一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
The new social robots, including Jibo, Cozmo, Kuri and Meccano M.A.X., bear some resemblance to assistants like Apple's Siri, but these robots come with something more. They are designed to win us over not with their smarts but with their personality. They are sold as companions that do more than talk to us. Time magazine hailed (称赞) the robots that "could fundamentally reshape how we interact with machines." But is reshaping how we interact with machines a good thing, especially for children?
Some researchers in favor of the robots don't see a problem with this. People have relationships with many kinds of things. Some say robots are just another thing with which we can have relationships. To support their argument, roboticists sometimes point to how children deal with toy dolls. Children animate (赋予…生命) dolls and turn them into imaginary friends. Jibo, in a sense, will be one more imaginary friend, and arguably a more intelligent and fun one.
Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though. Today's robots tell children that they have emotions, friendships, even dreams to share. In reality, the whole goal of the robots is emotional trickery. For instance, Cozmo the robot needs to be fed, repaired and played with. Boris Sofman, the chief executive of Anki, the company behind Cozmo, says that the idea is to create "a deeper and deeper emotional connection ... And if you neglect him, you feel the pain of that." What is the point of this, exactly? What does it mean to feel the pain of neglecting something that feels no pain at being neglected, or to feel anger at being neglected by something that doesn't even know it is neglecting you?
This should not be our only concern. It is troubling that these robots try to empathize with children. Empathy allows us to put ourselves in the place of others, to know what they are feeling. Robots, however, have no emotions to share, and they cannot put themselves in our place. No matter what robotic creatures "say" or squeak, they don't understand our emotional lives. They present themselves as empathy machines, but they are missing the essential equipment. They have not been born, they don't know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinking may be thinking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.
What is also troubling is that children take robots' behavior to indicate feelings. When the robots interact with them, children take this as evidence that the robots like them, and when robots don't work when needed, children also take it personally. Their relationships with the robots affect their self-esteem (自尊). In one study, an 8-year-old boy concluded that the robot stopped talking to him because the robot liked his brothers better.
For so long, we dreamed of artificial intelligence offering us not only simple help but conversation and care. Now that our dream is becoming real, it is time to deal with the emotional downside of living with robots that "feel."
（1）How are the new social robots different from Siri?
A. They are intended to teach children how to talk.
B. They are designed to attract people with their smarts.
C. Their main function is to evaluate children's personality.
D. They have a new way to communicate with human beings.
（2）In Paragraph 3 Cozmo is used as an example to show that the social robots ______.
A. are deeply connected with human beings
B. are unable to build a real relationship with children
C. are so advanced that they can feel the pain of human beings
D. are not good enough to carry out the instructions of children
（3）The underlined phrase "essential equipment" in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.
A. emotion
B. pain
C. fear
D. thinking
（4）Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
A. B.
C. D.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，新的社交机器人与以往机器人不同，他们不仅比我们聪明还有他们的个性。时代周刊称它彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式。但是对这种改变有的科学家赞同而有很多人也很担忧。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ The new social robots, including Jibo, Cozmo, Kuri and Meccano M.A.X., bear some resemblance to assistants like Apple's Siri, but these robots come with something more. ”可知，新的社交机器人与像苹果的Siri这样的助理有相同之处，但比它们有更多功能；再根据第一段中的“Time magazine hailed (称赞) the robots that “could fundamentally reshape how we interact with machines.”可知，社交机器人彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式，可以推知以一种新的方式与人们交流互动。故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。Cozmo是第三段的举例，举例肯定是用来证明本段或者其前边的观点的。本段的中心是“Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though.”与洋娃娃相处与与社交机器相处是不同的；再根据第三段中的“What does it mean to feel the pain of neglecting something that feels no pain at being neglected, or to feel anger at being neglected by something that doesn't even know it is neglecting you?”你觉得忽略了机器人而难受，但是
机器人并不会感觉被忽略，或者你感觉机器人冷落了你而难受但是机器人根本不知道它冷落了你，这些意味着什么呢？可知，社交机器人并不能真的跟小朋友建立感情。故选B。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“They have not been born, th ey don't know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinking may be thinking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.”可知，社交机器人不知道疼，死亡或害怕。社交机器人的思维可能是在想，但是他们的感觉从来不是感觉，他们的爱也从来不是爱。这句话是证明划线单词所在句子的论点的，他们是会同情的机器，但是他们缺少感情，导致他们所谓的感情是假的。所以划线单词词意为情感。故选A。
（4）考查篇章结构。分析文章内容，第一段提出观点：社交机器人改变了我们与机器互动的方式。第二段提出一些支持这一改变的专家的想法，第三段提出一些人对这一改变的担忧，并且第三段后半部分以及第四段、第五段分别是这些人的三点担忧。最后一段总结这一趋势面临的现状。所以文章提出观点后，分为支持和反对两个观点，反对方面又列出了三点担忧，最后一段总结。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和篇章结构三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
You're probably used to the regular upgrades in our cell-phone networks. There was 2G, which came along in 199l, replaced with 3G in 2001, followed by 4G in 2009. Now we're hearing about the coming of 5G.
But 5G is a much bigger leap than before. 5G, of course, is much faster than 4G in the real world and a 5G phone in a 5G city will enjoy Internet speeds between 9 and 20 times as fast. The arrival of 5G also means enormous leaps forward in capacity－so much that every cell-phone plan will offer cheap, truly unlimited Internet access. "The consequences of that are huge," says Sherif Hanna, Qualcomm's director of 5G marketing. For example, apps will no longer degrade (降低) your video quality or postpone downloading when you're out of Wi-Fi range. In fact, you'll probably prefer to do your downloads when you're on cellular (使用流量) because 5G will be much faster than whatever service you've got at home or work.
"However, not everyone is excited by the 5G development. The new standard gets its speed partly by using existing transmission(传输) frequencies more efficiently and partly by using the millimeter wave range. That's a big, juicy line of radio frequencies that are currently underused because millimeter wave is really hard to use," Hanna says.
These frequencies are much higher than anything we've used for the cellular, which means they can offer unbelievable speed－but at the cost of range. Millimeter wave cellular towers have to be about 500 feet apart. Cell carriers not only will have to upgrade all their cell transceivers (called small cells) but will install(安装) a lot more of them as well.
That's why the millimeter wave flavor of 5G, the superfast coverage, will be available only in densely populated cities such as New York and San Francisco. In suburban and rural areas, 5G will bring a speedup of "only" nine times faster.
（1）What advantages does 5G have over previous networks?
A. 5G is much faster and more convenient.
B. 5G allows users to download more videos.
C. 5G can provide better service and news at home.
D. 5G cell-phone plans are expensive but more accessible.
（2）Hanna's words in paragraph 3 reflect .
