新世纪综合单元测试——Unit 1 Book 1
Listening Comprehension
Spot Dictation
Directions:You will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 11-20 with the exact words you have just heard. When the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have wri tten. (10 points)
Language is a set of 11 for communicating. It is considered to be an exclusively human mode of communication. Although other animals make use of quite sophisticated 12 , none of these are known to make use of the 13 that linguists use to 14 language. In Western Philosophy, language has long been 15 with reason, a uniquely hum an way of using symbols. The English word "language", 16 ultimately from lingua, Latin for 17 , typically refers only to expressions of reason which can be understood by other people. Written languages use symbols to build words. The entire set of words is 18 . The ways the words can be meaningfully combined are defined by the language's syntax (句法) and 19 . The actual meaning of words and the 20 of words are defined by the language's semantics (语义学).
11.simple https://www.doczj.com/doc/8c8108110.html,municate 13.promplem 14.find https://www.doczj.com/doc/8c8108110.html,ed 16.devide 17.time 18. vocabuiary 19.grammer https://www.doczj.com/doc/8c8108110.html,plation
Reading Comprehension
Directions: There are two passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices. Click on the best choice. (20 points)
Passage One
Culture is the total sum of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.
To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy(等级) among languages.
People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which are usually fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either
by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own systems. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in "backward" languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness ("this" and "that"); some languages or the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or remote from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.
This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.
21.The languages of uncivilized groups as compared with Western languages are limited in _______.
A. sound patterns
B. grammatical structures
C. vocabularies
D. both B) and C)
22. The author says that professional linguists recognize that _______.
A. Western languages are superior to Eastern languages
B. all languages came from grunts and groans
C. the hierarchy of languages is difficult to understand
D. there is no hierarchy of languages
23. The article states that grunt-and-groan forms of speech are found _____.
A. nowhere today
B. among the Australian aborigines
C. among Eastern cultures
D. among people speaking "backward" languages
24. According to the author, languages, whether civilized or not, have _____.
A. the potential for expanding vocabulary
B. the same sound pattern
C. no ability to transfer ideas
D. complex structures
25. Which of the following is implied in the passage?
A. The study of language has shaken people's belief in anthropological studies.
B. The study of language has reinforced anthropologists in their view that there is no hierarchy among cultures.
C. The study of language is the sam e as the study of anthropology.
D. The study of language casts a new light upon the claim of anthropologists.
Passage Two
I've been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.
Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.
The practice that can help you get rid of your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls "free writing". In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15 to 20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let them selves be captured on your notepad or your screen.
Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you've persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad they are. Halfway through your available time, stop and rework your raw writing into som ething closer to the finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.
26. When the author says the creative mind and the critica l mind "cannot work in parallel" (Para. 1) in the writing process, he means ____.
A. no one can be both creative and critical
B. they cannot be regarded as equally important
C. they are in constant conflict with each other
D. one cannot use them at the same time
27. What prevents people from writing on is _____.
A. putting their ideas in raw form
B. attempting to edit as they write
C. ignoring grammatical soundness
D. trying to capture fleeting thoughts
28. What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing?
A. To organize one's thoughts logically.
B. To choose an appropriate topic.
C. To get one's ideas down.
D. To collect raw materials.
29. One common concern of writers about "free writing" is that ______.
A. it overstresses the role of the creative mind
B. it takes them too much time to edit afterwards
C. it may bring about too much criticism
D. it does not help them to think clearly
30. In what way does the critical mind help a writer in the writing process?
A. It refines his writing into better shape.
B. It helps him to come up with new ideas.
C. It saves the writing time available to him.
D. It allows him to sit on the side and observe.
Vocabulary and Structure
Directions: Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.(60 points)
