night is quite moving.
我们昨晚看的电影十分感人。
（二）动词的ing形式作定语
1. 动名词作定语，表示该名词的用途或与其有关的动作，通常只能放在所修饰的名词前。
a walking stick手杖reading room 阅览室washing machine洗衣机
2.现在分词作定语，说明所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态，现在分词与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达，单个的现在分词作定语常置于被修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定语须置于被修饰的名词后。
Nobody can stop the running horse(=the horse that is running).
没人能阻止那匹奔跑的马。
The student making the experiment(=who is making the experiment) is our monitor.
正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。
（三）动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行，这时宾语与宾补之间构成主谓关系，主要用于以下两类动词之后：
1. 表示感觉和状态的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, notice，catch，observe等。
I felt someone patting on the shoulder.
我感到有人拍了拍我的肩膀
I caught a stranger sliding into the manager’s office.
我无意中发现一个陌生人溜进了经理的办公室。
2. 表示“指使”等意义的动词，如have, set, keep, get, leave等
Do you think you can get the radio working ?
你认为你能修好这台收音机吗？
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting long.
对不起，让你久等了
知识拓展：
感官动词和使役动词后，除用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语外，还可以用省略to 的不定式（强调动作的完成，指全过程）及过去分词（宾语与宾补之间构成被动关系）作宾补。
I saw the thief get on the train and disappeared .
我看见那个贼上了火车，消失了。
There was so much noise in the hall that I couldn’t make myself heard.
大厅里太嘈杂了，我说话的声音无法被别人听到。
即学即用：
1. If a solution ________ the rivers against pollution is found, then our living surroundings will be improved.
A. to protect
B. protecting
C. to protecting
D. protect
2. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____ the desert.
A. covering
B. covered
C. cover
D. to cover
3. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put
B. to be put
C. to put
D. putting
4. ________ to give up smoking, he threw away his ________ cigarettes.
A. Determined; remained
B. Determined; remaining
C. Determining; remained
D. Determining; remaining
5. The houses ________ by the first company will be completed by the end of this year.
A. being built
B. built
C. to be building
D. to build
6. He was deeply _______because the story is ____________.
A. moved; moved
B. moving; moving
C. moved; moving
D. moving; moved
（四）现在分词（短语）（动词-ing形式）作状语
1. 现在分词（短语）作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。现在分词作状语可以表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随情况等。
（1）表示时间，作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句，有时可以在动词-ing 形式前加一个表示时间的连词，如when，while等。
Turning away (= When she turned around ), she saw a car driving up.
转过身来，她看见一辆车开过来了。
While shopping(= While I was shopping ) in the supermarket , I met an old friend of mine.
在超市购物时，我碰到了一个老朋友。
Having finished(=After he had finished ) the homework , Henry went home.
完成作业后，亨利就回家了。
(2）表示原因，作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。
Not knowing his telephone number (= Since I didn’t know …) , I couldn’t get in touch with
him.
由于不知道他的电话号码，我无法和他取得联系。
Having lived in London for many years (= Because I have lived …) , I almost know every place quite well.
在伦敦住过多年，我几乎对每个地方都很熟悉。
（3）表示结果，作结果状语，相当于结果状语从句。通常放在句末，中间有逗号隔开，表示一种自然的、顺理成章的结果。
The fire lasted nearly a month , leaving nothing valuable ( = and left nothing valuable).
大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下有用的东西。
His parents died in the accident, leaving him an orphan.
他的父母在车祸中丧生，以致他成了孤儿。
(4)表示条件，作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。
Being more careful ( = If you are more careful), you can make fewer mistakes.
如果你更细心点，就会少犯错误。
Working hard( = If you work hard ), you will succeed.
努力工作，你会成功的。
(5)表示让步，作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句，有时分词前可带有连词although , even if , even though.
Admitting what you say ( = Although I admit what you say ) , I still think you are wrong.
虽然承认你所说的话，但我仍然认为你错了。
Although repeating his words many times( = Although the teacher repeated …) , the teacher couldn’t make his students understand.
尽管重复了许多次，老师还是无法让学生理解他自己所说的话。
(6)表示方式、伴随或补充说明。
分词短语表示方式、伴随或补充说明时，常用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，常置于句末，可以用并列句来转换。
I stood by the door, not daring to say a word ( = and didn’t dare to say a word).
我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。
He was walking along the street , looking this and that (= and looked this and that ).
他左顾右盼地在街上走着。
When people heard about Qu Yuan’s death , they sailed up and down the river searching for his body(=and searched for his body ).
人们听到屈原的死讯后，在江上来来回回地寻找他的尸体。
2. 现在分词作状语时应注意的问题。
(1)现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性。当分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用分词的一般式。当现在分词的动作先于谓语动词的动作发生时，用分词的完成式。
Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address.
