一、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。如：
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
We have been missing them since they left here自从他们离开这里，我们就一直很想念他们。
这是最常见的一种用法，此处不再多述。
二、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时，则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。如：
I haven’t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 为持续性动词，sleep的动作结束时，即“醒来”时，这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。
三、若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在（说话时刻），其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。如：
I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there。
这里has lived表示动作的持续性，时间的起点应从：“开始居住”时算起。因此此句可理解为“自从他（开始）住在那儿起，我就一直没收到他的来信”。
至于It is +一段时间+since…的句型与It has been +一段时间+since…意思相同。前者是规范说法，后者是口语说法。
应注意的是，在这种结构中，since引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义，下面两句都错了：
It is a long time since he didn’t study English.
It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.
正确的说法为：
It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久没学英语了。
You haven’t come to see me for two months. 你有两个月没来看我了。
since的用法
1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
I have been here since 1989.
2) since +一段时间+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.
3) since +从句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
4) It is +一段时间+ since从句
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
since的用法主要有两点：一是表示“自从……以来”，二是表示“既然”之意。但如果只了解词的含义，而不了解其用法，在使用时就会造成错误。例如：I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.
不少人会望文生义，将该句译为：“自从我住在上海以来，就再也没有收到他的信了。”而实际上这个句子的译文并非如此，那么正确的含义是什么呢？
下面谈谈since作连词引导时间状语从句的用法。
一、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。如：
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
We have been missing them since they left here自从他们离开这里，我们就一直很想念他们。
这是最常见的一种用法，此处不再多述。
二、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时，则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。如：
I haven’t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 为持续性动词，sleep的动作结束时，即“醒来”时，这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。
John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约，他不当教师已经三年了。
本文开始出现的那个句子就可以译为“自从我离开上海，就再也没有收到他的信。”这种译法常被人们误用，我们不妨再多举几个例子看看：
How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你离开（没住在）上海多久了？
It is half a month since he was a League member.他退团（不当团员）半个月了。
It’s been quite some time since I was last in London我离开伦敦已很长时间了。
比较：He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为状态动词）
He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自从我生病以来，他就屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为终止性动词）
三、若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在（说话时刻），其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。如：
I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there。
这里has lived表示动作的持续性，时间的起点应从：“开始居住”时算起。因此此句可理解为“自从他（开始）住在那儿起，我就一直没收到他的来信”。
Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自从我们自己有了汽车，我们每年都去野营。
试比较：1. Since I’ve been at this school, we have had three headmasters.自从我到这所学校，我们已换了三个校长了。
Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters.自从我离开这所学校，他们已换了三个校长了。
2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 自从我生病以来，他从未来看过我。
He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自从我病愈以来，他从未来看过我。
由此可见，since引导的从句持续动词的一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的意思恰好相反。换言之，前者以肯定的语法形式反映着否定的逻辑内容，而后者的形式与内容是一致的。
至于It is +一段时间+since…的句型与It has been +一段时间+since…意思相同。前者是规范说法，后者是口语说法。
应注意的是，在这种结构中，since引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义，下面两句都错了：
It is a long time since he didn’t study English.
It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.
正确的说法为：
It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久没学英语了。
You haven’t come to see me for two months. 你有两个月没来看我了。
1.宾语从句： 1.主句若是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况用适当时态。He says (that) he will have a walk soon. The teacher asks who is the cleverest in the school. I want to know who came here late this morning. 2.主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。 He wondered if I would come. She told me that her son had got well. She said that she liked watching TV. We thought Jim was wrong. 3.无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现 在时。 Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth. 4宾语从句无论有何引导词，都要用陈述句语序。 Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?（不是will you） Do you know which sweater she is wearing? (不是is she)
2.状语从句：1主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过 去的情态动词等，则if(如果), unless(除非)，when(当…的时候), as soon as(一…就…），before, after, until, till, as(当…的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。 You may take a rest when you finish doing your work. I will call you up if I leave for Shanghai next week. Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives. 2而主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时，如： I would give the money to the charity if I had a million dollars. When he got to the park, his classmates had left. My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street. 3.定语从句：关系代词who只指人，which只指物。that 既可指人又可指物。whose 后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可 指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省略。whom 只指人，只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”，when指“在那时”。 She is a girl who/that is beautiful and kind-hearted.
