The Experience of Reading John Keats’s poems
Part 1 Introduction
John Keats is one of the most distinguished Romantic poets in the history of British literature. Although in his rather short and tough lifetime, Keats received so little financial reward or public recognition, he kept writing. When reading Keats’s poems, I’m completely amazed by his boundless imagination and his incomparably beautiful sentences and now I have a deeper understanding of his attitudes towards life and death.
Part 2 Analysis
(1) His pursuit for beauty
Though Keats lived in a dark period of time and had suffered from heavy illness for quite long before his death, he never stopped his love and pursuit for beauty. And the beautiful realm of nature, life and poetry is the most common theme in the poems that I read.
In the poem Ode to a Nightingale, he describes the nightingale as a light winged Dryad of the trees who “singest of summer in full-throated ease” in “some melodious plot of beechen green, and shadows numberless”. Through these lines, we can almost see her graceful look and hear her nice voice. The night scene that Keats describes is also mysterious and amazingly beautiful with “the Queen-Moon”“on her throne”, “clustered around by all her starry Fays”and all kinds of fragrant blossoms such as the white hawthorn, the pastoral eglantine, the violets and the musk-roses. All of these create a kind of intoxicating beauty of nature.
Keats’s praise for natural beauty can also be found in the poem To Autumn and On the Grasshopper and the Cricket, where he writes about the stunning view of the “season of mists and mellow fruitfulness” and the “poetry of earth” which “is never dead”.
Bright Star is a love song that Keats writes to his lover Fanny Brawne. In this poem, Keats not only writes about the beauty of the bright star, but also writes about his young lover’s “ripening breast”and “tender-taken breath”. From this, we can see Keats’s attachment to the beauty of life and the girl.
On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer is a sonnet we learned in class. In this poem Keats shows his admiration for the beauty of poetry itself. After reading Chapman’s Homer, he felt “like some watcher of the skies” looking at a new planet or “like stout Cortez when with eagle eyes”staring at the Pacific Ocean. These figures show Keats’s ecstasy reading the fantastic and powerful lines of Homer’s epics.
After my reading experience, I find that almost each pieces of poem written by Keats express his untiring pursuit of beauty, of nature, life, poetry and love. I can hardly imagine how he did it throughout all his misfortunes and sufferings. Maybe the pursuit itself is the motivation that keeps him living, just as he said to Fanny in the movie Bright Star :“A thing of beauty is a joy for ever: its loveliness increases; it will never pass into nothingness.”
(2) Imageries and figures of speech
The most impressive thing is Keats’s peerless and infinitive imagination. The imageries in his poems are a perfect combination of the reality and dreams.
In the poem Ode to a Nightingale, when he describes the feeling of drink the vintage, he uses the visual image “Flora and the country green”, the auditory image “Provencal song”, the gustatory image “tasting”and the kinesthetic image “dance”. These different kinds of images blend together, forming a marvelous and immersive feeling of drinking vintage in the wonderland of Flora.
And in To Autumn, Keats also uses visual images. Such as in the first stanza, “thatch-eves”, “moss’d cottage-trees”and other mellow fruits show the maturity and ripeness of autumn. Auditory images are also perfectly applied. “Gnats mourn”, “full-grown lambs bleat loud”, “hedge-crickets sing”, “red-breast whistles” and “gathering swallows twitter”. The nature’s chorus gives us a perfect performance of the beautiful autumn. Olfactory images like the “fume of poppies” and gustatory images like the “sweet kernel” both add to our desire for the autumn in the wilderness.
Strong contrasts are commonly seen in Keat s’s poems. In the poem Ode to a Nightingale, the difference between the nightingale’s ideal world and the ugly real world is obvious. “Happy” and “sorrow”, “mirth”and “despairs”, “singing”and “groan”, “green”and “grey”show the poet’s keen desire to flee the reality to his perfect dreams.
Keats also likes to use quotations of ancient history and myths to create a mysterious or solemn atmosphere. In the poem On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer, the figure of ambitious Spanish adventurer Cortez with his “eagle eyes”appears. In Ode to a Nightingale, the story of Ruth (I searched for it online) shows the eternity of the nightingale’s beautiful songs.
Similes and Metaphors are like the spirit of Keat s’s poems. They are so widely used in every poem that I cannot list them.
