大学英语教研室
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考研英语与大学英语四六级的区别 准备考研的同学大部分都考过英语四、六级，那么是英语六级难还是考研英语难，有些同学英语六级考了560分，但考研只得了50分，有些同学本科是英语专业过了专业八级，但考研也只得56分，究其原因，是因为英语四、六级与考研英语是完全不同的两个体系的考试。 四、六级是资格考试，只要能达到了一定的水平就能得高分。而考研英语是筛选性的考试，每年国家招的人数是有限制的，因此国家会利用英语这门考试筛选一部分人。考研英语与六级考试有四点不同。 一、考试的题型不同 考研的题型有完型、传统阅读、新题型、翻译、作文。其中完型由280个单词构成，给出20个空，每空2.5分，共10分，这道题全国的均分是2.5-3.5分，此题考查同学们的词组搭配，语法和语感能力。传统阅读由4篇文章构成，每篇文章400个单词，5个问题，每题2分，一共20个问题，共计40分。新题型是国家取消研究生入学考试听力以后新加的题型，此题来源于博士研究生入学考试的题型。翻译是平衡整张试卷难度的。如果前面出的题难就会出2个长难句，3个简单句；如果前面的题简单，此题就会出3个长难句2个简单句。建议大家把真题中的阅读认真翻译一遍，真题阅读是翻译的好的范本。作文由一篇小作文和一篇大作文构成，其中小作文10分，要求写一篇100个单词的应用文，大作文20分，要求写一篇160-200个单词的议论文，万学海文有一个超级作文模版，此模版用哲学的观点把世间万物分为4类，此模版把一篇作文变成了一个填空题，只要大家把议论的事物填进去，便可得一个很好的分数。 二、单词考核的侧重点不同 四、六级考试一般考单词的前一两个常用的意思，而考研英语考单词的最后两个意思。2005年研究生入学考试英语作文题讲得是赡养老人的问题，赡养这个单词很多同学都不会写，其实很简单就用support，可能大家只知道support有支持，提供的意思，但忘记了它还有赡养的意思。 三、语法考核的侧重点不同 四、六级考试重点考核词法，如名词、动词、形容词、介词等等，而考研英语侧重考核语法，如宾语从句、状语从句、倒装句等等。 四、文章选材与命题思路不同 四、六级考试的文章一般选自描写风土人情、人物传记的文章或小小说等，考研英语文章选自科技论文，外文期刊综述，外国产品说明书等。四、六级考试的文章大家读懂了就可以做对，但是考研英语的文章大家读懂了，也不一定做对。比如四、六会问是哪个教练带领中国足球冲向世界，但考研英语会问为什么黑哨在足球联比赛中屡禁不止。 大家了解了考研英语与四、六级的区别后，就可以采用科学合理的方法复习英语。很多同学在背单词的时候有三大误区。 一、记一个单词的时间太长，有的同学记一个单词会用5分钟，这就浪费了4分钟10秒，人的记忆力在50秒时达到顶峰，再往后就急剧下降，所以大家在记单词时要加大单位时间内的频率。这就如同我们见到了一个美女，若我们和她谈一个小时，一个月后我们不一定还记得她，但是若我们每天和她谈5分钟，连续12天，相信2个月后，这个美女长什么样子，穿什么衣服，我们还记得一清二楚。 二、喜欢记熟悉的单词，很多同学背单词会从字母a开始，背了几天后发现自己还在背以字母a开头的单词，于是又从z开始背，结果背了几天还在以字母z开头的单词里。最后认识的还是认识，不会的照样不会。建议大家记单词时把生词做个标记，下次看时重点看生词。 三、边背边写，这个习惯也不好。因为考研英语词汇分为5级，其中大家只要记住一级
1.他们利用我们求助无门的困境把我们公司接管了。 They took advantage of our helpless situation and took over our company. 2.虽然我们面前仍有困难，但我肯定我们中国人有智慧靠自己实现国家的和平统一。 Although there are still difficulties ahead of us, I am sure that we Chinese people will have the wisom to bring about the peaceful unification of our country on our own. 3.只强调国内生产总值是错误的，它会引起很多严重问题。 It is wrong to put emphasis on nothing but GDP. It will give rise to many serious problems. 4.他喜欢炫耀他的财富，但是这完全是徒劳的，人们仍然像躲避毒药那样躲避他。 He loves to show off his wealth, but this is all in vain. People still avoid him as though he were poison. 5.他不久就爱上了这个村子。他决心和村民一起把这个地方变成一个花园。 He soon fell in love withthe village and was determined to make it a beautiful garden together with other villager. 6.我们必须花更多的钱来和全球气温上升作斗争。另外，我认为我们还必须采用严厉的法律措施。这不只是一个钱的问题。 We must spend more money fighting against global warming. In addition, we must resort to tough laws. It is not just a matter of money. 7.当警察到达学校的时候，学生和老师还在一种茫然不知所措的状态。 When the police arrive at the school, the students and the teachers were still in a daze.