1．时间状语从句 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when 2．地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere 3．原因状语从句 常用引导词：because, since, as, for 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that. 4．目的状语从句 常用引导词：so that, in order that 特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that 5．结果状语从句 常用引导词：so … that, such … that, 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that 6．条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless, 特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that 7．让步状语从句 常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though 特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首)，no matter …，in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever 8．比较状语从句 常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较) 特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …，so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B 9．方式状语从句 常用引导词：as, as if, how 特殊引导词：the way
主从复合句中时态的一致主要有以下几种情况：一、在以when，after，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及以if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。 I'll tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。 If it doesn't rain, he will come here on time. 如果不下雨，他会按时来这儿的。 二、在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，从句须用表示过去的某种时态。 He asked when they would go to the party. 他问他们什么时候将去参加聚会。 Miss Green said she had been to Beijing before. 格林小姐说她以前曾经去过北京。 三、在宾语从句中，当主句的时态为一般现在时、
现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时，后面从句时态不受主句限制，可根据情况，选用各种适合的时态。Do you know when we'll have a football match? 你知道我们什么时候举行足球赛吗？ Y ou know he has gone to Shanghai. 你知道他已去上海了。 四、当宾语从句表述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在的习惯动作以及格言等时，其时态不受主句限制，而用一般现在时。 The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 老师告诉我们光速比音速要快。 When I was a student, my teacher often told us that time and tide wait for no man.当我还是学生的时候，老师常常告诉我们，岁月不等人。 五、在"since＋点时间"句型中，主句通常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
宾语从句用法讲解 TYYGROUP system office room 【TYYUA16H-TYY-TYYYUA8Q8-
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做.分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 时态：1·主句用，从句可用任意时。 2·主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 3·主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用。 1.宾语从句的 连接宾语从句的主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. He told that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试.
主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道谁赢了这一局游戏吗? I don’t know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你该依靠谁. The book will show you what the best CEOs know. 这本书会告诉你最好的该了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是的电话了吗? 主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you read the new panel 你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗
宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 时态：1·主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时。 2·主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 3·主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。 1.宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. He told that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试. 连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗? I don’t know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你该依靠谁. The book will show you what the best CEOs know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗? 连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you read the new panel? 你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? N one of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. 2.动词的宾语从句