31. He ____ that he could finish the job without any help.
A. claimed
B. demanded
C. required
D. denounced
32. He made ____ to your rem arks at the last meeting.
A. progress
B. money
C. reference
D. referee
33. He's the manager's son but that doesn't ____ him to criticise my work.
A. qualify
B. lead
C. promise
D. qualified
34. The skilled carpenter worked ____ to finish the job quickly.
A. effectively
B. sufficiently
C. extremely
D. efficiently
35. A(n) ____ of using the solar energy is that it won't create any pollution.
A. disadvantage
B. advantage
C. profit
D. interest
36. Spanish is ____ useful in Europe as a language of commerce.
A. extremely
B. drastically
C. radically
D. exactly
37. It may be safely ____ that there is no animal life on Mars.
A. assembled
B. assisted
C. assumed
D. assigned
38. The numerical values available in Newton's time were not highly ____.
A. precious
B. precise
C. right
D. correct
39. What is the Chinese ____ of the word "victory"?
A. equivalent
B. equality
C. equator
D. equipment
40. The unemployment figures are not necessarily ____ to the rise in price.
A. regulated
B. related
C. relaid
D. released
41. Language is a ____ for the expression of thought.
A. mode
B. means
C. measurement
D. mood
42. His nationality isn't ____ to whether he is a good lawyer.
A. relevant
B. relative
C. reliable
D. real
43. Business declined to such a(n) ____ that the company had to close up.
A. part
B. content
C. extent
D. method
44. The experiment failed. It was, nevertheless, ____ making.
A. worthy
B. worth
C. worthwhile
D. worthless
45. He could barely keep body and soul together, ____ support his family.
A. let in
B. let down
C. let alone
D. let out
46. No attempt has been made to ____ a complete bibliography of these writings.
A. provide
B. secure
C. ensure
D. inform
47. Computer magnetic tape is very ____ to that used on an ordinary tape recorder.
A. different
B. same
C. similar
D. separate
48. He is an ____ boy, but he is very unsure of himself.
A. intellectual
B. industrious
C. intelligence
D. integrity
49. ____ and disorder might well spread throughout the entire Middle East.
A. Contempt
B. Confusion
C. Conference
D. Conjunction
50. A matter of repeated occurrence like this will not ____ people.
A. asset
B. hold back with
C. astonish
D. distinguish
51. He craned his neck to get a ____ of the parade.
A. cast
B. glimpse
C. stare
D. glare
52. He was a boring nuisance! I'm glad to be ____ of him.
A. get
B. ride
C. desert
D. rid
53. These defects can be brought out by the following ____.
A. illumination
B. illustration
C. illusion
D. impact
54. ____ I told him that Mr. Smith knew why he was fired.
A. It is not until
B. It is until
C. It was not until
D. It was until
55. The boys often finish their homework first before they go out and play, and ____.
A. nor does my daughter
B. so does my daughter
C. my daughter doesn't too
D. my daughter is too
56. ____ your advice, I would have made no mistake about it.
A. If I took
B. If had I taken
C. I had taken
D. Had I taken
57. ____ the content is concerned, the book is worth reading.