1. He has been trying hard to hold ___________ his temper. A)up to B)in to C)down to D)on to 2. Yesterday I went shopping and found a lot of ___________ in the sale. A)barges B)bargains C)barrages D)barracks 3. The old machine won’t ___________ properly if you don’t oil it regularly. A)affect B)effect C)function D)practice 4. What is really abnormal sleepiness is now almost the norm.
A)unique B)regular C)unusual D)odd 5. How soon can I be ____as a member of the school football team? A)received B)admitted C)allowed D)permitted 6. The decay of food can usually be _________ by the sense of smell. A)found B)received C)detected D)protected 7. I’m not particular ____________ my clothes; I don’t mind what I wear. A)in B)with
Unit 1 Active reading (1) 5 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 achieving good results (productive) 2 the fact of being present at an event, or of going regularly to school, church etc (attendance) 3 the refusal to accept something new, such as a plan, idea, or change (resistance) 4 determined to be successful, rich, famous etc (ambitious) 5 agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion (acceptance) 6 the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc (script) 7 very good, large, or showing great skill (impressive) 6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5. (1) attendance (2) ambitious (3) productive (4) impressive (5) resistance (6) script (7) acceptance 7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. 1 (mortgage) 2 (deck) 3 (surf) 4 (coastal; defy) 5 (lengthy) 8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions. 1 (b) 2 (a) 3 (b) 4 (b) 5 (b) 6 (a) 7 (b) 8 (b) Active reading (2) 4 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 involving three things of the same kind (triple) 2 an area of ground where dead people are buried (cemetery) 3 the part of a place or thing that is at the back (rear)
高中生活和大学生活的区别 提纲 高中生活：大学生活： 1忙碌的学习生活1闲暇自主的学习生活 2 紧张有序的日常生活 2 多多姿多彩的日常生活 3对大学的期待 3 工作的焦虑、 4 充实的的理想 4 无聊疲惫的身心 正文： 在高中生活中，我们在学习中整天忙忙碌碌，许多课程和大量作业等待我们完成，我们甚至没有理由不去完它们。学习在紧张有序的进行着，每一天都有学习任务需要完成。对于大学的期待我们总是去努力记忆，即使在梦中我们也要象呼唤上帝一样呼唤它的名字。总之，对于大学生活我们充满了期待和希望。这是因为，吃饭和理想似乎就要通过它来实现。不过，值得高兴的是，我们个理想总是令人觉得充实和满意的。对于未来的理想，我们通过大学使它变得充实，这是值得骄傲的一件事情了。 进入到大学生活，我们首先在学习生活中发现了我们失去的闲暇时光。于是我们的学习生活变得可以自主，重要的是，我们拥有很多可以自由支配的闲暇的时间。在课余时间里，我们可以参加各种各样多多姿多彩的活动来消闲时间，增加见闻。不过总有让人焦虑的事。例如，工作的不确定性。为此，我们非常焦虑。我们没有理由不为自己的将来的吃饭问题而感到焦虑。这样一来，我们的理想又变得难以触摸。于是我们的理想让我们觉得无聊和疲惫。 高中生活是忙碌紧张充实并充满期待，大学生活闲暇多彩却焦虑疲惫 In high school life, we are busy all day in study, many courses and a lot of work awaiting us, we even have no reason not to complete them. Learning in an order and carrying on, each day to learn the task to be done. We are always looking for the universities to work on memory, even if in a dream we have to call it the same as calling the name of God. In short, for we are looking forward to university life and hope. This is because eating and seemed to be ideal to achieve through it. However, I am pleased that we feel that an ideal is always full and satisfied. Vision for the future, we make it through college enrichment, it is a matter of pride.