引导时间状语从句的五类引导词 引导时间状语从句的从属连词(以下称引导词)很多，为方便记忆，现作以下分类：1. 基本类 包括before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, once, as soon as 等。如： Did anyone call when I was out? 我不在家时谁来过电话吗? We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小认识。 You’ll feel better after you take the pills. 吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。Make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed. 睡觉前一定要关灯。 Don’t promise him anything till we’ve had time to think about it. 在我们有时间考虑之前别答应他什么。 2. 名词类 即由名词词组充当引导词，包括the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等(均表示“一……就……”。如 I loved you the instant (that) I saw you. 我一见到你就爱上你了。 Tell me the moment (that) you get the results. 你一拿到结果就给我打电话。 3. 副词类 即由副词充当引导词，如 immediately, directly, instantly等。如： I came immediately you called. 你一打电话我就来了。 Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke. 我一进门就闻到烟味。 4. 短语类 主是几个涉及time短语，如every time，each time，(the) next time，any time，the last time，the first time 等。如： Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来，请关门。 My roof leaks every time it rains. 每次下雨，我的房顶就漏。 He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他讲话，他都感到紧张。 The last time we talked he said he needed another two days. 上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。 5. 句型类 包括no sooner…than, hardly…when 等。如： I had no sooner closed the door than somebody knocked. 我刚把门关上就有人敲门。 Hardly were the words uttered when he began to regret them. 话刚说出口他就开始后悔了。
主从句的时态问题
从句和主句中谓语动词的时态 在复合句中，主句和从句的谓语动词时态一般遵循以下的规律： 一① 在以下三种主语从句中，主语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词 原形”， should可省略。 (1)It is+形容词+that…句型。常见的形容词有important, necessary, natural, funny, strange, surprising, astonishing(令人惊讶的)等。 (2) It is +名词+that…句型。常见的名词有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal(提议，建议)， requirement, request, desire, order 等。 (3) It is+动词的过去分词+ that…句型。常见的动词有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等。 ②在insist(坚持)， urge (催促)， order(命令)， command(命令)，suggest(建议)，advise(建议)，recommend(建议，推荐)， request(请求，要 求)， demand(要求)，require(要求，需要)等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”， should可省略。 ③ 在含有advice, order, demand, proposal(提议)， requirement, suggestion等名词的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。 ④在一些表示惊讶、意志等感情色彩的名词性从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或“should +have done”，译为“竟然，居然”。例如： I am surprised /shocked that you should speak in such a way。 I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to his mum。 It is strange /surprising that she should not have been invited。 I am glad that your story should have won the first prize。
状语从句引导词的含义 1、表示时间的： ·when(何时；什么时候） ·whenever(每当；无论何时） ·as(同样的；像......一样；当......的时候） ·while(一段时间；当......的时候；和......同时；然而） ·before(在......以前）after(在......时候） ·until、 till(直到......为止） ·since(从......以来；自从；由于；既然） ·ever since(从那时起一直到现在） ·now（ that） (既然；由于） ·once(一次；一度；从前） ·so (as) long as (只要） ·as soon as(一......就......) ·every time (每次；总是） ·the moment (片刻） ·instantly(立即，即刻） ·directly (马上，立即） 2、表示地点的： ·where(在哪里） ·wherever(无论在（到）哪里；在（到）任何地方）no matter where 3、表示原因： ·as(同样的） ·because(因为） ·since(既然） ·seeing (that)(由于） ·considering? that(考虑到） ·now that(既然，由于） ·not that ......but that （不是.......而是......） 4、表示目的： ·that(那，那个） ·so that(以便，以致；结果是） ·in order(以便；为了） ·lest (唯恐，免得。在被连接的状语从句中常用should或原形动词）·for fear that (免得，省得） ·in? case(以防、以备） 5、表示结果： ·that (那，那个） ·so? that(以便，以致，结果是） ·so......that (如此......以致） ·such......that (如此的.....以致)
