新概念大学英语课文单词
Unit1
1. adultn. a fully grown person or animal 成年人;成年动物 e.g. The adults in the family like the world news section.
2. agonyn. very great pain or suffering of mind or body (身心的)极度痛苦e.g. The wounded man was in agony.
3. anticipatevt. expect 预期，期望e.g. The police had anticipated trouble from the soccer fans and were at the ground in large numbers.
4. antiquen. 古物，古玩 e.g. He can tell a real antique from a fake one.
5. argumentn. 论据，论点;争论e.g. There are many arguments against smoking.
6. assignvt. give as a share or duty 配，分派e.g. Those rooms have been assigned to us.
7. assignmentn. a piece of work that is given to a particular person (分配的)工作，任务，作业e.g. I hardly ever take pictures except on assignment.
8. associatevt. join or connect together; bring in the mind 使联系起来;使联想e.g. Through science we've got the idea of ssociating progress with future.
9. avoidvt. keep or get away from 避免e.g. The pilots had to take emergency action to avoid a disaster. 10. borevt. make (sb. ) become tired and lose interest 使(人)厌烦e.g. I hope you're not getting bored listening to me. 11. careern. 生涯，事业；职业e.g. We can learn much by reading about the careers of great men.
12. comica. 滑稽的;喜剧的n. 连环漫画(册) e.g. Most of these trips had exciting or comic moments. 13. commandn. , v. 命令，指令 e.g. The officer commanded his men to fire. 14. composevt. write or create (music, poetry, etc.) 创作 e.g. He teaches music and also composes music. 15. congratulationn. (usu.pl) expression of joy for sb.'s success, luck, etc. 祝贺，恭喜e.g. We offer our congratulations on her success. 16. contemptn. 轻视，轻蔑e.g. Many voters hold their politicians in contempt. 17. demonstrationn. act of showing or proving sth. 表明;证明e.g. Can you give us a simple demonstration of gravity? 18. disciplinen. punishment; order kept (among school-children, soldiers, etc.) 惩罚，处分;纪律e.g. The army was criticized for its harsh discipline. 19. distributevt. divide and give out among people, places, etc. 分发，分配，分送 e.g. In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed among friends. 20. essayn. 散文，小品文;论说文e.g. The other day I came across an interesting essay on the war with Napoleon. 21. essencen. the most important quality of a thing 本质;精髓 e.g. Accuracy is one of the essence f the English language. 22. extraordinarya. very unusual or strange 不同寻常的;奇特的 e.g. He is a man of extraordinary talents. 23. face up tobe brave enough or accept or deal with 勇敢地接受或对付e.g. She must face up to the fact that she is no longer young. 24. finally ad. at last 最终，终于 e.g. Finally, I should like to thank you all for coming and to wish you a pleasant journey home. 25. formala. (too) serious and careful in manner and behavior; based on correct or accepted rules 刻板的，拘谨的;正式的，正规的 e.g. Business letters are usually formal, but we write in an informal way to family members or friends. 26. hold backprevent the expression of (feelings, ears, etc.) 控制(感情、眼泪等) e.g. She kept trying to hold back her tears. 27. hopelesslyad. very much; without hope 十分，极度;绝望地e.g. The story is hopelessly confusing. 28. humorn. 心情;幽默，诙谐e.g. He is in a good humor today. 29. imagen. a picture formed in the mind 形象; 印象;(图)像 e.g. I had this image of London in my head which was totally different from what it really is. 30. inabilityn. lack of power, skill or ability 无能，无力 e.g. Her inability to oncentrate could cause an accident. 31. inspirevt. fill (sb.) with confidence, eagerness, etc. 激励，鼓舞e.g. The last leaf on the tree that never fell off inspired the dying patient with the will to live on. 32. jawn. 颌，颚e.g. Which jaw moves up and down when you talk? 33. necktien. tie 领带e.g. He likes to wear narrow neckties. 34. off and onfrom time to time; sometimes 断断续续地;有时e.g. It has been raining off and on for a week.
35. open-hearteda. sincere, frank 诚挚的e.g. He was open-hearted in his wish to help us. 36. out of dateold-fashioned 过时的
e.g. Will denim jeans ever go out of date? 37. possibilityn. 可能(性) e.g. Is there any possibility of your getting to London this week? 38. prima. (usu. disapproving) (of a person) too formal or correct in behavior and showing a dislike of anything rude; neat 古板的，拘谨的;循规蹈矩的;整洁的e.g. Those young ladies are much too prim and proper to enjoy such a rude joke. 39. primlyad. 刻板地，拘谨地;循规蹈矩地;整洁地e.g. When the boss came in, all the workers were sitting there primly. 40. put downwrite down 写下e.g. Here's my address -- put it down before you forget it. 41. recallvt. bring back to the mind; remember 回想起，回忆起e.g. I don't recall his name or where I met him. 42. recapturevt. (lit) ring back into the mind; experience again 再现;再次经历 e.g. They took a second honeymoon and tried to recapture their earlier happiness. 43. relivevt. experience again, esp. in one's imagination 体验，重温 e.g. That was an experience I should not like to relive. 44. reputationn. 名声;名誉 e.g. He is a man of good reputation. 45. respectablea. (of behavior, appearance, etc.) socially acceptable 可敬的;体面的;文雅的 e.g. Are these clothes respectable enough for Mrs Whitehouse's party? 46. ridiculen. making or being made fun of 嘲笑，嘲弄;被戏弄e.g. I know that ridicule may be a shield, but it is not a weapon. 47. rigida. (often disapproving) fixed in behavior, views or methods; strict 一成不变的;严格的e.g. My father is very rigid in his thinking. 48. scanv. look through quickly 浏览，粗略地看e.g. He scanned the newspaper while having his breakfast. 49. sealn.
印，图章 e.g. Please put a seal on the box. 50. sequencen. 一连串相关的事物; 次序，顺序e.g. A sequence of bad harvests
forced some African countries to ask for foreign aid. 51. severea. completely plain; causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc. 朴素的;严重的，剧烈的e.g. Shortages of staff are very severe in some places. 52. spaghettin. 意大利式细面条 e.g. Many people consider spaghetti as their favored food. 53. tacklevt. try or deal with 处理，应付e.g. I don't know how to tackle this problem. 54. take holdbecome established 生根，确立e.g. The newly planted vines quickly took hold. 55. tediousa. boring and lasting for a long time 乏味的;冗长的e.g. The tedious play put the audience to sleep. 56. titlen. a name given to a book, film, etc. 标题，题目vt. give a name to 给…加标题，加题目于e.g. The book was first published in 1969 under the title of "Life and Death". 57. turn inhand in (work that one has done) (交作业) e.g. For your final grade, each of you must turn in a 7-page paper. 58. turn outproduce 编写;生产，制造e.g. The company turns out new computer games at a great rate. 59. violatevt. act against 违背，违反e.g. They violated the ceasefire（停火）agreement. 60. what's morein addition, more importantly 而且，此外;更有甚者 e.g. How can you love this man? He watches TV all day long, and what's more, he seems not to have brushed his teeth for months! Proper Names Russell Baker 拉塞尔·贝克Belleville 贝尔维尔(美国地名) Fleagle 弗利格尔(姓氏) Allen 艾伦(男子名) Charlie 查理(男子名) Doris 多丽丝(女子名) Hal 哈尔(男子名，Henry, Harold的昵称) Pat 帕特(女子名，Patricia的昵称) COPYRIGHT ? 2006 SHANGHAI FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCA TION PRESS
Unit2
1. a couple of几个;一对，一双e.g. Across the street there are a couple of police officers standing guard.
2. absolutelyad.
completely 完全地,极其absolute a. e.g. I'm absolutely starving (= very hungry). 3. all the way自始至终，一直e.g. I am with
you all the way. 4. apologeticallyad. showing or saying that one is sorry for some fault or wrong 道歉地,带着歉意地 e.g.
Finally the boy's parents appeared and gave him a hug apologetically. 5. available a. able to be used, had or reached 可用的;可
得到的 e.g. Details of the competition are available from our head office. 6. awfula.(infml) (used to add force) very great; very
bad or unpleasant 非常的, 极大的; 可怕的，糟糕的e.g. It was awful to see him in such pain. 7. be lost in/lose oneself inbe
absorbed in, be fully occupied with 专心致志于e.g. He was lost in thought, staring at the book in front of him. 8. cabn. a taxi
出租车 e.g. The cabs were lined up outside the station. 9. cabbien. (infml) a taxi driver e.g. Cabbie, how far is it to Johnson Street? 10. choke upbecome too upset to speak (因激动等)哽得说不出话;堵塞choke v. (使)窒息;堵塞e.g. Losing my job left me completely choked up; I was so upset that I didn't know what to say. 11. come uphappen, occur , esp. unexpectedly (尤指意想不到地)发生，出现 e.g. I'll let you know if anything comes up. 12. correspondencen. the act of writing, receiving or sending letters; letters 通信(联系);信件e.g. His interest in writing came from a long correspondence with a close friend. 13. destinationn. 目的地 e.g. The parcel was sent to the wrong destination. 14. estimatevt. form a judgement about 估计e.g. We haven't estimated the proper price for the contract yet. 15. every now and thensometimes, at times e.g. I write to him every now and then. 16. go aheadcontinue; begin e.g. Could I ask you a rather personal question?" "Of course, go ahead." 17. go by(of time) pass (时间)逝去e.g. Two years went by. 18. guyn. 家伙;伙计e.g. He's quite a nice guy when you get to know him. 19. hang out(infml) stay in or near a place, not doing very much 闲荡;徘徊e.g. They normally hang out in the pub. 20. in the distancefar away e.g. Y ou can see the ancient ruins in the distance. 21. keep in touch (with)(与...)保持联系，保持接触e.g. I haven't really kept in touch with people I knew at school. 22. keep upcontinue without stopping 保持e.g. They risk losing their homes because they can no longer keep up the repayments. 23. kidn. (infml) a child e.g. I am taking the kids (= my children) to the zoo this afternoon. 24. kind/sort of(infml) a little bit, in some way or degree 有几分,有点儿e.g. It was kind of odd that he didn't come. 25. know/learn by heartmemorize, remember exactly 记住，能背出 e.g. The pupils were required to learn the poems by heart. 26. lose touch失去联系e.g. I am trying to get in touch with my brother; he emigrated to Australia, and I lost touch with him. 27. might/may (just) as well不妨,(也)无妨e.g. The weather was so bad we might (just) as well have stayed at home. 28. mostlyad. almost all; generally 几乎全部; 多半，大体e.g. She uses her car mostly for driving to work. 29. neighborhoodn. 街坊;四邻e.g. She is well-known in the neighborhood for her charitable（慈善的）work. 30. not much of anot a good 不太好的e.g. He is not much of a father, but he is an outstanding professor. 31. on one's mind挂记在心头e.g. She looks very worried; I wonder what is on her mind. 32. or something(infml) (used when you are not very sure about what you have just said) 诸如此类的事e.g. Here's some money. Get yourself a sandwich or something. 33. postponevt. delay 推迟，使延期 e.g. We're postponing our holiday until August. 34. practicallyad. almost e.g. The holidays are practically over; there's only one day left. 35. referencen. 提及，谈到;参考，查阅e.g. Use this dictionary for easy reference. 36. reunionn. (家人、朋友、同事等久别后的)重聚 e.g. We hold an annual reunion of former students of the college. 37. right awayat once e.g. He wants to see you right away. 38. shrugv. lift (the shoulders) slightly 耸(肩) e.g. She just shrugged (her shoulders), saying she
didn't know and didn't care. 39. skipv. 略过，跳过；跳跃e.g. The speaker kept skipping from one subject to another. 40. sorrowfula. showing or causing sadness 伤心的，悲伤的sorrow n. e.g. We all share your sorrow over this sad loss. 41. tougha. (infml) unfortunate; difficult; strong 不幸的;困难的;坚固的;坚强的e.g. The government took tough measures to limit the money supply. 42. unpackv. take out (things) from (a suitcase, etc.) 打开e.g. Have you unpacked (your clothes/ your suitcase) yet? 43. urgev. try very hard to persuade 力劝，催促e.g. They urged us to give our support. 44. windshieldn. (AmE) the glass window in the front of a car, truck, etc. (汽车的)挡风玻璃e.g. Since I couldn't find my friend, I wrote him a note and stuck it on the windshield of his car. Proper Names Foster Furcolo 福斯特·弗克洛Ed 埃德(男子名) Tim Shea 蒂姆·谢Parker 帕克(姓氏或男子名) Culver 卡尔弗(姓氏) Tom 汤姆(男子名) COPYRIGHT ? 2006 SHANGHAI FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCA TION PRESS
Unit3
1. accuratea. exact 准确的，精确的e.g. Is this watch accurate?