Unit 1 Growing Up Ⅱ. Translation 1.那是个正规宴会，我照妈妈对我讲的那样穿着礼服去了。（formal） As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2.他的女朋友劝他趁抽烟的坏习惯尚未根深蒂固之前把它改掉。（take hold） His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold. 3.他们预料到下几个月电的需求量很大，决定增加生产。（anticipate） Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4.据说比尔因一再违反公司的安全规章而被解雇。（violate） It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. / Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. 5.据报道地方政府已采取适当措施避免严重缺水（water shortage）的可能性。 （avoid, severe） It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. 苏珊（Susan）因车祸失去了双腿。有一段时间，她真不知如何面对自己再也不能行走的事实。 一天，苏珊在浏览杂志时，被一个真实故事吸引住了。那个故事生动地描写了一个残疾（disabled）姑娘是如何成为一位作家的。苏珊读后深受鼓舞，开始相信她最终会成为一个有用的人生活下去。 Inspire vivid scan face up with finally Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact that she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye /she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be bale to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Friendship II. Translation 1)半个小时过去了，但末班车还没来。我们只好走路回家。（go by） Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home.
Unit1 ( b ) 1. dull a. someone’s mind ( c ) 2. pump b. knife ( e ) 3. sweep c. water ( a) 4. read d. throat ( f ) 5. turkey e. the floor ( g ) 6. sore f. dinner 1. After a hectic week treating patients with sore throats and ear infections at his family practice, the 52-year-old physician was ready for a night of home cooking and fellowship at his church’s annual fund -raising dinner. 这位52岁的内科医生在他的家庭诊所忙碌了整整一个星期，治疗那些患有 咽喉疼痛或耳朵感染的病人，这时正准备在他所属教会的年度筹款晚宴上享 受一些家常烹饪，并和教友相聚。 2. They’d simply heard about the good food and were willing to pay $10 to heap their plates and help pay for the church’s new community center. 许多人甚至不是这个教会的会员，他们只是听说这里有美食，愿意花上10 美元饱餐一顿，同时为教会的新活动中心做点贡献。 3. He was relieved to see that his wife had found a clean paring knife. 当他看到妻子给他找到了一把干净的水果刀才放了心。 4. Fortunately, her family never went anywhere without an emergency kit containing a manual resuscitator bag, just in case Shaun had trouble breathing. 庆幸的是，她的家人出门总是带着急救箱，里面有手动苏醒气囊，这是以防 肖恩出现呼吸困难而准备的。 5、We are so thankful that in this age of lawsuits, Dr. Boll was willing to put himself on the line. 在这个容易惹上官司的时代，博尔医生敢于冒这样的风险，挺身而出，实在是太 让人感激了。 Unit2 d. a place made or chosen by a bird to lay its eggs in and to live in 4. give away ( ) c. to cause to be attracted and interested 3. call out ( ) b. to keep a particular quality, feature, etc.2. thrilled ( ) a. to say something loud; shout 1. claw ( )
“大学英语A”和“大学英语B”教育部网络统考（机考） 新题型及备考注意事项 Ⅰ.机考新题型 大学英语B（90分钟） 一、交际用语：5个题，每题3分，共15分。 二、阅读：两篇，10个题，每题3分，共30分。 三、词汇与结构：5个题，每题3分，共15分。 四、完型填空：10个题，每题2分，共20分。 五、写作：一篇，共20分。 大学英语A（90分钟） 一、阅读：三篇，15个题，每题3分，共45分。 二、词汇与结构：5个题，每题3分，共15分。 三、完型填空：10个题，每题2分，共20分。 四、写作：一篇，共20分。 Ⅱ. 备考注意事项及教学建议 一、征订教材时，就要求一定要给学生定购价格相同的带“学习系统“的教材，不要定购带 磁带的教材。 二、在抓好正常教学的基础上，高度重视考前练习。 三、经常登陆“中国现代远程与继续教育网“（https://www.doczj.com/doc/8615113102.html,）看一下，做机考模拟练习。 四、分配好答题时间（共90分钟）。 五、备考要有针对性（交际用语、词汇与结构、写作）。 六、加强文字录入能力和速度，尽快熟悉“写字版”的有关操作方面的功能（因为要求是 只能用“写字版”录入作文的）。 七、指定复习资料：要求学生除了学好教材外，必须还是要参考两本有用的资料，一本是《大学英语》（中国财经出版社）；二是《网考直通车》（中央电大出版社），两本书都属于模拟题集。注意：交际用语部分可利用《网考直通车》上的同类题进行练习。 八、教学方法的建议及指导：1、要求选择教学经验丰富的教师进行授课；2、采取行之有效的教学措施；3、要求各地必须提前对学生进行集中辅导，并有针对性地开展各项强化训练
和考前大练兵。 九、《大学英语A》对应电大开放教育本科教学计划中的《英语综合实践》课程， 《大学英语B》对应电大开放教育本科教学计划中的《英语Ⅱ（2）》课程。
新标准大学英语1课后翻译unit1-5 UNIT1 1. 他们对业余剧社的介绍给索菲留下了深刻的印象，于是她就报了名。(Amateur Dramatics; sign up for) Their introduction of Amateur Dramatics impressed Sophie so much that she signed up for it. 2. 网络教育为全职人员提供了利用业余时间接受继续教育的机会。(work full time) Online education provides those who work full time with opportunities to receive further education in their spare time. 3. 刚上大学时，他不知道是否需要把老师讲的内容一字不落地都记下来。(be supposed to; scribble down) When he first arrived at university, he was not sure whether he was supposed to scribble down every word out of the professor's mouth. 4. 没有人觉察出他隐藏在笑容背后的绝望。(detect) Nobody detects his despair well hidden behind his smile. 5. 有些学生能轻松自如地与陌生人交谈，可有些学生却很难做到这一点。(be easy about) Some students are easy about talking with strangers, while some others find it hard to do so.
