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20XX年高考英语形容词和副词知识点总结

20XX年高考英语形容词和副词知识点总结
20XX年高考英语形容词和副词知识点总结

20XX年高考英语形容词和副词知识点总结

形容词、副词是每年高考必考点之一,近几年语境综合化程度越来越高,难度加大。高考热点有:形容词、副词词义辨析;原级、比较级、最高级的使用;倍数的表达方法;比较等级的修饰语;多个形容词的排列顺序;常见形容词、副词的惯用法等。

关于形容词与副词这一考点,主要考查以下几个方面:

1.考查形容词和副词的基本用法

形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语,而副词在句中主要作状语。

2.考查形容词作定语的后置规律

形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前,但下列三种情况形容词要后置:

①形容词短语作定语时;②表语形容词作定语时;③修饰复合不定代词时。

3.考查多个形容词作定语的排序

多个形容词修饰名词时,其排序规律是:(限定词+程度副词+)描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词。

4.考查副词在句中的位置规律

副词修饰形容词或其它副词时,一般位于被修饰词的前面,但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。

5.考查–ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别

-ed形容词,通常说明人,意为“(某人)感到……”;-ing形容词通常说明事物,意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。

6.考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异

即考查与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别。

7.考查形容词和副词的比较等级。

8.考查比较等级的修饰语。

考点1:在具体的语境中辨析形容词与副词的语义

从复现的频率来看,此点是高考对形容词、副词考查的第一大热点。解答此类题关键是要分析具体的语境,结合基本词义、搭配等来选择正确的答案。

经过统计,常见常考的形容词和副词有(按频度排列):even; interested; interesting; yet; hardly; just; therefore; though; too; very; mon;

effective; either; ever; fair; however; less; more; nearly; only; purposefully; rather; still; such; surprised; surprising

还有以下形容词和副词应当熟悉和掌握: a good many; a number of; acceptable; accidentally; actively; adequately; already; another; anxious; anyway; ashamed; attentively; bad; badly; besides; better; but; careful; changeable; cheap; fortable; convenient; eagerly; easy; encouraging; enha-ncing; equal; even though; eventually; fairly; far; fewer; following; formally; friendly; gen-erously; gradually; heavily; historic; hopefully; immediately; inaccessible; individual; inevit-able; initial; instead; invisible; largely; never; next; no; normal; nowadays; obviously; ordin-ary; other; otherwise; patient; plenty of; prac-tical; promoting; proper; quickly; readily; reasonable; remote; seldom; seriously; short; so; stimulating; traditional; unavailable; unav-oidable; unfavorable; unfortunately; usual; va-rious; weak;

well

考点2:考查形容词、副词的比较级、最高级及前面的修饰语

【备考清单】

1)比较级、最高级的选用及应用范围

比较级、最高级常用于表示两者或多者间的比较。复习中须注意如下句型的用法:

① as + 原级adj. / adv. + as表示“和……一样”及not as / so + 原级adj. / adv. + as表示“不如……”。例如:

(94全国) John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.

The piano in the other shop will be cheaper, but not as good.

② as + 原级adj. + a(n) + n. + as表示“跟……一样”。例如:

(20XX全国) It’s generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

(20XX北京) Our neighbour has as big a house as ours.

③ 比较级 + than表“比……更”及less … than表示“不如……”。例如:

This year they have produced less grain than they did last year.

This road is wider than that one.

④ the + 比较级, the + 比较级表示“越……,就越……”。例如:

(93上海) It’s believed that the harder you work, the better result you’ll get.

⑤ the +比较级+ of the + 名词 / 代词表示两者中“较……的”。例如:

Who is the younger of the two boys?

⑥比较级 + 比较级(越来越……)。___ 例如:

Our country is getting stronger and stronger.

Things became worse and worse from then on.

⑦用the last表示“最不可能的”、“最不适合的”、“最不希望的”等。例如:

The last thing I want to do is to offend you.我最不愿意做的就是惹你生气。

He is the last man I want to see.他是我最不希望见的人。

2)形容词、副词原级、比较级、最高级前的程度状语

① 注意一些形容词或副词前的特定修饰语。例如:

(20XX广东) Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always that much to do. (那样多)

I quite like it. They are quite different / wrong.

quite possible / impossible

My hometown is much changed.

much to my surprise(很让我吃惊)

be well worth doing (很值得做)

② 比较级前常可用still, even, much, far, a lot / little / few / bit, rather, any, a great deal, so far, by far, no等词修饰。(注意more不用于修饰比较级)。例如:

(94全国) If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time.

(20XX上海) You’re standing too near the cinema. Can yo

u move a bit farther?

This is by far the better.

③ 最高级可用序数词、much、 by far、 nearly、 almost等词修饰。例如:

Africa is the second largest continent.

