2020年自考《西方行政学说史》习题及答案（卷一）
一、单选
1、关于行政道德有很多学者从不同角度进行定义，不过大多数的定义中最基本的一个要素是： A义务心
2、沃尔多看来，决定改革行政学特殊内涵的主要因素是美国国内改革运动和所谓的
A进步时期
3、沃尔多倾向于把公共行政定义为：应用于国家事务的： D艺术和科学
4、沃尔多的成名作是： B《行政国家》
5、沃尔多最看重的是韦伯的一下概念： B官僚结构
6、1971年，沃尔多发表了以下的论文集，该书收录的作为结束语的最后一篇论文堪称他的“成对选择”法的最完整的体现： C《骚动中的公共行政》
7、沃尔多认为古典学派对公共行政的看法有浓厚的哲学色彩，其主要内容是：
D.现实主义、功利主义和实证主义
8、折衷的行政观的代表人物沃尔多的代表作是： B.《行政国家》
9、沃尔多认为，古典学派在意识形态方面推崇： B.“美国使命”的思想
10、将公共行政定义为“应用于国家事务的一门艺术和科学”的学者是： C.沃尔多
11、折衷的行政观的代表人物是： B.沃尔多
12、在沃尔多看来，古典学派推崇民主的“美国使命”的思想，实现这一思想的前提是建立一个： D.高效率的政府
13、19世纪末期，美国国会通过的“彭德尔顿法”法案对原有的政党分赃制进行改革，实行了： C.“功绩制”的文官制度
14、作为一种教学形式和分析方法，沃尔多最擅长的是： A成对选择法
二、多选题
1、公共行政学古典学派的特点是：
A接受政治——行政二分法 B有一个通用的管理方向 C通过科学分析寻找行政管理的原则
D强调行政权威应该集中 E致力民主
2、沃尔多认为，讲授社会科学必须围绕以下基本问题：
A我们讲的是什么 B我们怎样去了解
D和什么进行比较 E我们所讲的东西有什么重要性
3、以下观点与沃尔多一致的有：
B将政治行政一分为二，既不符合客观现实又不会如预期的那样改进行政行为
C古典学派的学者们提出的真正问题是在多大程度上行政的功能可以介入决定价值和政策
E古典学派对各种组织的非理性、非正式的方面完全视而不见
4、沃尔多认为古典学派对公共行政的看法有浓厚的哲学色彩，
其主要内容是：
A现实主义 B功利主义 C实证主义
5、下列是关于沃尔多对韦伯的评价的是：
A韦伯已被视为传统体制的创建人、潜在的行为学者
B是一个披上伪装的形而上学理论家
C沃尔多最看重韦伯的关于官僚结构的概念
D韦伯把官僚结构的发展和人类文明的发展联系在一起
E韦伯是一个天才人物
6、下列对沃尔多对公共行政教育的贡献的是：
A在教育法方面的贡献颇丰
B最常用的分析方法是“成对选择法”
C案例分析是沃尔多对公共行政教育的又一贡献
D对公共行政硕士课程内容的设置，沃尔多也作了许多有益的贡献
E认为公共行政学具备双重身份：既是一门独立的学科，又可以称为政治学的一部分
一、单选
1、1964年，威尔达夫斯基出版的以下著作把预算政治中出现的种种不成文的规则和策略毫无顾忌地详加描述，在学政两界激起轩然大波：
A《预算过程的政治》
2、公共行政学的首要研究问题应该是： B官僚体制赖以建立的
精品自学考试资料推荐 全国 2019年 10月高等教育自学考试 综合英语（一）试题 课程代码： 00794 I .用适当语法形式或词汇填空。从 A 、 B 、 C 和 D 四个选项中选岀一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上 本大题共 30 小题，每小题 1 分，共 30 分） 1.This dress cost me （ ） the one I am wearing.A. twice as much as B. as twice much as C. as much twice as D. much as twice as 2.John suggested that we （ ） have the evening party this Sunday. A. didn't 4.John's never been to London. （ ） . 6.My sister has always regretted （ ） the opportunity to go to college. 7.I （ ）to attend a social gathering, but something came up. C. want D. have been wanting 8. Cynthia said that she was not feeling well, （ ） A. didn't she B. did she 9. （ ） is reported in today's newspaper, a medical team will be sent to the western area of the country. A. It B. Which C. That D. As 10. （ ）cold and windy, most children in the community stayed indoors. A. Being B. It being C. It was D. To be 11. Looking out of the window, （ ） outside. A. it was a young man B. there was a young man C. a young man was D. I saw a young man 将所选答案的字母涂黑。 C. wouldn't D. not to 3.Our team ） three matches so far this year, and we still have some more games to play. A. was winning B. has won C. wins D. had won B. not A. And hasn't Tom B. Nor Tom hasn't C. Neither has Tom D. Tom hasn't neither 5.I'm interested in （ ） you told me that day. A. all that B. which C. all what D. that A. not to take B. not take C. having not taken D. not having taken A. have wanted B. had wanted C. wasn't she D. was she
