历年高考题的主从复合句
1._____, Carolina couldn’t get the door open.
A. Try as she might
B. As she might try
C. She might as try
D. Might she as try
2.The American Civil War lasted for four years ______ the North won in the end.
A. after
B. before
C. when
D. then
3.Some researchers believe that there is no doubt_____a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
4. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger.
A. in which
B. by which
C. which
D. that
5. Mary wrote an article on _____ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why
B. what
C. who
D. that
6.I have many friends, _______some are businessmen.
A. of them
B. from which
C. who of
D. of whom
7.That was a splendid evening. It’s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. when
B. that
C. before
D. since
8.I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s ____ I have to wait.
A. in case
B. so that
C. in order
D. as if
9.The poor young man is ready to accept ______ help he can get.
A. whichever
B. however
C. whatever
D. whenever
10.Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ______ they are different from your own.
A. until
B. even if
C. unless
D. as though
11.The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him _____ I did.
A. as much as
B. as long as
C. as soon as
D. as far as
12.Danby left word with my secretary ______ he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. which
13. __ _ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When
B. After
C. As
D. Since
14.I walked in our garden, _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.
A. which
B. when
C. where
D. that
15.Do you have any idea _____ is actually going on in the classroom?
A. that
B. what
C. as
D. which
16.There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, ______ she was an only child
A. ever since
B. now that
C. even though
D. even though
17.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs_____ they are being trained.
A. in that
B. for that
C. in which
D. for which
18.My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever, _______, he could neither eat nor sleep.
A. as a result
B. after all
C. any way
D. otherwise
19.Your u ncle seems to be a good driver,______,I wouldn’t dare to travel in his car.
A. even so
B. even though
C. therefore
D. so
20.The way he did it was different _______ we were used to.
A. in which
B. in what
C. from what
D. from which
21.The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ______ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where
B. at which; which
C. at which; where
D. which; in which
22.Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process[过程] _______ it requires attention as well as memory and imagination.
A. until
B. but
C. unless
D. for
23.It is known to all that______ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health.
A. unless
B. whenever
C. although
D. if
24. ______ he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A.A quiet student as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may
D. Quiet as he may be a student
25. The old lady’s hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor ______ this shaking had begun half a year before, and _____ ,only because this, she had been forced to give up her job.
A. when; how
B. how; when
C. how; how
D. why; why
26. Do you still remember the chicken farm _____ we visited three months ago?
A. where
B. when
C. that
D. what
27. Simon thought his computer was broken _______ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on.
A. until
B. unless
C. after
D. because
28.I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early _____ I can have time for a cup of tea.
A. as soon as
B. as a result
C. in case
D. so that
29. ---- Why does she always ask you for help? ---- There is no one else _____, is there ?
A. who to turn to
B. she can turn to
C. for whom to
D. for her to turn
30.It was some time ______ we realized the truth.
A. when
B. until
C. since
D. before
31.The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _____ he thought was not enough.
A. where
B. how
C. what
D. which
32.He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which
B. after that
C. after which
D. from this
33. ____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
A. What is required
B. What requires
C. It is required
D. It requires
34.If a shop has chair ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
35. See the flags on the top of the building？That’s ______ we did this morning.
A. when
B. which
C. where
D. what
36.______he has limited knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.
A. Since
B. Unless
C. As
D. Although
37. Please remind me____he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
A. where
B. when
C. how
D. what
38. —What did your parents think about your decision?
—They always let me do ______ I think I should.
A. when
B. that
C. how
D. what
39. We thought there were 34 students in the dining hall, _______, in fact, there were 40.
A. while
B. whether
C. what
D. which
40. —Could you do me a favor? — It depends on ____ it was.