因为没听出这个人的声音，他没把自己的地址给他
Not having received his father’s letter, he decided to make a call to him.
因为没收到父亲的信，他决定打个电话给父亲
(2) 有时现在分词（短语）有自己的逻辑主语，它们之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，称之为独立主格结构。
It being a holiday , all the shops were shut.
由于是假期，所有的商店都关门了。
Class being over, children could play football.
下课了，孩子们可以踢足球了。
(3)动词-ing 形式可以作插入语，在句中作独立成分，表明说话人的态度。
常见的有：
generally / frankly (honesty ) / exactly(properly)/ speaking
一般/坦白/确切/严格来说
judging by / from …从……判断
considering …考虑到……
supposing …假设……
seeing …因为；鉴于；由于……
Generally speaking , the Chinese prefer tea to coffee.
一般来说，中国人爱喝茶而不爱喝咖啡。
Judging from his accent , he is from the south.
从他的口音判断，他是南方人。
即学即用：
1. It rained nonstop for ten days, completely our holiday.
A. to ruin
B. ruined
C. having ruined
D. ruining
2. The secretary worked late into the night, ____ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. was preparing
3. ___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received
4. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _____advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking
B. taken
C. having taken
D. having been taken
5. "Can’t you read?" Mary said ___________ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing
6. ______ you should have no trouble with the difficult work.
A. Knowing this
B. If you are knowing this
C. From knowing this
D. If you have knowing this
7. ________ by what everyone says about him, he has a good chance of winning.
A. Judged
B. To Judge
C. Having Judged
D. Judging
8. The earthquake ______ the tsunami (海啸) happened deep under the sea, _____ more than 200,000 people.
A. causing; killing
B. caused; killing
C. causing; killed
D. caused; killed
9. Though _____ natural resources, the area is well developed.
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in
10. ______, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A. General speaking
B. Speaking general
C. Generally speaking
D. Speaking generally
11. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair___________.
A. flowed in the breeze
B. was flowing in the breeze
C. were flowing in the breeze
D. flowing in the breeze
12. ________ like a great idea, what he said was accepted by all present immediately.
A. Sounded
B. Sounds
C. To sound
D. Sounding
【典型例题】
1. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, ________the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.
A. marking
B. marked
C. having marked
D. being marked
2. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, ______ in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future.
A. living; wondering
B. lived; wondering
C. lived; wondered
D. living; wondered
3. When we visited my old family home, memory came ______ back.
A. flooding
B. to flood
C. flood
D. flooded
4. They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly.
A. being run
B. run
C. to run
D. running
5. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____ all four people on board.
A. killed
B. killing
C. kills
D. to kill
6. ________ many times, he finally understood it.
A. Told
B. Telling
C. Having told
D. Having been told
7. There is a great deal of evidence that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A. indicate
B. indicating
C. to indicate
D. to be indicating
8. ______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.
A. Seeing
B. To see
C. See
D. Seen
9. ______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
A. Not realized
B. Not to realize
C. Not realizing
D. Not to have realized
10. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ___ to balance it.
A. having tried
B. trying
C. to try
D. tried
预习导学——Unit 4 Body language
（一）重点单词
statement n. 陈述，说明
greet vt. 问候；迎接
represent vt. 代表，象征
association n. 社团，联想，联系
curious adj. 好奇的
curiously adv. 好奇地
approach n. 接近，方法，途径
v. 接近，靠近
defend vt. 保护；保卫
defence n. 防御；保卫
major adj. 主要的
misunderstand vt. 误解；误会
misunderstanding n. 误解；误会
adult n. 成年人
adj. 成人的；成熟的
spoken adj. 口语的
unspoken adj. 未说出口的；非口语的
likely adj. 可能的
facial adj. 面部的
function n. 作用，功能，职能
v. 起作用
ease n. 安逸，舒适
truly adv. 真实地；真诚地；真正地
false adj. 错误的，假的
anger n. 怒气；怒火
subjective adj. 主观的
（二）重点短语
defend against 保卫……以免受
be likely to do 很可能……，有希望……
in general 总的来说，大体上
at ease 舒适，快活，自由自在
lose face 丢脸
turn one’s back to 背对；背弃
（三）重点句型
1. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
△过去分词短语作伴随状语。
2. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.
△not all 部分否定
△not …nor…既不……又不……
3. These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed.
△way 引导的定语从句。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
一. 单项选择
1. The salesman scolded the girl caught _____ and let her off.
A. to have stolen
B. to be stealing
C. to steal
D. stealing
2. —Can you lend me some money?
—I am _____than you . You know I live from hand to mouth .
A. better off
B. worse off
C. more badly
D. much poor
*3. The teacher went into the room , ______the boy ______outside.