A. popularity of the coming of 5G
B. easy access to the 5G development
C. concern about the 5G development
D. excitement about the 5G development
（3）What can we learn about 5G according to the text?
A. It requires more cellular towers.
B. It won't be available in rural areas.
C. It won't show speed improvements in suburbs.
D. It makes some populated cities even more crowded.
（4）Where is the text most likely from?
A. A tour brochure.
B. A science newspaper.
C. A medical magazine.
D. An experimental textbook.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了5G网络的一些基本情况。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“But 5G is a much bigger leap than before. 5G, of course, is much faster than 4G in the real world and a 5G phone in a 5G city will enjoy Internet speeds between 9 and 20 times as fast.”但5G的发展比以前大得多。当然，在现实世界中，5G比4G快得多，5G城市中的5G手机将享受9到20倍的网速。可知，5G手机的网速将大幅度提高。由此可知，与以前的网络相比，5G更快、更方便。故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“‘However, not everyone is excited by the 5G development…That's a bi g, juicy line of radio frequencies that are currently underused because millimeter wave is really hard to use,’ Hanna says.”汉纳说:“然而，并不是每个人都对5G的发展感到兴奋……这是一个巨大的、有趣的无线电频率线，目前还没有得到充分利用，因为毫米波真的很难使用。”可知，汉纳认为并不是每个人都对5G的发展感到兴奋，这种无线电频率线，目前还没有得到充分利用。由此推知，汉纳在第3段中的话反映了对5G发展的担忧。故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Cell carriers not only will have to upgrade all their cell transceivers (called small cells) but will install(安装) a lot more of them as well.”手机运营商不仅要升级他们所有的手机收发器(称为小型小区，还要安装更多的收发器）可知，5G不仅需要手机运营商升级他们所有的手机收发器，还要安装更多的收发器。可推知，5G需要更多的手机基站。故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“There was 2G, which came along in 199l, replaced with 3G in 2001, followed by 4G in 2009. Now we're hearing about the coming of 5G.”1991年出现的
2G, 2001年被3G取代，2009年又出现了4G。现在我们听到了5G的到来。可知，本文主要介绍了5G网络的一些基本情况。5G网络的发展属于科技进步，结合选项可知，本文应该来自科学报纸。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
Smart Kids Festival Events
Smart Kids is a collection of one hundred events scheduled in October. This year, it is experimenting with Pay What You Decide (PWYD). That is, you can decide to pay what you want to or can afford, after you have attended an event. You can pre-book events without paying for a ticket in advance. Here are some of the director's picks.
Walk on the Wild Side
Not ticketed, Free
Join storyteller Sarah Law to hear science stories about animals. Along the way you'll meet all sorts of beautiful creatures and discover life cycles and food chains. Best suited to children aged 5-9. Children under 8 must be accompanied by an adult.
Introduction to Waves
Pre-book, PWYD
Subjects range from sound waves to gravity waves, and from waves of light to crashing waves on the ocean. Mike Goldsmith explores the fundamental features shared by all waves in the natural world.
Science in the Field
Not ticketed, Free
This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field trips. Come along for inspiring and informative stories straight from the scientist's mouth. Join Mark Samuels to find out more in this fun-filled workshop.
Festival Dinner
Pre-book, ￡25 per person
Whether you want to explore more about food, or just fancy a talk over a meal, join us to mark the first science festival in London. Which foods should you eat to trick your brain into thinking that you are full? Find out more from Tom Crawford.
（1）In which event can you decide the payment?
A. Walk on the Wild Side
B. Introduction to Waves
C. Science in the Field
D. Festival Dinner
（2）Who will talk about experiences of collecting direct data?
A.Sarah Law.
B.Mike Goldsmith.
C.Mark Samuels.
D.Tom Crawford.
（3）What do the four events have in common?
A.Family-based.
B.Science-themed.
C.Picked by children.
D.Filled with adventures.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了Smart Kids收集的在十月份举行的四项以科学会主题的活动，以及各个活动的内容和特色。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“This year, it is experimenting with Pay Wha t You Decide (PWYD). That is, you can decide to pay what you want to or can afford”可知PWYD中你可以决定付款，而四项活动中只有Introduction to Waves有PWYD，故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据Science in the Field 部分中的“This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field trips.”可知Mark Samuels会分享他最喜欢的收集各种实地考察第一手数据的记忆。故选C。
（3）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Join storyteller Sarah Law to hear science stories about animals.”和讲故事的萨拉·劳一起来听关于动物的科学故事；第三段中的“Subjects range from sound waves to gravity waves, and from waves of light to crashing waves on the ocean.”实验对象范围从声波到重力波，从光波到撞击海洋的波浪；第四段中的“This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field trips.”这位科学家会分享他最喜欢的收集各种实地考察第一手数据的记忆；以及最后一段中的“ Whether you want to explore more about food, or just fancy a talk over a meal, join us to mark the first science festival in London.”无论你是想探索更多关于食物的知识，还是只是想边吃边聊，加入我们来纪念伦敦首届科学节吧。可知这四项活动的共同点都是以科学为主题的，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
FaceApp has taken the world by storm, giving users the chance to see themselves age through its algorithm. 12.7 million people—some three million more than the population of New York City—reportedly downloaded it in one seven-day period last month.
Although the Russian app has become known for its privacy issues, the more interesting lesson of our FaceApp fling (尽情玩乐)is what it tells us about our society—and our future lives. It turns out we are more interested in aging than we realized. I'm surprised by this. Most younger people are in denial (否认)about old age, doing almost nothing to prepare for it. We rarely have a chance to plan for the future, with increasing time and financial pressures. Those pressures bring sacrifices that we may not always want to make: we can no longer afford to spend the time or the money needed to look after our elderly parents.
As a family doctor, I can see the loneliness epidemic developing. Elderly patients come to see
me with no particular illness, no clear medical issue. After a few minutes of the consultation, I understand why: they're not sick, and often they don't feel sick. They just need someone—anyone-to talk to.
Although loneliness has no medical classification, the health effects are real: the result of loneliness and isolation can be as harmful to our health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day, and is more damaging than obesity. But loneliness does not come with nearly enough health warnings. So what next? Since 1980, we are living on average 10 years longer. At the same time, people are having fewer and fewer children, and they are having them much later in life. The snake of a world class health service is eating its own tail; its care is prolonging (延长) people's lives, but as the ratio of pensioners(退休人员)to working -age people increases, there are fewer taxpayers to fund that very health service.
Into this void have stepped NGOs, charities and volunteers. But in the long term, the only way to truly help the oldest meters of our society is to go back to the traditional values of intergenerational(两代间的) cooperation—often under same roof. Ultimately, we will need to evolve towards a culture where elderly care is treated the same as childcare, where employers recognize the duty of someone with an elderly parent the same way they recognize those of someone with a newborn child.
