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粉丝文化入门手册(进阶篇)

粉丝文化入门手

华扬数字营销研究院

进阶篇

2019.08

/关于本次研究/

本次研究聚焦于演艺圈的偶像,主要为90后的年轻粉丝。研究以定性深访为

主,辅以对社交媒体粉丝群体的观察,本期为进阶篇。

01入门篇

粉丝的新角色

还记得入门篇的知识点吗?界定粉丝的三种标

准,粉丝群体的三大特征,营销应用中要关注的

四类粉丝。

年轻人如何饭爱豆

02进阶篇

本期,HDMR会深入讨论粉丝与偶像的关

系,粉丝在追星过程中的行为和想法,以及

饭圈文化。

学好本篇,就可以正式进入饭圈啦!

年轻人如何饭爱豆

进阶篇

【课前预习】【本节知识点】

【营销人加番】?资深韩饭的十年追星路?相互依存的粉丝与偶像?粉丝的生活方式

?传说中的饭圈

?营销启示与案例

资深韩饭小琪,别看她才20出头,已是韩国某男团十年的长情粉。作为人生的高光时刻,她把自己开站子、搞应援的经历写进了留学申请文书。

“从上小学开始喜欢这个男团,在电视上看到他们,就觉得,哇!好帅啊。”慢慢长大了,小琪开始关注他们的微博,发现喜欢他们的人很多,而且粉丝还有个圈子,“我在饭圈里面越看越多,越看越喜欢,然后就陷入这个死循环。”

上高二时,网上的小站子遍地开花,“我们也是其中之一,那时候看到一次九站联合应援做得特别好,当时我就拉了同学说,咱们白手起家建个站子吧!她直接就同意了”。

小琪讲起自己开站子的经历,笑称那时候就是个小傻丫头,一分钱没有就想开站子,找家长赞助,跟同学借钱,大概筹了5000多元就开张了。跟家长说的时候,没想到妈妈会很支持,“我妈觉得应该多做年轻人的事情,不要留遗憾”。

名词解释

站子

?指为某偶像开的一个网上应援站,现在主要以社交账号的形式存在。

?国内的站子一般是团队运营,发布的内容主要包括图片、消息、行程、周边以及代购专辑、应援等,各站子的侧重点会有所不同。

/资深韩饭的十年追星路/

/资深韩饭的十年追星路/

两个女生注册了站子的社交账号,几轮转发抽奖下来就吸引了100多个粉丝。除了日常转发、翻译偶像的资讯之外,她们主要靠卖周

边、代购专辑获得一些收入,比如在淘宝上花几毛钱做一些小扇子、卡贴、卡片之类放在一起做个福袋就能卖10元,代购专辑一张也能挣几十元。

“这个站子管理层就我和朋友两个人”,小琪颇有点自豪地介绍,站子工作人员大概有40人左右,大家来自于五湖四海,有的成员负责人肉背专辑,有人去演唱会现场拍图,接机送机,还有韩国留学生蹲公司的,画画写文的什么都有。人都是在站子里征集来的,大家平时主要靠线上联系。

那段时间,小琪每天都想着做站子的事情,既要关注评论反馈、联系外部资源,还要想办法挣钱还同学。一年多以后,站子的粉丝就涨到1000多人,成本也差不多回收了一半,这让两个高中生很有成就感。饭爱豆已经成为粉丝日常生活中的一部分,看似松散的粉丝通过各种大小站子形成了专业化、组织化的群体。

赶上北京演唱会要开,小琪觉得可以去攀一攀那些十几万粉的大站子,做联合应援的同时也可以涨涨粉。这次演唱会是男团中很多成员入伍前的最后一场巡演,所以很多大站子都参加了。“我们在现场做了拼字,效果特别好,黑灯的时候,亮起应援色的灯,偶像还拍照发了ins ,我就特别开心。最后,我去后台给爱豆递了一瓶水,他跟我说了话,简直就是人生巅峰!”