A. which
B. whichever
C. what
D. whatever
41. Women _____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ____ don’t.
A. who,不填
B. 不填, who
C. who, who
D. 不填, 不填
42._____ you’ve tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is
A. Unless
B. Because
C. Although
D. when
43. He found it increasingly difficult to read,_____his eyesight was beginning to fail.
A. and
B. for
C. but
D. or
44. A man can’t smile like a child, ____ a child smiles with his eyes while a man smiles with his lips alone.
A. so
B. but
C. and
D. for
45. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us,______ we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which
B. to whom
C. with whom
D. with which
46. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ____ I heard the steps.
A. while
B. when
C. since
D. after
47. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _____ he was a man of action.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
48. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair.
A. whose
B. which
C. of which
D. that
49. How long do you think it will be ____ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon.
A. when
B. until
C. that
D. before
50. In time of serious accident, ___ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.
A. whether
B. until
C. if
D. unless
51. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from school _____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why
B. that
C. where
D. because
52. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction______ she had come.
A. of which
B. by which
C. in which
D. from which
53.In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help _____ there is human suffering.
A. whoever
B. however
C. whatever
D. wherever
54. —Do you have anything to say for yourselves?
—Y es, there’s one point ______ we must insist on.
A. why
B. where
C. how
D. /
55.She was educated at Beijing University, ___ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.
A. after that
B. from that
C. from which
D. after which
56. His plan was such a good one _______ we all agreed to accept it.
A. as
B. that
C. so
D. and
57. This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it ________.
A. no matter how it may cost
B. how may it cost
C. how much may it cost
D. however much it may cost
58. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _____ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.
A. since
B. when
C. as
D. while
59. If you are traveling _____ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.
A. in which
B. what
C. when
D. where
60. The Beatles,____many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. as
61. There is much chance____ Bill will recover from his injury in time of race.
A. that
B. which
C. until
D. if
62. Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, _____ this was a memory she especially treasured.
A. as
B. if
C. when
D. where
63. “You can’t have this football back ______ you promise not to kick at my cat again, ” the old man said firmly.
A. because
B. since
C. when
D. until
64. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvement and employ more people to keep it running, ______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. which
65.______ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover.
A. Even if
B. If only
C. While
D. Once
66. We haven’t settled the question of ____ it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A. if
B. where
C. whether
D. that
67. We won’t keep winning games ______ we keep playing well.
A. because
B. unless
C. when
D. while
68. ____ is on belief that improvement in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
A. As
B. That
C. This
D. It
69. I was given three books on cooking, the first______ I really enjoyed.
A. of that
B. of which
C. that
D. which
70. We’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together to talk.
A. where
B. that
C. when
D. which
71. ______ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championship.
A. No matter what
B. No matter which
C. whatever
D. whichever
72. How can you expect to learn anything ____ you never listen?
A. in case
B. even if
C. unless
D. when
73. — Mom, what did your doctor say? —He advised me to live ______ the air is fresher.
A. in where
B. in which
C. the place where
D. where
74. Start out right away, _____ you’ll miss the first train.
A. and
B. but
C. or
D. while
75.—It’s thirty years since we last met.
—But I still remembered the story, believe it or not, ___ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. when
76.— Why di dn’t you tell him about the meeting?
— He rushed out of the room ______ I could say a word.
A. before
B. until
C. when
D. after
77. A warm thought suddenly came to me ___ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.
A. if
B. when
C. that
D. which
78.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _____Chinese in the school, most ______ were from Germany.
A. study; of whom
B. study; of them
C. studying; of them
D. studying; of whom
79. _____ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What
B. Who
C. Whatever
D. Whoever
80. I grew up in Africa, _____ at least I should say that I spend much of the first ten years of my life there.
A. and
B. or
C. so
D. but
81. I won’t call you, ________ something unexpected happens.
A. unless
B. whether
C. because
D. while
82. We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with
B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with
D. not if carefully dealt with
83.____ he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the race.
A. If
B. Since
C. Though
D. When
84. Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language.
A. as
B. that
C. which
D. where
85. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ______ they are not managed carefully.
A. though
B. before
C. until
D. if
86. ________ I really don’t like art, Ifind his work impressive.
A．As B．Since C．If D．While
87.The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we meet them again.