（1）The example of FaceApp is used to _____.
A. prove the popularity of it
B. explain the function of it
C. show the progress of technology
D. introduce the topic of aging and loneliness
（2）What makes elderly people without illness go to see their family doctors?
A. Desire to have the consultation.
B. Strong feeling of loneliness.
C. Unclear medical issues.
D. Questions to ask doctors.
（3）How can the oldest members be truly helped?
A. By being treated as children.
B. By going back to the traditional society.
C. By providing family care.
D. By living with other elderly people under the same roof.（4）What can we learn from the passage?
A. The loneliness of elderly people needs more attention.
B. FaceApp's popularity proves it has no security problems.
C. Health service lacks fund because of prolonged peopled lives.
D. FaceApp is helpful in dealing with elderly peopled loneliness.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者由FaceApp话题谈到当今的社会现象——老人感到孤独，他们需要关注。作者认为孤独虽不是病，但它能影响人的健康，所以他呼吁人们像关注新生儿那样关注老人。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段"FaceApp has taken the world by storm, giving users the chance to see themselves age through its algorithm. 12.7 million people—some three million more than the population of New York City—reportedly downloaded it in one seven-day period
last month. “；第二段中的”...the more interesting lesson of our FaceApp fling (尽情玩乐）is what it tells us about our society—and our future lives. It turns out we are more interested in aging than we realized.“可知，FaceApp已经风靡全球，用户有机会通过它的算法看到自己的年龄。据报道，在上个月的七天时间里，有1270万人下载了这本书，比纽约市的人口多了300万。它告诉了我们关于我们的社会和我们未来的生活。事实证明，我们对衰老的兴趣比我们意识到的更大。作为一名家庭医生，我可以看到孤独感的蔓延。所以FaceApp主要的功能是通过它的算法使用户看到自己的年龄，接着讲述老人所面临的问题—孤独和衰老。故判断出FaceApp的例子是用来介绍衰老和孤独的话题。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”As a family doctor, I can see the loneliness epid emic developing. Elderly patients come to see me with no particular illness, no clear medical issue. “可知老人经常去看家庭医生是因为孤独，他们没有生病，只想找人聊聊。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”But in the long term, the only way to truly help the oldest members of our society is to go back to the traditional values of intergenerational（两代间的） cooperation—often under same roof. Ultimately, we will need to evolve towards a culture where elderly care is treated the same as childcare“,可知从长期来看我们帮助老年成员的方法是和他们一起居住，并且给予他们婴儿般的关爱。故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的”But loneliness does not come with nearly enough health warnings.“可知老人孤独并没有带来足够的健康警示，故推断人们孤独的老人应该得到更多的关注，选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
China and India are leaders in improving global(全球的) tree cover, a new study based on NASA research showed.
They took a 31.8% part together of the total global new leaf area between 2000 and 2017. China played a major role, adding 25% to this increase, and India added 6.8%, followed by Canada and Russia. The study in the Nature Sustainability journal shows that more than 5.5 million square kilometers of green leaf area was added globally. Since 2000, there has been a five-percent increase in global green cover, it said.
"The greening over the last twenty years shows an increase in leaf area on plants and trees which is as large as the area of the entire Amazon rainforest," Chi Chen, a Boston University researcher and lead of the study told Nature Sustainability. Large plantation activities to protect forests in China contributed nearly 42% to the country's green cover, and agriculture added another 32%. In India, 82% of the increase in leaf area was because of agriculture.
"China and India take up one-third of the greening, but hold only nine percent of the planet's land area covered in green plants," Chi Chen told NASA Earth Observatory. "That is a surprising finding, considering the land degradation(退化) in countries with large populations."
Boston University's research team first detected an increase in global green cover in the 1990s but were unsure about what contributed to the increase. Finally, with the help of NASA's Terra
and Aqua satellites research, they managed to find out the increase in leaf cover from different areas and places.
（1）Which country increased the largest part of the new leaf area?
A. India
B. China
C. Canada
D. Russia
（2）For what purpose did the author mention the Amazon rainforest?
A. To show how great the achievement was.
B. To show the importance of rainforest.
C. To explain what difficulties we have now.
D. To explain the reason for increasing forests.（3）According to paragraph four, the following statements are true EXCEPT_______.
A. China and India have large populations and land degradation problem
B. about 9% of the planet's greening is in China and India
C. China and India are leading in the global green cover increase
D. the leaf cover area in China and India is still limited if viewed globally
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新研究显示，中国和印度在改善全球树木覆盖方面处于领先地位。同时中国和印度占了地球绿化面积的三分之一，但却只占地球陆地面积的9%。考虑到人口众多国家的土地退化，这是一个令人惊讶的发现。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“China played a major role, adding 25% to this increase, and India added 6.8%, followed by Canada and Russia.”中国扮演了主要的角色，增加了25%，印度增加了6.8%，加拿大和俄罗斯紧随其后。可知中国新增的森林面积最大。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"‘The greening over the last twenty years shows an increase in leaf area on plants and trees which is as large as the area of the entire Amazon rainforest,’ Chi Chen, a Boston University researcher and lead of the study told Nature Sustainability.“过去20年的绿化表明，植物和树木的叶子面积增加了，相当于整个亚马逊雨林的面积，"波士顿大学研究员、该研究的负责人陈驰告诉《自然·可持续性》杂志。可知作者提到了亚马逊雨林，以表明这一成就是多么伟大。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"‘China and India take up one-third of the greening, but hold only nine percent of the planet's land area covered in green plants,’ Chi Chen told NASA Earth Observatory.”陈驰告诉美国国家航空航天局地球观测站:"中国和印度占了地球绿化面积的三分之一，但却只占地球陆地面积的9%。"可知B选项"大约9%的地球绿化发生在中国和印度"错误，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
New Jersey Botanical Garden Membership
It's easy to join New Jersey Botanical Garden (NJBG) Membership online, by phone or by mail. Your membership dollars help to improve the Garden, and provide educational and entertaining activities for the general public. Thank you for your support!
To join or renew, please click on the appropriate section and membership category below for safe and convenient online payment processing by PayPal.
If you prefer to join by phone or mail, call the NJBG office at (973) 962-9534 or download and send in our membership brochure (Adobe Acrobat PDF file).