2. acida., n. 酸(性的);酸味的(物质) e.g. Acid ionizes（电离）in solution to give the positive ion（离子）of the solvent.
3. aliena. foreign; strange 外国的；陌生的e.g. a resident alien（外侨）/ an alien culture
4. anywayad. (used to change the subject of a conversation or to support an idea or argument) anyhow 不管怎么说 e.g. I shall go and see him anyway.
5. astronomyn. 天文学 e.g. One of my classmates went to Utah to study astronomy.
6. at the momentnow 此刻，目前e.g. He is not here at the moment.
7. attituden. 看法;态度e.g. What is the Municipal Authority's attitude to/towards the proposal of a tunnel across the river?
8. audiencen. 观众；听众；读者e.g. A large audience crowded the concert hall.
9. backgroundn. 背景e.g. This is a photo of Mary with our house in the background. 10. basisn. 基础e.g. What is the basis of your opinion? 11. biologyn. 生物学 e.g. The biology of bacteria can be quite hard to understand. 12. briefa. short; quick 简洁的;短暂的e.g. To be brief (with you), we can't accept such harsh terms. 13. bring aboutmake (sth.) happen 引起，导致e.g. Some educators are hoping to bring about major changes in the educational system.
14. brutisha. 野兽般的，野蛮的e.g. There is a brutish tribe in Amazon. 15. cartoonn. 漫画；动画片e.g. Many adults enjoy cartoons more than children do. 16. civilizationn. 文明 e.g. It is generally accepted that the Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world. 17. competitionn. 竞争;比赛e.g. He was in competition with 10 others for the job. 18. conceptn. 概念e.g. I understand some of the concepts of the theory but I'm not sure about its details. 19. contactvt. get in touch with 与...接触e.g. Friendly contacts between different peoples（民族）facilitate the cultural and economic interchange. 20. conveyvt. make (ideas, feelings, etc.) known to another 传达；表达e.g. I will convey the information to him. 21. cut offstop providing (sth.); remove (sth.) by cutting 切断，中断；切下，剪下e.g. The telephone operator cut us off. 22. democratica. 民主的 e.g. Education is the basis of a democratic society. 23. diagramn. 图表;图解e.g. Draw a diagram showing how the machine works.
24. do without没有...而设法对付过去e.g. There was no television on the island, but we soon learned to do without. 25. educatevt. teach or train 教育 e.g. The writer was educated at a very good school. 26. elementn. 成分;元素e.g. Words are the elements of a sentence. 27. engineeringn. 工程；工程学e.g. He is studying engineering at college. 28. ensurevt. make sure 保证，确保 e.g. We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way. 29. entertainvt. give pleasure to; have as a guest 给...以欢乐；招待 e.g. He often entertains friends at dinner in holiday. 30. equationn. 等式,方程(式) e.g. x + 2y = 7 is an equation.
31. evidenta. clear, obvious 明显的 e.g. It's evident that someone has been here. 32. expertn. 专家e.g. He is an expert in cookery. 33. fictionn. 小说；虚构e.g. He is a writer of historical fiction. 34. fit intobe part of a situation, system, etc.; be part of a group of people or things 适合；符合；属于e.g. The new college courses fit into a national education plan. 35. frameworkn. 框架;结构e.g. This bridge over the river has a steel framework. 36. genetica. 基因的；遗传（学）的 e.g. Genetic variance（变异）leads to the difference of individuals. 37. globala. worldwide, of the whole earth 世界的, 全球的e.g. Michael always dreams of taking a nonstop global flight. 38. graspn. understanding 掌握,了解e.g. V ictory in the election was within her grasp. 39. greenhousen. 温室e.g. Temperature and humidity（湿度）can be controlled in greenhouse for the cultivation or protection of plants. 40. halvevt. 将…减半e.g. The new assembly line has halved the production cost. 41. harnessvt. control and make use of 驾驭; 利用e.g. Some scientists are working hard at how tide can be harnessed to produce electricity. 42. hencead. as a result，therefore; from this time 因此;从此e.g. It is very late; hence you must go to bed. 43. highlyad. very 很，非常 e.g. Mr. Singh was a highly successful salesman. 44. in terms of从…方面（或角度）来说；按照，根据 e.g. The figures are expressed in terms of a percentage. 45. in the form ofhaving the shape of; existing in a particular form 呈…的形状；以…形式 e.g. The trees were laid out in the form of the figure eight. 46. in two minds犹豫不决；三心二意e.g. I think she's in two minds about whether to accept his present or not. 47. informeda. 有知识的，了解情况的;明智的inform vt. 告诉,通知 e.g. Science is now enabling us to make more informed choices about how we use common drugs. 48. initiativen. 首创精神;主动e.g. He helped me on his own initiative. 49. inquiringa. showing an interest in knowing about things 好问的, 爱探索的
inquire v. 询问e.g. John is a boy with an inquiring mind. 50. inventivenessn. 发明才能，创造力e.g. Serendipity （意外发现新奇事物的本领）has something to do with inventiveness. 51. lie inexist or be found in 在于 e.g. The cure for the problem lies in education. 52. likelya. probable 可能的ad. probably 可能e.g. The train is likely to be late. (or：It's likely that the train will be late.) 53. magicn. 魔术;魔力e.g. The man used magic to produce six rabbits from his hat. 54. mathematicala. 数学的e.g. He's some kind of mathematical genius. 55. minorityn. 少数e.g. We're in the minority, more people are against us than with us. 56. moleculara. 分子的e.g. molecular weight / a molecular structure 57. moreoverad. 而且,再者e.g. I don't like skating; moreover, the ice is too thin. 58. nastya. very unpleasant 令人难受的e.g. The medicine has a nasty smell and an even nastier taste. 59. nucleara. 原子核的;核心的e.g. A nuclear family is a family unit that consists of father, mother, and children.
60. precisea. exact 精确的e.g. a precise measurement / a precise instrument 61. privilegeda. having a special advantage 有特权的privilege n. 特权 e.g. We are privileged tonight to have Chairman of the Committee of Foreign Affairs as our distinguished guest. 62. proportionn. 比例;部分 e.g. A large proportion of the students were sick last week. 63. put acrosscause to be understood 解释清楚，使被理解e.g. I'm not putting my meaning across very well. 64. put/turn the clock back倒退，开倒车e.g. Any efforts to try to put the clock back will come to no good end. 65. qualitativea. 定性的;性质上的e.g. We need a qualitative analysis. 66. raten. 速度；比率e.g. The world's forests are disappearing at an even faster rate than experts had thought. 67. relevancen. 相关，关联e.g. The business has no relevance to the matter at hand. 68. responsi bilityn. 责任 e.g. A father has many responsibilities. 69. riskya. full of danger; full of the possibility of failure, loss, etc. 危险的;有风险的 e.g. Investing in airlines is a very risky business. 70. roten. 死记硬背learn by rote 死记硬背地学习e.g. He learned the poem by rote. 71. seriesn. 连续；系列；系列节目e.g. He saw a series of white arrows painted on the road. 72. slow downmake slower 减慢 e.g. It seems likely that the economy will slow down over the next twelve months. 73. steadya.constant; firm 平稳的；稳定的 e.g. There has been a steady improvement in her condition. 74. sufficienta. as much as is needed, enough 充分的,足够的 e.g. Have you had sufficient sleep? 75. suppressvt. keep from appearing 抑制;压制 e.g. Don't suppress your feelings when you are in love. 76. technologyn. 技术e.g. Science and technology is the uppermost productivity. 77. tendvi. be likely to happen or have a particular characteristic or effect 倾向，趋向e.g. People under stress tend to express their full range of potential. 78. transistorn. 晶体管；晶体管收音机e.g. a transistor radio 79. trulyad. 真正地;确实地 e.g. This is a truly beautiful picture. 80. weaponn. 武器 e.g. Weapon is an instrument of attack or defense in combat. Proper Names Stephen Hawking 斯蒂芬·霍金Einstein 爱因斯坦(1879-1955，美籍德国理论物理学家) COPYRIGHT ? 2006 SHANGHAI FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCA TION PRESS
Unit4
1. abandonvt. give up completely or forever 抛弃，放弃e.g. When the fire got out of control, the captain told the sailors to abandon their ship.
2. above allmost important of all 最重要的是 e.g. And above all, remember to send us your comments.