一、名词性从句 （一）在宾语从句中主句和从句之间的时态的一致关系,通常由主句谓语的时态决定从句谓语的时态. ⒈若主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时,如：一般现在时,现在完成时,一般将来时,将来完成时等,从句可以根据需要使用任何时态. 如:He says that he is doing well in his lessons.you will miss a lot of lessons.the boy is lazy.XiaoWang was late for school yesterday.Jim has been back for two days. ⒉若主句谓语动词是过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时,过去将来完成时),从句谓语动词也必须是过去时态. 如:He said he enjoyed himself last Sunday.he hadn’t bought any present.the would come back the next day.he was doing his homework· ⒊当从句表示客观事物或真理,或人们已经公认的道理时,其时态不受主句谓语动词的时态的影响.即使主句谓语动词使用了过去时的某种时态,从句的时态仍然是现在的某种时态. 1)The teacher said the earth goes around the sun。 2)He said the sun rises in the east. 3)His father said he gets up at six o'clock every morning. 4)He told me the light travels faster than the sound. ⒋当从句表示并未出现或尚未实现的愿望时,必须用过去时态. ⒌（可包含在1/2中）有些形容词后面可跟有从句,这种从句一般可看作宾语从句,其谓语也应与主句谓语的时态保持一致.可跟这种宾语从句的形容词有：afraid,glad,sure,confident,sorry, certain,conscious,aware等.一致的原则与宾语从句相同. 例如： I'm confident that I'll pass the exam.我有信心通过考试. He was lucky that he wasn't killed.他很幸运没有被杀死. （二）在主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态一致关系所遵守的法则和宾语从句相同. 例如： It appears that some little trouble was caused by a woman,whose name has not been ascertained.看来这件小小的麻烦是由一个至今尚不清楚其姓名的女人所引起的. It was known long ago that Professor Einstein played a key role in the development of the theory of relativity.人们早已知道,爱因斯坦教授对相对论的发展起了关键作用. It was proved centuries ago that the speed of light is186,000miles a second.几世纪前就证实了光的速度为每秒186,000英里. The fact[that man would soon be able to visit the moon]built up new scientific interest in earth's nearest neighbor.人类不久可以游览月球的事实,引起了对地球最近邻居的新的科学兴趣.二、定语从句与主句的时态一致关系 定语从句的时态不受影响意思就是定语从句的时态是根据事物真实发生的情景决定不受主句影响,因为定语从句的作用只是在修饰句子中的名词之类的,和句子本身的时态没有关系.比如： He is a man whose telephone was stolen.他是那个手机被偷的那个人. 主句一般现在时,从句过去时,因为手机真实被偷是在过去发生. I went to the apartment in which Mary lives in.我去过Mary现在住的房子. 主句过去式,从句一般现在时,因为我去过的那个房子,Mary确实现在在住. ⒈若定语从句的谓语表示的动作和主句谓语表示的动作同时发生,则要求使用同样的时
宾语从句用法及其例句 一、宾语从句用法 时态： 1．主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。可归纳为“主现从不限” 2．主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。可归纳为“主过从四过” 3．主句用过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。 4．情态动词could/would用于，“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句不受主句的约束。 (一)、宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句， if和whether，whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句. He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试. （二）连接代词 连接代词主要有 who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever 等. 连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么？ The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗 （三）连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however 等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet ag ain.
宾语从句的用法 【真题再现】 1. — Could you tell me _________ 【2012广东】 — Certainly. In half an hour. A. when will the high speed train arrive B. when the high speed train will arrive C. when would the high speed train arrive D. when the high speed train would arrive 2. —Excuse me, could you tell me ______ to get to the post office 【2012广西玉林】—Certainly. The No. 15 bus. A. which bus I should take B. I should take which bus C. should I take which bus D. which bus should I take think _____ not difficult _____ English every morning．【2012贵州安顺】 A. that; keep reading B．it’s; keep reading C. that; to keep reading D．it; to keep reading 4. Do you know _________ Zunyi or not tomorrow 【2012黔西南】 A. whether are they leaving for B. whether they are leaving for C. if they are leaving for D. if are they leaving for 5. The policewoman asked the little boy ______. 【2012贵州安顺】 A．where did he live B．where he lived C．where he lives D．where does he lives 6. — Show me the map, please. I wonder ____________.