2014年10月高等教育自学考试英语（二）试卷 （课程代码00015） 本试卷满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1．本卷所有试卷必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2．第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。 3．第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫M黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 第一部分选择题 一、阅读判断（第1—10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题纸相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 The Stranger Who Changed My Life It was a sunny morning in the spring of 1966. I was driving a taxi, looking for a customer. While passing New York Hospital, I found a man running down the hospital steps, waving at me. I stopped. The man reached the taxi and jumped in. “The Airport, please,”he said. As always, I wondered about my passenger. Was this man a talker? After a few moments, he started saying, “How do you like driving a taxi?” “It’s OK” I said. “I make a living and meet interesting people sometimes.” “What do you do?” I asked. “I am a doctor at New York Hospital.” Many times during long rides, I’d developed a good relationship with my passengers and received very good advice from them. This time I decided to ask for his help. “Could I ask a favor of you?” He didn’t answer. “I have a son, 15, a good kid. He wants a job this summer. Is it possible that you get one for him?” He still wasn’t talking, and I was starting to feel foolish. Finally, he said, “Well, my students have a summer research project. Maybe he could join in. Have him send me his school record.” He left his address and paid me. It was the last time I ever saw him.
1999-2011 高等教育自学考试00012英语（一） 汉译英试题汇总 1999. 4 66. 讲座结束后，教授留出半小时时间让我们提问题。 After the lecture the professor set aside half an hour for us to ask questions 67. 他的成就与其说是由于机遇，不如说是由于他自身的努力。 His achievement is not so much due to opportunities as due to his own efforts. 68. 只要能按时完成任务，他不在乎用什么方法。 So long as he can finish the work in time, he does not care about how to do so. 69. 我们发现很难跟上科技领域的迅猛发展。 We found it difficult to keep pace with the rapid development in the field of science and technology. 70. 你是否参加我们的活动已无关紧要了。 It makes no difference whether you will take part in our activity.