3. after allin spite of what has been said or done 毕竟, 终究e.g. It has turned out to be a nice day after all.
4. amazevt. surprise (sb.) very much 使惊愕，使诧异e.g. Y our knowledge amazes me.
5. amazementn. 惊愕，诧异e.g. To my amazement I came first.
6. amusevt. cause to laugh or smile; cause to spend time in a pleasant manner 逗乐，给...提供娱乐e.g. His silly jokes amused the children.
7. apprenticen. 学徒e.g. The company is taking on four new apprentices.
8. approachv. come near/nearer to 接近e.g. The time is approaching when we will have to leave.
9. assumevt. suppose 假设；以为e.g. If he's not here in five minutes, we'll assume (that) he isn't coming. 10. balance sheet资产负债表11. balancen. 平衡；余额e.g. I found it hard to keep my balance on the icy path. 12. bankern. 银行家；银行高级职员13. basementn. 地下室e.g. She lives in a basement.
14. call onvisit (sb.) for a short time 拜访e.g. We can call on Mary tomorrow. 15. capacityn. the ability to understand or do sth. 能力，才能 e.g. He has a great capacity for enjoying himself. 16. charactern. （人的）品德；品质；性格 e.g. The twins look alike but have very different characters. 17. clean upmake clean and tidy 打扫，清除e.g. It's your turn to clean (the kitchen) up.
18. complimentvt. praise 赞扬n. 赞美的言辞或行为e.g. I must compliment you on the way you handled the meeting. 19. comprehendvt. understand fully e.g. The child read the story but did not comprehend its full meaning. 20. conf idencen. 信心e.g. She's a good student but she lacks confidence. 21. createvt. produce or make (esp. sth. new) 创造，创作e.g. The project will create up to 60 new jobs. 22. damna., n. (infml) (usu. used in negatives) of even the smallest amount 丝毫e.g. His promise isn't worth a damn. 23. decimaln. 小数e.g. Y ou know 0.6 is a decimal because there's a decimal point between the 0 and 6. 24. determinationn. 决心；决定e.g. The police chief spoke of his determination to catch the killer. 25. dietn. food and drink usually taken by a person or group日常饮食e.g. A balanced diet and regular exercise are both important for health. 26. discardvt. (fml) throw away 抛弃e.g. I've discarded my old coat. 27. do with(used in questions with "what") 对待，处理 e.g. What have you done with my book? 28. drivewayn. 宅旁私家车道e.g. A driveway is a road for vehicles that connects a
private house or garage with the street. 29. for saleintended to be sold 待售e.g. This picture is only on display; it's not for sale.
30. gianta. of great size or force 巨大的n. 巨人e.g. The giant (size) package gives you more for less money. 31. graduatev. （使）毕业n. （尤指大学）毕业生 e.g. She graduated from Oxford with a first-class degree in physics. 32. grind(ground)vt. 磨，磨碎，碾碎 e.g. We grind (up) the wheat to make flour. 33. grindern. 磨工 e.g. a coffee grinder 34. handlevt. manage; control 管理，处理；操纵e.g. She didn't know how to handle the problem. 35. hardwaren. 五金器具；（计算机的）硬件 e.g. Y ou can buy what you need in that hardware store. 36. helpfula. giving help; useful 有帮助的；有用的e.g. It was very helpful of you to do that typing for me. 37. homeya.(infml) pleasant; like home 舒适的；像家一样的 e.g. a large, homey dining room 38. huntv. 寻找；打猎e.g. I have hunted high and low (= everywhere) for my socks. 39. industrialistn. 工业家，实业家 e.g. Professor Welch is writing an essay about some great industrialists of this country. 40. instrumentn. 工具，器械，仪器e.g. The pilot studied his instruments. 41. integrityn. quality of being honest and responsible; state of being complete 正直；完整 e.g. Our integrity as a nation is threatened by these separatist forces. 42. Italiana. 意大利的 e.g. Can you tell me something about Italian history? 43. lawnn. 草地，草坪e.g. Let's have tea on the lawn. 44. livablea. fit or pleasant to live in 适于居住的 e.g. The house is not livable. 45. loanvt. lend (sth.) 借，贷n. 贷款；借，贷e.g. Can you loan me your tennis racket? 46. micrometern. 测微计，千分尺e.g. A micrometer is an instrument for measuring very small objects. 47. millionairen. 百万富翁 e.g. She leads a simple life though her father is a millionaire. 48. mortgagen. 抵押借款，按揭e.g. My mortgage is with a small building society. 49. mowv. 修剪（草坪）；刈（草）e.g. The grass is getting too long, we must mow the lawn. 50. odds and ends(also: odds and sods) 零星杂物，琐碎物品e.g. He's moved most of his stuff; there are only a few odds and ends left.
51. optimismn. 乐观主义e.g. There is a note of optimism in his voice. 52. pass away(euph) (esp. of a person) die 去世 e.g. She passed away in her sleep. 53. peppern. 辣椒；胡椒粉e.g. I bought some green peppers for the salad. 54. personneln. 人事部门；全体人员，全体职员 e.g. The company's main problem is the shortage of skilled personnel. 55. precisionn. the quality of being exact 精密；精确（性）e.g. Scientific instruments have to be made with great precision. 56. principlen. guiding rule for behavior; basic truth 信条；原则；原理e.g. One of the principles of this dictionary is that definitions should be in simple language. 57. propertyn. land, buildings or both together; sth. which is owned（房）地产；财产e.g. That car is my property; you mustn't use it without my permission. 58. reluctantlyad. 勉强地e.g. She reluctantly accepted the money. 59. routen. 路线；路程 e.g. What's the shortest route from London to Cambridge? 60. rungn.（梯子的）横档，梯级 e.g. The director made his son start on the bottom rung of the ladder as an office boy. 61. screenn. 纱门，纱窗；屏；荧屏e.g. They put a screen around his bed so the doctor could examine him. 62. self-respectn. proper respect for oneself 自尊;自重e.g. She's got too much self-respect to beg her boyfriend to stay. 63. send forask for the arrival of 派人去叫，召唤；派人去取 e.g. We may have to send to Japan for the spare parts. 64. shedn. 小屋，棚vt. 使脱落；使流出，散发出e.g. The army brought down the government, but without shedding blood. 65. skilleda. having skill; needing skill 熟练的，有技巧的；技术性的e.g. We need skilled workers / workers skilled in welding for this job; it is a highly skilled job. 66. sometimead. 某个时候e.g. We'll take our holiday sometime in August, I think. 67. sponsorvt. 为…做保证人；主办，发起n. 保证人；主办者，发起人e.g. The competition was sponsored by a big corporation. 68. spotn. a particular place; a small dirty mark 地点；斑点e.g. On this map X marks the spot where the treasure is buried. 69. staturen. 身材，身高；境界e.g. She had not yet grown to (her) full stature. 70. tractorn. 拖拉机 e.g. The tractor is the most widely used agricultural machine. 71. turn awayrefuse to help (sb.) or to allow (sb.) to enter a place 拒绝帮助；不让…进入 e.g. The hall was full, and hundreds of fans had to be turned away. 72. turn downrefuse 拒绝e.g. Thank you, but I'll have to turn down your offer. 73. visionn. the ability to make great plans for the future; sight; the ability to see 远见；视觉，视力 e.g. I've had my eyes tested and the optician（眼镜商）says that my vision is perfect. 74. weedv. 除去…的杂草；除草n. 杂草，野草e.g. A weed is an unwanted wild plant, esp. one which prevents crops or garden flowers from growing properly. 75. weeklya. happening once a week or every week 每周的；一周一次的e.g. Are you paid weekly or monthly? 76. work outplan; solve; calculate 制定出；解决；算出e.g. Have you worked out the answer/ the sum yet? 77. wreckn. 残破物，（尤指失事船只、飞机等的）残骸 e.g. The car was a total wreck. Proper Names Tony Trivisonno 托尼·特里韦索诺Frederick C. Crawford 弗雷德里克·C·克罗弗德Italy 意大利Rome 罗马(意大利首都) COPYRIGHT ? 2006 SHANGHAI FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCA TION PRESS
Unit5
1. absorbvt. completely hold the attention of (sb.) ; take in 完全吸引住...的注意;吸收e.g. The writer was absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick（轻弹）the ashes from his cigar.
2. anklen. 踝;踝节部e.g. The ankle connects the foot with the leg.
3. broadenv. make or become broader (使)变宽；(使)扩大e.g. For college students to do a part-time job will broaden their outlook.
4. budv. 发芽;萌芽e.g. Some flowers bud their leaves very early in spring.
5. chinn. 下巴,颏e.g. His chin looks
funny. 6. companionvt. spend time or go somewhere with (sb.) 陪伴e.g. May fair（顺的）winds companion your safe return. 7. correspondvi. exchange letters regularly 通信 e.g. We correspond regularly. 8. curln. 鬈发e.g. Her hair is in curls. 9. curvev. (使)弯曲e.g. The river curved round the hill. 10. delicatea. fine, well-formed; soft, tender 精美的;柔软的，娇嫩的e.g. a delicate piece of embroidery（刺绣）. 11. disgustvt. cause a strong and often sick feeling of dislike 使厌恶,使反感 e.g. We're all disgusted at the way her husband has treated her. 12. fertilea. (of land) able to produce good crops 肥沃的,富饶的e.g. A large area of desert was turned to fertile soil. 13. glown. a warm light 光亮,光辉e.g. The fire cast a warm glow on the walls.