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Membership Category Individual Dual (两人共用)Student
Annual Fees$ 35$ 60$ 25
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※Renew Your Membership
Membership Category Individual Dual (两人共用)Student
Annual Fees$ 30$ 50$ 25
Special: Save $5 with Biennial Fees$ 50$ 80$ 40
a 44-room Tudor Revival granite mansion(公馆)designed John Russel Pope. Skylands has 96 acres of formal and naturalized gardens and is surrounded by over 1,000 acres of meadows(草坪) and woodlands. Purchased by the State in 1966 and officially named as the New Jersey Botanical Garden in 1984, the gardens contain approximately 5,000 species and varieties of trees and flowers.
For you, the NJBG is an exciting and beautiful place to visit where you may enjoy each season's best. Members enjoy special events, festivals, lectures and rewarding educational opportunities for both city and gardeners.
Your NJBG membership offers you discounts at participating nurseries, garden centers and other fine businesses. Simply present your NJBG membership card when beginning your purchase.（1）The money paid for NJBG membership will be used to _____.
A. offer further education
B. update the payment system
C. provide better service
D. protect the environment
（2）To renew the one-year membership for your parents, you need to pay_____.
A.$30
B.$50
C.$60
D.$80
（3）According to the passage, New Jersey Botanical Garden_____.
A.was officially named in 1966
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7c18846612.html,ed to be privately-owned
C.presents members with awards
D.offers discounts in most shop
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了新泽西植物园的会员，讲述了如何加入会员
以及会员所享受的优惠，让读者更了解NJBG的会员。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Your membership dollars help to improve the Garden, and provide educational and entertaining activities for the general public.”可知会费将被用来改善花园，为普通大众供教育和娱乐活动，即会费被用来改善服务。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二个表格Annual Fees dual $50可知更新两人一年的会员费用是50美元，因此为父母更新一年的会费为50美元。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“It is famous for a 44-room Tudor Revival granite mansion(公馆)designed John Russel Pope. ”和“Purchased by the State in 1966 and officially named as the New Jersey Botanical Garden in 1984,”可知植物园从前是一个公馆，政府于1966年购得，然后取名为新泽西州植物园，故推测该植物园以前是私人的。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
A few years back I worked in a university building that also housed a department full of psychologists, all of whom seemed to see us as perfect guinea pigs(豚鼠) for their latest theories. If an eager graduate student showed up in my office bearing desserts and asked me to pick one, I'd cast a careful glance and ask "Why?" before grabbing the apple pie.
So one day, when someone from the Psychology Department posted instructions in the bathroom persuading all of us to "Think about five things for which you're grateful every day for a week!" my response was frankly doubtful. I did the math. Five things a day for seven days is a lot of brainpower to expend without so much as the promise of an apple pie.
I wandered into the office of Heidi Zetzer, the director of our school's Psychological Services Clinic. "What's with the gratitude thing?" I asked. You don't ask an academic question－even a simple one unless you're prepared for a long answer. Heidi came alive, and I sat down. That's when I first heard the term "positive psychology". The gratitude thing, as I had called it, was but one small and simple element of the practice. "Kind of like training the brain to focus on joy," my friend Heidi explained. "It's only a week," she urged. "Try it." I did. And guess what? It worked. Every day for a week, I found five distinct things for which I was thankful. They had to be different every day. I couldn't get away with just being grateful for my wonderful husband. But I could, suggested Collie Conoley, another positive psychologist, express my gratitude for specific aspects of a certain person each day. He's a great cook. He always puts our family first.
Life will never be perfect. I still see new stories that annoy me. The traffic in my city is maddening. I wish I could speed up my recovery. But with just one simple exercise, I'm rediscovering the peace of that old saying: accepting the things I can't change, working without complaint to change what I can, and being wise enough to know the difference.
And all it took was a little gratitude.
（1）What's the author's attitude toward the student with desserts?
A. Cautious.
B. Respectful.
C. Indifferent.
D. Supportive.（2）Why was the author doubtful about the instructions?
A. Because she thought it wasn't worth the effort.
B. Because she didn't like expressing thanks often.
C. Because she needed to ask her friend to do it first.
D. Because she could do five things every day easily.
（3）What does Collie Conoley suggest the author should do?
A. Be grateful to her wonderful husband.
B. Be thankful for things but not people.
C. Be a great cook and put her family first.
D. Be specific about what she's thankful for.
（4）What's the best title for the text?
A. Don't Be Bothered by Small Things
B. We Can Change Everything If We Want
C. Practicing Gratitude Changed My Life
D. Being Grateful to One Good Person
【答案】（1）A
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，在一个星期的时间里，作者坚持每天都能发现五件她特别感激的事情，而且每天都有所不同。生活永远不会完美。但通过这么一个简单的练习，作者重新发现了那句老话的平和：接受我不能改变的事情，毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的，并且足够明智地知道两者的区别。这只需要一点感激之情。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“If an eager graduate student showed up in my office bearing desserts and asked me to pick one, I'd cast a careful glance and ask ‘Why?’ before grabbing the apple pie.”如果一个心急的研究生拿着甜点出现在我的办公室，让我挑选一种，在抓苹果派之前，我会仔细地看一眼，然后问“为什么?”可知，作者在抓苹果派之前，会仔细地看一眼，然后问“为什么?”。可知，作者对带甜点的学生持有谨慎的态度。故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“my response was frankly doubtful. I did the math. Five things a day for seven days is a lot of brainpower to expend without so much as the promise of an app le pie.”我的反应坦率地说是怀疑的。我算了算。连续7天每天做5件事，甚至连吃苹果派的承诺都没有，那就太费脑力了。可推知，作者认为对“连续7天每天做5件事”的要求充满怀疑，认为太费脑力、不值得去做。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“But I could, suggested Collie Conoley, another positive psychologist, express my gratitude for specific aspects of a certain person each day. He's a great cook. He always puts our family first.”但是另一位积极心理学家柯利·康诺利建议道，我可以每天对一个人的某些方面表达我的感激之情。他是个很棒的厨师。他总是把我们的家庭放在第一位。可知，柯利·康诺利建议作者每天对一个人的某些方面表达感激之情。由此可知，柯利·康诺利建议作者具体说明她感激什么。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But with just one simple exercise, I'm redis covering the peace of that old saying: accepting the things I can't change, working without complaint to change what I can, and being wise enough to know the difference.”但通过一个简单的练习，我重新发现了那句老话的平和：接受我不能改变的事情，毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的，并且足够明智地知道两者的区别）可知，练习表达感激，改变了作者的观念和生活。由此可
知选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读理解
Every year migratory(迁徙的) bats travel from Mexico to Bracken Cave, where they spend the summer consuming insects that would otherwise hungrily eat common food crops. But the bats have been showing up far earlier than they did two decades ago.
In a study, scientists at Rothamsted Research, an agricultural laboratory in England, used radar data from 160 U.S. weather stations to analyze activity in the Texas bat colony from 1995 through 2017. They discovered the creatures were leaving their winter quarters in Mexico earlier and reproducing sooner. They were also astonished to find increasing numbers of bats overwintering(过冬) at Bracken Cave instead of heading back to their cold weather quarters in Mexico. Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatures change the bats' annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says.