(3) His view of mortality
It was a sad truth that tuberculosis cut Keats’s life off in its prime time. He was forced to think about death even before the flower of his life bloomed. We can see his view of mortality in some of his poems. It surprised me that he didn’t show any agony and fear in face of death. On the contrary, he was quite calm and sober.
In his opinion, death is an inevitable process of living beings. It is not the fearful end of life, but a sort of return to nature. It even has its special charm. In the poem Bright Star, he expresses his acceptance of fate to “swoon to death” peacefully in his lover’s arms, to return to nature like a steadfast star. And in Ode to a Nightingale, we can see it is not so hard to face death when the real world is a place full of “the weariness, the fever, and the fret”, where “beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes”. In the dark, serene kingdom of the nightingale, the poet is almost “half in love with easeful Death”.
However, Keats still cherishes life. The nightingale is the bird of eternity in Keats’s poem, and its songs represent the immortal happiness, which may be in Keats’s dreams. Although the reality is dark and dirty, Keats still finds its beauty through natural scenery, his lover’s embrace, the great power of poetry and his wild imagination. To live is still worth yearning for.
Maybe it’s just like what he said in his epitaph: “Here lies one whose name was written in water.” His life was so fragile that as you wrote, it dissolved. It faded away even before it was finished. But on the other hand, it was never finished. He just went back to nature with water. His name, together with his masterpieces, will always be carried down human’s history by flowing water with dazzling blaze. Beauty makes him immortal.
Part 3 Conclusion
Through the journey of reading Keats poems and watching the film Bright Star, I have a better understanding of this extraordinary poet’s life and mind. My imagination flies aloft with his, and I try to feel his happiness and pain. I begin to know that writing a good poem requires deep perception of life and persistence of seeking truth and beauty. What we need is to read more observe more, feel more, and think more.
Poems I Choose
1. Ode to a Nightingale
2. To Autumn
3. Bright Star
4. On First Looking int o Chapman’s Homer
5. On the Grasshopper and the Cricket
英文诗歌赏析安全B103班 峥 201010044323
Anaiysis on the poem of------ The most distant way in the world Poet：Tagore The most distant way in the world is not the way from birth to the end. It is when I sit near you that you don’t understand I lov e you. The most distant way in the world is not that you’re not sure I love you. It is when my love is bewildering the soul but I can’t speak it out The most distant way in the world is not that I can’t say I love you. It is after looking into my heart I can’t change my love. The most distant way in the world is not that I’m loving you. It is in our love we are keeping between the distance. The most distant way inthe world is not the distance across us. It is when we’re breaking through the way we deny the existance of love. So the most distant way in the world is not in two distant trees. It is the same rooted branches can’t enjoy the co-existance. So the most distant way in the world is not in the being sepearated branches. It is in the blinking stars they can’t burn the light.