A. left; standing
B. leaving ; standing
C. left; stand
D. leaving ; stand
4. With the electricity _____, all the machines stopped to work.
A. cut off
B. cut up
C. was cut off
D. was cut down
5. The students all wear the same uniform, so it’s hard for me to ______my son among them.
A. bring out
B. pick out
C. pick up
D. bring up
6. —How are you doing with your newly founded company, John?
—That’s too bad. The whole thing is _____ complete failure.
A. the
B. a
C. /
D. some
7. —What did she say just now?
—She said it ______, so I didn’t hear.
A. in surprise
B. in a whisper
C. in return
D. in relief
*8. —Where is our English teacher?
—She is in the classroom, _____ the exercises _________ the students have done at home.
A. explaining; /
B. explaining; for
C. explained; to
D. explained; from
9. Experts say children easily _____when they make a promise, so don’t depend on them in some important events.
A. apologize
B. react
C. regret
D. chew
10. In the study, I found my son ______ at a desk, with his attention ______ on a book.
A. sitting; fixing
B. sit; fixed
C. sitting; to be fixed
D. seated; fixed
11. Who starred ______the film set ______ Suzhou?
A. in; on
B. on ; in
C. in; at
D. in ; in
12. So long as we don’t lose heart, we will find a way to ______the difficulty.
A. overcome
B. contrast
C. content
D. contact
*13. ________，I have no difficulty in finding the famous actor’s house.
A. Directing by Jack
B. I was directed by Jack
C. With Jack directing me
D. Jack directed me
14. With online course Crazy English has over 20 million students all over China __________the class through the Internet .
A. attend
B. attended
C. attending
D. to be attending
**15. While watching television, ______________.
A. the door bell rang
B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring
D. we heard the doorbell rings
二. 完形填空
Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep? Are you often late for work or school? Then Hiroyuki Sugiyama of Japan has a(n) 16 bed for you. Hiroyuki’s bed will 17 you up in the morning! Here is how it 18 .
The bed is 19 an alarm clock. First, the alarm clock rings. You have a few minutes to
wake up. Next, a tape recorder in the bed plays 20 music or other pleasant sounds. The tape recorder in Hiroyuki’s bed plays a recording of his girlfriend. She whispers in a sweet 21 , “Wake up, darling, please.” A few minutes later, a second recording 22 . The sound recording can be loud music or 23 sounds. Hiroyuki hears a recording of his boss. His boss 24 , “Wake up immediately, 25 you’ll be late!”
If you don’t get up 26 the second recording, you 27 be sorry! A mechanical “foot” is in the bed. The mechanical foot kicks you in the head. Then the bed waits a few __28__ minutes. What! You’re 29 in bed! Slowly the 30 of the bed rises higher and higher. The foot of the bed goes lower and lower. 31 , the bed is vertical（垂直的）. You slide off the bed and onto the floor. You are out of bed and 32 .
Hiroyuki made his bed because he wanted to 33 a contest. He works for Honda Motor Company. Once every two years Honda has a contest for its 200,000 employees—“All-Honda Idea Contest.” The employees think of new 34 . If their ideas win, the employees win __35 . Hiroyuki Sugiyama won one of the top prizes for his bed.
16. A. expensive B. special C. valuable D. comfortable
17. A. get B. catch C. make D. let
18. A. works B. runs C. happens D. moves
19. A. separated from B. made up of C. connected to D. made into
20. A. loud B. classical C. pop D. soft
21. A. sound B. voice C. noise D. way
22. A. sends B. turns C. plays D. appears
23. A. pleasant B. interesting C. unpleasant D. funny
24. A. shouts B. announces C. whispers D. persuades
25. A. and B. but C. so D. or
26. A. before B. until C. since D. after
27. A. can B. will C. may D. need
28. A. other B. another C. more D. one
29. A. still B. yet C. already D. even
30. A. end B. middle C. body D. top
31. A. However B. Finally C. Therefore D. Otherwise
32. A. angry B. work C. happy D. awake
33. A. achieve B. win C. gain D. defeat
34. A. ideas B. thoughts C. facts D. ways
35. A. praises B. contests C. prizes D. medals
三. 阅读理解
A
We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn’t even lift her eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched mouth open in surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop. She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum nodded and said, “V ery dirty floors. ”
“Yes, I’m glad they’ve finally decided to clean them,”the nurse answered. She looked at
Mum strangely and said, “But aren’t you working late?”
Mum just pushed harder, each swipe(拖一下) of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book.
After a long time Mum came back. Her eyes were shining. She quickly put the mop back and took my hand. As we turned to go out of the door, Mum bowed politely to the nurse and said, “Thank you.”