Unit 1 Personality Vocabulary (P16) 1. 1) self-conscious 2) self-confidence 3) self-esteem 4) self-destructive 5) self-worth 6) self-concept 7) Self-awareness 8) self-assurance/self-confidence 2. 1)B 2)I 3)L 4)A 5)H 6)D 7)E 8)N 9)J 10)M 11)C 12)F 13)G 14)K 3. 1) profound 2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight 5) overcome 6) eventually 7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance 11) detrimental 12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented 4. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded 5)sensitive 6) respond/react 7)eliminated 8)overcome my fear 9) concentrate on 10) made no comment Translation (P17) 1) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising. 2) In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before. 3) When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 4) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life. 5) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father. 6) He finally failed to live up to his parent s’ expectations. 7) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 8) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness. Part Four Writing and Translation (P46) 2. Translation Practice 1) It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure. 2) Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful. 3) When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience. 4) Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties. 5) Don’t let negative thoughts hold you back. 6) Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too much. Unit 2 Myths and Legends Vocabulary (P62) 1. 1) A. invitation B. invited C. inviting 2) A. prepare B. prepared C. preparation D. preparatory/preparation 3) A. discoveries B. discoverers C. discovered 4) A. approval B. approve C. approved D. approving E. disapprove 5) A. eloquent B. eloquence C. eloquently 6) A. faithful B. unfaithful/faithless C. faith d. faithfully 7) A. occasional B. occasionally C. occasion 8) A. delivery B. delivering C. delivered 9) A. troublesome B. troubled C. troubled D. troubling 10) A. assurance B. assured C. assure 2. 1) got/ran into trouble 2) no trouble 3) asking for trouble 4) have … trouble 5)
The Difference Between My High School Life and My College Life 对外汉语4班 张斯妍 11065079
The Difference Between My High School Life and My College Life I have been a college student for three months. It’s hard to express my feelings about my collegial life. All I want to say are some words like wonderful colorful and comfortable. Before I came to my college I often dreamed about the life in there. First I hope I will have some lovely roommates so that I can have a peaceful life in my dorm. Then I hope my school will be as beautiful as what I expected. Last I hope I will have a good environment to study. On the day term begins, all these have come true. ●School My school is beautiful and huge. It takes more than an hour to visit the whole school. I t’s almo st ten times as big as my high school. There are many rivers, small forests, two playgrounds and a mini zoo in my school and you can see trees and flowers everywhere. How beautiful it is! ●Life Before I came to my college, I have never lived without my family. So they were very worried about whether I could live myself. But the truth was that I have done a good job. I can live myself very well. What’s more, I could manage my money very well, too. When I was a high school student, I always thought I was a child and I
UNIT ONE 1、对于网络课程，学生不仅可以选择何时何地学习，在回答问题之前他们还可以有时间思考答案。 Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but they can also take time to think through answers before making a reply. 2、网上学习的想法使她非常兴奋，而他认为网上学习毫无意义和用处。 She is excited by the idea of online learning while he considers it meaningless and useless. 3、与以英语为母语的人交流是非常有益的体验，从中我们能学到许多东西。 Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot. 4、如今，越来越多的人可以利用互联网查找他们需要的信息。Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need. 5、他要她放弃工作在家照顾孩子，但她觉得这个要求太过分了。He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is too much for her. 6、既然我们已经学完这门课程，就应该多做些复习。 Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. ’ll never forget teacher who showed me that learning a foreign langu age could be fun and rewarding .Were it not for him , I would not be able to speak English as well as I do now. 