摘要“美即是真，真即是美”。约翰?济慈在《希腊古瓮颂》中如是说。“真”与“美”从此便成了批评家争论不休的话题。正因诗人作品的开放性与多元性，众人的解读也莫衷一是。本文将通过细读的手法研究该诗，并对诗中诗人提出的一些论点，包括“真”与“美”的涵义等进行评述。力图通过自己的批评性分析，带领读者走进济慈的“真”、“美”世界。 关键词济慈美真批评性分析 一、“此地长眠者，声名水上书。” ——济慈 批评家的无情抨击几乎使其名 誉扫地，但他并没屈服，诗人托友人在其墓志铭上刻上，“一位 年轻的英国诗人”，以一颗“痛楚的内心”，“在仇敌恶毒的势 力”面前，“声名书写与水上”。 （Eliot，270）。相反，詹姆士?奥鲁克认为诗歌结 尾的声明“表现出一种肯定的自我意识” 。有的批评家便武断地 得出结论，认为济慈是试图在视觉艺术与诗歌做出比较，并认 为视觉艺术更胜一筹。的确绘画等视觉艺术形式往往激起观 者丰富的想象，而且个中内涵未通过明确文字直接给出，因此 理解是开放式的，多元的。然而，诗歌也是如此。 综观人类历史，诗歌一直都是人们的精神食粮，发人深 思，诱人想象，给予心灵的观照。笔者认为，济慈只是单纯称 赞古瓮之美，并非要做高下比较。笔者有两个依据。一方面， 这句本身自相矛盾，是个悖论。古瓮虽“铺叙”了一个比“诗还 瑰丽”的“如花故事”，但自身形态之美却恰恰通过“诗”来表 现、传达出来。若非此诗读者无法欣赏到古瓮的艺术之美。 因此，这个悖论无解。当然，或许诗人本就无意求解，他认为 视觉艺术和诗歌只要能唤起美感，便同样美好。巧的是诗人 苏轼也有类似的诗画理论。他认为诗歌和绘画紧密相连。他 曾称赞王维，“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画。观摩诘之画，画中有 诗。”两位诗人在诗、画这两种艺术形式中看到和谐与统一，而 非对立和矛盾。二者在诗中互相作用，互相渗透，将古瓮之 “美”升华到极致。 另一个依据是通感的使用，在“一个如花的故事，比诗还 瑰丽（原诗用词为‘sweet’亦有人译为甜美）”这行寥寥八字的 诗句中， 便运用了
Analysis on (E. ec) um! Mi, n, g-s' poem: r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-r r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-r r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-r Who a ) s w (e loo)k Upnowgath PPEGORHRASS eringint( o- aThe:) l la eA ! p: s a to aThe):l eA !p: S a (r rIvInG gRrEaPsPhOs to rea(be)rran(com)gi(e)ngly ,grasshopper; A possible translation: A grasshopper who we look up now gathering a GRASSHOPPER into leaps: arriving grasshopper rearrangingly become a grasshopper
Introduction E. E. Cummings, born in 1894, was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright. His body of work encompasses approximately 2,900 poems, two autobiographical novels, four plays and several essays, as well as numerous drawings and paintings. He is remembered as a preeminent voice of 20th century poetry, as well as one of the most popular. He loved cubism and futurism in painting, while all the achievements he made in other areas can hardly be compared with what he did in poetry. In general, his poems can be classified into 3 categories: Blues Poetry, which just like the Blues music, utilizes lyric, rhythm and rhyme, and shares some similar themes such as lost love; concrete poetry, in which typographical arrangement of the words is important in conveying the effect and elements of the poem; futurist, which believes that the constraints of syntax were inappropriate to modern life and that it did not truly represent the mind of the poet. Syntax would serve as a filter in which analogies had to be processed and so analogies would lose their characteristic "stupefaction". In his poetry, meter was rejected and the word was the top concern. In this way, he was able to create a now language free of syntax punctuation and full of free expression. Attached to his free and creative way of relating, I