A. after
B. before
C. since
D. when
88. Leave your key with a neighbor ___ you lock yourself out one day
A. ever since
B. even if
C. soon after
D. in case
89. The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago.
A.when
B.which
C.that
D.where
90.____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.
A. What
B. Why
C. Where
D. Which
91. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.
A. That
B. What
C. Whether
D. Where
92. The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.
A. when
B. why
C. whether
D. that
93. Could I speak to--------- is in charge of International Sales ,please?
A．anyone B．someone C．whoever D．nomatter who
94. You can only be sure of_________ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future.
A. that; what
B. what; /
C. which; that
D. /; that
95. —Where’s that report? —I brought it to you ____you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday.
A. if
B. when
C. because
D. before
96. It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself.
A.how
B.what
C.which
D.when
97. Having checked the doors were closed , and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.
A. why
B. that
C. when
D. where
98. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for.
A. what
B. why
C. how
D. whether
99. It is reported that two schools，_____ are being built in my hometown，will open next year.
A．they both B．which both C．both of them D．both of which
100. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ________ sight matters more than hearing.
A. when
B. whose
C. which
D. where
101. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ____ used to be poorly run, is now a successfu l business.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. where
102. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be controlled on purpose.
A. with which
B. to which
C. of which
D. for which
103. Eric received training in computer for one year, _____ he found a job in a big company.
A. after that
B. after which
C. after it
D. after this
104. His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. it
105. —Where did you get to know her? —It was on the farm _________ we worked.
A．that B．there C．which D．where
106. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _____ wanted to buy it.
A. none of them
B. both of them
C. none of whom
D. neither of whom
107. We shouldn’t spent our money testi ng so many people,most of ____are healthy.
A. that
B.which
C. what
D. whom
108. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ___________ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.
A. who
B. which
C. what
D. that
109. He was educated at the local high school, __ _ he went on to Beijing University.
A. after which
B. after that
C. in which
D. in that
110. After graduation she reached a point in her careet she needed to decide what to do.
A.that
B.what
C.which
D.where
111. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, ____they learn simple games and songs.
A. then
B. there
C. while
D. where
112.Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
A.which
B.as
C.why
D.where
113. You will be successful in the interview you have confidence.
A.before
B.once
C.until
D.though
114. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but ________ they have eggs or young chicks, they don’t use a nest.
A. why
B. how
C. unless
D. where
115. He was told that it would be at least three more months _____he could receover and retum to work.
A.when
B.before
C.since
D.that
116. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _______ we’ve actually had that lesson.
A. until
B. after
C. since
D. when
117.Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _____they knew it to be valuable.
A. as if
B. now that
C. even though
D. so that
118. My parents live in a small village.They always keep candles in the house _____ there is a power out.
A. if
B. unless
C. in case
D. so that
119. We had to wait half an hour _____ we had already booked a table.
A. since
B. although
C. until
D. before
120. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.
A.That
B.Which
C.What
D.As
121. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is .
A. what
B. which
C. how
D. where
122. Why no t try your lick downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are.
A. where
B. what
C. when
D. why
123. The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ______ the season.
A. whatever
B. wherever
C. whenever
D. however
124. The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from ______ spoken in England.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. the one
125. —Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?
—I don’t mind where we get ______ there’s sun, sea and beach.
A. as if
B. as long as
C. now that
D. in order that
126. A small car is big enough for a family of three ____ you need more space for baggage.
A. once
B. because
C. if
D. unless
127. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. it
B. what
C. which
D. that
128. It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.
A. that
B. how
C. which
D. when
129. We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people, most of _____are healthy.
A. that
B.which
C. what
D. whom
130. ---Where’s that report?
---I brought it to you ____you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday.
A. if
B. when
C. because
D. before
131. Leave your key with a neighbor ___ you lock yourself out one day.
A. ever since
B. even if
C. soon after
D. in case
132．We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday _____ it rains or it’s very cold.