14. go sb.'s waygo in sb.'s direction 朝某人走去e.g. I'm going your way. May I give you a ride? 15. granda. splendid in size or appearance 宏伟的;壮丽的e.g. We had a grand view of a sea of clouds when we climbed to the top of the mountain. 16. gratefula. feeling or showing thanks to another person 感激的be grateful to (sb.) for (sth.) 因(某事)而感激(某人) e.g. Our grateful thanks are due to you. 17. grayv. (使)变成灰色e.g. We have grayed the wall of our room. 18. gripv. take a very tight hold (of) 握紧；紧握e.g. The child gripped its mother's arm. 19. handwritingn. 笔迹;手写稿 e.g. Y our handwriting is very good. 20. hauntvt. make (sb.) worry or make (them) sad; (of ghosts) visit (a place) regularly 使担忧，使苦恼;(鬼魂)常出没于e.g. I'm haunted with gloomy thoughts and sad memories. 21. heeln. (鞋、袜等的)后跟;脚后跟,踵e.g. There's a hole in the heel of my stocking. 22. hesitatevi. pause before doing sth. or making a decision 踌躇，犹豫e.g. He hesitated before he answered because he didn't know what to say. 23. identifyvt. recognize or say who or what (sb./sth.) is 识别e.g. The markings are so blurred（模糊的）that it is difficult to identify. 24. insightfula. 具有洞察力的insight n. 洞察力e.g. I learn much from my father's insightful remarks. 25. keena. (of interest, feelings, etc.) strong; deep 强烈的;热切的e.g. Competition is very keen. 26. lapeln. (西服上衣的)翻领e.g. Lapel mike（话筒）is convenient. 27. leathern. (动物的) 皮，皮革e.g. These shoes are made of leather. 28. lieutenantn. 海军上尉;陆军中尉 e.g. David has been a lieutenant before playing basketball. 29. locatevt. find the exact position of ; establish in a certain place 找到…的位置;使坐落于e.g. We located the shops as soon as we moved into the town. 30. longingn. earnest desire 渴望e.g. She has a longing for her son to come home. 31. make one's waygo 走去e.g. Early in the morning the hunter made his way into the woods. 32. marginn. 页边空白e.g. Some publishers make profits by printing books with wider margins and hence charging greater prices. 33. more than a littlevery 很,非常 e.g. The child was more than a little excited to have Michael Jordan sign his T-shirt. 34. murmurv. 轻声说，咕哝e.g. The child murmured in her sleep. 35. overseasad., a. to or in another country 去(在)国外(的),去(在)海外(的) e.g. My brother lives overseas. 36. overweighta. too fat or heavy 过胖的，超重的e.g. This parcel is overweight by two kilos. 37. ownern. a person who owns sth. 所有人e.g. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport. 38. previousa. happening or coming before or earlier 早先的，先前的e.g. He has had no previous experience of this kind of job. 39. provocativea. 挑逗的;挑衅的 e.g. a provocative speech 40. reflectvt. be a sign of, show 反映，显示e.g. Many newspapers reflect the opinions of the children. 41. responsen. reaction ; answer 反应;回答in response to: in answer to 作为对...的回应e.g. There is no response to our call for help. 42. romancen. love story; love affair 爱情故事;风流韵事e.g. They kept the romance alive in their marriage for 35 years. 43. sailorn. 水手，海员;航海者e.g. Sailors often works on a ship. 44. salutev. (向...)行举手礼 e.g. The soldier saluted his officer. 45. schedulevt. arrange for sth. to happen or to be done at a particular time 安排;排定n. 工作日程表，进度表 e.g. The meeting is scheduled on Friday. 46. sensiblea. showing or having good sense 通情达理的,理智的e.g. That was sensible of you. 47. slima. slender; small 苗条的;细小的,微小的 e.g. The fashion（时装）model had a very slim figure. 48. split(split) v. (cause to) break into two or more parts 裂开;破裂e.g. My trousers split when I sat down. 49. straightenv. (cause to) become straight or level (使)变直;(使)变平整e.g. She straightened the picture on the wall. 50. sustainvt. support emotionally; keep (an effort, etc.) going, maintain 支持;使(努力等)持续下去，保持e.g. Although they had been trapped in the cave for two days, they were sustained by the knowledge that help would come soon. 51. take a chance (on sth.)attempt to do sth. in spite of the possibility of failure; take a risk 碰运气;冒险e.g. Y ou take a chance on the weather if you spend your holiday in the UK. 52. thoughtfula. thinking about what other people need; thinking deeply 体贴的;深思的e.g. It was very thoughtful of you to send the flowers. 53. thrustv. 挤入;插入;猛推e.g. We thrust our way through the mass of people. 54. unattractivea. 不吸引人的attractive a. pretty; able to attract 美的; 有吸引力的 e.g. Y our proposal sounds unattractive. 55. uphold(upheld) vt. support 支持，维护e.g. I cannot uphold such conduct. 56. valentinen. 情人e.g. On Saint V alentine's Day a gift is sent as a token（信物）of love to one's sweetheart. 57. wisdomn. 智慧；明智e.g. One cannot have wisdom without living life. Proper Names Doug Bell 道格·贝尔Blanchard 布兰查德(姓氏) Florida (美国)佛罗里达州Hollis Maynell 霍利斯·梅奈尔New Y ork City 纽约(市) Houssaye 何赛(姓氏)
Unit6
1. anthropologistn. 人类学者
2. apparentlyad. it is clear (that) 明显地e.g. Apparently she never got my letter after all.
3. assessvt. judge the quality, importance or worth of 评估，估量e.g. He is so lazy that it's difficult to assess his ability.
4. at firstat the beginning 起先 e.g. At first I didn't like him but now I do.
5. behaviorn. the way one acts or behaves 举止，行为e.g. Her good behavior deserves praise.
6. behavioristn. 行为主义者
7. blanka. without expression; without writing, or other marks 没有表情的;空白的 e.g. If you press this key the screen will go blank.
8. captivityn. 被俘;监禁;束缚e.g. The hostages（人质）were released from captivity.
9. chipn. 薄片;碎片;集成电路片e.g. memory chips for computers 10. colonyn. (生长在同一地方的动物或植物)群，群体;殖民地e.g. a former French colony in Africa 11. consciousnessn. 意识e.g. David lost consciousness at eight o'clock and died a few hours later. 12. conservationistn. 自然资源保护论者e.g. The plans to build a big road through the forest were cancelled due to pressure from conservationists. 13. consultantn. 顾问e.g. He was a consultant to a software firm. 14. controversyn. 争论;争议e.g. The lie detector（测谎仪）tests have been the subject of much controversy. 15. convincevt. make ( sb.) feel sure by the use of argument or evidence 使确信,使信服e.g. We finally convinced them of our innocence（清白）. 16. cooperatevi. act or work together 合作，协作e.g. The British cooperated with the French in designing the satellite. 17. dealingn. (usu.pl) business relations 交易，买卖e.g. Our company is proud of its reputation for fair dealing. 18. deceivev. try to make(sb.) believe sth. that is false 欺骗e.g. Unless my eyes deceive me, that's the vice-president sitting over there. 19. dinosaurn. 恐龙20. disastern. an event causing great suffering and damage 灾难 e.g. The flood was a terrible disaster; hundreds of people died. 21. dominanta. ruling; most important or strongest 统治的;占优势的 e.g. Blue is the dominant color in his later paintings. 22. emergencyn. an unexpected and dangerous happening which must be dealt with at once 紧急情况;突然事件e.g. Ring the bell in an emergency. 23. encountervt. meet, esp. unexpectedly 遇到,遭遇 e.g. We encountered a lot of problems/opposition（反对）. 24. envyvt., n. 妒忌;羡慕e.g. I envy your ability to work so fast. 25. evidencen. sth. that gives a reason for believing sth.; trace 证据;迹象e.g. When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence of his guilt. 26. expandv. (cause to) grow larger 扩大，扩展e.g. The company has expanded its operating in Scotland by building a new factory there. 27. explorevt. examine thoroughly, learn about 探究，探索e.g. We must explore all the possibilities. 28. extendv. (cause to) stretch or reach; make larger or longer 延伸,伸展;扩大;加长e.g. The hot weather extended into October. 29. extensivelyad. to a large extent, or in a large amount 广泛地;大量地e.g. She has read extensively. 30. featn. 技艺;业绩，功绩e.g. A racing car is an extraordinary feat of engineering. 31. femalea. 雌的;女(性)的n. 雌性的动物或植物;女人e.g. The females are often more aggressive than the males. 32. figure outunderstand; reason out 理解;推断出 e.g. I can't figure him out -- he's a mystery! 33. foiln. 金属薄片,箔 e.g. Wrap the chicken in foil before you cook it. 34. gazen.,v. 凝视，注视e.g. She turned her worried gaze from one person to the other. 35. give in让步;屈服;投降 e.g. Don't give in to their demands. 36. go farhelp very much; achieve much success 帮助很大;很有成效 e.g. Y our suggestion will go far towards solving our present housing problem. 37. go wrongstop developing well 有毛病，出故障 e.g. The sum hasn't work out, but I can't see where I went wrong. 38. gorillan. 大猩猩39. grapen. 葡萄40. haltv. (cause to) stop 停住,停止 e.g. The train was halted by work on the line. 41. horizonn. 眼界,见识;地平线e.g. This series of talks is intended to broaden our horizons. 42. in sb.'s interest(s)to sb.'s advantage 为了某人的利益e.g. He gave up his share in the interests of fairness. 43. inaccessiblea. very difficult or impossible to reach 达不到的;难得到的 e.g. This novel seems to me among the most inaccessible. 44. intelligencen. 智力intelligent a. 聪明的，有才智的e.g. Use your intelligence! (= Don't be so foolish.) 45. judgmentn. 判断;意见，看法e.g. In my judgment, we should accept the employer's offer. 46. linkn. 链环;环节;联系v. join or connect 联系，连接e.g. Research has established a link between smoking and lung cancer. 47. maintainvt. continue to do or have (sth.) 保持;继续e.g. He took the lead, and maintained it until the end of the race. 48. make a dealreach an agreement or arrangement, esp. in business or politics 达成交易e.g. The company has made a deal with a Japanese firm to supply engines.