would like to give a brief stylistic analysis of his famous poem: "r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-r". The examination will deal with phonological, graphological, lexical, syntactical, and semantic analyses respectively. Graphological Features 1)Punctuation E.E. Cummings had a constant love for punctuation, especially in a random way. Hyphens are used to link the randomly spelled letters，which creates an impression of coherence；brackets are used to limit the letters into a certain space, such as (e loo), in order to create an effect of closure which coperate with the phrase of "get into". Exclamatory marks are used to
英语诗歌的韵律(metre)英诗节奏(Rhythm) 构成英诗节奏的基础是韵律(metre)。在希腊语中，“metre”这个字是“尺度(标谁)”的意思。英诗就是根据诗行中的音节和重读节奏作为“尺度(标准)”来计算韵律的。 英诗的特点之一是与其他文体不同的排列格式。各诗行不达到每页页边，每行开始词首大写。几行成为一节(stanza)，不分段落。各行都要讲究一定的音节数量，行末押韵或不押韵，交错排列。 ……音节重读(stressed)，非重读(unstressed)。……这就是一种正规的重读形式，在诗歌中即体现为韵律。研究诗歌韵律规则的科学叫作韵律学(Prosody)。 1．音步(Foot)： 英诗中这种重读与非重读音节的特殊性组合叫作音步。一个音步的音节数量可能为两个或三个音节，但不能少于两个或多于三个音节，而且其中只有一个必须重读。分析英诗的格律就是将它划分成音步，并区分出是何种音步以及计算音步的数量。这种音步划分叫scansion。根据一首英诗组成的音步数量，每一诗行一个音步称“单音步”(monometer)；每一诗行有两个音步的，称“双音步”(dimeter)；含有三个音步的，称“三音步”(trimeter)；此外还有四音步(tetrameter）、五音步、(pentameter)、六音步(hexameter)、七音步(heptameter)、八音步(octometer)。 Is this | a fast, | to keep
The lard | or lean And clean? (Herrick) 2．韵律(Metre)： 英诗的韵律是依据音步包含音节的数量及重读音节的位置而加以区分的。传统英诗的音步有六种：即:抑扬格(Lambus)、扬抑格(Trochee)、抑抑扬格(Anapaest)、扬抑抑格(Dactyl)及：扬抑抑格(Dactyl)及抑扬抑格(Amphibrach)： “⌒”非重读音节；“／”重读音节。 英诗的韵(rhyme) 英语诗歌的押韵可以根据单词的内音素重复的部位不同而分成不同种类，最常见的有头韵（Alliteration）、谐元韵（Assonance）和尾韵（Rhyme）。头韵指词首重复，如great和grew；谐元韵是指词中重读元音重复，如great和fail；尾韵则指词尾音素重复，如great 和bait。但一行诗中可能同时存在多种押韵形式： The light that lies in women''s eyes. --Thomas Moore 这行诗中既有头韵light和lies，谐元韵light、lies、eyes，又有且有尾韵（这种押韵方式称行中韵middle rhyme）lies和eyes。 英语诗歌的行与行之间的押韵格式称韵法（rhyming scheme）。常见有两行转韵（AABB）、隔行押韵（ABCB）、隔行交互押韵（ABAB）
How to Analyze a Poem Going through each poem asking the following questions in an order something like this: 1.Who is the speaker? Is the speaker a male or female? Where is he or she? When does this poem take place? What are the circumstances? Sometimes you'll be able to answer all of these questions: For example, the speaker is a Duke, (eg My last Duchess). Sometimes you'll be able to answer only a few, and sometimes only vaguely: The speaker is unnamed, unplaced, and is addressing an audience that's unknown. No matter. You've begun to understand the poem. 2.What is the structure of the poem? That is, what are the parts of the poem and how are they related to each other? What gives the poem its coherence? What are the structural divisions of the poem? Think about the logic of the poem. Does it ask questions, then answer them? Or develop an argument? Or use a series of analogies to prove a point?