A. since
B. if
C. unless
D. until
133．It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. where
134．The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why
135.They will fly to Washington, they plan to stay for two or three days.
A. where
B. there
C. which
D. when
136. It was not until midnight they reached the camp site.
A. that
B. when
C. while
D. as
137. People in Chongqing are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. how
138. All people, they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
A. even if
B. whether
C. no matter
D. however
139．I thought we’d be late for the concert, ______ we ended up getting there ahead of time.
A. but
B. or
C. so
D. for
140．When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.
A. what
B. why
C. whom
D. which
141．_____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.
A. If
B. While
C. Because
D. As
142．The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control.
A.most of them
B. most of which
C. most of what
D. most of that
143．All the neighbors admire this family. _______the parents are treating their child like a friend.
A. why
B. where
C. which
D. that
144．Students are always interested in finding out _______ they can go with a new teacher.
A. how far
B. how soon
C. how often
D. how long
145．-----Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you.
-----Ok, ______ you make it short.
A. now that
B. if only
C. so long as
D. every time
146．Animals suffered at the hands of Man _____ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural had to provide food for more people.
A. in which
B. for which
C. so that
D. in that
147．Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ____ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.
A. where
B. when
C. who
D. which
148．He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
A. though
B. for
C. but
D. so
149．_____ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
A. It
B. This
C. What
D. As
150．Occasions are quite rare ____ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A. who B. which C. why D. when
151．You’d better not leave the medicine _____ kids can get at it.
A. even if
B. which
C. where
D. so that
152．The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds.
A. the hands of whom
B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of
D. the hands of which
153．Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held?
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. where
154．For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _______ New York is an example.
A. for which
B. in which
C. of which
D. from which
155．There were some chairs left over _____ everyone had sat down.
A. when
B. until
C. that
D. where
156．In some places women are expected to earn money ____ men work at home and raise their children.
A. but
B. while
C. because
D. though
157．is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.
A. It
B. What
C. As
D. Which
158. Nancy enjoyed herself so much she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
159．By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangms, appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A. of which
B. on which
C. from which
D. above which
160．The Science Museum, _______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where
161．_______ you eat the correct foods _______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A. Only if; will you
B. Only if; you will
C. Unless; will you
D. Unless; you will
162．______hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.
A. Whatever
B. Whenever
C. Wherever
D. However
163．I used to love that film______I was a child, but I don't feel it that way any more.
A. once
B. when
C. since
D. although
主从复合句 一基础理论： 1. 英语表达的五个层次 字母—单词—句子—段落—文章 2. 词的分类： 名词系统：名词；代词；冠词；形容词；数词 动词系统：动词；介词；副词 连词系统 3. 不同词性的词按照一定的顺序形成句子，同一个词由于在句子中位置不同所起的作用也不同；词在句子中所起的作用有：主；谓；宾；定；状；补；表 4. 句子是表达独立、完整意思的单位。 五种简单句结构。 ①主系表 ②主不及物动词 ③主谓宾 ④主谓双宾 ⑤主谓宾宾补 5. 并列句：通过and , but, or 并列连词连结的两个或多个简单句。 Give me somewhere to stand, and I will move the earth. Have an aim in your life, or your energies will be wasted. 6. 主从复合句：通过从属连词连结的，有主句和从句的合成结构。 二主从复合句的四项基本原则： 1. 主句符合五种简单句结构。 The day we had looked forward to ____at last. A coming B came C come D comes In the evening school where I study computer ____. A is there B has many people C is well taught D is nice 2. 从句也符合五种简单句结构。 ①From the first time I flew a flat paper kite as a child, I was always wondering____. A how made it fly B how it made fly C what it made fly D what made it fly ②The factory___ produces steel is the biggest one of the kind in our city. A which B whom C whose D where ③The factory___ Tom works is the biggest one of the kind in our city. A which B whom C whose D where 3. 如何识别主句和从句？只识别从句，另一句就是主句。 如何识别从句？通过从属连词加以识别。 ①从属连词属于从句，且位于从句的句首； The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ___best in its climate and soil. A it grows B what grows C does it grow D what does it grow It was an agreement___ could not be changed’ A of which details B whose the details C the details of which D all whose details ②从属连词在从句中既可以不承担具体功能，仅起识别的标志作用，但它同时破坏了原来