聊起这么多年饭爱豆的经历,小琪说有点“坎坷”,因为这个团经历了很多事

情,比如初期不被公司看好,火了以后成员又出现很多变故,包括粉丝之间不

团结。不过很多时候,小琪都会选择无条件信任爱豆。直到一个成员突然宣布结婚,小琪说很多粉丝真的不能接受,因为饭圈里认为“饭爱豆是信仰充值,爱豆是粉丝花钱砸出来的,所以爱豆干什么,都得经过粉丝的同意。”

/资深韩饭的十年追星路/

混日韩饭圈的粉丝清晰地意识到,偶像是他们供养的,他们有很大的责任与权利。

“看着这个男团从最开始,连一个正经团都不是,到后来一步一步打拼到那么火,再到现在虽然有点过气,但他们还是

很努力,他们的这种执着让我很喜欢”。

现在美国读大三的她,因为学业繁忙已经退出了站子的日常运营。“已经很少去看站子的运营情况,好像粉丝4万多了吧”,她带着几分少年老成的口气。不过聊到男团成员那些最新的梗,她又笑得停不下来。

虽然现实生活的压力很大,她也会爬别的爱豆墙头,但本命男团和站子会一直在她心里占据最重要的位置。在粉丝的想象中,他们与偶像之间形成了一种亲密的、陪伴式的关系。

/资深韩饭的十年追星路/

年轻人如何饭爱豆

进阶篇

【课前预习】【本节知识点】【营销人加番】?资深韩饭的十年追星路?

相互依存的粉丝与偶像

?粉丝定义的偶像?偶像的人设魅力?被鼓励的亲密关系?

参与式供养

?粉丝的生活方式

?传说中的饭圈

?

营销启示与案例

课前提问

?粉丝更看重偶像的什么?A.颜值B.才华

你认为粉丝更看重偶像的什么?

A. 颜值

B.才华

中国娱乐偶像的角色设定几经迭代,

90年代天王、天后式的英雄偶像,

2000年以后以超女为代表的草根偶像,

2010年代以TFBOYS为代表的养成系偶像,

在不断借鉴和自我摸索中,中国的娱乐偶像从培养模式到角色设定都在不断发展变化。

榜样

“榜样、被崇拜对象”,艾瑞的调查显示,60.6%的被访者认为追星的目的是“视TA 为榜样,想要学习/效仿”。在这种含义下,追星更加倡导正能量。

粉丝定义的偶像

粉丝喜欢的人

“他的身上有一些优点和魅力,恰巧是我喜欢,所以就是我的偶像了”。

持这种观点的粉丝更在乎自己的真情实感。

爱豆

认同日韩的职业化偶像定义,与英文“idol ”以及音译“爱豆”同义。

在这个含义之下,更强调偶像和粉丝都要遵守饭圈的相关规则,注重粉丝对偶像的支持。

偶像派

泛指颜值高的年轻艺人,经常与实力派相对。

偶像的含义是粉丝定义的,在年轻人的观念和语境里,偶像的含义呈现多元融合的状态。

在此次研究中,被访者提到的偶像至少包括以下几种含义:

数据来源:《中国青年人兴趣社交白皮书》,艾瑞咨询,2018.1

偶像的人设魅力

将偶像的颜值、性格、双商等某一个或某几个侧面提炼出来,突

出、放大就成为了“人设”。在粉丝的眼中,偶像需要有人设魅

力。

“人设”并不是真实的反义词,而是偶像职业化的一面,

也是偶像与粉丝共同认可的想象,从而达成欣赏的共识。

粉丝们习惯在熟悉的人设下愉快的玩耍,一旦人设崩坍,他们就

会产生严重的认知失调,以致于脱粉。

一维属性

必备属性

魅力属性

非常好非常不好

喜欢

不喜欢

用户态度属性表现

简化KANO 模型图

必备属性:颜值

粉丝认为“颜值能打”是偶像必须具备的属性,颜值不高很难圈粉。

一维属性:业务能力/才华、努力认真

偶像的业务能力越强、越努力认真,粉丝就更喜欢,反之则越不满意。

魅力属性:平等亲切、有鲜明特点

平等亲切的偶像让粉丝受宠若惊,有鲜明特点的偶像让粉丝眼前一亮、印象深刻,这些都是超出粉丝预期的魅力属性,有则加分,没有也不会减分。

偶像的人设魅力

“盛世美颜一眼万年”