A. As far as
B. As long as
C. As good as
D. As well as
58. Laser is ____ an important discovery ____ it finds wide application in modern physics.
A. so...that
B. such...as
C. such...that
D. the same...as
59. Standing on the bank, the children watched the boat ____ with medical supplies.
A. loading
B. having loaded
C. have loaded
D. being loaded
60. Whenever we ____ with our studies, our teachers help us patiently.
A. have pleasure
B. have convenience
C. have trouble
D. have a talk
电流和电路单元测试题 一、选择题 1、无需电源电压的转换设备，能直接在家庭电路220伏电压下正常工作的用电器是 A．手机B．手电筒C．电视机D．电视机遥控器 2、以下电路图与右边的实物图一致的是（） 3、如图所示电路中，当开关S1、S2均闭合后，则（） A．L1、L2都能发光B．L1、L2都不能发光 C．Ll能发光，L2不能发光D．Ll不能发光，L2能发光 4、如图所示，当开关S闭合时，两只小灯泡能同时发光的正确电路是（） 5、以下电路图中，电流表连接正确的是（） A． C．D． B． 接线柱位置没有接错)，这样做的结果将是( ) A．指针摆动角度变小了B．指针反方向摆动 C．指针摆动的角度变大了，电流表可能被损坏D．指针不动 7、小张家的卫生间按如图所示的电路安装了照明灯和换 气扇，它们（） A．只能各自独立工作，而不能同时工作 B．只能同时工作，而不能各自独立工作 C．工作时通过的电流一定相等 D．工作时两端的电压一定相等 8．如图所示，a、b、c、d为电路中的四个接线点，若用电流表测量通过小灯泡的电流强度，则电流表的M、N接线柱与电路中各接线点的连接关系为（） A．M接a、N接b B．M接d、N接c C．M接b、N接a D．M接c、N接d
9、小轿车的仪表盘上，有一个显示汽车车门关闭状况的指示灯。只要四个车门中有一个没关闭（此时装在车门上的电路开关处于断开），指示灯就发光提醒。下面四个电路中，能体现该装置工作原理的是 10、如图L l和L2是两只完全相同的灯泡，当电流表A l的示数为04A时，电流表A2、A3的示数分别是( ) A．04A，04A B．08A，08A C．04A, 08A D．08A，04A 二、填空题 11、360μA＝__________mA＝_________A ; 12、生活中的物理：我们经常在加油站看到一条醒目的标语“严禁用塑料桶装运汽油”。这是因为桶内汽油会不断与桶壁摩擦，使塑料桶_________。 13、如左下图所示，将废灯泡的灯芯接入电路中时，电流表的指针并不偏转；当用酒精灯对灯芯的玻璃柱加热一段时间后，会发现电流表的指针_________，这表明绝缘体在一定条件下会变成_________。 14、如右上图所示，通过小灯泡的电流方向是_________，通过小灯泡的自由电子定向移 动的方向是_________。（选填“向左”或“向右”） 15、图所示是一把既能吹冷风，又能吹热风的电吹风的简化电路，图中A是吹风机，B是电 热丝。将插头插入插座，若只闭合开关Sl，电吹风吹出的是____风；若将开关Sl、S2都闭合， 电吹风吹出的是____风。（填“热”或“冷”） 16．如图所示电路中，当________闭合时，L1、L2并联；当_________闭合时，电路会发生短路，损坏电源。16、如左下图所示，甲图中的两个灯泡是_________（填“串联”或“并联”），用乙图中的水流可以类比该电路中的_________。 17、如 右上图所示， 是实验室中常用的一种仪表的示意图。 请写出你从图中得到的两条信息：
测试方案编写模板 状态：草稿标识号：PISCMM_TEM_SPE_002 评审当前版本：1.3 初始版前一版本：1.2 修订版发布日期： 密级无密级秘密绝密 修改历史 名词释义 Template(模板)：一类特殊的文档，可提供构造最终文档的基本工具，任何Microsoft Word 文档都是以模板为基础的。模板决定文档的基本结构和文档设置，例如自动图文集词条、字体、快捷键指定方案、宏、菜单、页面布局、特殊格式和样式。双击模板文件即可新建基于模板的文件。 编写者在这里说明测试方案中的相关术语和缩略词。
目录 名词释义2 1概述 3 1.1编写目的 (3) 1.2读者对象 (3) 1.3项目背景 (3) 1.4测试目标 (3) 1.5参考资料 (3) 2测试配置要求3 2.1网络环境 (3) 2.1.1 网络硬件 (3) 2.1.2 网络软件 (3) 2.2服务器环境 (3) 2.2.1 服务器硬件 (3) 2.2.2 服务器软件 (3) 2.3工作站环境 (3) 2.3.1 工作站硬件 (3) 2.3.2 工作站软件 (3) 2.4测试手段 (3) 2.5测试数据 (3) 2.6测试策略 (3) 2.7测试通过准则 (3) 3软件结构介绍3 3.1概述 (3) 3.2整体功能模块介绍 (3) 3.3整体功能模块关系图 (3) 3.4系统外部接口功能模块关系图 (3)
3.5系统内部接口功能模块关系图 (3) 4单元测试用例3 4.1XX系统 (3) 4.1.1XX子系统 (3) 4.1.2XX子系统 (3) 4.2XX系统 (3) 4.2.1XX子系统 (3) 5集成测试用例3 5.1系统外部接口测试 (3) 5.1.1 与XX系统接口测试 (3) 5.1.2 与YY系统接口测试 (3) 5.1.3 与ZZ系统接口测试 (3) 5.2系统内部接口测试 (3) 5.2.1 子系统内部功能模块接口测试 (3) 5.2.2 子系统之间接口测试 (3) 6系统测试用例3 6.1病毒测试 (3) 6.2用户界面测试 (3) 6.2.1 用户界面测试用例1 (3) 6.2.2 用户界面测试用例2 (3) 6.2.3 用户界面测试用例n (3) 6.3性能测试 (3) 6.3.1 性能测试用例1 (3) 6.3.2 性能测试用例2 (3) 6.3.3 性能测试用例n (3) 6.4强度测试 (3) 6.4.1 强度测试用例1 (3) 6.4.2 强度测试用例2 (3)