主从复合句 一宾语从句 用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句在句中起宾语作用，它可以用作动词的宾语，也可以做动词的宾语，也可以做介词、不定式、分词、动名词以及某些形容词（如：sure, glad, pleased, certain, afraid, surprised, satisfied 等）的宾语，宾语从句可以由连词that, whether, if;代词who, whose, what, which和副词when, where, how, why等引导。 他想他过几天就会好了。 I think (that) he’ll be all right in a few days. 你知道他们在等谁吗 Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for 他问那是谁的字典。 He asked whose dictionary it was. 注意老师说的话。 Pay attention to what the teacher said. 1.宾语从句在句中的位置 （1）作宾语的从句。如： I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么事。 （2）作介词的宾语。如： Our success depends upon/on how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功在于我们彼此能够很好的合作。 She is worried about whether her mother can come on time. 她在担心妈妈是否能按时来。 （3）作形容词的宾语。 I’m afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.我恐怕我犯错误了。 类似的形容词还有：anxious, aware, certain, confident, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, hurt, satisfied等。 （4）it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中，如： 他很明确地说他宁愿学习英语。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English. 注意：有些动词后不能跟that从句作宾语，这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等。 2.宾语从句的引导词 （1）当宾语从句是由陈述句转化而来时，由that 引导，这时that在宾语从句中无意义，不充当任何成分，常省略。如： I know (that) you have met him. 我知道你曾经见过他。 He told me that he was wrong.他告诉我他错了。 I don’t believe he has finished his work.我相信他还没有完成他的工作。
二、简单句、并列句和复合句 （一）句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种: 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）:He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）:Do they like skat in g? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she? 3）祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class 4）感叹句:How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种: 1）简单句:只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2）并列句:由并列连词（and, but, or 等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。 3）复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. （二）简单句的五种基本句型 1 主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a stude nt. 2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work. 3、主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语:e.g. He nry bought a dictio nary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）:e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）:e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 （三）并列句的分类 1表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only …but also …，neither …门o等连接hee.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John. 2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either …or …,othei等see.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. 3、表示转折, 常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore 等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive
并列复合句与主从复合句 一、并列复合句“二步”学习法 并列复合句（简称并列句）与主从复合句（简称复合句）的区别是：并列句用并列连词连接两个或两个以上的句子，并表示句子与句子之间的并列关系。复合句是一个完整的句子，用连接词连接的从句充当句子的某一个成分，是主从关系。 试比较： Come here early , and you will see our manager . （两个句子之间是并列关系，没有从属关系，所以是并列复合句） If you come here early , you will see our manager . （句中If引导的条件状语从句和后面的主句有主从关系，从句从属于主句，所以是主从复合句） 二、掌握并列复合句的连词 并列句的连词由单个连词和连词词组两部分组成。 1、由and ,but ,or/or else , so , for 等并列连词把连个简单句连接起来而成为 并列复合句。 2、由并列连词词组连接成的并列复合句。常用的并列连词词组有not only …but also …. , either…or…, neither …nor…, not…but…, both…and…, as well as…等等
三、主从复合句“二步”学习法 主从复合句中的从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句等6种。前四种均相当于一个名词的作用-----名词性从句。 名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句 第一步、掌握复合句的结构 以下采用线条和图示的方法介绍复合句的结构： 说明： 主句：_________________ 从句：﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ 连接词： 1.主语从句的两种结构： ①连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍谓_________________ Who are the winners hasn’t been announced . ②It谓_________________ 连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ It hasn’t been announced who are the winners . 主语从句是整个句子作主语，他可以放在主句的谓语动词之前（结构①），但多数情况是it做形式主语（结构②），而把主语从句放在主句之后。如果主语从句太长，显得笨重，这是我们就采用结构② 这种it作形式主语的主从复合句有以下几种结构： ①It is ＋ n. ＋ that … ②It is ＋ adj. ＋that… ③It is ＋过去分词＋从句
二、简单句、并列句和复合句 (一)句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种: 1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before. 2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she? 3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class 4)感叹句:How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种: 1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。 3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. (二)简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a student. 2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 (三)并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John. 2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.