Outside, Mum told me, “Dagmar is fine. No fever. ”
“You saw her, Mum?”
“Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. It’s a fine hospital. But such floors! A mop is no good. You need a brush.”
36. When she took a mop from the small room, what Mum really wanted to do was ________.
A. to clean the floor
B. to please the nurse
C. to see a patient
D. to surprise the story-teller
37. When the nurse talked to Mum she thought Mum was a ________.
A. nurse
B. visitor
C. patient
D. cleaner
38. After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?
A. It is a children’s hospital.
B. It has strict rules about visiting hours.
C. The conditions there aren’t very good.
D. The nurses and doctors there don’t work hard.
39. From the text we know that Dagmar is most likely _________.
A. the story-teller’s sister
B. Mum’s friend
C. the story-teller’s classmate
D. Dad’s boss
40. Which of the following words best describes Mum?
A. strange
B. warm-hearted
C. clever
D. hard-working
B
As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do-it-yourself” (DIY)trend in the US continues to grow.
“We needed furniture for our living room,” says John Ross, “ and we just didn’t have enough money to buy it. So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs.”John got married six months ago, and like many young people these days, they are struggling to make a home at a time when the cost of living is very high. The Rosses took a 2-week course for $ 280 at a night school. Now they build all their furniture and make repairs around the house. Jim Hatfield has three boys and his wife died. He has a full-time job at home as well as in a shoe making factory. Last month, he received a car repair bill for $ 420. “ I was deeply upset about it. Now I’ve finished a car repair course, I should be able to fix the car by myself.”
John and Jim are not unusual people. Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living. If you want to become a “do-it-yourselfer”, you can go to DIY classes. And for those who don’t have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.