Unit Two Optimism and Positive Thinking Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ■ Working with Words and Expressions 1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■ Answers: positive startled perspective harden shape address crises curse incredible 10) conversely 11) issue 12) response 13) prior 14) rare 15) accomplish 2. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ■ Answers: get the hang of have lived through makes a difference have no idea concerned with slipped over ran into in reverse mull over ■ I ncreasing Your Word Power 1. D ecide whether “do ”, “make ”or “take ”is needed to complete each of the following sentences. Change the verb form where necessary. ■ A nswers: does make take do make Take done taken making ))))))))) ))))))))) ))))))))) 10) took
K e y s U n i t Vocabulary I. event 2. refill their hearts and minds with their cultural traditions 6. The reason he resigned is still unknown. 7. I remember the morning he first came to school. 8. I 'll never forget the day we first met. III. more formal f less formal: 2, 3, 1; 4, 6, 5. IV. 1. When Mrs. Brown arrived home, she found that her flat had been robbed and all her silver had been taken. Enquires were made by the police to find out possible clues. The burglar hasn 't been caught yet but he is expected to be arrested before long. 3. the American beliefs, values and loyalties 4. true demonstration of what happened 5. brief experience or idea 6. live in the way of II. 1. took pride in 2. was immersed in with 4. h ad … been exposed to 5. in his mind of 7. convey … to III. 1. fluency obtainable 5. personification promptly 8. turned 2. enrollment 3. resonating …to 3. ' s eye 4. 6. enlightenment 7. globalization 8. IV. C, B, A, C, C, D, D, C V. 1. education instruction, accessible 3. tale, story 5. begin, start, commence 7. comfort, relaxation, ease VI. 1. literature 5. quickly Grammar I. 1. why 5. where illumination 2. 6. a glimpse available, attainable, 2. joined 6. has 2. where 6. where 4. harmless, auspicious 6. tackle, face, handle 8. immigrate 3. motionless 4. more than 3. when 7. why 4. where 8. when II. 1. Sam knows where we are meeting. 2. / 3. Four o ' clock in the afternoon is the time he always reads. /Four in the afternoon is when he always reads. 4. /