【2012福建福州】 — Look, it's here, in the east of China, near Taiwan Province. A. where is Diaoyu Island B. where Diaoyu Island is C. what is Diaoyu Island like 7. — Could you tell me_____ he came here 【2012安徽省】 —He drove here himself. A. how B. why C. when D. whether 8. —Can you tell me ____ the prize, Tom 【2012北京】 —Last year. A. when you got B. when did you get C. when will you get D. when you will get 【用法讲解】 考试要求： 宾语从句在中考中是重点考查内容，主要考查知识包括宾语从句的引导词、宾语从句的语序及宾语从句时态对应及否定迁移等。 1. 宾语从句的引导词 在复合句子中，作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。例如： I want to know whose book this is. 我想知道这是谁的书。 宾语从句的引导词有三种：1）that；2）whether/ if；3）特殊疑问词what/ when/ where/ who
if从句的过去时态 if从句的过去时态不是跟的过去时态，是虚拟语气 if i were you ,i'll take it.如果我是你我就买了。这里的were并不是说我以前就是你，这里表示的一种假设，一种不存在的情况. if后面可以接的时态 1.if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时态。引导条件状语从句，用一般现在时代替将来时。 这个是学过的最简单的。。 if it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go picnic.如果明天不下雨，我们去野炊吧。 2.if后可以接虚拟语气。 (1)第一种是与现在事实相反，if从句谓语用过去式或者were。 if i were you, i would go there alone.如果我是你，我会一个人去那里。(与现在事实相反，可惜现在我不是你啊。。) (2)第二种是与过去事情相反，if从句谓语用过去完成时：had+过去分词。 if he had studied hard, he would have passed the exam.如果他过去努力学习，他现在就已经通过考试了。 (3)第三种是与将来事实相反，if从句谓语用动词过去式，should +动词原形，或were to + 动词原形。 if i should do/were to do/did it, i would do it in a
different way.如果我做这个，我将会用另一种方法来做。 if条件句的时态if有两大用法，一个是译为一般的如果，一个是用作假设的如果 在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句谈论的是一个推测将来有可能发生的事实，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。一般译为如果，如： if it rains tomorrow,i won't go out. 如果 if 条件句谈论的是一个主观的意愿，则主句,从句大多用一般现在时态。一般译为如果，如： if you dont want to go out ,you can stay at home. if还有一个最重要的用法，用于虚拟句。表示对不可能发生的事物的一种猜测或假设的语气。 "if"条件状语从句中的虚拟语气的结构如下表： 虚拟类型从句主句 对现在情况的假设一般过去时would+动词原形 对将来情况的假设一般过去时would+动词原形 对过去情况的假设过去完成时would + have + 过去分词 一、对现在情况的假设 主要表示对不可能发生或不太可能发生的现在情况的假设，例如： if i were you ,i would not tell him.如果我是你，我不会告诉他。 二、对将来情况的假设 if i had enough time, i would certainly go.如果我有足
英语宾语从句用法详解初中英语分类练习——宾语从句 复习目标：1、掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词 2、掌握宾语从句的语序——主句+连接词+主语+谓语 3、掌握宾语从句，主句与从句在时态上的呼应。重点：语序和时态呼应难点：语序和时态呼应；疑问词+不定式的转化；状语从句的辨析 一、宾语从句的连接词： 1、连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。eg. He knew (that) he should work hard. 2、连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。eg. Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present. He asked me whether or not I was coming. 一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided. ②在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. ③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not. 3、连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how，它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in. I wonder where he got so much money. 【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。eg. I don’t know how I should do with the presents. è I don’t know how to do with the presents. 2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型. 二、宾语从句的语序：宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳) Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √) The teacher asked the students what they