【专题】主从复合句（状从、名从和定从） 【考点分析】 状语从句 1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别； 2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词，引导的时间状语从句； 3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型； 4.till和until的用法； 5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法； 6.结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that”的区别； 7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法； 8.“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的用法； 9. in case引导的状语从句； 10.where引导的状语从句； 11.once引导的状语从句。 12.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。 名词从句 1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别； 2.名词从句的语序和时态； 3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况； 4.宾语从句的否定转移； 5.whether和if的用法区别； 6.what在名词性从句中的使用； 7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用； 8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别； 9.连接词that的省略； 定语从句 1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别； 2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别； 3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别； 4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查； 5. such…as与such…that的区别；the same…as与the same…that的区别； 6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查； 7.the way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略； 8.含有插入语的定语从句； 9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。 【知识点归纳】 I.句子的种类 复习主从复合句时，我们首先要对句子的种类有所了解，才能更深入地掌握主从复合句的知识。 按用途分
将下列带定语从句的主从复合句变为简单句： 1.The young woman who works in his office used to be a housewife. 2.The boat suddenly struck a rock that was covered by mud and sand. 3.John was always the last student that left the classroom after school. 4.If only I had two lives that I could lay down for my dear motherland！ 5.He made his way through the people who were curious to see the murderer. 6.We badly need some people who are able to do the job successfully. 7.I met a strange old woman who carried a big umbrella in her hand. 8.The policeman examined the chair which stood against the wall. 9.I once visited the house where the president once lived and worked for four years. 10.I have never been to the village where my grandparents once lived 11.They often think of the days when they lived happily together on the island. 12.Spring is the season when t he parks are always full of happy children 13.The reason is his own affair. Why will he stay in the country for more days ? 14.Can you give us one good reason ? Why should you give up studying music ?
简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句 文章来源：互联网 在前面各讲中所说的肯定句、否定句、各种疑问句、感叹句等，是根据句子的作用来划分的。今天，我们再学习一种新的分类方法：即根据句子的内部结构，特别是句子与句子之间的关系来划分的方法。根据句子结构，可以分为三种主要类型：简单句、并列句、复合句，另外还有一种叫并列-复合句子。 要搞懂英语句子结构分类，有一点首先必须明白：即什么是“句子”？句子的概念有两层含义：一是它能表达一个清晰、完整的意思。反过来讲，只要能表达一个清晰、完整的意思的语言单位，不论是长是短，哪怕是一个单词，也算作是一个句子。这是从意义方面来说的。二是句子的结构完整。所谓“完整”，最核心的是一个句子应该有“主语、谓语”。也就是说，有主语、有谓语的语言单位就是一个句子。这就是从句子结构方面来分的，也是从句子语法成份方面来划分的。我们所讲的简单句、并列句、复合句都是从主语、谓语来判定句子类型的。 如果按照句子的结构分类，英文句子可分为三种类型：简单句(Simple Sentence)，并列句(Compound Sentence)和复合句(Complex Sentence)。 一、简单句 简单句的定义是：或者只有一个主语，或者只有一个谓语。为什么说“或者”呢？因为简单句可以只有一个主语，但有几个谓语；或者可以有几个主语，但只有一个谓语。这样一分，简单句就有三种形式了。 1、只有一个主语、一个谓语，再加上其它成份。例如： Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。 The film is not interesting. 这部电影没有意思。 Can you finish the work on time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ 2、只有一个主语，但有几个谓语，再加上其它成份。例如： The boy were running, shouting and laughing. 男孩们一边跑，一边笑，一边喊叫着。 You cannot listen to music and memorize at the same time. 你不能既听音乐，同时又背诵东西。 Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paidmore and more attention by people.