从文体学角度论she中的诗歌成分 摘要:歌词作为一种特殊文本,为人所熟知,但不为人所经常分析,本文利用作者的文体学知识,从修辞角度,音韵角度与前景化角度对“诺丁山”的主题曲she进行分析,从而得出结论。 关键词:歌词修辞角度音韵角度前景化角度 1 引言 1999年的电影”诺丁山”中的片头及片尾曲she,其歌词婉转含蓄而又深情款款, 能够给人留下无法磨灭的印象,本论文试图从文体学的角度来对其歌词进行分析,从而得出自己的结论。本文将从三个角度,修辞角度,音韵角度与前景化角度展开讨论。前半歌词如下: she may be the face I can’t forget 她,也许是一张我无法忘记的容颜 a trace of pleasure I regret是一屡我所为之叹息的惬意 may be my treasure or the price I have to pay 也许是我的瑰宝或者必定的付出 she may be the song that Summer sings 她,也许是夏日的绵绵短歌 may be the chill that autumn brings 也许是秋日的瑟瑟山风 may be a hundred different things 也许是百般变化的生活 within the measure of the day. 融入了平日 she may be the beauty or the beast她,也许是美女也许是野兽 may be the famine or the feast 也许是贫瘠也许是富足 may turn each day into heaven or a hell 也许会把每天变作天堂或地狱 she may be the mirror of my dream 她,也许是我梦幻的一扇明镜 a smile reflected in a stream 也许是朦胧中透出的莞尔一笑
The Basic Elements of Appreciating English Poetry 1.What is poetry? ?Poetry is the expression of Impassioned feeling in language. ?“Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.” ?“Poetry, in a general sense, may be defined to be the expression of the imagination.” ?Poetry is the rhythmical creation of beauty. ?Poetry is the image of man and nature. ?“诗言志，歌咏言。” ---《虞书》 ?“诗言志之所以也。在心为志，发言为诗。情动于中而行于言，言之不足，则嗟叹之；嗟叹之不足，故咏歌之；咏歌之不足，不知手之舞之，足之蹈之也。情发于声；声成文，谓之音。” ---《诗·大序》 ?“诗是由诗人对外界所引起的感觉，注入了思想与情感，而凝结了形象，终于被表现出来的一种‘完成’的艺术。” ---艾青：《诗论》 2.The Sound System of English Poetry a. The prosodic features ?Prosody (韵律)---the study of the rhythm, pause, tempo, stress and pitch features of a language. ?Chinese poetry is syllable-timed, English poetry is stress-timed. ?Stress: The prosody of English poetry is realized by stress. One stressed syllable always comes together with one or more unstressed syllables. eg. Tiger, /tiger, /burning /bright In the /forest /of the/ night, What im/mortal /hand or /eye Could frame thy/ fearful /symme/try? ---W. Blake Length: it can produce some rhetorical and artistic effect. eg. The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea, The Ploughman homeward plods his weary way, And leaves the world to darkness and to me. ---Thomas Gray Long vowels and diphthongs make the poem slow, emotional and solemn; short vowels quick, passionate, tense and exciting. Pause: it serves for the rhythm and musicality of poetry. b. Meter or measure (格律) poem---stanza/strophe---line/verse---foot---arsis + thesis; Meter or measure refers to the formation way of stressed and
英语诗歌以其独特的文体形式充分调动、发挥语言的各种潜能，使之具有特殊的感染力。读来隽永，富有音韵美。下面是是由带来的关于经典英文诗歌，欢迎阅读! 【篇一】关于经典英文诗歌赏析 I Started Early - Took My Dog Emily Dickinson (1830-86) I started Early - Took my Dog And visited the Sea The Mermaids in the Basement Came out to look at me And Frigates - in the Upper Floor Extended Hempen Hands Presuming Me to be a Mouse Aground - upon the Sands But no Man moved Me - till the Tide Went past my simple Shoe And past my Apron - and my Belt And past my Bodice - too And made as He would eat me up As wholly as a Dew Upon a Dandelion's Sleeve And then - I started - too And He - He followed - close behind I felt His Silver Heel Upon my Ankle - Then my Shoes