A separate study of migratory bats in Indiana, published last year, found that temperature variations affected arrival and departure times—likewise hinting at the potential influence of climate change. Joy O'Keefe, a biology professor at Indiana State University and co-author of that study, says early arrival at their summer habitats(栖息地) could expose these bats to cold snaps(寒流), and they could freeze to death.
Joy O'Keefe and her colleagues also found that changing bat migration times can also clash with rainfall patterns. Many insects that bats eat breed in seasonal lakes and puddles. If the bats arrive too early to benefit from summer rainfall and the resulting abundance of insects they may struggle to feed their pups(幼崽) or skip reproduction altogether, O'Keefe says. She fears this shift could cause Midwestern bats to decrease toward extinction, which would be bad news for humans. "Declines in bat populations could have severe effects for crop success," she says, adding that bats also "control significant disease vectors, such as mosquitoes."
However, scientists are not certain that climate change alone is causing the Bracken Cave bat colony to migrate earlier. They have found a direct link between seasonal temperatures and bird migration, but bats are also influenced by factors such as changes in wind speed and direction.
A nd there are other complications. “Bats are mysterious little animals that move mostly at night and are difficult to observe and track," Stepanian says. "We have this conceptual picture of what might be happening, but really tying it to the cause is the next step."
（1）Scientists at Rothamsted Research found that _________.
A. bats prefer colder weather
B. bats delay their reproduction
C. warming affects bat migration
D. radar can be used to observe bats
（2）Joy O'Keefe discovered that _________.
A. bats are used to living in rainfall seasons
B. bats' earlier migration might harm farming
C. insects' reproduction helps to spread disease
D. insects shortage makes bats reproduce earlier
（3）What does the last paragraph want to tell us?
A. Wind speed and direction affect bats.
B. It is difficult to observe and track bats.
C. Climate change makes bats migrate earlier.
D. Further research on the cause is necessary.（4）What is the best title for the passage?
A. Bats' habitats
B. Endangered bats
C. Bats' schedule
D. Bats, our good friends
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】
【点评】本文是一篇说明文，作者先提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatures change the bats' annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says.”罗斯泰德的生物学家菲利普·斯捷潘尼安说，越冬是气温升高改变蝙蝠年度节律的一个标志，可知，蝙蝠越冬的方式是一个迹象，这表明了气温上升改变了它们每年的迁徙规律。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“‘If the bats arrive too early to benefit from summer rainfall and the resulting abundance of insects, they may struggle to feed their pups(幼崽) or skip reproduction altogether, O'Keefe says. She fears this shift could cause Midwestern bats to decrease toward extinction, which would be bad news for humans. “Declines in bat populations could have severe effects for crop success,’ she says”奥基夫说，如果蝙蝠来得太早，无法从夏季降雨和由此产生的大量昆虫中获益，它们可能难以喂养幼崽，或者完全跳过繁殖。她担心这种转变可能会导致中西部蝙蝠走向灭绝，这对人类来说是个坏消息。“蝙蝠数量的减少可能对作物的成功产生严重影响，”她说，可知，蝙蝠过早地迁徙会因为缺少食物，导致喂养幼仔的困难，或者跳过繁殖期，这将导致蝙蝠数量减少，害虫增加，从而对农作物产生影响。由此可知，乔伊·奥基夫发现，蝙蝠过早的迁徙可能会危害农业。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, scientists are not certain that climate change alone is causing the Bracken Cave bat colony to migrate earlier.”然而，科学家们还不能确定仅仅是气候变化就导致了蕨类洞穴蝙蝠群落更早的迁徙；及“Bats are mysterious little animals that move mostly at night and are difficult to observe and track,” Stepanian says. “We have this conceptual picture of what might be happening, but really tying it to the cause is the next step.”斯捷潘尼安说：“蝙蝠是神秘的小动物，大多在夜间活动，很难观察和追踪。”。“我们对可能发生的事情有一个概念性的描述，但真正将其与原因联系起来还需要进一步的研究。”可推知，对蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因还需要进一步的研究。故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。作者通过第一段中的“But the bats have been showing up far earlier than they did two decades ago.”但是蝙蝠出现的时间比20年前要早得多）提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。由此可知，本文主要围绕蝙蝠的迁徙时间变化展开介绍分析。由此可知选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读理解
While small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.
The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants. Beds that are too small, shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says.
But it is not just the extra-tall whose needs are not being met. The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds, doorways, and chairs has remained unchanged.
"The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it, so even a king-size bed at 6′6″ (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men, while the standard 6′3″ bed caters for less than half of the male population." Said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy, "seven-foot beds would work fine."
Similarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems. Small tables, which mean the long-legged have to sit a foot or so away from them, are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.
Some have already taken note, however. At Queens Moat Houses′ Caledoman Hotel in Edinburgh, 6′6″ beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds fr om taller visitors, particularly Americans.
（1）What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?
A. To provide better services.
B. To rebuild hotels and restaurants.
C. To draw public attention to the needs of the tall.
D. To attract more people to become its members.
（2）Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy? A. 7′2″. B. 7′ C. 6′6″ D. 6′3″
（3）What may happen to restaurants with small tables?
A. They may lose some customers.
B. They may start businesses elsewhere.
C. They have to find easy chairs to match the tables.
D. They have to provide enough space for the long-legged.
（4）What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh?
A. Tall people pay more for larger beds.
B. 6′6″beds have taken the place of 6′3″beds.
C. Special rooms are kept for Americans.
D. Guest rooms are standardized.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述一个英国的高个子组织TPCGP在六个月以前向
宾馆和酒店发起的针对高个子的一些特殊需求的活动。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants.” 可知TPCGP是为了让公众注意高个子的一些特殊需求。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“Said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy, ‘seven-foot beds would work fine. ’”Tpcgb 总裁Phil Heinricy, 说，七英尺的床就够了可知选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段可知，如果饭店使用小的桌子，自然就失去了高个子这样一类群体的顾客。选A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“6′6″beds are now put in as standar d after requests for longer beds from taller visitors, particularly Americans. ”在高个子游客要求更长的床位后，6′6床位现在被作为标准放置，尤其是美国人，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
10．（2019?天津）阅读理解
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before？
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to lean, the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我）, whether to loved
ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate（视……等同于）"commitment" with such "caring" occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck, or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.
（1）The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________.
A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity
B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
（2）What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. End one's struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one's energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
（3）What could be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
（4）What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5?
A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live without self-pity.