电流和电路单元测试卷（解析版） 一、初三物理电流和电路易错压轴题（难） 1．在探究“并联电路各支路中的电流与干路电流的关系”时，小明同学在实验室选取：电流表3只，灯泡2只，开关1个，干电池，导线若干． （1）请你帮助小明设计一个能够同时测量出支路和干路电流的电路，把你设计的实验电路图画在方框内． （______） （2）小明同学按照电路图连接实物，把最后一根导线连接完毕后，看到灯泡立即发光，一个电流表指针向零刻度的左边偏转．小亮认为在实验操作中有两处错误，其中一处是 _____，还有一处是_____． （3）小明排除故障后开始实验，正确得出电流表示数如表 实验次数I1/A I2/A I3/A 1 0.100.20 0.30 分析表格中的数据，小明发现并联电路干路中的电流和支路中的电流关系是_____（可用字母表达式表示）．但为了使实验结论更具科学性，请你提出一条合理化建议：_____． 【答案】连接电路的过程中，开关没有断开电流表的接线柱接 反了 I3=I1+I2更换不同的灯泡进行多次实验 【解析】 【分析】 （1）连接电路时，开关应断开；（2）电流表串联在电路中，电流要正进负出；（3）多次实验找出普遍性规律； 【详解】 (1)从电源正极依次串联开关、灯泡L1、电流表A1、电流表A回到电源负极，然后将灯泡L2和电流表A2串联后并联在灯泡L1和电流表A1两端，如下图所示：
(2)把最后一根导线连接完毕后，看到灯泡立即发光，说明连接电路的过程中，开关没有断开；一个电流表指针向零刻度的左边偏转，说明电流表的接线柱接反了． （3）由表中数据分析可以知道，并联电路中干路电流等于各支路电流之和，即I3=I1+I2 一组实验数据具有偶然性，要得到普遍规律，需多次实验得到多组实验数据，因此需更换不同的灯泡进行多次实验． 2．如图是一个模拟交通路口红绿灯工作的实验电路，请你用笔画线代替导线，只添加两根导线，实物电路图补充完整．要求：红灯亮时，黄灯和绿灯都不亮；当红灯灭时，黄灯和绿灯可以分别亮一盏． 【答案】 【解析】 由题意知红灯亮时，黄灯和绿灯都不亮；当红灯灭时，黄灯和绿灯可以分别亮一盏．说明三盏灯互不影响，也就是说三盏灯是并联；结合实物图，S1是控制红灯和黄灯；S2控制绿灯和黄灯，故连接电路图如图． 3．（一）用下图所示的装置探究摩擦力跟接触面粗糙程度的关系。 （1）实验时，用弹簧测力计水平拉动木块，使它沿长木板做运动，根据知识，从而测出木块与长木板之间的滑动摩擦力。
2. (1) obtain (2) confident (3) communicate (4) advantage (5) relevant (6) helpful (7) extreme (8) enjoyable (9) means (10) process (11) particularly (12) characters (13) astonished (14) apparently 3. (1) fond of (2) is…related to (3) according to (4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt (7) rid… of (8) cleare d up (9) or else (10) at all costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone (13) similar to (14) It’s no use (15) in my opinion (16) was worth (II)Increasing Your Word Power 1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b (5) b (6) d 2. (1) highly/very (2) quite/very (3) quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very 3. 4.No Mistake especial→ especially
necessarily → necessary frequent → frequently No Mistake ea sily → easy No Mistake i ndividually → individual m uch → many h igh → highly a pparently → apparent r emarkably → remarkable p robable → probably No Mistake (III)Grammar Task 1: (1)would/should (2) should/would (3) might (4) would (5) must (6) can’t (7) should would (8) must Task 2: (1)We passed the afternoon very pleasantly, roller-skating in the sun and talking about our childhood under a tree. / The afternoon passed very pleasantly, while we roller-skated in the sun and talked about our childhood under a tree. (2)On entering the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd. / When I entered the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd. (3)When I was only a small boy, my father took me to Beijing and we had a lot of fun together. (4)To write well, a person must read good books. (IV)Cloze (1) doubt (2) efficient (3) where (4) advantage (5) afford (6) claim (7) fluently (8) qualified (9) extent (10) ridiculous (11) perfect (12) as (13) because (14) individual (V)Translation 1. Translate the sentences (1) The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk. (2) Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie. (3) To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. (4) According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game.