Would overflow with Pearl Until We met the Solid Town No One He seemed to know And bowing - with a Mighty look At me - The Sea withdrew 【篇二】关于经典英文诗歌赏析 The Wild Swans At Coole William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) The trees are in their autumn beauty, The woodland paths are dry, Under the October twilight the water Mirror a still sky; Upon the brimming water among the stones Are nine-and-fifty swans. The nineteenth autumn has come upon me Since I first made my count; I saw, before I had well finished, All suddenly mount And scatter wheeling in great broken rings Upon their clamorous wings. I have looked upon those brilliant creatures, And now my heart is sore. All's changed since I, hearing at twilight, The first time on this shore,
Analysis of Ode to a Nightingale by John Keats 在诗歌的第一节里，诗人主要描写夜莺的歌声给诗人带到了飘飘欲仙的忘我境界，在艰难的现实生活里，诗人感到无情命运对其压迫产生的痛楚：My heart aches，and a drowsy numbness pain My sense，as though of hemlock I had drunk 诗人的心里痛苦，困顿麻木，就象吃了鸦片一样，但是痛苦带来的麻木又使诗人感到一丝慰藉：Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains One minute past，and Lethe-wards had sunk；列撕忘川是哈帝斯冥城里的一条让人忘记过去的河流。作者通过引用这条河流来忘记现实生活的磨难，压迫，在这里诗人大量运用了“^”音来加强痛苦的效果“drunk some,dull,one,sunk”：并且“S”音的重复使用使诗歌具有一种破碎的撕心裂肺的效果，aches，drowsy,numbness,pains,sense,as,drains，
两组音的交替出现使人们在朗读过程中深深体会到诗人内心的痛苦，接着，诗歌进入了一个较为欢快的段落，这是因为夜莺的歌声使人感到快意，作者把夜莺比喻成树林里的精灵(Dryad of the tree)，为夏日引吭高歌，并且这种欢快的声音在某种程度上引起诗人的嫉妒：This not through envy of the happy lot, But being too happy in thine happiness 在第一节诗里'作者先用现实生活带来的痛苦感受来引出夜莺快乐的情感，这种矛盾修饰辞法(paradox)大大加强了诗歌的戏剧效果，让人更感受到夜莺歌声的魅力，从而自然引出了夜莺歌声而产生的快乐意境。 在第二节里，诗人通过运用了通感修辞手法(synesthesia[.sin?s'θi:?i?])把夜莺的歌声比作温酿可口的清醇的葡萄酒,葡萄酒产生于法国南部的普鲁旺斯省(Provencal)这一带地区气候温暖湿润，阳光明媚，是一处宜人可爱的地方一樽珍藏在地窖多年的美酒就更加清醇可口
英文诗歌赏析方法 英诗的欣赏：诗的格律、诗的押韵、诗的体式、诗的评判。 诗以高度凝结的语言表达着人们的喜怒哀乐，用其特有的节奏与方式影响着人们的精神世界。诗讲究联想，运用象征、比喻、拟人等各种修辞手法，形成了独特的语言艺术。 一、诗的格律 “格律是指可以用脚打拍子的节奏”，是每个音步轻重音节排列的格式，也是朗读时轻重音的依据。而音步是由重读音节和非重读音节构成的诗的分析单位。重读音节为扬（重），在音节上用“－”或“?”标示，非重读音节为抑（轻），在音节上用“?”标示，音步之间可用“／”隔开。以下是五种常见格式： 1. 抑扬格（轻重格）Iambus：是最常见的一种格式，每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。 As fair / art thou / my bon/nie lass， So deep / in luve / am I ： And I / will luve / thee still，/ my dear，Till a` / the seas / gang dry： Robert Burns（1759-1796）：My Luve Is like a Red，Red Rose 注；art=are luve=love bonnie=beautiful a`=all gang=go 上例中为四音步与三音步交叉，可标示为：?－／?－／?－／（?－） 2.扬抑格（重轻格）Trochee：每个音步由一个重读音节加一个非重读音节构成。 下例中为四音步扬抑格（少一个轻音节），可标示为：－?／－?／－?／－ Tyger！/ Tyger！/ burning / bright In the / forests / of the / night William Blake：The Tyger 3. 抑抑扬格（轻轻重格）Anapaestic foot：每个音步由两个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。如：三音步抑抑扬格??－／??－／??－ Like a child / from the womb， Like a ghost / from the tomb， I arise / and unbuild / it again. 4. 扬抑抑格（重轻轻格）Dactylic foot：每个音步由一个重读音节加两个非重读音节构成。如：两音步扬抑抑格－??／－?? ?Touch her not / ?scornfully， ?Think of her / ?mournfully. - Thomas Hood 5. 抑扬抑格（轻重轻格）Amphibrach：每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节再加一个非重读音节构成。如：三音步抑扬抑格?－?／?－?／?－?下例中最后一个音步为抑扬格。 O ?hush thee / my ?babie / thy ?sire was / a knight. 在同一首诗中常会出现不同的格律，格律解析对朗读诗歌有一定参考价值。现代诗中常不遵守规范的格律。 二、诗的押韵
On Stylistic Features of“The Force that Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower” 姓名：沙鑫 课程：文体概论