C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
（5）What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）D
（5）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。
（1）考查推理判断。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“I'm talking about people who have stopped learn ing on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with
passing years.”可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“we lose the sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.”可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.”可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。
（5）考查主旨大意。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
11．（2019?天津）阅读理解
How does an ecosystem（生态系统）work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.
With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物）, the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.
Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species---including species they did not directly attack.
And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.
Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the
system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（临界点）, it is remarkably difficult for them to return.
（1）What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？
A. The living habits of species in food webs.
B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.
C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.
D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.
（2）A strong link is found between two species when a predator______.
A. has a wide food choice
B. can easily find new prey
C. sticks to one prey species
D. can quickly move to another place
（3）What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？
A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.
B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.
C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.
D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.
（4）What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4？
A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.
B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.
C. Species of commercial value dominate other species.
D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.
（5）How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance？
A. By getting illegal practices under control.
B. By stopping us from killing large predators.
C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.
D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
（5）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些在食物网运营的关键原则。科学家们说;因为一个生态系统越过了它的临界点，它们很难再回来。该系统将告诉我们何时适应人类活动，这些活动正将生态系统推向崩溃，或者甚至允许我们将生态系统从边缘拉回来，预防是关键。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.”可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了食物网中的一些关键原则。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge
numbers of a single prey(猎物)，the two species are strongly linked”可知，当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物，这两个物种是紧密相连的。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had, a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species they did not directly attack”可知，处于食物网顶端的食肉动物对它们没有直接攻击的其他物种的种群数量有着惊人的控制，由此可推断出，如果食物链顶级食肉动物的数量大大下降，其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline”可知，人类过度的活动会将生态系统推向崩溃，由此可推断出，不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。故选A。
（5）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Scientists have buil t an early-warming system based on mathematical models. Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.”可知，早期变暖系统发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号帮助我们维持生态平衡。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
12．（2019?北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these
高考阅读理解技巧 一、阅读理解题选材 高考阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则： 1. 文章一般为3篇（含信息匹配题），阅读量在1100单词左右； 2. 题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容； 3. 体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。 二、英语阅读文体类型 学会分析体裁的能力对我们做好阅读理解来说是非常重要的。由于不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络层次，所以我们可以根据这种特点来快速分析文章的体裁： ●记叙文往往按时间顺序展开段落，文章有明显表示时间先后的词语。阅读时抓住时间这条主线，弄清who、 what、where、why与how。文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。 ●描写文通过细节的描写以画面的方式来反应事物的特征、性质。对这种文章要迅速弄清其主题，主题词往往出 现在各个句子里，贯穿文章的始末；紧围绕这个主题进行阅读，找到文章与之有关的信息，并确定信息与主题的关系。 ●说明文用以解释或揭示事物的状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间的关系，这类文体的文章，首句往往是主 题句，开门见山，说明文章的关注对象：弄清作者的思路和段落组织的方式；把握次要信息及其与主题的关系。 英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。常见的说明方法： 1，定义与诠释说明； 2，举例与引用说明； 3，分类与图表说明； 4，比较与比喻说明； 5，分析与综合说明； 就高考英语说明文的阅读而言，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征；弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明；并明白文章最后的说明结论。高考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。 ●议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据 从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。 就议论文而言，其论证的常见结构方式有： 1，总分式总---分；分----总；总----分---总； 2，并列式几个论据之间属于平等关系； 3，递进式几个论据之间属于递进关系； 4，对照式把两种事物加以对比，以彰显其中一种。 ●应用文属于实用型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清 作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。
山东省垦利县2016-2017学年高二英语3月月考试题（无答案） 第I卷 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题;每小题分，满分7. 5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will the woman do first? A. See a film. B. Go shopping C. Get something to eat. 2. Where did the woman get the flowers? A. From a public park. B. From a flower shop. C. From her mo ther’s garden. 3. What is the weather like now? A. Windy. B. Rainy. C. Sunny. 4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Saleswoman and customer. B. Father and daughter. C. Waitress and diner. 5. What does the woman mean? A. She was deeply impressed by the show. B. She thought no tickets were left for the show. C. The show was not as interesting as imagined. 第二节（共15小题;每小题分，满分22，5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Where was the woman born? A. In Los Angeles. B. In New York. C. In Washington. 7. Why does the woman come to Spain? A. To study abroad. B. To go sightseeing. C. To attend a meeting.
高中英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧 CHN 纵观近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解能力是高考考查 的重点，自始至终占主导地位，并且有逐年增加的趋势。做好阅读理解，是 获得高考英语高分的关键。 阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是： 1.阅读材料，理解材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细 节。 2.既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3.既理解文章的字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。 4.既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理 和判断。 5.既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应具有的常识去理解 判断。 根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型： 主题主旨大意，细节理解题，综合推理题，概括归纳题，观点归纳题，人物 评价题，词义句义理解题，指代关系题，内容排序题等。下面结合自己平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一．主旨大意题-- 阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概 括与总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。每篇短文都有其主 题思想，而作者表现主题思想的手法各不相同。这就需要我们挖掘相同点， 寻找解题的方法--。 常见题型 1.主题型：What’s the main idea of this passage ? What does this passage mainly discuss? What’s the topic of this passage ? 2.标题型：What’s the best title? The best title for this text is (to tell ) . 3.目的型：The main purpose of this text is . The author’s purpose of writing this text is to . What’s the main purpose of the passage? 解题指导 1.抓住主题句。它们一般位于文章的开头或结尾。同时，也可以贯穿各 段中心句进行总结。 2.抓住文章逻辑线索，理清发展脉络。作者往往会采取举例、
高考英语阅读理解九大题型解题思路详解 [ By: 平分秋色 ] 推荐 高考英语阅读理解九大题型解题思路详解 1．细节事实题： ⑴标志： ①题干中明确提到的时间、地点、人物等细节信息 ②针对文章中的一句或几句发问 ③题干和选项之间是因果关系 ⑵做题的关键在于：返回原文 ①根据题干中的时间、地点、人物返回原文 ②根据出题顺序返回原文（60％的准度） ③根据题干中的重点词或其同义词返回原文（如名词、动词、形容词，70％的准度） ④找原文中的难句定位，一般来说，难句都是出题点。 ⑶迷惑人的手段： ①单词替换 ②颠倒因果 ③扩大范围 ④常识判断
2．例证题： ⑴标志：case example illustration demonstration exemplify demonstrate illustrate ⑵做题的关键在于：是否能找到例子支持的论点，而不在于能否看懂例子 ⑶做题的步骤： ①首先返回原文定位该例子 ②然后80％向上、20％向下搜索该例子支持的论点 ③在四个选项中寻找与找到的论点表达最一致、意思最接近的一个才是正确答案 3．词汇题： ⑴标志：在题干中明确指出原文中某处的单词或词组，要求辨别其意思 ⑵做题的关键在于：该单词本身并不重要，重要的是该单词的上下文 ⑶如果该单词认识，并不超出大纲，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案，其正确答案是根据上下文推测的一个更加深刻的含义 ⑷做题的方法：可以使用两种方法从上下文进行推理： ①代入替换法 ②在上下文中寻找同词性的词或词组 4．句子理解题： ⑴标志：在题干中明确指出原文中的一句话，要求理解其意思 ⑵做题的关键在于：返回原文对出题的句子进行语法解析，要精确理