The Pacific is by far the largest ocean.

I like this film the very best / much the best.

考点3:形容词作表语,形容词、副词作后置定语

【备考清单】

1)形容词用于系动词后作表语

在最近几年高考试题中系动词加形容词作表语的情况出现过很多次。高考对此点的考查集中于区别到底是系动词还是一般动词并选择合适的形容词,而不是副词作表语。常见的动词有如下三类:

表示感觉的系动词:sound, look, taste, appear, smell, feel, seem 等

表示变化的系动词:bee, fall, get, turn, grow, make, e, go等

表示状态存在的系动词:remain, keep, stay, continue, prove, lie, stand等。例如:

2)形容词、副词作后置定语

【备考清单】

常见的几种修饰语后置的情况有:①形容词修饰something, nothing, anything, everything等不定代词时要后置。②present作“出席的”时只作后置定语。③表语形容词如alive, asleep, awake, alone等只能作后置定语。④副词修饰动词时,放在动词之后。修饰形容词或副词时,放在被修饰词之前。enough修饰形容词、副词时要后置,修饰名词时可放在名词的前后。形容词短语修饰名词作主语时要后置。用and或or连接的形容词作定语时要后置,起强调作用。表数量的词作定语时要后置。副词修饰形容词的特殊词序,“so, as, how, too + 形容词 + 单数可数名词”。

考点4:倍数表达法

【备考清单】

三种常见倍数表达法:

1)倍数 + as + 原级形容词+ as …例如:

This road is three times as long as that one.

2)倍数+ the size / length / width / depth / height of …例如:The river is five times the width of that one.

3)倍数 + 比较级 + than + 被比较对象。例如:

The sun is a million times larger than the earth.

考点5:多个形容词作定语时的排序问题及语序不同意义不同的词组

【备考清单】

1)多个形容词作定语时的排序问题

多个形容词作定语时的排序一般遵从如下规律:

如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多,则音节少的形容词在前,音节多的在后。例如:a small wonderful gift

常用的顺序为:

限定词+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形容性形容词+(large, long, high)+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+产地(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修饰名词(desk)

记住以上规则是必要的,但还应多阅读、多体会,增强语感是关键。例如:all these last few days 最近的这些日子

some beautiful little red flowers 一些美丽的小红花

a high red brick

wall 一堵高高的红砖墙

a beautiful white Japanese military jeep 一辆漂亮的白色日本军用吉普车

其中限定词的排列顺序为:

all / both / half / double / 倍数词 / 分数词 + 冠词 / 指示代词 / 物主代词 / 名词所有格 / some / any / no / every / each +基数词 / 序数词 / little / few / last / next / other / another / more,形容词的排列顺序为:大小、长短、高低、新旧、颜色、产地、材料、用途、类别等。

尽管以上给出了排序的基本规律,但由于所涉及的词太多,想要记清楚确实有难度。下面给出四句口诀辅助记忆:

所有这些词,顺序往后数;

美小圆旧黄,法国木书房。

上面口诀中前两句主要用于解决排在最前边的多个限定词之间的顺序。它可以应用于all (所有) these (这些) last (顺序) few (数量) days 短语中。这个短语基本上可以体现多个限定词之间的先后顺序。口诀后两句可对应一句话“This is a charming small round old yellow Frenc h wood reading room.”其中多个形容词之间的先后顺序基本上可以在这一句中得以体现,而且汉语歌诀的形式将使记忆更形象、更深刻。利用以上歌诀时最好是“抓两头”,即牢记排在最前边的限定词及排在最后边的形容词,如产地、材料、用途等,则

能轻松突破此难点。

考点6:考查形容词与副词区别,易混词带有-ly的形容词、副词及复合形容词

【备考清单】

1)注意如下有无-ly的形容词和副词的意义区别:

wide / high / deep(具体的意义)宽 / 高 / 深 widely / highly / deeply (抽象意义)广泛地 / 高度地 / 深深地

most十分、非常 / 最多(大)的

mostly主要地、绝大多数地、多半

close靠近地

closely密切地、仔细地

late迟的,迟到的

lately最近、近来

direct直接(主要用于谈论路程和时间,和straight意思相同) directly 直率地、立即

2)注意合成形容词本质上是一个形容词,其合成部份中的名词不能变为复数形式。例如:

He wrote a two-thousand-word report.

His uncle is 6 feet tall. He is a forty-year old man.

3)“名词+ ly”构成的是形容词,而不是副词。

这类形容词有friendly, lovely, weekly, monthly, daily等

4)有些词既可以作形容词也可以作副词。例如:

He got up late, so he was late for school again.

Can you see that straight road? Go straight along this road, you’ll find the supermarket at the end.