Abstract Dylan Thomas created numbers of brilliant and profound poems in his short but glorious life, after which analyzing articles are as many as the poems. People tend to analyze purposes, backgrounds and emotions of his poems because of the multi-depth, but stylistic analysis provides a new way to understand this genius and his works in which the way his poems composed in the sense of phonology, lexicology and semantics. Because of his obsession of the theme life and death, The Force that Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower is a great example that shows his deep thoughts to find out what the essential force is to drive life and death. This article aims to give this poems a well inspection through stylistic analysis which is rarely done by others, hoping a better understanding can be cognized to this magnificent poet. Keywords:Dylan Thomas; stylistic analysis; poem
第一小节，较沉闷的元音(如在“heart”、“drowsy”、“numbness”、等词中)与较严厉的词(如“aches”、“pains”、) 形成一种强烈的对比。写诗人被美妙的歌声刺醒了被痛苦麻木的灵魂，一种隐隐的甜蜜的痛苦敲醒了诗人困顿的心神。/s/ /W / /z//T/ 等滑音的运用，给人一种舒缓的感觉，它像钝头痛一样，如丝般，一缕一缕，细细的侵入你的身躯，你的灵魂。沉闷的元音/Q /也缕缕出现（“drunk ”“some”“dull”等词中），与"beechen green","full throated ease"也形成一种对比，表现了诗人快感与痛苦的糅合，表现了诗人对那个明快亮丽世界的向往，与急于摆脱现实羁绊的强烈愿望。 第二小节，诗人用一系列爆破音/d/、/t/、/b/、/p/、/k/等与短元音/i//Q//A//R/等，构成一幅声音响亮、欢快的美好世界，那里有陈年佳酿，似灵泉之水，有生机勃勃的绿色，有舞步欢快，有笑声盈盈，有声声歌唱……诗人领我们走进了一个美妙的世界，实践着他所说的“那些值得尊敬的诗人是那些讲述悦耳动听故事的人”。 第三小节，/v/、/r/、/n/等辅音（如在“fever”“fret”“groan”中）的运用，使嗡嗡之声充溢其间，给人一种烦躁、压抑之感，一些沉闷的元音给人一种沉闷、无生气、瘫软的感觉。 第四小节，/s//f/等擦音及长元音/ei/、/i:/的运用，产生一站种柔和、安宁的效果。“fly”、“wings”、“tender”、“breezes”、“venderous”、“light”等词，一动一静、一明一暗，形成对比，使富有动感，柔风软拂，月光柔和，树林静谧，曲径通幽，给人一种宁静之感。 第五小节，“flowers”、“soft incense”“embalmed darkness”、“pastoral eglantine”等词产生一种柔美的艺术效果。头韵/m/的运用，告诉人民们在五月里，天气渐热，夹杂着苍蝇的嗡嗡声，让人们有一种昏昏欲睡之感。另外，元音从/Q/到/R/到/a:/到/ai/，不断变化，使人完全没有单调像琴键上跳跃的音符，避免了单调。 第六小节，长元音/i:/的连续运用，（如在“easeful death”“mused rhyme”“cease”“requiem”等中）带人进入一种幽静、甜熟、“奢侈”的死的意境之中。之是诗人的梦呓，是听着歌声沉醉的话语。 第七小节，/d/ /t/ /n/ /g/等辅音（如在“tread”“down”“night”“off-times”“magic”中）以及长音/ei//R://E://EU/等（如在“born”“immortal”“heard”“home”“casement”中）的运用，长短相间，意象跳跃较快，使整节诗充满了跳动的音符。 第八小节，一连贯/s/的运用（如在“sole self”“so”“elf”“fades”“past”“still stream”“vallage-glades”“sleep”等中）将读者留在那个已经离去的世界里，美妙的音乐久久盘旋在人们的心间。 诗人运用了典故：君王与平民的故事、圣经中的“路德记”和中世纪的神话故事，借以说明夜莺虽然将刺刺进自己的胸膛，但是它活在过去，现在和将来永世，他在这满目疮痍的世界里一视同仁，激励着一代一代的人，夜莺的歌声无处不在，是大地众生的希望，美的事物是万事永存的。 本首诗想象丰富，情感强烈，并在对比中显示出艺术魅力。诗人善于运用现实与理想的尖锐对立来展示诗人内心那无法克制的矛盾冲突；善于创造半虚半实的幻境和似梦非梦的情
从《忽必烈汗》分析诗歌的文体特征 作者：于老师来源：日期：未知人气：133 标签： 《忽必烈汗》是英国浪漫主义诗人柯勒律治的代表诗作之一。作者赛缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治( Samuel Taylor Coleridge)(1772- 1834), 天资聪颖, 性格奇特, 健于言谈, 能诗, 善文, 精通哲理, 很小就已经出露锋芒, 青 年时代思想激进, 以后发生了剧变。在与华兹华斯结识后, 曾共同出过诗集《抒情诗歌集》(Lyrical Ballards), 并一起赴德国。柯勒律治有诗才, 而且是一个有见识的文学评论家。他的诗讲求词藻与节奏, 常以超自然的事物作为题材, 能在神秘的事物中显示出现实的力量。他的《老水手之歌》和《忽必烈汗》是脍炙人口的名作。柯勒律治诗歌创作数量不多, 但极富独创性, 所以他对浪漫主义文学做出了较大贡献。 1800 年, 著名诗人威廉·华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)和柯勒律治一起发表题为《抒情诗歌集》(Lyrical Ballards) 的诗集, 标志着英国文学进入浪漫主义时期(the Romantic Period),自此至1834 年为英国文学史上诗歌的鼎盛时期。浪漫主义时期的一些诗人重视自己的抱负和理想, 诗歌中充满了幻想和想象, 他们重视精神和感情世界, 所以我们称这个时期的文学 为浪漫主义时期。柯勒律治与威廉·华兹华斯和罗伯特·骚赛(Robert Southey)一起被称为英国“湖畔诗人”。但他们三人并未共同创立诗歌派别, 也并非共同做诗, 但他们都长期居住在英国西北部湖区(the Lake District), 所以他们被称为“湖畔诗人”。 《忽必烈汗》是柯勒律治记述他的神奇梦境的一首诗全篇只有54 行。据其《前言》所述: 他从未去过蒙古大草原, 但颇爱阅读像《马可波罗游记》等描绘东方世界的游记。1797 年的一天, 他读了一本《珀切斯游记》, 其中有“忽必烈汗敕命在草原上营造一处豪华宫阙, 并开辟御园, 将方圆三十 里的沃野包括在内??”读着读着, 他沉入了梦乡, 在梦中做诗约二、三百行, 尽情地描述了他在蒙古草原的见闻。醒后, 柯勒律治立即伏案写作, 去追述梦中之诗篇。不料, 刚写下54 行, 却有人来他家中串门儿。待这位“不速之客”走后, 他再去写诗时, 灵感和梦中见闻早已全部消失, 真令他十 分遗憾。尽管如此, 这54行诗以《忽必烈汗》为篇名发表以后, 仍然在英国(后来又在法国、美国)风行一时, 成为西方上流社会的人们向往东方文明的指路标牌。一时间, 沙龙中的青年们以会背诵《忽必烈汗》这首诗为荣。 诗歌是语言的艺术, 反映人们的生活、思想和感情, 充满想像, 有美的形式, 有感染力, 有永恒的价值, 等等。 诗歌的特点:( 一) 一般说来, 诗不传授知识, 不叙述真实的事件, 不描写真实的人物, 甚至讲故事的在我们常读的诗中也不算多。