41. We can learn from the text that many newly married people__________.
A. find it hard to pay for what they need
B. have to learn to make their own furniture
C. take DIY courses run by the government
D. seldom go to a department store to buy things
42. John and his wife went to evening classes to learn how to_________.
A. run a DIY shop
B. make or repair things
C. save time and money
D. improve the quality of life
43. When the writer says that Jim has a full-time job at home, he means Jim___________.
A. makes shoes in his home
B. does extra work at night
C. does his own car and home repairs
D. keeps house and looks after his children
44. Jim Hatfield decided to become a do-it-yourselfer when__________.
A. his car repairs cost too much
B. the car repair class was not helpful
C. he could no possible do two jobs
D. he had to raise the children all by himself
45. What would be the best title for the text?
A. The Joy of DIY.
B. You Can Do It Too!
C. Welcome to Our DIY Course!
D. Ross and Hatfield: Believers in DIY.
四. 书面表达
为了丰富同学们的课外活动，校学生会决定组建自行车俱乐部（Cycling Club）。假如你是学生会主席，请根据以下提示，用英语准备一份口头通知。
1. 俱乐部的主要活动内容：
●每周一次的基础训练，有教师辅导，安排在课外活动时间。
●每月一次的户外活动，安排在月末双休日。
●同其他团体进行比赛。
2. 参加俱乐部的好处：内容自拟，至少两点；
3. 注意事项：器材自备，活动免费。
4. 如何加入俱乐部（可以亲自到3号大楼4层402房间报名，也可以拨打电话：8236996报名）。
注意：
1. 通知应包括以上所有信息，可适当发挥，具有一定的说服力。
2. 词数：150左右。开头与结尾已写好，不计入总词数中。
Good afternoon, everyone！In order to make our school life more colorful,
___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Don’t wait. Join us now! Thank you!
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择
1. D 本题考查动词非谓语形式在句中作宾补的用法。本题旨在考查catch sb. doing sth.（发现某人做某事）这一短语，故先排除A、C两项，由于girl与catch之间是被动关系，因此需要用catch的过去分词形式作后置定语，stealing所作的只能是定语中的补足语，故本题最佳答案为D。
2. B 由题干中的than可知用比较级，故排除D项。badly的比较级为不规则变化，故排除C项。由题干后的“live from hand to mouth .”可知生活艰难，故B项符合题意。
3. B 句意：老师走进了教室，留下那个男孩站在外头。现在分词leaving作结果状语，standing作宾补，表示状态，leave sb. doing …“让……一直做某事”。
4. A 考查with的复合结构及短语辨析。electricity 与动词短语之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。cut off“切断（水、电等）供应”；cut up“切碎”；cut down “砍倒；削减”。C、D两项不能用于with的复合结构中，由题意可知答案为A。
5. B 句意：学生们都穿着同样的校服，因此对我来说在他们当中认出我的儿子有点困难。pick out “挑出；认出”；bring out “拿出”；pick up “捡起；偶然学会”；bring up “教育；抚养；呕吐”，根据句意可知答案为B。
6. B 考查冠词。failure用作可数名词时，意思是“一个失败的人或已经失败的事”。
7. B 考查固定搭配。由答语so I didn’t hear 可知，她说话时声音很低。in a whisper “耳语；低语”；in surprise“吃惊地”；in return “作为回报”；in relief “如释重负地”。
8. A explain的逻辑主语是she，用explaining作伴随状语，the students have done at home 为定语从句，省略了关系代词that/which。故选A。
9. C 考查动词辨析。句意：专家说儿童作出承诺时容易后悔。因此在一些重要事情上别依靠他们。regret“后悔”；apologize “道歉”；react“作出反应”；chew “咀嚼”。
10. D 此题考查不定式与分词作宾补的区别以及短语fix one’s attention的用法。解答此题时，应特别留意不定式与分词作宾补的区别；第二应注意倘若逻辑宾语提前，则with+复合宾语结构中的宾补应用过去分词表示被动。因为强调found的动作与sit同时进行，而省去to的不定式sit作宾补表示动作的完成，故第一个空中选sitting或seated皆可。第二个空中，attention原为fix的逻辑宾语，所以应选fixed作宾语补足语。
11. D star in “主演”，be set in “以……为背景”，set in Suzhou 是过去分词作film的后置定语，故选D。
12. A 考查单词辨析。o vercome“克服”；contrast“对比；对照”；content “使满足”；contact “接触；联系”。
13. C 考查with的复合结构。句意：在杰克的引领下，我们很容易地找到了那个著名演员的家。杰克与direct构成主谓关系，故在with的复合结构中用现在分词表示。A项中direct 与句子主语I应构成被动关系，故应用directed。B、D两项为完整的句子，后面的逗号不能连接两个完整的句子，故排除。
14. C 本题考查have sb. do/doing与have sth. done的用法区别。have sb. do sth.让某人做某事，have sb, doing sth.让某人处于某种状态一直做某事，have sth. done（让别人）做某事。
15. C 因为watching的逻辑主语一定是we，故排除选项A和B；又因在hear后作宾语补足语的是省略了to的不定式，所以选项D中的rings是错误的。
二. 完形填空
16－20BAACD 21－25 BCCAD 26－30 DBCAD 31－35 BDBAC
三. 阅读理解
36—40 CDBAC 41—45 ABDAB
四. 书面表达
One possible version:
Good afternoon, everyone! In order to make our school life more colorful, the Students’Union has decided to set up a Cycling Club.
Our Cycling Club will have a wide range of activities for members. We have basic training once a week, which will be instructed by teachers. It will be arranged during the time of after-class physical activities. There will also be an outdoor cycling trip at the last weekend of each month. And we will have some races with other teams if possible.
We are sure it will be an ideal place for you to make more friends, to experience the excitement of discovery, and to keep fit. Besides, if you are suffering the stress from study, it will be a great chance to relax yourself.
So, if you are interested in our club, just call us at 8236996, or you can come to our club in Room 402, on the fourth floor, Building 3. By the way, you have to get the equipment ready by yourself, but the charge for the club is free.
Don’t wait. Join us now! Thank you!
聚焦动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语,可以表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等。如: 1. While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (时间) 2. Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.(原因) 3. He came running back to tell us the news. (方式) 4. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. (伴随) 5. Working hard, you will succeed. (条件) 6. The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. (结果) 注意:①动词-ing形式作状语,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。 ②动词-ing形式前可有while, when, unless, though, if等连词。 [巩固练习] 从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ______ out of the window. (NMET 2004 II) A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 2. Having been attacked by terrorists, ______. (上海2004) A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists 3. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ______ the girl and took her away, ______ into the woods. (上海2004春) A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 4. Though ______ money, his parents managed to send him to university. (上海2002) A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 5. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (NMET 2001) A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 6. Finding her car stolen, ______. (上海2001) A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 7. ______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. (上海2001春) A. Suffered B. Suffering
动词ing形式的用法 一)Ving形式作定语 分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： The man standing by the window is our teacher. Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building. Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。 1. 表示动作（主动的、进行的动作）。 a waiting car = the car that is waiting a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。 [注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如： The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。 2. 表示用途： the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室 a working method 工作方法 He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。 【比较】 过去分词作定语： 及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。例如： That is the book written by Lu Xun. 那是鲁迅写的书。 He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。 不定式作定语： 用不定式作定语，其经常所修饰的名词、代词有：
动词-ing形式作表语定语，宾补及状语的用法 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1.表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing相当一个形容词） The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。 3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket) 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后 面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 2、当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语 的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
高中英语语法 动词ing形式做宾补表语定语状语用法详解及练习 第一部分：动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语 1．动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。 We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。 I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人从银行里跑出来。 I felt my heart beating violently. 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。 2．动词的-ing形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别 在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。 He saw a girl getting on the car. 他看见一个女孩在上汽车。 ) (She was getting on the car.) He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上车开走了。 (She got on the car and drove off.) Do you hear someone knocking at the door 你听见有人在敲门吗 (Someone is knocking at the door.) Do you hear someone knock at the door 你听见有人敲门了吗 (Someone knocked at the door just now.)