主从复合句 主句是主体，从句只是句子的一个成分，换言之，将句子（除谓语外）的各个成分扩展开来就成了从句。关联词分五类： 疑问代词：who（whom/whose）， which, what, 关系代词：who（whom/whose）， which, that, 疑问副词：when, where, why, how 关系副词：when, where, why 从属连词：that (无词义)， whether, if, although, after because, before, when, since， as soon as, as long as 只有从属连词没有句子功用，即不担任句子成分。 从句分为五类： 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 句中作用如同名词。一般都不用逗号，所用关联词相同：1,连词that/whether/if 2, 疑问代词who/what/which 3, 疑问副词when /where /how /why（引导间接疑问句） 定语从句 状语从句 一．主语从句subject clause，也可分为三种：that引导的主从 / 由连接代副词引导的主从 / what 和whoever等引导的主从。 1由that引导的主从，用得最多。(that 后面是主语) “That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence.”她成为画家可能是受其父亲的影响。 上面句子看着别扭陌生，换成it引导的句子就熟悉了，因为一般除强调外都后置而由it代替，有五种形式：
（1）+ that 、、、 It is natural that they should have different views. （2）、、、 It’s a wonder that you are still alive. （3）宾语) or adverbial(副词)) + that、、、 It seems that you’re right. It struck me that we ought to make a new plan. 我忽然想起我们应该制订一个新计划。 It never occurred to me that perhaps she was lying. 我从未想到或许她是在说谎 （4）、、、 It was rumored （It is said） that you was suffering from a stone in the kidney. 谣传说/据说你得了肾结石。 （5）、、、 No, no, it couldn’t be that they were interested in him. 不，不，他们不可能对他有兴趣。口语中that可以省略： It was clear(that) his words pleased her. 显然他的话使她高兴。 When he’ll be back depends much on the weather. Who is to be sent there ha sn’t been decided. It’s clear enough what he meant. 两种结构都能用，但是it结构更多，有四种形式。 It was not clear to me why he behaved like tha t. 我不太清楚他为什么会这样做。 It’s a puzzle how life began. 生命如何开始是一个谜
高中英语语法难点——并列句和主从复合句并列句基本概念： 并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。2、常见的并列句： (1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…等,and 所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or,otherwise,or else,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but,yet,still ,however等,前后分句时态一致。(4) 说明原因, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。(5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。 主从复合句 1、概念： 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。如：While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。) / It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起来会议没完没了。) / Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late.(快点, 要不然就来不及了。) / However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。) 2、分类： 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。(参见以下各条) 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法： (1) 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。①基本形式：(主句＋)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择：若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时；如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等
简单句、并列句和复合句 考点一简单句 1.简单句只包含一个主谓结构. 2.五种简单句: 1)主+谓. He comes at last. 2)主+系+表. She is a teacher. The soup tastes nice. 3)主+谓+宾. They reached the village. 4)主+谓+间宾+直宾. He gave me a pen. 5)主+谓+宾+宾补. I find that book very useful. 考点二并列句 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连接起来。 常用的连接词有： 1.表示顺承关系的：and, not only…but also（不仅….而且….）等。 She gave us a lot of advice, Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, helped us to overcome difficulties. at last she succeeded. 2.表示选择关系和否定条件的有or（还是，否则） Do you want to leave now would you rather set off later? Wear your coat, you’ll catch a cold. 3.表示转折关系的有but, yet 等。 He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。 4.表示因果关系的有for, so 等。 My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。 考点三主从复合句：宾语从句 1.宾语从句的引导词 （1）引导陈述句用that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略) He tells me (that ) he is going shopping this Sunday. (2)引导一般疑问句用if 或whether. She asked me if\ whether she could join us. (whether…or not) (3)引导特殊疑问句，要用原来的特殊疑问词。 She asked them what they were doing. 2.宾语从句的语序：要用陈述句语序。 I want to know when the train left. 3.宾语从句的时态 （1）主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。 He tells us that he has been able to look after himself. (2)主句是过去时态，宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。 They said that they had already finished the work. (3)如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句 都用一般现在时。 He said that light travels faster than sound. 3. 练习 1）She asked me, “Will you go to the cinema tomorrow?” (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