1. use waste words and uncommon words Some english words used by the ancients has already been eliminated by the times become waste words (archaic or less common words) in daily life and prose, But very common in poetry。That may be the antique words can trigger the emotions of poets. Perhaps it may looks elegant by using these ancient words to attract the attention of readers. Mainly poetry focus more on the subaudition of words, the era of change do not pay attention to the spoken text. Examples: nouns Swine ----- pig swain ----- farmer Spouse ------ wife pronouns thou -----you Thy -----your mine ------my adjectives lowly ----humble mute ----- silent fond ----- foolish verbs quit ------live wax ------- grow quoth -------said adverbs hapty ------perhaps oft ------ often full -------very Example： It is an ancient mariner, And he stoppeth one of three. "By thy long gray bread and glittering eye," Now wherefore stopp'st thou me? … He holds him with his skinny hand, "There was a ship," quoth he. he Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Perfect Relationship in an Imperfect Way Nobody is perfect. Every person has his unique feature. There is no need to change one’s characteristics to fit another person. People in love always want to change each other so that they can have a better and steadier relationship. But if you love a person, you should love his bright points and drawbacks together. In “To Dorothy”, Marvin Bell talks about this kind of love that you even love each other’s shortcomings. He discusses how he thinks of Dorothy. He discusses what Dorothy did in his life and what his reaction was. He also indicates what he would feel if Dorothy left him. In “To Dorothy”, Marvin Bell tells us we can have a perfect relationship in an imperfect way. This poem obviously talks about the relationship between the poet, Marvin Bell and Dorothy who may be Marvin Bell’s lover, wife, or relative and so on. In the first place, Marvin Bell tells us he thinks Dorothy is not beautiful. I think this may indicate that Dorothy is a not a perfect person in his eyes. “To Dorothy You are not beautiful exactly. You are beautiful, inexactly.” (Marvin Bell, 1) From here on, we can know that Marvin Bell knows clearly that Dorothy is not beautiful and perfect, because he uses two sentences which are the exactly same meaning to express the similar ideas. From anotherperspective, however, maybe there is another meaning that we can conclude from the two sentences. Using two similar sentences may express the poet’s hesitation. In the first sentence, Marvin Bell does think Dorothy is not exactly beautiful, but in the second sentence, in his eyes, Dorothy is