2000. 4 66. 对初学者来说，用英语思维比说英语更难。比较级 It is more difficult for beginners to think in English than to speak it. 67. 据说有些吃鹿肉的原始人能跑得象鹿一样飞快。同级比较 It was said that some primitive people who ate deer could run as fast as a deer. 68. 要是昨天他早一点回到家，他的女儿就不会把他的手表拆了。虚拟语气 His daughter would mot have taken apart his watch if he had come home a little earlier yesterday. 69. 要找到与你观点相同的学生并不容易。定语从句 You wouldn’t have got into trouble if you had taken my advice. 70. 在你的朋友中有多少人从来未犯过法呢？ How many of your friends have never broken the law? 2000. 10 66. 研究表明大量喝酒的人更易得心脏病。 Studies show that people who drink a lot are more likely to
Ⅰ.语法和词汇填空。阅读下面的句子或对话，从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项的字母涂黑。(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1. He was educated at the local grammar school, after ______ he went on to Cambridge. A. when B. what C. which D. where 2. There’s no ______ to make an appointment. Just come to my office anytime after 10 in the morning. A. time B. need C. good D. chance 3. —Could I have a look at your essay to get a few ideas? —______ A. Sure. Why not? B. Yes, that’s right. C. Don’t mention it. D. That sounds great. 4. Even if you fail the first time, you should ______ trying. A. hold on B. go on C. work out D. carry out 5. A tall man walked into the bar in a woollen sweater, a jacket ____ at his waist. A. to tie B. tie C. ties D. tied 6. My father is a businessman and is often away from home. Sometimes I wish that he ______ making less money. A. will be B. has been C. were D. is 7. Technology has indeed had a direct ______ on our life today. A. change B. effort C. effect D. role 8. ______ you stop working for a while, you will be tired out. A. As B. Unless C. If D. When 9. Biological science should be developed to do good ______ harm to people. A. other than B. less than C. better than D. rather than 10.______ it was getting dark, we decided to stop at a hotel for the night. A. Since B. If C. Though D. That 11. The two boys look very much alike, but Robert is ______ one. A. the tallest B. the taller C. tall D. taller 12. The teacher, as well as three of his students, ______ taken an interest in traditional Chinese painting. A. is B. are C.has D. have 13. If I ______ harder at mathematics in school, I would have a much better chance of getting a good job. A. worked B. had worked C. were to work D. were working 14. Gone are the days ______ I was young and as strong as a horse.
2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二）试卷（课程代码：00015） 本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。 必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分：阅读判断（第1?10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 To Lease(租赁) or Not to Lease Planning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might have to buy a used Explorer, or buy a new but much less expensive model. A lease，therefore，allows you to drive the latest models of more expensive cars. However, whatever car you can afford to buy you get to keep it, and it will always have a resell or trade-in(以新旧换)value if you want to upgrade to a new car later. Furthermore, people who lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when the lease is over . Most leases limit you to a certain number of miles. If you go over that, you must pay for each mile. As a result, you may end up paying thousands of dollars in mileage(里程) fees. In addition, when you lease ,you have to pay for regular maintenance and repairs to the vehicle. Since you must return the car finally, you are paying to repair someone else's car.
2018年4月高等教育自学考试《英语（一）》试题 课程代码：00012 一、阅读判断 Finding Paradise (天堂) and Success in Retirement Ivy Singh and her husband had their retirement all planned out. They wanted to have a place with enough land to grow plants. The couple successfully found a proper place and turned it into a farm called Bollywood Veggies. "We came and had a look and we found paradise. We started Bollywood Veggies there and then," she says. The basic idea of starting the farm was to keep themselves busy in retirement. Mrs. Singh says it was never begun as a business. "We started this as a lifestyle project for retirement." The farm's produce includes beans, cabbage and other crops. Soon, more people found out about the farm. Visitors often asked whether the farm offered any food or drinks. So the couple started a restaurant and a food museum on the farm. As the farm changed from a retirement to a commercial project, Mrs. Singh sought new business opportunities. A key area was growing bananas. Given the popularity of bananas and their use in a range of food products, she saw great potential. The farm uses its crop to make products such as banana chips and bread. Mrs. Singh, driven by the success of the project, now wants to open a retirement home on the farm. She says the farm is a nice place for people who have retired. Mrs. Singh says she does not care much about the profit, because she is getting to live her dream while making a difference to society. 1. Ivy and her husband made a careful plan for retirement. A. True B. False C. Not Given 2. Before retirement, the couple were doing business on plants. A. True B. False C. Not Given 3. The couple started Bollywood Veggies for business purposes. A. True B. False C. Not Given 4. Cabbage was the first vegetable planted on the farm. A. True B. False C. Not Given 5. The couple opened a restaurant close to the farm. A. True B. False C. Not Given 6. Mrs. Singh planted bananas because they were very popular. A. True B. False C. Not Given 7. Visitors to the farm like its banana chips the best. A. True B. False C. Not Given 8. Mrs. Singh built a retirement home on the farm. A. True B. False C. Not Given 9. Mrs. Singh thinks the farm is a good place for retired people.