一般情况下宾语从句的时态必须和主句的时态保持一致： 一、如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句中的谓语动词可根据意义的需要，使用任何一种时态。如： 1） Could you tell me when you will come again? 你能告诉我你什么时候再来吗？ 2） I don't know if he arrived yesterday. 我不知道他是否昨天到了。 3） Could you tell me what you were doing at eight last night? 你能告诉我你昨晚八点在干什么？ 二、如果主句的谓语动词为一般过去时，从句应用相应的过去时态。 1. 如果主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作与从句的动作同时发生，则从句应用过去进行时或一般过去时。如： 1) She said that she was working on the Internet. 她说她在上网。 2) He told me that he knew the computer technology very well. 他对我说他精通电脑技术。 2. 如果从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前，则从句应用过去完成时。如： 1） He didn't know what they had come here for. 他不知道他们到这里来的目的。 3. 如果从句的动作发生在主句的动作之后，则从句应用过去将来时。如： 1） Jim told me he would spend his holidays in the south. 吉姆告诉我他将到南方度假。 使用宾语从句的时态还应注意下列特殊情况： 一、如果宾语从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，不论主句用什么时态，从句一律用过去时。如： 1） She said she came to work here in 1998. 她说她是1998年来这里工作的。 2） The teacher told us that the war broke out in the winter of 1923. 老师告诉我们那场战争爆发于1923年的冬天。 二、如果宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。如：1） Our teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 我们老师对我们说光比声音传播要快得多。 2） The mother told his son that two and three is five. 母亲告诉孩子二加三等于五。 3） We all knew that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 我们都知道，患难之交才是真朋友。4） He told me that his father is an English teacher. 他告诉我他父亲是名英语老师。
宾语从句 一、掌握宾语从句的概念 宾语从句即指在主从复合句中用作宾语的从句。对比下面两句： 简单句：I know him. 主语谓语宾语 主从复合句：(I know ) that he is a teacher. 主句（主语+谓语）宾语从句 如：I hope you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得愉快。 He began to think about what he should do. 他开始考虑应当怎样做。 二、注意宾语从句的时态 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应。 ①若主句为一般现在时，宾语从句的时态可根据情况使用任意时态； ②但若主句为一般过去时，则宾语从句必须要用过去的某种时态与主句呼应。比较： He says he is busy. 他说他很忙。He said he was busy. 他说他很忙。 I know you will agree. 我知道你会同意的。I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意的 当宾语的内容表示的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。如： The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun. 老师说，地球绕着太阳转。 三、明确宾语从句的语序 宾语从句属名词性从句，不管用什么样的引导词引导，宾语从句的语序总是用陈述语序（主语+谓语）。如： She asked when she could leave. 她问她何时可以离开。 Please tell me what you need. 请告诉我你需要什么。 四、分清宾语从句的引导词 1. 当宾语从句部分表示陈述句语气时，用that引导。that只起引导词作用，不充当句子成分，也没有词义，且通常可以省略。如：We think (that) he will help us. 我们认为他会帮助我们。 He said (that) he was good at English. 他说他擅长英语。 I know (that) he is very busy. 我知道他很忙。
宾语从句用法小结 一、宾语从句由关联词引出。 我们根据引导宾语从句的连词不同， 可把宾语从句分为三类： 以从属连词that引导的宾语从句。(陈述句) I hear (that) you have passed the examination. 以从属连词if 和whether引导的宾语从句(一般疑问句) I don‘t know if you can come tomorrow. 以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句(特殊疑问句) Please tell me how you can get here. 二、宾语从句三要素：一连词, 二语序, 三时态。 1) 从句为陈述句时用that连接(常省略), 从句语序不变; 主句为一般现在时,从句可为任何时态。 主句为过去时态, 从句用相应的过去时态 I think (that) she is a clever girl. We all know (that) they reached Shanghai yesterday. Do you know (that) there is going to be a football match tonight? I saw (that) they were swimming in the river. 1There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know. Jack didn’t know that there would be a meeting in five days. 2. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said that these flowers were from Guangdong 3. Tony can come to the school . I think. I think that Tony can come to the school 4. They returned to Shanghai. I am afraid. I am afraid that they returned to Shanghai 2) 从句为特殊疑问句时连接词用特殊疑问词引导, 从句改为陈述句语序; 主句为一般现在时,从句可为任何时态。 主句为过去时态, 从句用相应的过去时态 Do you know who she is? Please tell me how long I can keep this book. Nobody knows when he came back. He asked the policeman which is the way to the school. 1What size shoes does Mary wear? She wanted to know . She wanted to know what size shoes Mary wore. 2. When will the train leave? I want to know . I want to know when the train will leave 3. Who is the new girl in the class? He asked her . He asked her who was the new girl in the class.. 4. What do the words mean? The boy asked the teacher . The boy asked the teacher what the words meant. . 从句为一般疑问句时，连接词用whether 或if,