主从复合句--表语从句 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。 例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. 一、表语从句的定义：表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。 二、表语从句的构成：关联词+简单句 三、引导表语从句的关联词的种类： 1. 可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。 China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。 The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。 At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word. 当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。 2. 从属连词whether, as, as if / though引导的表语从句 He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 3. because, why引导的表语从句 That's because he didn't understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。 (That's because...强调原因) That's why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。(That's why...强调结果) what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that 引导，不宜用because。 The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me. 我难过的原因是他没有理解我。 4. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那 就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 5. 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 6. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句 在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用"should+动词原形" 表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出 发。 四、应注意的问题： 1. 连系动词be，appear，seem，look等之后可以跟表语从句。 It was because he didn't pass the exam. 那是因为他没有通过考试。 It seems（that）he was late for the train. 看来他没搭上火车。
2018 年高考英语全国卷1,2 长难句分析 1 (全国卷1 阅读B) (原文) And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11. (译文) 这位“早安，英国”的电视节目主持人说，她能够在自己的家里把许多学到 的东西付诸实践，为14 岁的儿子山姆，13 岁的芬恩，和11 岁的杰克准备膳食。 (分析) 这是一个多重复合句，主句And the Good Morning Britain presentersays 后面跟的是省略了that 的宾语从句。宾语从句本身也是复合句，其中what she's learnt 也是宾语从句，preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11是-ing 形式做伴随状语。 2 (全国卷1 阅读C) (原文) The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. (译文) 一般的规律是，温和地带的通常为许多人所使用的语言相对较少，而炎 热潮湿地带的语言较多，通常为少数人所使用。 (分析) 这是一个复合句，句中that 引导一个表语从句；从句中often spoken by many people 和often spoken by small numbers为-ed形式做定语，分别修饰few languages 和lots。同时while 在句中做并列连词，意为“然而”，表示对比。 3 (全国卷1 七选五) (原文) A grasp of how to manage color in your spacesis one of the first steps to creating rooms you ’ll love to live in. (译文) 懂得这样处理自己居所的颜色选择是营造你喜爱房间的关键步骤之一。 (分析) 这是一个主从复合句。you’ll love to live in修饰先行词rooms, 省略了关系 代词that/which。steps后的to 是介词，所以跟-ing 形式creating。
并列句、主从复合句专项复习练习一、在空格中填入适当的连词。he tried hard, ____________________ she was unsuccessful. 1．Sut on more clothes, ____________________ you may catch cold. 2P．ou may ____________________ do it yourself ____________________ leave it to me. Y3．n the old days he could ____________________ read ____________________ write. I4． e could ____________________ read French ____________________ speak it well. 5．Hhere is little hope of success ____________________ there is no harm in trying. ．T6t trust him. e knew nothing against the man; ____________________ he didn'7．Ht buy a new suit now, ____________________ this old one will have to do for a bit '．8I canlonger. t know English, I had to ask someone to be my interpreter. ．9 ____________________ I didn'10. She must be from Hunan, ____________________ only Hunanese talk in that way. 11. You walk ahead ____________________ you know the way better. t want to. t have to do it ____________________ she doesn'12. She doesn'13. ____________________ he was going over the notes, he made an important discovery. 14. He got more and more excited ____________________ he talked on. 15. Give me a ring ____________________ you need my help. t give you an answer ________________ we get instructions from our government. 16. We can'll feel better. 17. ____________________ you take the medicine you'18. They fought bravely ____________________ they knew theirs was a