年级高一学科英语版本人教实验版 内容标题必修4 Unit 3 A taste of English humor动词-ing形式作表语、定语、 宾语补足语和状语 编稿老师林静 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语 二. 知识精讲 （一）动词的ing形式作表语 1. 动名词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的行为，这时主语与表语的位置可以互换。 Her duty is taking care of the babies. 照看婴儿是她的职责。 Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐 2. 现在分词作表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的位置不可互换 The music they are playing sounds exciting. 他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋 The film we saw last night is quite moving. 我们昨晚看的电影十分感人。 （二）动词的ing形式作定语 1. 动名词作定语，表示该名词的用途或与其有关的动作，通常只能放在所修饰的名词前。 a walking stick手杖reading room 阅览室washing machine洗衣机 2.现在分词作定语，说明所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态，现在分词与所修 饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达，单个的现在分词作定语常置于被 修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定语须置于被修饰的名词后。 Nobody can stop the running horse(=the horse that is running). 没人能阻止那匹奔跑的马。
动词的-ing形式作状语 【观察】观察下列句子中动词的-ing形式作状语的用法，然后加以总结。 1. Arriving at the classroom, the children began to do cleaning. 2. She doesn’t feel like eating anything, being ill for a few days. 3. Working hard, you will succeed sooner or later. 4. Weighing almost one hundred kilos, the stone was moved by him alone. 5. The song is sung all over the country, making it very popular. 6. Travelling by car, we visited many exciting and beautiful places. 7. While/When reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 8. Make sure to read all choices before deciding on the best answer. 9. After finishing reading the letter, he went on to write a reply. 10. On/Upon hearing their teacher’s voice, the pupils stopped talking at once. 11. The car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. 12. Though/Although raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 13. I have accepted this, not wanting to disappoint them. 14. Generally speaking, people like to hear compliments from others. 【总结】 Ⅰ. 动词的-ing形式作状语的用法 动词的-ing形式作状语，通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬。它可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式或伴随动作，相当于相应的状语从句。 ◆作时间状语，多置于句首，也可置于句末。（如例句1） ◆作原因状语，多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中。（如例句2） ◆作条件状语，多置于句首。（如例句3） ◆作让步状语，多置于句首。（如例句4） ◆作结果状语，多置于句末。（如例句5） ◆作方式或伴随状语，多置于句末，也可置于句首。（如例句6） 【区别】动词的-ing形式和动词不定式作结果状语： 动词的-ing形式表示“正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中的”结果。通常位于句末，其前有逗号隔开。有时为了强调，可在现在分词前加副词thus, therefore等。 动词不定式表示意料之外的结果。尤其是和only连用。如： She ran to the station, only to find that the train had left.
1.v-ing作状语可以修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随的情况等。 **时间状语 动词的ing形式作时间状语时相当于一个状语从句，几乎每一个动词ing作状语时都可以转换成一个时间状语从句。它表示动作如果和谓语动词的动作同时发生或紧接着发生，此时常用动词的ing形式的一般式，在强调动词的ing形式表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作时，用动词ing的完成时。 Eg；1.arriving in Paris，I lost my way。 =when I arrived in Paris，I lost my way。到巴黎后，我迷路了。 2.Hearing the exciting news，the boy jumped with joy。 =when the boy heard the exciting news，the boy jumped with joy。 听到这个令人激动的消息，男孩高兴得跳起来。 3.we are ready for the examination，having made full preparations。 = we are ready for the examination，when we have made full preparations。 我们已经做好充分的准备，现在可以应考了。 **原因状语
动词的ing 作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，同时也可以转变为一个原因状语从句。它表示的原因的动词ing 形式短语一般置于句首。 Eg；1.having smoked too much ，he has suffered from lung cancer。 =as he has smoked too much ，he has suffered from lung cancer 由于抽烟过多，他得了肺癌。 2.living far from my company，I have to get up early。 =because I live far from my company，I have to get up early。 由于住得离公司远，我只好早起。 3.not knowing her address，I might as well call her to come over。 =because I do not know her address，I might as well call her to come over。 不知道她的地址，我只好打电话让她来。 **结果状语 动词的ing作结果状语时，不常用，通常放在句末，中间有逗号。它可以转化成结果状语从句。 Eg；1.the fire lasted nearly a month，leaving nothing valuable。 大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有价值的东西。 **方式、伴随状语 动词ing表示方式或伴随情况是比较常见的，它用来说明发生的背景或情况。 Eg，1.I stood by the door，not daring to say a word。 我站在门旁边，不敢说一句话。 2.my parents wrote me a letter ，telling me to change my job。 我父母来信让换我工作。 3.i lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time。 我躺在草地上，长时间的望天空。 4.talking and laughing，the kids walked one by one into the classroom。 孩子们有一个个说有笑的走进教室。 5.theycame running all the way。 他们一路跑过来。 **条件状语