颜值

——

始于颜值,陷于才华,忠于人品,这句饭圈流行语在呈现喜欢偶像的理由时

有一定合理性。首先,高颜值确实是最容易打动粉丝的点,这种直接

的感官愉悦适用于所有粉丝,即使是才华粉,也认为颜值美好很重要。

在欧美、日韩等海外文化的影响下,中国年轻人对性别角色的固有看法

已有明显松动,帅气、精致、萌、可爱都不再是专属于某一个性别的形容

词。对于年轻人来说,偶像的造型可娘可Man,可柔可刚,可甜可盐,多元

化的选择和任意切换的自由带给他们更多乐趣。

值得注意的是,对于收藏了几百张、几千张偶像照片的粉丝来说,他们了解

偶像的颜哪里最好看,比如眼睛、下巴还是手,他们也非常了解怎么能把偶

像拍得更好看。在正式的营销传播中,粉丝对偶像的颜值展现有很高

期待。

业务能力——

粉丝对偶像的业务能力比较宽容,他们更愿意用“优秀的普通人”来要求偶像,

业务能力上达到一定门槛就好。

正是由于这种心理预期,使得很多粉丝会因为偶像的演技、唱功、舞蹈、创作等方面的能力而入坑,或者是越来越喜爱,所谓“陷于才华”,更关注业务能力也是粉丝喜爱程度加深的标志。如果是作品带动了偶像、特别是演员类,就会出现大量的“剧粉”,粉丝更喜欢的是偶像扮演的角色,如果没有持续的、好的作品,剧粉并不会形成持久的喜爱。

“业务能力持续在线”

认真努力——

偶像的优秀更多体现在努力、认真、坚持的态度上

,就像小琪在访谈

中所提到的“看着这个男团从最开始,连一个正经团都不是,到后来一步一

步打拼到那么火,再到现在虽然有点过气但还是很努力,他们的这种执着让

我很喜欢”。

另一位粉丝也提到“我喜欢的男团在演出时,一首比一首的难度和体力消耗

都更强烈,但就算是这样他们还是会坚持开麦唱歌”。

“努力的人会发光”

平等亲切

——

偶像不再是高高在上的巨星,平等而亲切的偶像会更受欢迎。偶像的言行举止不用太完美,有些小瑕疵显得真实,比如有的偶像有才华但比较内向,有的偶

像明明颜值高却喜欢发自拍丑照等等,更容易使普通粉丝有更真实的感觉。

偶像的呵护会让粉丝更加着迷。

就像一首偶像专门为粉丝创作的歌中所表达

的,偶像知道粉丝的辛苦和不易,只要粉丝呼唤,他们就会陪在身边,让粉丝非

常感动。

“亲切如你,真实如你”

鲜明特点——

偶像们更愿意突出自己的性格特点

得到粉丝的喜爱,比如情商高、幽默、有小个性等等。

偶像们也会突出某个缺点拉近与粉丝的距离。一位喜欢日本女团的粉丝说:“比起她们颜值和表演,我更喜欢看她们从一个默默无闻的人,在一个几十个人的团里变成受关注的那一个。除了Top (女团中人气比较高的几个人),很多人必须要拿出来一点特质能让大家记住,比如塑造成一个吃货、一个很丑的定位。”

“不怕有缺点,就怕没特点”

被鼓励的亲密关系

多年前国外的心理学家就发现,粉丝与偶像之间存在一种“虚拟的关系与联结”,称之为准社会关系(Para-social relationship),在这样的关系中,粉丝可以将自己对亲密关

系所有的幻想和期许都投射在“偶像”之上。比如,很多女粉丝会把偶像想象成男友,把低龄偶像想象成弟弟或者儿子,因此她们会自称女友粉、姐姐粉和妈妈粉。

在传统的偶粉关系中,亲密关系幻想更多来自于粉丝的单相思,而在当下偶像文化中,这种想象的亲密关系得到鼓励,并通过偶像与粉丝的双向互动得到加强。

超爱偶像撩粉,就像男朋友对女朋友一

样。比如在机场,他请粉丝让开一条通道

时会说“乖”,演唱会时会把唇膏涂一下

然后扔到台下。虽然我知道不可能成为他

的女友,但哪个女生不喜欢被宠爱呢?