This maths problem was hard. I thought hard and got the answer at last.

【精选试题】名校模拟题及其答案

1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____ voice.

A. a better

B. a best

C. the better

D. the best

2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _____ known for his plays.

A. the best

B. more

C. better

D. the most

3. The p

lane flew smoothly ______ in the sky and people spoke ______ of the experienced pilot.

A. high;high

B. highly;highly

C. high;highly

D. highly;high

4. ——What do you think of the concert?——Oh, it was______success.

A. a very

B. quite a C .so D. really

5. I haven’t seen______ this since I collected stamps.

A. as old a stamp as

B. so an old stamp as

C. stamp as old as

D. as an old stamp a

task is too much for me, so I can’t carry on ______any longer. I must get some help.

A. singly

7. Have your working conditions improved?

---No, ______than before, I’m afraid.

A. no better little batter worse worse

8. To their great relief, the missing child returned home, ______, after an absence of two weeks.

tired and sound and soundly

tired but soundly but sound

9. We must keep our room clean, for dirt and disease go______, you know.

in hand by step time ti time zfter another

10. How are you getting on with your classates?

——______. I’ve got to know them all.

A. Far better pleased fortable good

11. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, __________if you don’t speak the language.

12. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.

art much as an art as an art much as much an art as

13. It is re ported that the United States uses _____ energy as the whole of Europe.

A. as twice

B. twice much

C. twice much as

D. twice as much

14. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a ______car.

A. large German white

B. large white German

C. white large German

D. German large white

> 15. This _____girl is Linda’s cousin.

A. pretty little Spanish

B. Spanish little pretty

C. Spanish pretty little

D. little pretty Spanish

16. Mr. Smith owns _____collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met.

A. larger

B. a larger

C. the larger

D. a large

17.—Did you enjoy yourself at the party?

—Yes. I’ve never been to ______one before.

A. a more excited

B. the most excited

C. a more exciting

D. the most exciting

18.—Are you going to have a holiday this year?

—I’d love to. I can’t wait to leave this place ______.

A. off

B. out

C. behind

D. over

19. There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get _______

A. between

B. through

C. across

D. beyond

20. I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have ______heard of her.

A. even

B. ever

C. just

D. never

21. (20XX年天津市十二区县重点学校高三毕业班联考(一),英语,33)——You don’t go to that supermarket quite often, do you?

—— No, I only go there ______ because it’s too far away from my house.

A. eventually

B. constantly

C. occasionally

D. frequently

22. (20XX年天津市十二区县重点学校高三毕业班联考(二),英语,3)My daughter cares more for new clothes than anything else in the world, so she is very _______ about what she wears.

A. special

B. strict

C. especial

D. particular

23.(20XX年东北三省三校第一次联合模拟考试英语试题,英语,24)Well, that’s just the deal. ______ price will be out of my reach.

A. The higher

B. A higher

C. The highest

D. A highest

24. (唐山市20XX—20XX学年度高三年级第一次模拟考试,英语,20)Much to my surprise, the eight-year-old boy fixed my puter within ten minutes.

25.(银川一中20XX届高三年级第一次模拟考试,英语,33)Attention, coffee lovers! We have for you, the best coffee machine _____ invented.

A.

的,可达到的,可用的;affordable买得起的;helpful 有帮助的;acceptable 可以接受的;根据句意,A项符合题意。

28.【解析】C strongly强壮地,强烈的;reasonably合情合理的;highly 高度地,很好,非常;naturally自然的;句意是食品安全非常重要,因此政府不遗余力预防食物污染。

.【解析】D由 than 可知应用比较级,排除AB,数量多少应用 little 比较级为 less.

30.【解析】D free自由的,空闲的;vacant空缺的,空白的;handy便于使用的,便利的,可携带的,轻便的;convenient方便的,D项符合题意。

2020年高考英语专题12 形容词和副词 解析版

2020年高考英语专题12 形容词和副词 【2020年】 1.(2020·新课标I卷)Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. 【答案】extremely 【解析】考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使用extreme的副词形式,故填extremely。 2.(2020·新课标I卷)Data ab out the moon’s composition, such as how69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 【答案】much 【解析】考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,故填much。 3.(2020·新课标I卷)Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. 【答案】将simply改为simple 【解析】考查形容词。句意:今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知,此处应用形容词作定语,故将simply改为simple。 4.(2020·新课标II卷)Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. 【答案】Certainly 【解析】考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语,因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构,用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。 5.(2020·新课标II卷)The 69 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. 【答案】beautiful 【解析】考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches,用形容词形式。故填beautiful。 6.(2020·新课标II卷)I’m surely you’ll have a good time. 【答案】将surely改为sure 【解析】考查形容词。句意:我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子,此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。

高中英语形容词和副词精讲

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