高考英语阅读理解试题经典及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 When times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. When we're hungry, we eat at home instead of going out. We take buses instead of taxis. And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer. With college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education. One cost-cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelor's degree in three years instead of four. Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient. But there's a question: Would the quality of undergraduate education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a "three-year degree" model. I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a three-year curriculum any time soon. For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits. In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly "throw out" one quarter of the required credits. Professors will resist "diluting (稀释)" the quality of the education they offer. In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education. A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major. It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than it's not a good idea to water down medicine. If we want to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. We should allow students to test out of as many courses as possible. We should give them a chance to earn money as interns (实习生) in meaningful part-time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the five-year co-op program at Northeastern University. （1）Which of the following can best sum up the main idea? A.It's time to shorten the learning process. B.Best learning takes place over time. C.University education should be watered down. D.College education calls for reform. （2）We can learn from the passage that ________. A.most American universities are against the "three-year degree" model B.many famous US universities are considering adopting the "three-year degree" model C.professors are willing to accept the "three-year degree" model D.The "three-year degree" model can make college learning more efficient （3）In most US universities, ________. A.college students are offered the co-op program B.electives' credits make up one quarter of the required credits C.all students are required to finish four-year education before graduation D.some excellent students can graduate ahead of time
（命题人：陈晓燕） 时间：120 分钟满分120 高二英语月考试卷10.What is the probable relationship between the man and the woman? A. They are husband and wife B. They are friends C. They are newly-married couple. 第二部分:英语知识运用（共三节，满分35 分） 第一卷（选择题部分，共90 分） 第一部分：听力（共10 小题，每小题１分，共10 分） 第一节：听下面5 段对话，每段对话后有一小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话，你有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What was the score? A. 0: 40 B. 0: 14 C. 0: 4 2.When will the shirts be finished? A.Sunday afternoon B. Friday afternoon C . Saturday afternoon 3.What does the man mean? A.It will take him a long time to help the woman B. He can help her for a while C. It won’t take a long time for him to help her 4.How much did the man pay for the tickets? A. $ 12 B. $ 16 C. $ 4 5.Where is the woman going now? A .To school B .To the shop C. To her friend’s house 第二节:听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话或独白，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟的时间作时间。。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6 段材料，回答第6---7 题 6.Which of the following did the doctor NOT do? A.Take the temperature B. Look at the throat C. Examine the eyes 7.How often should Richard take the medicine? A.Four times a day B. Three times a day C. Twice a day 听第7 段材料，回答第8---10 题 8.How is the kitchen? A.It’s very big B. It’s well equipped C. It’s too modern 9.What is the woman going to do next? A.To buy some furniture B. To move into the house C. To decorate the house 第一节语音知识（共5 小题，每小题1 分，满分5 分） 从 A BCD 四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 11.course A. journey B. four C. labour D. hour 12.match A. marry B. separate C. machine D. many 13.watched A .filled B. recognized C. whispered D. practised 14．climb A. thumb B. method C. rude D. applaud 15.how A. sow B. bow C. morrow D. throw 第二节语法和词汇知识（共20 小题，每小题1 分，满分20 分） 16．it is to have a cold drink on such a hot day! A. What a fun B. What fun C. How fun D. How a fun 17 ------ Mr Bardon changed his mind to take part in the movement ? ----- After he listened to the speech by Mr King. A. When was that it B. When was it that C. When was that D. When was it 18.Outside were four large stone figures, was 20 metres high. A．each of them B. all of them C. each of which D. all of which 19.With the boy the way ,we found that faraway village very easily. A. led B. leading C. to lead D. being led 20 ------ Robert is indeed a wise man. ----- Oh, yes , how I have regretted his advice. A. to take B. not taking C. not to take D. taking 21.his pale face ,we all suggested to see the doctor right away. A. Seeing ; he going B. Having seen ;him go C. Seeing ;his going D. Seen ;him going 22.Who did the manager of the company the report? A. have writing B. have write C. have writes D. have to write 23. back to the Ming Dynasty, the temple can offer us much useful information about history.
高中英语新高考-阅读理解指导与解读：复盘阅读C篇阅读心理过程 试卷阅读理解如何分析？仁者见仁智者见智，没有所谓的标准答案。我的理解是，一篇好的阅读解读应该包含，当然各有侧重点不同： 1、背景、内容、主旨 2、词汇和语言 3、语篇的行文特点 4、逻辑关系 5、体裁及其语体特点 6、深层含义 7、现实含义 8、作者意图、观点和态度 每次阅读前都要问自己四点： 1、我是不是总结了本文的宏观结构，是不是其它同话题文章也有同样的结构？ 2、文章的主旨在哪些段落里可以反映出来，这些段落的语句可有什么特征被广泛运用？ 3、文章反映了作者什么态度，哪些句子或单词可以看出来？ 4、段落是如何展开的，是举例、对比还是其它？ 每次刷题后也要问自己两点： 1、命题人的设问和文章结构可有关系，或者有什么规律？ 2、正确选项和错误选项分别针对文章句子的如何设计的？ 下面我就本次某考试阅读C篇来实践一下，实际上这也是我课堂上的循序，当然一般都是通过问题设计。
C 1 The Bible begins with the creation of the world. As a consequence（结果标识词，读到此，应该知道后面的主题句了）, in traditional Western thought the world is assumed to have been created by God. （段落中心：上帝创造世界。后面是具体解释了，可以略读）The Earth is associated with whatever is impermanent, imperfect, bodily and sinful. Heaven is the sphere of the permanent, perfect, spiritual and holy.（概念或中心句+具体解释的模式是绝大部分英语论说文的展开模式，关键是中心句的辨认。请关注解释部分里面的情感形容词：perfect, imperfect等，这都是通过对比来突出Heaven） 2 Traditional Chinese thought has no place for the idea of a creation（本句为论点，从上文的西方思想到本段的中国思想，明显是比较）. What exists has always existed and shall always do so（always重复，突出中国思想的特色）.Accordingly （语篇标识词，此句是照应论点句。这种模式：论点+论据+总结照应，也是很常见的）there is no concept of necessary “improvement”or “correction”of the creation through such means as a Last Judgment. 3 Things are as they are simply because that is the way they are（从because可见这是承接上文，具体解释中国思想了，可扫读一下第4段的首句确定）. The natural principle of order, common to all that exists, is called the Way (dao)（新的概念the Way的提出，必然后面要具体解释，这是铁定规律）. The Way is not some sort of law or pattern that God or prophets (先知) forced on what exists. It reveals itself in the
阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是： 1．阅读材料，理解材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节。2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3．既理解文章的字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。 4．既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应具有的常识去理解判断。 根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：主题主旨大意，细节理解题，综合推理题，概括归纳题，观点归纳题，人物评价题，词义句义理解题，指代关系题，内容排序题等。 下面结合自己平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一．主旨大意题 阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括与总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。每篇短文都有其主题思想，而作者表现主题思想的手法各不相同。这就需要我们挖掘相同点，寻找解题的方法。 常见题型： 1．主题型： What’s the main idea of this passage ? What does this passage mainly discuss? What’s the topic of this passage ? 2．标题型： What’s the best title? The best title for this text is (to tell ) ————. 3．目的型： The main purpose of this text is ————. The author’s purpose o f writing this text is to ————. What’s the main purpose of the passage?