??????????????????????精品自学考试资料推荐?????????????????? 全国 2018 年 7 月自学考试综合英语（一）试题 课程代码： 00794 Ⅰ、词法和词汇。从 A 、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将所选答案的字母填在答题纸相应的位置上。（本大题共20 小题，每小题 1 分，共 20 分） 1 .Tom has three _____. A. brothers-in-law B. brother-in-laws C. brother-in-law D. brothers in law 2. Measles (麻疹 ) _____ a long time to get over. A. take B. takes C. spend D. spends 3. I caught the last bus from town; but Tom came home __ than I. A. more late B. more later C. even later D. the later 4. It _____ that the young Marine was not the old man ’ s son. A. turned out B. came to C. happened to D. looked out 5. The wind died ____ and it began to rain. A. off B. out C. up D. away 6. You shouldn ’ t take _____ of that child who knows nothing about it. A. chance B. advantage C. away D. benefit 7. In America, many white people are _____ the black people. A. prejudiced to B. prejudicing against C. prejudiced against D. prejudiced at 8. The soldier reported what he had seen to the general _____. A. an time B. upon time 1
2016年10月高等教育自学考试英语（二）真题 第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 Being ”Cool” in Middle School A new study shows that gentle and quiet kids in middle school will grow up to rule. Or, they’ll live healthier and more productive lives than the “cool” kids will. The study looked at 13-year-olds who acted old for their age by having “cool”behavior, such as early romantic relationships. They were seen as “cool” and popular kids. But as they grew up, things changed. The study found that these kids tended to have problems with drugs and relationships by their 20s. Their behavior was no longer linked with popularity. Instead, they were thought to be less socially skilled by their peers. Besides, the average “cool”kids, by age 22, did more poorly than the average kids in the study. They had a 45 percent greater rate of problems due to drugs and alcohol. They also had a 22 percent greater rate of criminal behavior. The study also found that these kids failed to develop important life skills. They spent so much time trying to seem cool. They didn’t
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork. A. persuade B .pursue C. persist D.proceed 2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions. A. obligation B.evidence C.transaction D.motivation 3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag. A.to B .for C.on D.at 4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media. A.request B.require C.inquire D.acquire 5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along. A.I realized B.did I realize C.I did realize D.realized I 6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer. A.appreciate B.admire C.enjoy D.like 7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year. A .importance B. attention C.significance D.popularity 8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes. A. that B.and C.hence D.as 9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. A.going through B.going in for C.going after D.going over 10.Decision on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is. A.putting out B.turning out C.working out D.running out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or 12 tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other 13 ．WHO says diseases linked to smoking kill 14 2,500,000 persons each year. Still, many people find it 15 stopping smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug. Its effects are 16 those of cocaine and heroin. "No Tobacco Day" is intended for smokers and 17 who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are urged to stop selling tobacco products for twenty-four hours. 18 are urged not to carry advertisements for cigarettes. WHO has approved plans to help reach its 19 of a "smoke-free" world. They urge governments to take action to help 20 make money by growing other crops. They also call for improved public information campaigns about the risks of smoking. 11. A. whether B. which C. when D. what