我永远都不会忘记那位告诉我学外语是有趣的，有价值的老师。要不是他，我的英语说得也不会像现在好。 2. No other language lets you experience the cultures of the would l ike English. With a strong knowledge of the English language, you ca n have wonderful cultural adventures. 没有任何一种语言能像英语那样让你感受到多姿多彩的世界文化。有了过硬的英语知识，你就可以体验奇妙的文化之旅。 3. Instead of only writing compositions about the subjects that your teacher has given you, do something enjoyable, like writing emails to a friend. 写作除了写老师布置的话题，还可以写些自己感兴趣的东西，例如，给朋友写写电子邮件。 4. Distance learning courses are courses in which the instructor co mmunicates with students using computer technology. 远程教学课程是指授课者与学生通过计算机通信技术进行交流的课程。
期末作业考核 《大学英语（一）》高起专 满分：100分 一、Vocabulary and Structure (每题2分，共50分) Section A Directions: In this section there are 15 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence, Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. Among the decisions that most people make, _______ a house is perhaps the biggest one. A. purchasing B. purchase C. purchased D. purchaseing 2. Don’t be _____ about him; he is a beginner. A. critical B. positive C. Indian D. basic 3. Their basketball team had bad luck yesterday: it was their third ____ in four matches. A. uniform B. defeat C. value D. murder 4. It is human nature to be ____ to change because it requires us to cross into the unknown. A. oppose B. opposed C. opposing D. opposes 5. His works mirrored such positive ____ as cheerful and kindness. A. values B. defeats C. mirrors D. themes 6. We must always try to ____ the highest level of service to our customers. A. admit B. treat C. provide D. purchase 7. The teacher was very popular among the students because he _____ them as his own children. A. provided B. opposed C. murdered D. treated 8. When I asked the students if they’d like to have the lesson near the lake, I got a _____ answer: “Yes!” A. uniform B. critical C. sub-adult D. cultural 9. The sick child fell into sleep soon after he took the medicine---- obviously the medicine was _____ work. A. on B. at C. from D. out of 10. The story about the country teacher and her 18 students was played _____ and soon the film became very popular. A. in B. from C. out D. up 11. He has made several business trips New York so far. A. on B. for C. from D. to 12. The fire fighters rushed ______ of the building just before it burnt down. A. on B. in C. into D. out
Online HomeWork_U1B3 I. Reading Comprehension Section A Fast Reading Back in a tiny village near Nuremberg, lived a family with eighteen children. Just to keep food on the table for the family members, the father worked almost eighteen hours a day. Two of Albrecht Durer the Elder’s children, Albrecht and Albert, wanted to pursue talent for art, but they knew that their father would never be financially able to send either of them to Nuremberg to study at the academy. After many discussions, the two boys decided to toss a coin. The loser would go down into the nearby mines and, with his earnings, support his brother while he attended the academy. Then, when that brother who won the coin toss completed his studies, he would support the other brother at the academy, either with the sales of his artwork or, if necessary, also by laboring in the mines. They tossed a coin after coming back from church on a Sunday morning. Albrecht Durer won the toss and went off to Nuremberg. Albert went down into the dangerous mines and financed his brother, whose work at the academy was an almost immediate sensation. Albrecht’s etchings (版画), woodcuts (木刻画) and oils were far better than those of most of his professors, and by the time he graduated, he was beginning to earn considerable fees for his commissioned works. When Albrecht Durer returned to his village, the family held a big dinner to celebrate Albrecht’s homecoming. After the meal, Albrecht rose to drink a toast to his beloved brother for the sacrifice that had enabled Albrecht to fulfill his ambition. He said, “Albert, now it is your turn to go to Nuremberg to pursue your dream, and I will take care of you.” Albert rose and glanced down the long table at the faces he loved, and said softly, “No, brother. Look what four years in the mines have done to my hands! The bones