动词-----ing形式做状语小结,(珍藏版) 基本句型:动词----ing形式(短语),主语+谓语+其他句子成分 1 Not_________(know ) my cellphone number, they couldn't get in touch with me . (由于) 2Not_____ ________ (complete) the programme，they have to stay there for another two weeks . 3_____(hear) the news, they couldn`t help jumping. = On ____the news, they couldn't help jumping . 听到这个消息他们禁不住跳了起来. 4 when _____(leave) the station，he waved again and again to me . 5 After____(turn) off the TV Set, he began to go over the lessons. 关掉电视机以后，他便开始复习功课。 6. He sat in the Chair _____ (read) a newspaper. =He sat in the chair and ____( read) a newspaper. 7. The heavy snow lasted a week, ________(result) in serious traffic confusion in the whole city. (----ing形式做结果状语，放在句末表一种自然的结果) 8．________ (know)all this, they made me pay for the damage. 9.____ (work) hard at your lessons ，you will succeed. 10 If you___ (work) hard at your lessons，you will succeed. 11.___(work) hard and you will succeed. 12. A ______(move)film ，a______( move) girl A______ ( run) machine a _______( steal) car. A______(develop) country a--- (develop) country 13.I don't like__(can) food，I Prefer something fresh . 14._____(hear) he won first place finally ,we all jumped with joy. 15 China belongs to _______ (develop) countries. China has no time to lose to catch up with the ________(develop) countries.. 16 All of the girls are ________ in music.(interest) The story is very _________. 17. Mother heard the door______. Mother heard her kid________the door.(open) 18 . I heard my brother _______in the next room. I heard the song ______in English. (sing) 19. The news is really_______.( excite) He got very___ when he heard that she won the gold medal. 20. On____ ( receive) a phone call from his wife______(say)she had a fall，Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. 21._________ (Find) the course very difficult ,she decided to move to a lower level. 22 Lionel Messi,______(set)the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe .
动词的-ing形式作状语 吴国斌 动词的-ing形式作状语时，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，用来修饰谓语动词，常表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随、让步等情况，并可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。 1.表时间 Walking in the park，she saw an old friend. 在公园散步时，她看到一个老朋友。 ＝When she was walking in the park, she saw an old friend. Having finished the work, he went out to meet his friends. 完成工作后，他出去会朋友了。 ＝After he finished the work, he went out to meet his friends. 2.表原因 Having traveled to many places, he knows a lot. 到过很多的地方去旅游，他知道的很多。 ＝Since he has traveled to many places, he knows a lot. Being ill, he was sent to hospital. 由于生病，他被送往医院。 =Because he was ill, he was sent to hospital. 3.表伴随或方式 He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information. 他给我发了封电子邮件，希望得到更多的消息。 ＝He sent me an e-mail, and (he) hoped to get further information. 4.表条件 Going there by plane, you’ll arrive tomorrow morning. 如果你乘飞机去那里的话，明天早上就会到。 ＝If you go there by plane, you’ll arrive tomorrow morning. 5.表让步 Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake. 尽管告诉他许多次了，他仍旧犯同样的错误。 ＝Though he had been told many times, he still made the same mistake. 6.表结果（必然结果）
动词-ing做状语【学案】 （必修四第四单元语法点） 1.-ing短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原 因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。 2. -ing短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作，一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。 1. 作时间状语 -ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如： Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. =When______________________, they couldn’t help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。 Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After_______________________, I decided to write back. 收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。 注意：当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：having done _______________(finish) his homework, he rushed out to play basketball. 2. 作原因状语 -ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如：Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. =Because__________________, he couldn’t go to sleep. 因为太生气了，他不能入睡。Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. =_______________he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. 因为 他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。 3. 作条件状语 -ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：Working hard, you will succeed. =If______________, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。
词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随或补充。 1．表示时间: 动词-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。句首 或 句末 Turning around, she saw a car driving up. =When she turned around, she saw a car driving up. 她转过身，看见一辆车朝她开来。 2．表示原因: 表示原因的动词-ing形式一般置于句首，相当于一个原因状语从 句。句首 句中或 句末 Being ill, he could not walk any further. =As he was ill, he could not walk any further. 因为疲倦，他不能再往前走了。 3．表示结果: 动词-ing形式作状语表示一种必然的结果，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句。句末 The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable. =The fire lasted nearly a month, and left nothing valuable. 大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么值钱的东西。 4．表示条件： 动词-ing形式作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。句 首 Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes. =If you are more careful, you can make fewer mistakes. 更细心点，你就会少犯错误。 5．表示让步 动词-ing形式作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。句 首 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. =Although they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 6．表示方式、伴随或补充说明： 动词-ing形式表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，可以扩展成为一个并列成分。句末 I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. =I stood by the door, and did not dare to say a word. 我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。 He was walking along the street, looking this way and that. =He was walking along the street, and looked this way and that. 他在街上走着，左顾右盼。 特别提醒1 [从属连词+动词-ing形式]作状语 为了使动词-ing形式作状语所表达的时间、条件、让步等意思更加明确，可在动词-ing形式前加上适当的连词(when, while, if，though，unless, even