95后女生

美容师

——

我喜欢一个日本女团,第一次去握手会时

说了自己的名字,然后隔了很久再去握手

会,发现喜欢的偶像还能记住我的名字,

觉得很神奇,也很感动。

90后男生

程序员

——

“银河璀璨,星光灿烂,唯你牵动心弦”

被鼓励的亲密关系

很多偶像人设都会加入特定的亲密关系元素,比如“Man”、“可爱”、“萌”、“暖”、“奶”、“霸道总裁”等等。

粉丝会从官方提供的内容和物料中,捕捉需要的元素形成自

己的亲密关系想象,比如女友粉,就会找到一些很MAN,很

有男友力的元素,妈妈粉就会聚焦一些很可爱、很少年的元素。参考资料:《粉丝与偶像:我该如何竭力去爱你?》,公众号:野兽采访,2018年2月

95后女生

职场新人

——

我喜欢的韩国组合成员人都很有趣,比如A

成员平时特别酷,但是人多了就特别害羞

不爱说话,变得特别奶。B成员平时就很会

做料理,在宿舍就经常照顾大家;C成员看

起来小小的一只,大家都宠着他;D成员

会是一只大狼狗又是哈士奇,奶的时候特

别奶,蠢的时候也特别傻……

“人帅心善,男友力MAX”

最新欧洲文化入门复习资料

Part I Directions: Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked [ A ], [ B ], [ C ] and [ D] are given. Choose the one which best completes the statement or answers the question by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. ****** 1 ****** 1. _________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotional upheaval. A. Sophists B. Cynics C. Skeptics D. Epicureans 2. _________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: "Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world." A. Archimedes B. Aristotle C. Plato D. Euclid 3. Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northem tribes such as Goths, the West Roman Empire finally collapsed in _________ A. 395 B. 27 C. 1453 D. 476 4. The City of God was written by ________, the most important of all the leaders of Christian thought. A. Jesus B. Augustine C. Thomas Aquinas D. Martin Luther 5. _________ was a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician, an engineer, and a scientist----- a Renaissance man in the true sense of the word. A. Michelangelo B. Raphael C. Shakespeare D. Leonardo Da Vinci 6. In _______, Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time, the romance of chivalry. A. Don Quixote B. Hamlet C. Leviathan D. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe 7. The best- known book written by Thomas More is ________ , which describes an ideal non-Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in common, possesses a good knowledge of Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom in religious belief. A. The Praise of the Folly B. As You Like It C. Divine Comedy D. Utopia 8. ________, author of Prince, is regarded as "father of political science" in the West. A. Machiavelli B. Dante C. Bacon D. Locke

完整版欧洲文化入门参考资料

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Division One I.有可能出的填空,选择题及判断题的内容: . 1.European Culture is composed of _____________ and _____________________ as two major elements. 2.Greek culture reached its high point of development /climax in __________ (century). 3.All Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, King of Macedon in _________(century). 4.In _______, the Romans conquered Greece. 5.Homer wrote __________ and _____________, two famous epics. 6.______________ is called “Father of History” in Greek Culture, who wrote the wars between ____________ and ________________________. 7.The famous writer who wrote comedy in Greek culture is named ______________. 8.“The great historian that ever lived” is said to praise _____________________(name). 9.The Dialectal Method is put forward by___________. 10.Academy was established by ______________________, whose philosophy is called ____________________. 11.Lyceum was established by _______________. 12.Leader of the Cynics is ____________________, and “cynic” means _____________. 13.The most important thing in life to the Stoics is _________________. 14.Elements, a textbook of geometry, was written by ___________. 15.The famous temples in ancient Greece are ____________________ and ______________. 16.The Romans enjoyed two hundred years of peaceful time, known as ________________. 17.In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved the