49. malen. 雄性动物或植物;男子a. 雄的;男(性)的e.g. In most birds the male is bigger and more brightly colored than the female. 50. maten. 配偶;伙伴,同事e.g. He's off drinking with his mates. 51. negotiatevi. discuss in order to come to an agreement 谈判,协商e.g. We are negotiating (with the council) to have this road closed to traffic. 52. obvious a. easy to see and understand; clear 明显的e.g. I've got my exams tomorrow, so for obvious reasons I won't be able to come out tonight. 53. orangutann. 猩猩54. originala. first or earliest 最初的;原始的 e.g. The original owner of the house was a Frenchman. 55. pea-braineda. 笨的56. peanutn. 花生e.g. She always eats peanuts when watching TV. 57. pineapplen. 凤梨，菠萝58. plastica. 塑料的 e.g. a black plastic bag 59. primaten. 灵长目动物60. promptlyad. immediately 立即地 e.g. The performance will begin promptly at nine o'clock. 61. releasevt. set free 释放e.g. She released the rabbit from the trap. 62. relievevt. free (sb.) from pain, anxiety, etc.; ease (pain, anxiety, etc.) 使减轻痛苦或焦虑等;减轻(痛苦或焦虑等) e.g. Let me relieve you of that heavy parcel/of some of the housework. 63. revealvt. make (sth.) known 展示;揭露e.g. He revealed his secrets to his friends. 64. size upcarefully examine (a situation or person) in order to make a judgement 估量，判断e.g. He sized the situation up at a glance and took immediate action. 65. slidev. (slid) (cause to) move smoothly along a surface (使)滑
动 e.g. She slid along the ice. 66. speciesn. (单复同)物种e.g. There are several species of zebra（斑马）. 67. staken. (usu.pl) 奖品;奖金;赌注 e.g. The game was usually played for high stakes between two large groups. 68. stemn. 茎,(树)干,(叶)梗69. stretchern. 担架70. surroundvt. be or go all around (sth. or sb.) 围绕;包围e.g. She was sitting on the floor surrounded by books. 71. survivev. remain alive in spite of; continue to live or exist after 幸免于;继续存在，幸存survival n. e.g. He survived in the desert for a week on biscuits and water. 72. suspiciousa. causing or showing a feeling that sth. is wrong 可疑的;猜疑的 e.g. If you see anything suspicious, inform the police at once. 73. switchv. change; shift 转换，变换 e.g. The wind has switched round from north to east. 74. thrivevi. (thrived or throve, thrived) grow strong and healthy; develop well 茁壮成长;兴旺 e.g. Few plants or animals thrive in the desert. 75. throw up(infml) vomit 呕吐e.g. She said she had thrown up after reading the reports of trial. 76. turtlen. (海)龟77. underneathprep.,ad. under or below 在...下面，在...底下e.g. The letter was pushed underneath the door. 78. undertakevt. (undertook, undertaken) carry out; take upon oneself (a task,etc.) 从事;承担(任务等) e.g. He undertook to pay the money back within six months. 79. vetn. 兽医 e.g. I took my dog to the vet/to the vet's. 80. virtuousa. showing moral goodness 有道德的;善良的e.g. an intelligent, courageous and virtuous family man 81. whalen. 鲸82. wipe outget rid of or destroy 消灭，消除e.g. The entire population was wiped out by the terrible disease. Proper Names Eugene Linden 尤金·林登Charlene Jendry 查伦·延德里Columbus Zoo 哥伦布动物园Colo 科洛(文中指动物名) Chantek 夏特克(文中指动物名) Lyn Miles 琳·迈尔斯University of Tennessee 田纳西大学Zoo Atlanta 亚特兰大动物园Gail Laule 盖尔·劳尔Orky 奥基(文中指动物名) Corky 科基(文中指动物名) Helen Shewman 海伦·休曼Seattle 西雅图(美国华盛顿州西部港市) Woodland 伍德兰Melati 梅拉蒂(文中指动物名) Towan 托温(文中指动物名) COPYRIGHT ? 2006 SHANGHAI FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCA TION PRESS COPYRIGHT ? 2006 SHANGHAI FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCA TION PRESS
Unit7
1. acceleratorn. 加速器，加速装置e.g. An accelerator is a device for increasing speed.
2. ambulancen. 救护车e.g. The ambulance is equipped with life-saving equipment.
3. beepern. BP机，拷机 e.g. A beeper emits a beeping signal when the person carrying it is being paged（寻呼）.
4. bladen. 刀刃，刀身;刀片e.g. The blade of the kinfe is very keen.
5. blastn. (汽笛等的)鸣叫 e.g. The driver gave a blast on his horn.
6. braken. 制动器，刹车 e.g. His brakes failed on a slippery road.
7. calculatev. 计算e.g. The scientists are able to calculate accurately when the spaceship will reach the moon.
8. clear offree from, not in contact with 离开;不接触e.g. As soon as he was clear of the building he looked round.
9. conductorn. (AmE) 列车员 e.g. The conductor announced the name of each station. 10. cool down(cause to) become calmer (使)冷静下来e.g. She is so angry now. Just leave her to cool down and then talk to her. 11. crashvi. fall or strike suddenly, violently, and noisily 突然重重倒下;坠毁;碰撞 e.g. The cars crashed into each other. 12. decelerationn. 减速 e.g. The harder the brake pedal is pressed, the greater the car's deceleration. 13. draw sb.'s attention tomake sb. aware of (sth.) 引起(某人)注意e.g. The article was intended to draw the public's attention to environmental protection. 14. echov. repeat (another's words, ideas, etc.) 重复 e.g. They echoed their leader's every word. 15. explodevi. burst with a loud noise 爆发;爆炸 e.g. The boiler exploded and a big fire ensued. 16. fabricn. 织物，织品;构造，结构e.g. She bought some fabric to make shirts from. 17. flashvi. move very fast; produce a sudden bright light 飞驰，掠过;闪烁 e.g. The cars flashed past. 18. foreheadn. 前额e.g. He had a broad forehead.
19. freightn. 货物;货运e.g. This aircraft company deals with freight only; it has no passenger service. 20. gesturen. 手势;姿势 e.g. Jim raised his hands in a despairing gesture. 21. grabv. seize suddenly; take roughly and quickly 猛地抓取e.g. He grabbed the coin and ran off. 22. groanv. 呻吟e.g. The wounded man lay there groaning, with no one to help him. 23. groceryn. (usu.pl) 食品杂货e.g. This small shop sells some groceries like salt, soy, spice, etc. 24. hammern. 榔头，锤 e.g. The man picked up the hammer on the ground and hit the statue into pieces. 25. heyint. 嗨(用以唤起注意等) e.g. Hey! Where are you going? 26. hornn. 喇叭e.g. The driver blew / sounded his horn when an old lady with her dog stepped in front of his car. 27. horrorn. great fear or shock 恐惧,震惊e.g. He was filled with horror at the sight. 28. hugvt. hold tightly in one's arms 紧抱 e.g. He hugged his daughter. 29. incidentn. sth. that happens 事情;事件 e.g. Were there any exciting incidents during your journey? 30. injurevt. harm, hurt; damage 损害;伤害injury n. e.g. There were two people injured in the car accident. 31. instantn. 片刻,瞬息e.g. He paused for an instant. 32. instantlyad. at once; immediately 立即，即刻 e.g. I instantly recognized her. 33. intentlyad. with great attention 专心地e.g. He does his homework intently after school every day. 34. internala. of or in the inside 内部的;内在的e.g. the internal relations of things 35. kneelvi. (knelt) go down on the knees; rest on the knees 跪下;跪着 e.g. Everyone in church knelt in prayer. 36. leap(leapt or leaped) vi. jump 跳，跃 e.g. The dog leapt over the fence.
37. locomotiven. 机车e.g. The factory produces primarily diesel locomotives. 38. loosea. 松散的 e.g. His tie was pulled loose and his collar hung open. 39. ma'am= madam 女士，小姐e.g. Can I help you, Ma'am? 40. maskn. 面具，面罩e.g. We
all wore masks at the party and no one knew who we were. 41. mediuma. coming halfway between; not extreme 中等的n. a means which can be used to express or communicate sth. 媒质，媒介e.g. He is of medium height. 42. mess around(infml) do things in an aimless way; spend time playing 随意做事;闲荡mess vt. put into disorder 弄乱;弄脏n. 混乱e.g. He often likes to mess around with pals on days off. 43. miraculouslyad. like a miracle 奇迹般地 e.g. The soldiers won a victory in battle miraculously. 44. nearbya. , ad. 附近的；在附近e.g. She came from a nearby village. 45. no way(infml) in no way; definitely not 不行;决不e.g. This remark should no way be taken lightly. 46. nylonn. 尼龙e.g. nylon stockings/a nylon curtain 47. out of the way远离，不碍事e.g. Step out of the way and let me handle the stone. 48. overheada. above one's head; in the sky 在上头的;架空的e.g. She turned on the overhead light and looked around the room. 49. perprep. for each 每 e.g. How much do you earn per week? 50. pull on用力拉e.g. The child pulled on his mother's coat wanting to leave. 51. punchv. hit hard 猛击，用力击e.g. He punched him on the nose. 52. ragn. 破布;抹布; (pl) 破旧衣服e.g. He was clad in rags. 53. reach outstretch one's arm, usu. in order to get or touch (sth.) 伸手抓e.g. The mother reached out to grab her little boy but it was too late. He fell into the river. 54. resumevt. begin again after a pause 重新开始，恢复e.g. We resumed our work after a rest. 55. riskvt. put (sth.) in a dangerous position 使遭受危险n. 危险，风险e.g. She risked her own life to help a disabled woman. 56. scrapev. 刮，擦e.g. Scrape the mud off your shoes with this knife. 57. sheltervt. protect; cover 保护;遮蔽n. 隐蔽处;躲避处 e.g. That line of trees shelters my house from the wind. 58. signalv. send (sth. such as a warning or a message) by a light or an act 发信号传达e.g. We signaled the taxi driver to pull over. 59. spotvt. see or recognize 看出，认出 e.g. Thank you for pointing out the error; I hadn't spotted it. 60. steepa. rising or falling sharply 陡峭的 e.g. The castle is built on a steep hill. 61. stitchn. （缝合伤口、缝纫、刺绣等的）一针，针脚e.g. The dress was sewn with small stitches. 62. struggle withhave difficulty handling or coping with 费力地对付e.g. She struggled with the math problem but eventually worked it out. 63. swayv. (cause to) move or swing slowly from side to side (使)摇动;(使)摇摆 e.g. The trees swayed in the wind. 64. thumbs-upn. 翘拇指(赞同或满意的表示) e.g. He held thumbs-up and expressed approval. 65. thunderousa. extremely loud 雷鸣似的; 极响的 e.g. His speech got thunderous applause. 66. trunkn. 汽车后部的行李箱e.g. The small car has no trunk at its back. 67. twistv. 转动;（使）扭曲;扭伤e.g. Twist the lid to open it. 68. up and down一上一下地e.g. Window cleaners are pulled up and down tall buildings on cradles（吊蓝）. 69. viaprep. by means of; by way of 通过;经过e.g. We will fly to New Y ork via Alaska. 70. visiblea. that can be seen 看得见的，可见的 e.g. The smoke from the fire was visible from the road.
71. with all one's strength使劲，用全力 e.g. She opened the door with all her strength and ran out of the house. Proper Names Jack Murphy 杰克·墨菲Ramsey 拉姆齐(地名) N.J.= New Jersey (美国)新泽西州Kate Pritchard 凯特·普理查德Conrail 联铁(一家主要在美国东北部营运的铁路公司, Consolidated Rail Corporation 的缩合词) Todd 托德(男子名或姓氏) Scott 斯科特(男子名或姓氏) Rich Campana 里奇·坎普纳Anthony Falzo 安东尼·法尔佐Gary 加里(男子名或姓氏) COPYRIGHT ? 2006 SHANGHAI FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCA TION PRESS
Unit8
1. abilityn. 能力 e.g. She has demonstrated/has got a remarkable ability to get things done.