（英语）高考英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析) 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Ana, her husband Mario, and their four-year old son Antonio just moved to North Carolina. They need a temporary place to call "home" until they get settled into their new surroundings. So, Ana figured that she had better start looking for an apartment for them to stay in. First, Ana picked up an Apartment Book at her local newspaper stand. The Apartment Book contained listings of all the major apartment complexes in her area. Ana started by looking at the prices in the advertisements for apartments in the Apartment Book. Then, she read about the amenities that each apartment complex offered. For example, some apartments had a clubhouse, a gym (also called a "fitness center"), and a pool. After considering prices, amenities, and locations, Ana found a few apartment complexes that she liked. Ana called the apartment complexes. She set up appointments with the apartment managers to see the apartments she found interesting. Ana made five phone calls, total. "I'll see you then," she said to the fifth apartment manager, and hung up the phone. When Mario got home (to the hotel in which they were staying) from work, Ana showed him the list of apartments. "These look good," he said. "Mommy, let me see," said Antonio, whom Mario had just brought home from childcare. Ana showed Antonio the pictures of the apartments. The next day, while Mario was at work and Antonio was at childcare, Ana visited the apartment complexes. After visiting all five, she found that she liked the fifth one the best. It was near a good school system for her son, and it was near her and her husband's workplace. She went home and discussed it with her husband, and they decided that they wanted to rent the apartment. The next day, they called the manager of the apartment complex and told him that they would like the apartment. The manager asked them to sign a rental contract and pay a security deposit so that if any damage was done to the apartment while they were in it, the security deposit would pay for it. They signed the rental contract and paid the security deposit. Finally, they had a place to stay. （1）Which of the following is not an amenity? A.Clubhouse. B.Fitness center. C.Pool. D.High ceilings. （2）What did Ana consider while looking through the Apartment Book? A.Prices. B.Amenities. C.Locations. D.All of the above. （3）Why is the security deposit needed when people rent a house? A.Because it ensures that a renter will pay the rent on time.
高二英语月考答案 听力 1~5 ABACA 6~10 ACBBC 11~15 ABBCA 16~20 BBCAC 阅读 21-23 DBA 24-27 CDBA 28-31 BADC 32-35 BBAC 36-40 CEABD 完形填空 41~45CACBD 46~50BCDBD 51~55ABCAB 56~60CADDA 填空 61invented, 62agricultural, 63are divided, 64basically, 65longest 66that, 67reflecting, 68phenomena, 69has influenced/influences, 70On, 改错 Our beloved dog passed away a few days before (ago). She was about to cross the road while (when) a truck ran out of the (去掉) control and knocked her over. I had no idea how to react (加上to) her sudden death. So (Neither/ Nor) did my little sister. She was always in tear (tears). She couldn’t accept the fact and kept asked (asking) me, “Why can’t I see her again?” We felt heartbreaking (heartbroken) deeply. Our parents suggested in the end that we adopted (adopt) another one. I couldn’t agree more. But we will never forget our sweet dog what(that/who) passed away. My name is Li Hua, a student from XinShiJi Senior High School. With graduation drawing near, I’m desperate for the opport unity to go to Hongkong University. Therefore, I’m writing to consult you about some necessary information. To begin with, obsessed with Environmental Science, I wonder what I’m supposed to do if I want to study the relevant majors. Besides, as many courses are taught in English in Hong Kong, is it necessary for me to take some English tests? Furthermore, I wonder if it is possible for you to tell me something about accommodation. For example, where will I live in Hong Kong, on campus or outside? Finally, could you provide me with more det ails about the living costs, the fees as well as the scholarships? Thank you for your time and attention. I’m looking forward to your early reply.
英语阅读理解文章（作者）意图解题指导教学设计 I．设计思路 《高中英语新课程标准》明确指出：“高中英语课程要有利于学生优化英语学习方法，使他们通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，充分发挥自己的学习潜能，形成有效的学习策略，提高自主学习的能力。” 高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求：要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能： 1、理解主旨要义； 2、理解文中具体信息； 3、根据上下文推断生词的词义； 4、作出简单判断和理解； 5、理解文章的基本结构； 6、理解作者的意图和态度； 7、根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容 或作要词词语转换。 因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下四种： 主旨大意型 事实细节型 词义猜测型 推理判断型 让我们比较一下近两年江苏高考卷阅读理解题的分类题量。
2010年高考阅读理解推理判断题型中要求考生能把握文脉逻辑关系—句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。 推理判断题 英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，而是要求阅读者根据字面意思，通过全篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义，这就是判断推理题。判断推理题在阅读测试中属于难题。 判断推理是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循。判断推理题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深。从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。③要忠于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。立足现在，预测未来。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。 推断题分类 1.推断隐含意义 2.推断作者观点或态度 3.推断写作目的 4.推断文章出处 5.推断文脉逻辑关系 那么，该如何掌握对推断作者观点态度题以及写作目的题的理解呢？ 人物性格、态度及观点判断题： 高考阅读测试中有些是考查对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题时一定要注意：由表及里的准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点；特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词；能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
精编高中英语阅读理解题型解读大全 （一）阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种： 1.读首段，找关键词（人名、地名、建筑、组织名、数字或but and besides howeverso therefor）。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 2.围绕关键词上下看一句。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.重复品味首尾段把好主题方向 （二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧 1.记叙文 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。 2.说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 ●数字说明文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 ●解释说明文 解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what, how, why 等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读，将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。 ●比较说明文 比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作者在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是，在一般情况下，作者的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。