全国自考英语《综合英语一》历年真题详解 2015年全国自考《综合英语（一）》真题及详解 课程代码：00794 选择题部分 I. 语法和词汇填空。阅读下面的句子，从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项的字母涂黑。（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20） 1. Down about two hundred yards _____ three logs right across the stream. A. is B. are C. have D. has 【答案】B查看答案 【解析】句意：沿着溪流对面向下二百码的地方，有三根木头。方位副词down 位于句首，句子全部倒装，谓语动词与主语three logs保持一致，用复数形式。B项符合题意，故选B项。 2. She has always enjoyed reading newspapers, magazines and books, all of _____ have been of great help to her in television reporting. A. that B. them
D. which 【答案】D查看答案 【解析】句意：她一直都很喜欢阅读报纸、杂志和书籍，这些对她在电视上的报道有很大的帮助。两个句子都有谓语动词，且用逗号隔开，故为非限定性定语从句，只能用关系代词which引导。D项符合题意，故选D项。 3. The reason _____ his being late was that the flight he took had been delayed. A. of B. in C. for D. with 【答案】C查看答案 【解析】句意：他迟到的原因是航班延误了。the reason for 为固定搭配，表示“……的原因”。C项符合题意，故选C项。 4. Keep trying, and you’ll figure it out. You know _____ they say: if at first you don’t succeed, try, try again. A. why B. what C. how
自考英语一历年真题含答案解析目录 2016年4月自考英语（一）真题及答案 2015年10月自考英语（一）真题及答案 2015年4月自考英语（一）真题及详解 2014年10月自考英语（一）真题及详解 2014年4月自考英语（一）真题及详解 2013年10月自考英语（一）真题及详解 2013年4月自考英语（一）真题及详解 2013年1月自考英语（一）真题及详解 2012年10月自考英语（一）真题及答案 2012年7月自考英语（一）真题及详解 2012年4月自考英语（一）真题及答案 2012年1月自考英语（一）真题及答案 2011年10月自考英语（一）真题及答案 2011年7月自考英语（一）真题及答案 2011年4月自考英语（一）真题及答案 2011年1月自考英语（一）真题及答案 2010年10月自考英语（一）真题及答案 2010年7月自考英语（一）真题及答案
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全国2018年7月自考综合英语(一)试题 课程代码：00794 I. 用适当的语法形式或词汇填空。从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将其代码填在答题纸相应的位置上。(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1. I planned（）the task before last Sunday, but failed because of a bad cold. A. to finish B. to have finished C. finishing D. having finished 2. Tom has been writing letters all morning, but he should finish them by now,（）? A. has he B. hasn’t he C. should he D. shouldn’t he 3. We can make some changes in the plan（）you find anything improper. A. in case B. unless C. so that D. even though 4. The manner in which he talked reminded me（）his grandfather. A. in B. by C. of D. towards 5. He has made another wonderful discovery,（）of great importance to science. A. I think which it B. which I think is C. that I think is D. which I think it is 6. It’s 10∶00 a.m. Mr. Johnson（）home now, for he told me that he would meet me in his office at this time. A. must be B. mustn’t be C. can be D. can’t be 1
全国2019年10月高等教育自学考试 综合英语（一）试题 课程代码：00794 Ⅰ.用适当语法形式或词汇填空。从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将所选答案的字母涂黑。（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分） 1.This dress cost me（）the one I am wearing. A. twice as much as B. as twice much as C. as much twice as D. much as twice as 2.John suggested that we（）have the evening party this Sunday. A. didn’t B. not C. wouldn’t D. not to 3.Our team（）three matches so far this year, and we still have some more games to play. A. was winning B. has won C. wins D. had won 4.John’s never been to London.（）. A. And hasn’t Tom B. Nor Tom hasn’t C. Neither has Tom D. Tom hasn’t neither 5.I’m interested in（）you told me that day. A. all that B. which C. all what D. that 6.My sister has always regretted（）the opportunity to go to college. A. not to take B. not take C. having not taken D. not having taken 7.I（）to attend a social gathering, but something came up. A. have wanted B. had wanted C. want D. have been wanting 8.Cynthia said that she was not feeling well,（） A. didn’t she B. did she C. wasn’t she D. was she 9.（）is reported in today’s newspaper, a medical team will be sent to the western area of the country. A. It B. Which C. That D. As 10.（）cold and windy, most children in the community stayed indoors. A. Being B. It being C. It was D. To be 11.Looking out of the window, （）outside. A. it was a young man B. there was a young man C. a young man was D. I saw a young man 1