2. accumulatev. collect, or gather together, esp. over a period of time 积累，积聚e.g. He gradually accumulated an impressive collection of paintings.
3. acquirevt. get 取得，获得e.g. I managed to acquire two tickets for the concert.
4. adequatea. enough 充分的，足够的 e.g. The city's water supply is no longer adequate (for its needs).
5. affectvt. have an influence on 影响e.g. Will the strike affect the price of coal?
6. ancestorn. 祖先，祖宗e.g. My ancestors came from Spain.
7. ashn. 废墟;灰,灰烬e.g. The house was burnt to ashes.
8. Asiann.，a. 亚洲人;亚洲(人)的e.g. His philosophy is a mixture of both Western and Asian thought.
9. astonishvt. surprise very much 使惊讶e.g. We were all astonished by the news / astonished to hear that he had passed his driving test. 10. befriendvt. help; act as a friend to 帮助;以朋友态度对待e.g. They befriended me when I first arrived in London as a student. 11. better offricher; more comfortable 更富有;更舒服 e.g. It's obvious that those who work hard are better off than those who don't. 12. break downstop working; fail, collapse 停止运转;失败，垮了 e.g. The car broke down. 13. CD= compact disc 激光唱片;(计算机用的)光盘14. chillv. become or make (sth. or sb.) cold (使)变冷;(使)不寒而栗 e.g. Put the wine in the fridge（电冰箱）to chill. 15. competevi. 竞争compete with/against try to be better than (sb. else) 与...竞争 e.g. She and her sister are always competing for attention. 16. complexa.not simple 复杂的 e.g. a complex machine / system / network / theory 17. contemptiblea. 令人鄙视的，可轻蔑的 e.g. That was a contemptible trick to play on a friend! 18. countern. 柜台e.g. Y ou can buy antibiotics（抗生素）over the counter（不凭处方地）in this country. 19. countyn. (英国的)郡;(美国的)县 e.g. A county usually consists of several towns and the rural areas that surround them. 20. cowardn. 懦夫 e.g. She accused her husband of being a coward. 21. declinevi.,n. 衰败，衰退;下降e.g. His influence declined as he grew older. 22. dramatizevt. write (sth.) again in a form which can be performed 将...改编为剧本，将...戏剧化e.g. He's dramatizing his novel
for television. 23. drive homemake (sth.) clear so that people understand it 使清楚无误地理解e.g. Peter was lazy. His parents tried to drive home to him the importance of hard work. 24. drugstoren. (AmE) (兼营杂货的)药房25. Europeana., n. 欧洲(人)的;欧洲人26. fablen. 寓言e.g. Aesop's fables 27. facultyn. any of the powers of the body or mind 官能 e.g. He has lost the use of his limbs but he is still in possession of all his faculties. (= can think, see, hear, etc.) 28. filen. a collection of papers on one subject 档案，卷宗 e.g. Here's our file on Middle East. 29. financiala. connected with money 财政的;金融的e.g. The City of London is a great financial center. 30. foen. (lit) an enemy 敌人31. foldern. holder for loose papers 文件夹32. foxholen. 散兵坑(小型掩体) 33. functionvi. operate; act 运作；起作用n. 作用，功能e.g. The machine will not function properly if it is not kept well-oiled. 34. handfuln. 一把;少量e.g. We invited 30 people, but only a handful (of them) came. 35. humblea. 谦卑的;卑微的 e.g. He rose from humble origins to become prime minister. 36. hutn. 小屋;棚屋e.g. They lived in a mud hut. 37. idlea. lazy; not doing anything 懒散的;空闲的 e.g. Owing to the electricity strike, a lot of factory workers were left idle. 38. ignorancen. 无知;愚昧e.g. The workers are kept in complete ignorance of the company's financial situation. 39. ignoranta. knowing little or nothing 无知的;不知道的 e.g. I'm afraid I'm rather ignorant about computers. 40. in amazementwith a feeling of great surprise or disbelief 惊讶地e.g. We watched in amazement as she tore up the contract and threw it in the bin（垃圾箱）. 41. indifferencen. a lack of interest or feeling 漠不关心 e.g. He treats her with complete indifference. 42. industriala. 工业的 e.g. an industrial country 43. intellectuala. 智力的 e.g. The argument was too intellectual for me; I couldn't follow a word of it. 44. jamv. get stuck 发生故障;卡住;堵塞e.g. The bus was so full that I was jammed in and couldn't move. 45. leisuren. spare time 空闲，闲暇e.g. She's very busy; she doesn't get much leisure (time). 46. luxuryn. 奢侈品;奢华;奢侈e.g. Cream cakes are a luxury in our house. 47. make a living byearn money by (doing sth.) 靠...维持生计 e.g. He makes a good living (= earns a lot of money) by selling insurance. 48. manuala. 体力的;手工做的 e.g. Nowadays, young people don't like manual work. 49. milln. a factory 工厂，制造厂e.g. Paper is made in a paper mill. 50. miraclen. 奇迹 e.g. It's a miracle you weren't killed! 51. modestlyad. not in very large quantity, size, etc. 不太多，不太大，适中 e.g. Most of us want to drink modestly but well. 52. movien. film 电影 e.g. There's a good movie on the TV tonight. 53. nonexistenta. not existing 不存在的 e.g. Their government is bankrupt, and public services are now practically nonexistent. 54. plumbingn. (水、煤气等)管道设施e.g. an old house with noisy plumbing 55. popn. (infml) father e.g. Can I borrow the car, pop? 56. portablea. light and small enough to be easily carried or moved 便携(式)的，手提(式)的e.g. Professor Smith always carries a portable computer with him. 57. portern. (旅馆、火车站等的)搬行李工人; 搬运工人e.g. We tipped（付小费给）the porter for each box. 58. povertyn. the state of being poor 贫穷，贫困e.g. They live in abject poverty / below the poverty line.
59. privacyn. the state of being alone and undisturbed (不受干扰的)独处;隐私，隐秘e.g. There's not much privacy in these flats because of the large windows and thin walls. 60. run out ofuse up or finish a supply of (sth.) 用完,耗尽e.g. I am afraid we will have run out of petrol. 61. scarev. frighten (使)惊慌，(使)恐惧e.g. Don't let the noise scare you; it's only the wind. 62. search forlook for 寻找e.g. Scientists are still searching for a cure to the common cold. 63. securityn. the state of feeling safe and free from worry 安全e.g. Once the jewels were safely locked up in the bank he had no more anxieties about their security.
64. seniorn. (AmE) student in the last year of college or high school (大学或中学)毕业班的学生 e.g. My son will be a senior in the fall of next year. 65. slicen. a part of sth.; a thin flat piece cut from sth. 部分;(薄薄的)一片e.g. They wanted to make sure they got a slice of the profits/of the market. 66. slumn. 贫民窟e.g. The mayor promised to clean up the slums. 67. subwayn. (AmE) underground railway 地铁e.g. It might be better to go by subway. 68. suggestionn. sth. suggested 建议 e.g. Y our suggestions are unworkable. 69. sumvt. 合计;总结;概述sum up 总结，概括e.g. The last section sums up all the arguments on either side. 70. swearvt. (swore, sworn) make a serious promise about 发誓，宣誓e.g. The witness swore to tell the truth. 71. taxn. 税e.g. If you sell the painting you'll have to pay capital-gains（资本收益）tax (on it). 72. teenagern. a person who is between 13 and 19 years old 青少年e.g. Those teenagers attend the local high school. 73. trashn. (AmE) 垃圾;废物 e.g. Mother told me to put out the trash. 74. upset(upset) vt. make (sb.) worry or feel unhappy 使苦恼，使心烦意乱 e.g. Do what he wants, or you'll upset him. 75. wagen. 工资，工钱e.g. In our family both my husband and I are wage earners (= have a job and earn money). 76. wake upstop sleeping 醒了 e.g. I woke up with a start when the alarm rang. 77. wealthya. rich; having wealth 富的，富裕的 e.g. His father is very wealthy. Proper Names Benjamin Stein 本杰明·斯坦U.C.L.A. =University of California at Los Angeles (美国)加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校Kevin Hanley 凯文·汉利Kerry 克雷(爱尔兰郡名) Ireland 爱尔兰Pittsburgh 匹兹堡(美国宾夕法尼亚州城市) Iwo Jima 硫黄岛(日本岛屿) Brazil 巴西COPYRIGHT ? 2006 SHANGHAI FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCA TION PRESS
大学英语自学教程复习资料 第一部分Text A & 第二部分Text B 第一部分Text A 【课文译文】 怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者 决策是从可供挑选的行动方案中作出选择，目的在于确定并实现组织机构的目标或目的。之所以要决策是因为存在问题，或是目标或目的不对，或某种东西妨碍目标或目的实现。 因此，决策过程对于管理人员非常重要。管理者所做的一切几乎都与决策有关，事实上，有人甚至认为管理过程就是决策过程。虽然决策者不能预测未来，但他们的许多决策要求他们必须考虑未来可能会发生的情况。管理者必须对未来的事情作出最佳的猜测，并使偶然性尽可能少地发生。但因为总是存在着未知情况，所以决策往往伴随着风险。有时失误的决策带来的后果不很严重，但有时就会不堪设想。 选择就是从多种选项中进行取舍，没有选择，就没有决策。决策本身就是一个选择的过程，许多决策有着很广的选择范围。例如，学生为了实现自己获得学位的目标，可能会从多门课程中进行选择，对于管理者来说，每一个决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等方面的制约，这些制约存在于一个组织的各个部门里。 选项就是可供选择的种种可行的行动方案。没有选项，就没有选择，因而也就没有决策。如果看不到任何选项，这意味着还没有对问题进行彻底的研究。例如，管理者有时会用“非此即彼”的方式处理问题，这是他们简化问题的方法。这种简化问题的习惯常常使他们看不到其他的选项。 在管理这个层次上，制定决策包括：识别选项和缩小选项范围，其范围小到微乎其微，大到近乎无限。 决策者必须有某种方法来断定几种选项中的最佳选项，即哪个选项最有利于实现其组织的目标。组织的目标是指该组织努力完成或达到的目标或现状。由于个人(或组织)对于怎样实现其目标的方式都有不同的见解，最佳的选择就在于决策者了。常常是一个组织的下属部门做出的决策对自己有利，而对上一级的部门来说，就不是较佳选择了。这种增加部门的局部利益而减少其他部门的局部利益所作出的权衡，叫做局部优化。例如，市场营销经理为增加广告预算可能会讲得头头是道，但从更大的布局来看，增加优化产品的研究经费也许对组织更有利。
Unit 1 square v. to set straight or at approximate right angles使成方形 discreetly ad. carefully谨慎地,小心地 reserve n. self-restraint in expression; the habit of not showing one's feelings or thoughts矜持,拘谨;寡言 whereabouts n. the place where somebody or something is下落, 去向 anthology n. a collection of literary pieces, such as poems, short stories, or plays (诗、文等的)选集 grope v. to search blindly or uncertainly暗中摸, 摸索 tip off to give an advance warning or hint to暗示, 警告，因倾斜而使掉下来 goody n. something attractive or delectable, especially something sweet to eat 特别吸引人的东西, 美味的食品 puddle n. a small pool of liquid水坑; (尤指道路上的)雨水坑 ketchup n. a thick cold red sauce made from tomatoes, used for giving a pleasant taste to food番茄酱 flail v. to (cause something to) wave or swing about wildly鞭打;抽打 maneuver n. skillful or careful movement策略 rear a. of the back part后面的；后部的
大学英语自学教程(上) 01-A. How to be a successful language learner? “Learning a language is easy, even a child can do it!” Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement. For them, learning a language is a very difficult task. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice, and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields. Language teachers often offer advice to language learners: “Read as much as you can in the new language.”“Practice speaking the language every day. ”“Live with people who speak the language.”“Don’t translate-try to think in the new language.”“Learn as a child would learn; play with the language.” But what does a successful language learner do? Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways. First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from their mistakes. Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say
核心词汇 stroke n. ○1意外的一桩（幸事、运气或不幸）○2中风○3笔划○4抚摸○5v.抚摸 【例句】In a stroke of luck, a suitable organ donor became available. 运气的话也会有合适的器官捐献者。 Various strokes of misfortune led to his ruin. 遭诸多不幸使他一蹶不振。 The funeral of Mr. Whitelaw, who died of a stroke, will go ahead as planned today. 怀特劳先生死于中 风，他的葬礼按计划今天举行。 The character“繁”has too many strokes and children find it very difficult to write. “繁”这个字笔画太 多，孩子们觉得很难写。 Cats like being stroked. 猫喜欢让人抚摸。 collide vi.○1互撞，碰撞○2严重冲突，抵触 【例句】The two planes collided with each other in midair and over 100 people were killed. 两班飞机在空中相撞, 一百多人丧生。 I ran around the corner, and almost collided with Mrs Laurence.