作状语的动词-ing形式具有副词特性。根据意义，动词-ing形式可作“原因、时间、条件、让步、结果、方式、伴随”等状 语。 一、放在句首的动词-ing形式短语 根据动词-ing形式短语表示的意义及与句子的关系，放在句首时可作“原因、时间、条件、让步”等状语。如： Being blind，they cannot use computers. 由于是盲人,他们不能使用计算机。（原因） Arriving at the classroom, the children began to do cleaning. 一到学校，孩子们就开始大扫除。（时间） Hearing the news，we all jumped with joy. 一听到这个消息，我们就高兴地跳了起来。（时间） Being clever enough, you should ask me for more advice. 即使你足够聪惠，也应该征求我的建议。（让步） 二、放在句末的动词-ing形式短语 根据动词-ing形式短语表示的意义及与句子的关系，放在句末时可作“结果、伴随”状语，或补充说明谓语的具体情况。如： Her parents moved to Shanghai, leaving the house to her. 她的父母亲搬到了上海，把房子留给了她。（说明谓语动词动作发生后产生的结果）The monkey shouted at us，showing its teeth. 那猴子露出牙齿对着我们大喊大叫。（说明谓语动词动作发生的方式） The students walked along the road，talking and laughing.
Book 4 Unit 4 Grammar动词-ing作状语 动词-ing或语短语可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。动名词作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。动名词作状语时，可以单独使用，也可以在其前加上when，while，after，if，unless，although，though等连词。 1. 作时间状语 Hearing this news, she got frightened. 听到这个消息，她感到害怕。 While reading the book, she nodded from time to time. 当她看书的时候，不时地点头。Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 2. 作结果状语 The boy ran even faster，reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了，到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。 His father died, leaving him a lot of money. She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 3. 作伴随状语 He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window. 他站在窗前，望着来来往往的人们。 They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. 4. 作原因状语 Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。 Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. Being so excited, Many of us couldn’t go to sleep that night. 5. 作让步状语 Having lived here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. 虽然我在这儿住了四年，我对邻居们都还不熟悉。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 6. 作条件状语 Heating water, we can change it into vapor. 把水加热，我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。 Working in his small room, he made three pairs of shoes every day. 在他的小房间里工作，每天做三双鞋。 7. 作目的状语 He stayed up late into the night, attempting to pass the entrance exam. 他晚上睡得很晚，想通过考试。 注意： 1．当动名词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，应该使用完成式：having done. Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball. Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格 2．当动名词与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系时，根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如： 3．Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。 Being helped by the teacher, she will learn English well. 4．动名词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。
动词的i n g形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语
动词的ing形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1. 表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词） The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。 3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家
动词的ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. 我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。 (= After we have made full preparations...) When I heard the result, I couldn't help jumping. = Hearing the result, I couldn’t help jumping. 动词-ing所表示的动作一发生，谓语动词表示的动作就立即发生。 When I was playing games, I was very excited. = When playing games, I was very excited. 动词-ing所表示的动作在进行过程中，谓语动词表示的动作就发生了，此时前面一般加上when, while. Eg: Be careful when you are crossing the street. = Be careful when crossing the street. After I had played games, I went to sleep. =Having played games, I went to sleep. 动词-ing发生在谓语动词之前，要用现在分词的完成式。 2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(= Since he was ill...) Because I didn’t master the way of studying, I didn’t get a good result. = Not mastering the way of studying, I didn’t get a good result. As I was so worried, I couldn’t go to sleep. = Being so worried, I couldn’t go to sleep. 3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。 His father died, leaving him a lot of money. = and left him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱. 4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. =If you work h ard at your lessons… 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。 If you pass the three years, you’ll grow up. = Passing the three years, you’ll grow up. If you don’t make use of the time, you’ll regret. = Not making use of the time, you’ll regret.