欧洲文化入门-中文版

《欧洲文化入门》的考试大致包括以下几种题型:四选一,填空,判断,简答题,名词解释,论述题。 选择题:这种题型可考查考生的记忆、理解、判断、推理分析,综合比较,鉴别评价等多种能力,评分客观,故常被应用。在答题时,如果能瞬时准确地把正确答案找出来最好,假如没有把握,就应采用排除法,即应从排除最明显的错误开始,把接近正确答案的备选项留下,再分析比较强以逐一否定最终选定正确答案。 填空题:这种题型常用于考核考生准确记忆的“再现”能力,在答题时,无论有几个空,回答都应明确、肯定,不能含糊其辞,填空题看似容易实则难,最好的应对办法是对英语语言知识中最基本的知识、概念、原理等要牢记。 名词解释:这种题型一般针对英语专业自考本科段课程中的基本概念、专业名词进行命题,主要考核考生的识记、理解能力。在答题时,答案要简明、概括、准确,如分值较大,可简要扩展。 简答题:这种题型一般围绕基本概论、原理及其联系进行命题,着重考核考生对概念、史实、原理的掌握、辨别和理解能力。在答题时,既不能像名词解释那样简单,也不能像论述题那样长篇大论,答案要有层次性,列出要点,并加以简要扩展就可以。 论述题:这种题型一般从试卷编制的全局出发,能从体现考试大纲中的重点内容和基本问题的角度来命题,着重考核考生分析、解决实际问题的能力,考核考生综合应用能力和创见性。在答题时,要仔细审题,列出答案要点,然后对要点逐一展开叙述,此时考生应发挥自己的真知灼见,要在深度,广度上下功。如果对哪些要点把握不大,时间又不允许多考虑,那就宁可多答一些要点,但应避免把不能说明问题或者与答案相矛盾的东西都写上。充分认识本课程的知识点的庞杂性,力求以乐观、耐心、仔细和勤奋的态度投入学习。 要研究欧洲发展的历史,我们要仅仅抓住两条线索。一条是社会文化发展线索,那就是希腊和罗马文化历史。另一条则是精神宗教形成线索,即犹太教和基督教历史。正如,想精通中国文化必先熟知孔夫子和道家文化一样。下面我们将分章节进行综述。在每章综述的最后,会有一两道重要的问答题分析。每章还会附有一些练习题,希望大家好好做一做。 好,下面我们开始分章讲述。 第一章希腊罗马文化 希腊罗马文化可以说是欧洲文明的起源,所以这一章节应该是比较重要的章节。我们先看希腊的发展。 希腊文明分为几个时期,她形成于公元前800-500年,经历了古典时代(也就是公元前500到公元前336年)和希腊化时代(也就是公元前336年到公元前31年)。希腊文明达到顶峰是公元前5世纪。公元前146年,希腊被罗马攻克。希腊文明也就被罗马文明所取代。 这段历史的重要大事有: 1、公元前12世纪,随着特洛伊人的入侵,希腊堕入“黑暗时代”。荷马史诗描述的正是希腊人与特洛伊人之间的战争(《以利亚特》和《奥得赛》)。这里要注意的是,荷马史诗描述的时代并非荷马生活的时代。荷马生活在公元前700年。 2、公元前6世纪,希腊世界开始有了全面改变,为后来的古典时代打开了通途。其中两个重要的城邦国家是雅典和斯巴达。雅典发展起一个完全不同类型的社会,公元前594年,梭伦成为雅典的首席执行官,他的贡献在于,在组织上为以后建立著名的雅典民主奠定了基础。雅典之所以在当时拥有卓越的地位,是因为它在打败庞大的波斯帝国这场重大战争中起了最主要的作用。历史之父希罗多德在他的历史书中进行了详尽的描述。 3、由于雅典的不断扩张引起了斯巴达的恐慌,因而在公元前431年爆发了伯罗奔尼撒战争。

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