我从拐角跑过去，差点与劳伦斯夫人撞上了。 The President has again collided with Congress over his budget plans. 总统在他的预算计划上又与国会意见冲突了。【派生】collision n.碰撞，互撞；冲突 insist v.○1坚决要求○2坚决认为，宣称 【例句】The victim’s relatives insisted on immediate repayment. 受害者亲属要求立即得到偿还。 The man insisted on helping me find a taxi even though I told him I didn’t need any help.即便我说了我不需要 帮助，那人还是坚持要帮助我找一辆的士。 My parents insist we (should) report the matter to the police right away. 我父母坚持要我们立即把此事向警方报告。 The suspect insisted on his innocence. 犯罪嫌疑人坚持说自己是无罪的。 【搭配】insist on one’s idea 坚持自己的观点insist on doing sth. 坚持(要)做某事 insist + that clause 坚持，坚决要求… 【辨析】persist in doing sth. 坚持/持续做某事, 表示持之以恒做某事、固执、不放弃；而insist on doing sth 却
One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?
Glossary lesson 1 academic 学院的adolescence 青春期adolescent 青少年时期adulthood 成年 affection 喜爱 affirm 断言 agenda 日程表 anxiety 焦虑 attitudinal 态度的 baptist bounce 跳跃 capability 能力contribute 贡献 counsel 建议 crisis 危机 definite 清楚的developmental 发育的distinct 区分，差别distressed 悲伤 dorm 公寓，宿舍(大学生)
encyclopedia 百科全书endeavor 尝试endowment 天赋 ethical 道德的ethnic evaluate 估算，评估excessive 过分的，极度的feminine 女性的 financial 财政的 functional 职务的 genetic 基因的 guilt 内疚 heighten 提高 inherit 遗传，继承inhibition 压抑的情绪interact 交流 interaction 合作 involve （成功的）必要条件journal 期刊 masculine 男性的 maturity 成熟 mistrust 不信任
newscast 新闻广播parental 父母的 peer 同龄人 perceive 理解 position 工作 prejudiced 偏见 project 规划 rebel 抗议 relate 理解，同情某人resentment 怨恨 role 职责 seminary 学院的separation 分开 sexual 2性的 shrink 缩水 stressful 有压力的superior 优秀的theological 神学的unquestionably 毫无疑问的lesson2
《大学英语自学教程》（上册）课后习题答案 Unit 1 Text A Exercises for the Text I. 1.d 2.a 3.c 4.d 5.d II. 1.task 2.intelligent 3.research 4.clue 5.conclusion 6.repeat https://www.doczj.com/doc/8011469258.html,municate 8.purpose 9.probably 10.outline III. 1.Instead of 2.therefore 3.more...than 4.even 5.First of all 6.because 7.on the other hand 8.finally 9.looking for 10.Conversely IV. 1.Research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways. https://www.doczj.com/doc/8011469258.html,nguage learning is active learning.Therefore,successful learners should look for e very chance to use the language. https://www.doczj.com/doc/8011469258.html,nguage learning should be active,independent and purposeful. 4.Learning a language is different from learning maths. 5.The teacher often imparts successfull language learning experiences to us. Vocabulary Exercises I. 1.a.success b.successful c.successfully 2.a.indepence b.depend c.dependent 3.a.covered b.uncover c.discovered 4.a.purposeful b .purposefully c.purpose II. 1.inexact 2.technique 3.outlined https://www.doczj.com/doc/8011469258.html,municate 5.regularly
Unit.1 开车离开 老于世故的 清楚的 独特的，特色的 出发，开始工作 朝着…方向 痛苦3 抓住6 分离的 分离 吸引… 确信某人… 努力寻找 傲慢的神态 你不用对我装腔作势。 进入 长驱直入 以…行为，风度 在旁边的 前排 浏览书 乱写，杂文，潦草写法 在纸的顶/底部 新的 有横格线的 探索 坐进椅子 掌权 以…形象出现 沿着墙 假装 激烈 生…的气2 突然变得 小声地 咒骂 使…暴怒 向…方向去/经历（不好的事）2 以坐牢/演讲告终失去平衡 屁股着地 几秒后 快速站起 踢脱，开始 倾倒 散落 渐弱，不明显 吃特定食物 各种 踮着脚 为…保留… 含蓄的，冷淡的，保留的镇静的 咧嘴笑 从第一页到最后一页 理解，说明，翻译，演奏对…是尴尬2 先入之见 不辜负 变弱，消失2 玩弄 一片布 无头脑的 显著的 从头到尾地 从各个方面 自始至终 从一人转到另一人 勉强糊口地 以我自己的方式 巨大的 队 紧握 （咬时）脆声 破裂 仔细地5 好吃的，老妇人 美味的，使人愉快的 垃圾食品 蓄意的 调动
踏入积水 镣铐 环绕 限制 偷溜2 透露 同情… 与…相反 观点 质感 认为，理解，察觉描述 穿过一群人 仔细计划 流行 执意2 鲁莽的努力想出 支付 取消 变化 和…不符 委派 边境，新领域无情的 沼泽 流放 灭亡 取代 授予 假定 勇敢的人 忍受 天生 Unit.2 虚胖的，臃肿的 胖乎乎的 自我激励的 精确地4 令人信服地4 对…忠诚 竞争力 竞争 照顾 关心 营销 交的朋友 在南方 嫁入豪门 婚姻的状况 紧紧抓住某人的…测体温 主持，负责 发烧不退 看着…的眼睛 整理，澄清，使改正帮…解决问题清理财务 先天心脏病 认真挑选，认出，理解注定 调查 向…询问，打听… 收费供食宿 死者 经理主管人员 执行，完成，死刑 检查 一组人 讣告 比…活得久2 寡妇 鳏夫 工作狂 世界500强企业 刚会走路的孩子 品质 用大写字母 俚语词语 天然的 补偿 Unit.3 过度依赖；微慢的那个老妇人步子稍慢的跟在她儿子身后。
BOOK2课文译文 UNIT1 TextA 中国式的学习风格 1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店堂。 我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员，也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小，你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。 本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成，因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。 我和埃伦都满不在乎，任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙箱槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁，都会走过来看着本杰明，见他初试失败，便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握牢本杰明的手，直接将它引向钥匙槽口，进行必要的重新定位，并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑，似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉，似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。 我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示中国人对创造性活动的态度。因此，不久我就在与中国教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。 两种不同的学习方式
我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是走近槽口的最终目的，既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢？他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢？他会高兴，他还能早些学会做这件事，进而去学做更复杂的事，如开门，或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以（也应该）示范给他看。 我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理，解释道，首先，我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙槽口也好，画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列 的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。 把着手教 回想起来，当时我就清楚地意识到，这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。 那些善意的中国旁观者前来帮助本杰明时，他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反，他们极其熟练地、轻轻地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。 我逐渐认识到，这些中国人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为：他们是在恪守中国传统，把着手教，教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来一次。
综合教程1 unit1 anguish n. 痛苦；苦恼vt. 使极度痛苦 vi. 感到极度的痛苦 beloved n. 心爱的人；亲爱的教友 adj. 心爱的；挚爱的 breathing n. 呼吸；瞬间；微风 adj. 呼吸的；逼真的 v. 呼吸（breathe的现在分词） confront vt. 面对；遭遇；比较 conspicuously adv. 显著地，明显地；超群地，惹人注目地 evil n. 罪恶，邪恶；不幸 adj. 邪恶的；不幸的；有害的；讨厌的 gracefully adv. 优雅地；温文地 gravely adv. 严重地；严肃地；严峻地；沉重地 haven n. 港口；避难所，安息所 vt. 为……提供避难处；安置……于港中 hoarse adj. 嘶哑的 kneel vi. 跪下，跪 note n. 笔记；音符；票据；注解；纸币；便笺；照会；调子vt. 注意；记录；注解part n. 部分；角色；零件adj. 部分的 vt. 分离；分配；分开adv. 部分地 vi. 断裂；分手 porch n. 门廊；走廊 rest n. 休息，静止；休息时间；剩余部分；支架vt. 使休息，使轻松；把…寄托于vi. 休息；静止；依赖；安置 rosebush n. 蔷薇丛；玫瑰丛；灌木 shudder n. 发抖；战栗；震动 vi. 发抖；战栗 summon vt. 召唤；召集；鼓起；振作 bring back 拿回来；使…恢复；使…回忆起来 give in v. 屈服；让步；交上 hand in hand 手拉手地；联合 have sth. in common 有共同之处 laughter and tears lock sth. away through one’s tears well up 涌出；流露；萌发
Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates. 全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢？它们会得到加强还是削弱？作者对这些问题进行了探讨。 In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel 1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the ., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $ billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization." 寻找达沃斯人 彼得·甘贝尔 威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。但别叫他美国人。他今年40岁，过去16年来一直生活在美国以外的地方，先是在伦敦，1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。1998年，他放弃美国护照，成为英国公民，因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲。“国家认同对我来说不重要，”他说，“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友，又喜欢你所做的事情，那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就是全球化。” 2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a . citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. "I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that," he says. 亚历克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒，但他对自己的看法与布劳德不同。61岁的曼德尔曾任美国电报电话公司总裁。他出生于奥地利，现在经营着一家法国技术公司，该公司在中国的业务与日俱增。他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。然而，尽管曼德尔全球到处跑，已经做了45年美国公民的他还是认为自己是个美国人。“我毫不迟疑地把自己当作美国人。我在其他地方度过很多时间，但是这一事实不能改变我是美国人，”他说。 3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and
1 / 18 Text 1 1 successful [s?k'sesf?l] a.成功的 2 adult ['?d?lt] n.成年人 a.成年的，成熟的 3 disagree [dis?'gri:] vi.(with)有分歧，不同意；不一致，不符 4 statement ['steitm?nt] n.声明，陈述 5 guarantee [g?r?n'ti:] n./vt.保证，担保，保修 6 intelligent [in'telid??nt] a.聪明的，明智的 7 conversely ['k?nv?:sli] ad.相反地 8 similar ['simil?, 'sim?l?] a.相似的，类似的；与…相似(to) 9 independent [indi'pend?nt] a.独立的，自主的 10 pattern ['p?tn] n.型，模式，样式；花样，图案 11 guesser n.猜测者 12 clue [klu:] n.线索，提示 13 conclusion [k?n'klu:??n] n.结论，推论 14 communicate [k?'mju:nikeit] vi.通讯，交流，交际vt.传达，传播 15 communication [k?mju:ni'kei??n] n.通讯，交流；传达；通 讯联系，交通工具 16 inexact [inig'z?kt] a.不正确的，不精确的 17 incomplete [ink?m'pli:t] a.不完整的 18 purpose ['p?:p?s] n.目的，意图；用途 19 regularly ['regjul?li] ad.整齐地，经常地，定期地 20 purposefully ['p?:p?sfuli] ad.有目的地，蓄意地 21 technique [tek'ni:k] n.技术；技巧，手艺 22 outline ['autlain] vt.概括，提出要点n.轮廓；大纲，提纲 23 disagree with 与…有分歧，不一致 24 first of all 首先，第一 25 depend on [di'p?nd ?n] 依赖，依靠；依…而定 26 be willing to 愿意，乐意 27 be interested in 对…感兴趣 28 on the other hand 另一方面 29 instance ['inst?ns] n.例，实例 30 deaf [def] a.聋的；听力不佳的 31 dumb [d?m] a.哑的；无言的 32 Englishman ['i?gli?m?n] n.英国人 33 Italian [i't?li?n] n.意大利人；意大利语 34 waiter ['weit?] n.侍者，服务员 35 beer [bi?] n.啤酒 36 soda-water n.苏打水，汽水 37 traveler ['tr?v?l?] n.旅客，旅游者 38 macaroni [m?k?'r?uni] n.通心粉 39 primitive ['primitiv] a.原始的 40 exact [ig'z?kt] a.精确的，正确的 41 consist [k?n'sist] vi.组成(of) 42 simply ['simpli] ad.仅，只；完全地；朴素地 43 parrot ['p?r?t] n.鹦鹉 44 not only...but also 不但…而且 45 neither...nor 既不…也不 46 consist of 由…组成 47 Italy ['it?li] n.意大利 Text 2 1 tax [t?ks] n.税(款) vt.对…征税 2 generally ['d?en?r?li] ad.一般地，通常，大体上 3 federal ['fed?r?l] a.联邦的 4 type [taip] n.类型，种类，品种vt./vi.打字 5 salaried ['s?l?rid] a.拿薪水的，领工资的 6 salary ['s?l?ri] n.工资vt.[常用被动语态]给…发薪 7 earn [?:n] vt.挣得，赚得；获得，赢得 8 percentage [p?'sentid?] n.百分比，百分率 9 vary ['ve?ri] vi.变化，有不同，呈差异vt.改变，使不同 10 graduated a.(税)累进的；分等级的；刻度的；毕业的 11 sale [seil] n.出售，卖；廉价出售 12 charge [t?ɑ:d?] vt.索价；指控n.价钱，费用；负荷 13 item ['ait?m] n.条，条款，项目 14 packet ['p?kit] n.小包，小盒vt.打包，装行李；包装 15 cigarette [sig?'ret] n.香烟，纸烟 16 figure ['fig?] n.数字；人物；外形vt.(out)演算出；想出 17 addition [?'di??n] n.加，加法；附加物 18 revenue ['revinju:] n.(国家的)岁入，税收；收入，收益 19 diverse [dai'v?:s] a.不同的，相异的；多种多样的 20 confuse [k?n'fju:z] vt.使混乱，混淆 21 property ['pr?p?ti] n.财产，资产，所有物；性质，特性 22 excise ['eksaiz] n.国产税；本国消费税 23 fund [f?nd] n.基金，专款；储备，贮存vt.提供资金 24 department [di'pɑ:tm?nt] n.部，部门，系 25 municipal [mju:'nisip?l] a.市的，市政的 26 complain [k?m'plein] vt./vi.抱怨(of，about) 27 protest [pr?'test, 'pr?utest] vt./vi.抗议，反对 28 useless ['ju:sl?s] a.无用的；无价值的；无效的 29 impractical [im'pr?ktik?l] a.不切实际的，不能实行的 30 program ['pr?ugr?m] n.=programme计划；程序；节目vt.编程序 31 view [vju:] n.看法，见解，观点；vt.看待，考虑，估量 32 issue ['i?u:, 'isju:] n.问题；(书刊的)期号vt.发行，颁布，出版 33 tend [tend] vi.易于，往往会；倾向于vt.照管，护理 34 be sure of 确信…；确定… 35 have a corner on 垄断(某物)=to have a(the) corner (on) 36 similar to 跟…类似的，与…同样的 37 in addition to 加之；又；除…之外；并且 38 tend to 倾向，有…的趋势，趋于 39 California [k?li'f?:nj?] 加利福尼亚(美国州名) 40 North Dakota 北达科他(美国州名) 41 advertise ['?dv?taiz] vt./vi.为…做广告；登广告 42 attract [?'tr?kt] vt.吸引，引起…的注意 43 design [di'zain] vt./vi.设计；预定，指定n.设计；图案 44 mail [meil] n.邮件，邮递vt.邮寄 45 constantly ['k?nst?ntli] ad.经常地；不断地；时常地 46 product ['pr?d?kt] n.产品，产物 47 persuade [p?'sweid] vt.说服，劝服；使相信 a.空闲的；有闲的 48 leisure ['le??] n.空闲时间，空暇；悠闲，安逸 49 activity [?k'tiviti] n.活动，活跃；行动 50 classified ['kl?sifaid] a.分类的，被归为一类的；保密的， 机密的 51 edition [i'di??n] n.版，版本 52 section ['sek??n] n.章节，部分；部门，科；截面，剖面 53 announcement [?'naunsm?nt] n.通告，布告，告示 54 available [?'veil?b?l] a.可利用的，可获得的
Unit1 单词 Ankle 脚踝bank 排（尤指机器）bolt 冲出butt（臀部）calf（腿）careen（倾斜，翻转）colleague（同事）confusion（混淆不清）descent（下降）Devastating（毁灭性的，破坏大的）dilemma（进退两难）drawstring（拉绳，拉带）Flight（台阶，一段楼梯）gasp（大口喘气）heavyset（敦实的，壮实的）Illusion（幻想党）lash（猛击）lobby（大厅）pandemonium（一片混乱）Purgatory（炼狱）rip （撕，锯）rumble（低沉的声音）sap（衰竭） Soak（浸泡）spasm（抽搐）stairwell （楼梯井）sway（摇摆）ultimate（终极的） 词组 Cast into （扔进）find one’s way to（设法得到）off and on（断断续续）guinea pig （豚鼠）wade into（艰难的向前）window shade（百叶窗） Unit2 单词 Accomplished（有技术的）adolescent（青春期）aging（老化）agony（精神上或肉体上极度痛苦）apt（有什么倾向，be apt to do sth）aspect（方面）await（等候）Blazer（常指带有俱乐部或学校等颜色或徽章的夹克）contentment（满足）contradict （矛盾）contrast（明显的差异）convince（说服）critical（决定型的）delay（延期）devil（魔鬼，撒旦，恶棍）diet（节食，按规定饮食）distinct（明显的）Feverishly（激动的）frame(框架，人的骨骼) freak（异想天开，嬉皮士）jog（慢跑）Lanky（瘦长）losse—fitting（宽松的）megadose（大剂量，dose为剂量）muscular （肌肉发达的）plead（乞求）premise（前提或假设）pursue（致力于）quirk（怪癖）saint（圣人，圣徒）sanity（明智，头脑清醒）slice（薄片，部分）tailor （剪裁）teen（青少年）though（但是）un-American（非典型美国思想）unsettling （让你紧张焦虑）waist（腰）wiry（瘦长但结实）worship（崇拜） 词组 Be obsessed with (沉溺于什么) keep score（计分）milk shake （奶昔）pecan pie （山核桃馅饼）take up with（与，，，友好相处）work out（锻炼） Unit3 单词 Anguish（痛苦）assure（确保）authorize（官方授权）beneficiary（受益人）breast （乳房）collide（撞击）consequence（后果）console（安慰）deplorable（糟透了）diagnostic（诊断的，特征的）ego（自我，自负）endure（忍受）epiphany （显现节）establish（创建）eventually（最终）fascism（法西斯主义）fatal（致命的）flee（逃走）gurney（轮床，医院里用来转运病人的那种床）helicopter(直升机) instantly（立即）intuition（直觉）lump（块，肿块）malignant（恶性的）manicure（修剪）manicurist（从事manicure的技师）miff（微怒，