in every finger have been smashed at least once, and lately I have been suffering from arthritis (关节炎) so badly in my right hand that I cannot even hold a glass to return your toast, much less make delicate lines on canvas (画布) with a brush.” By now, Albrecht Durer’s hundreds of masterful portraits, sketches and woodcuts hang in every great museum in the world, but most people are familiar with only one of Albrecht Durer’s works. More than merely being familiar with it, you very well may have a reproduction hanging in your home or office. To pay homage to Albert, Albrecht Durer drew his brother’s hands with palms together and thin fingers stretched skyward. He called his drawing “Hands,” but the entire world immediately opened their hearts to his great masterpiece and named it “The Praying Hands.” Statements based on the passage: T 1. The father of Durer family could not afford any child’s study at the academy. F 2. Albrecht and Albert had to toss a coin to decide who should go to the academy, because one of them had to stay at home and help their father. F 3. Before deciding to toss a coin, Albrecht and Albert had many discussions with their father. T 4. Albrecht achieved great success at the academy, and his works were even better than most of his professors’. F 5. Albrecht decided to support Albert’s study at the academy with the sales of his artwork and by laboring in the mines. F 6. Albert said it was too late for him to go to the academy because he was no longer interested in art after working in the mines for many years. F 7. Although Albrecht had many masterful portraits, only one of them has received popular recognition. T 8. Among Albrecht’s works, “Hands” is the one which is reproduced most. T 9. Albrecht created “Hands” in order to show respect and honor for his brother Albert. F 10. People renamed Albrecht’s drawing “The Praying Hands” because they just wanted to pay homage to his great achievement. Section B Passage Reading Passage 1 Valentine’s Day probably has its origin in the ancient Roman celebration called Lupercalia(牧神节). It was celebrated on February 15. In the Roman calendar February was in the spring. The celebration honored the gods Lupercus and Faunus as well as the twin brothers Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome. As part of the ceremony the priests paired up young men and women. The girls’ names were placed in a box and each boy drew a girl’s name. The couple was paired then until the next Lupercalia. In 260 AD the emperor Claudius II, called Claudius the Cruel, decided that young soldiers would only be distracted by marriage and so ordered that young men may not marry. Valentinus (Valentine), a Christian priest, defied the emperor and got married in secret. He was caught and executed on February 14, the eve of Lupercalia. His name became associated with young love forever after. In 496, Pope Gelasius set aside February 14 to honor him as Saint Valentine and it has been St. Valentine’s Day ever since. In the Middle Ages some of the customs of the Lupercalia still persisted in spite of the attempts of the Church to put an end to these non-Christian customs and Christianize the holiday. Both men and women drew names from a bowl to see who their valentines would be. They would wear the names on their sleeves for a week. Today we still sometimes “wear our hearts on our sleeves” when we cannot conceal our feelings. In the 1600s, it became common to give flowers, particularly the rose, as a sign of love as the “language of flowers”. This came to Europe from Turkey. The color and placement of the rose held a special significance--a red rose, for example, meant beauty. Flowers have been part of Valentine’s Day ever since. D 11. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. The custom of Valentine’s Day. B. A story about how Valentinus defied the emperor. C. The relationship between marriage and religion. D. The origin of Valentine’s Day. B 12. Young soldiers were not allowed to marry because the emperor was afraid that ______. A. they would associate with St. Valentine B. they wouldn’t concentrate on their job C. they would defy the emperor’s order D. they were too young to marry