新世纪大学英语系列教程第2版课后题答案-综合教程 新世纪大学英语系列教程第2版综合教程课后题答案 Unit One Living in Harmony Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ▆ Working with Words and Expressions
1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers: bunch 1)amazed 2)shift 3)bundle 4)drop 5)capacity 6)participating 7)style 8)commerce 9)rob 10)symbol 11)appreciated 12)displayed 13)slip 14)conquer 15)roast 16)figured 17) 2.In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ▆ Answers:
九年级物理电流和电路单元测试卷（解析版） 一、初三物理电流和电路易错压轴题（难） 1．某小组同学通过自学得知：在两种金属组成的回路中，如果使两个接触点的温度不同，便在回路中将会出现电流．为了验证和探究其中规律，该小组利用铁丝和铜丝两种导线组成图（a）所示的闭合回路，并将相连的两个交叉点A、B分别置于烧杯中和酒精灯上方．做了如图（a）、（b）、（c）、（d）所示的四次实验．请仔细观察图中的装置、操作和现象，归纳得出初步结论． （1）分析比较图中（a）（b）两图中的装置、操作和现象，归纳得出初步结论：当相互连接的两种金属丝的材料不变时，接触点之间的温度差越小，电路中的电流________．（2）分析比较图中（a）（c）两图[或（b）（d）两图]，发现当相互连接的两种金属丝的材料相同，金属导线接触点之间的温度差也相同，且用酒精灯对金属导线中部进行加热时，闭合回路中的电流表示数________（选填“变大”、“不变”或“变小”）．据此可得出初步结论：当相互连接的两种金属丝的材料相同，金属导线接触点之间的温度差也相同时，电路中的电流大小与金属导体中部温度高低________． 【答案】越小不变无关 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 (1)比较a、b两次实验可知,当相互连接的两种金属丝的材料不变时,(a)中冰水混合物与酒精灯火焰的温度差比较大,电流表示数大;(b)中开水与酒精灯火焰的温度差较小，电流表的示数小，故可得出的结论为：当相互连接的两种金属丝的材料不变时，接触点之间的温度差越小，电路中的电流越小；(2)分析比较图中(a)(c)两图(或(b)(d)两图)，发现当相互连接的两种金属丝的材料相同，金属导线接触点之间的温度差也相同，且用酒精灯对金属导线中部和最长处进行加热时，闭合回路中的电流表示数相同，据此可得出初步结论：当相互连接的两种金属丝的材料相同，金属导线接触点之间的温度差也相同时，电路中的电流大小与金属导体中部温度高低无关． 【点睛】 根据图示判断两个接触点的温度差，然后比较实验中电流表的示数，并与已有的结论对比． 2．在“用伏安法测电阻”的实验中： （1）实验原理是_______________________。
系统测试和集成测试的区别 一般的小系统区分不是很大的。 1、计划和用例编制的先后顺序 从V模型来讲，在需求阶段就要制定系统测试计划和用例，HLD的时候做集成测试计划和用例，有些公司的具体实践不一样，但是顺序肯定是先做系统测试计划用例，再做集成。 2、用例的粒度 系统测试用例相对很接近用户接受测试用例。 集成测试用例比系统测试用例更详细，而且对于接口部分要重点写，毕竟要集成各个模块或者子系统。 3、执行测试的顺序 先执行集成测试，待集成测试出的问题修复之后，（配置管理，基线化），再做系统测试。 4、用例的数量 系统测试的用例数量一般比集成测试的用例数量少，具体的数量要根据各个公司的性能基线来确定，一般写不到这个数量的测试用例还通不过审计。 系统测试这个称呼往往被用于压力测试、容量测试、性能测试、安全测试等方面。 而集成测试这个称呼往往被用于细节化的功能测试的超集——从用户需求来设计和组织较大颗粒度的功能测试。 系统测试最主要的就是功能测试，测试软件《需求规格说明书》中提到的功能是否有遗漏，是否正确的实现。做系统测试要严格按照《需求规格说明书》，以它为标准。测试方法一般都使用黑盒测试 法； 集成测试在系统测试之前，单元测试完成之后系统集成的时候进行测试。集成测试主要是针对程序内部结构进行测试，特别是对程序之间的接口进行测试。集成测试对测试人员的编写脚本能力要求比 较高。测试方法一般选用黑盒测试和白盒测试相结合。 集成测试：是在软件系统集成过程中所进行的测试，其主要目的是检查软件单位之间的借口是否正确。它根据集成测试计划，一边将模块或其他年间单位组
合成越来越大的系统，一边运行该系统，以 分析所组成的系统是否正确，各个组成部分是否合拍。集成测试的策略主要有自顶向下和自底向上两种。也可以理解为在软件设计单元、功能模块组装、集成为系统时，对应用系统的各个部件（软件单元 、功能模块接口、链接等）进行的联合测试，以决定他们能否在一起共同工作，部件可以是代码块、独立的应用、网络上的客户端或服务器端程序。 系统测试：系统测试是基于软件需求说明书的黑盒测试，是对已经集成好的软件系统进行彻底的测试，以验证软件系统的正确性和性能等满足其规约所指定的要求，检查软件的行为和输出是否正确， 并非一项简单的任务，被称为测试的“先知者问题”。因此，系统测试应该按照测试计划进行，其输入、输出和其他的动态运行行为应该与软件规约进行对比。软件系统测试的方法很多，主要有功能测试 ，性能测试，随机测试等。 通俗的讲，一个产品从研发到出厂的工程中，测试分为三个阶段：单元测试、集成测试、系统测试；单元测试：一个模块的功能及常规错误测试；集成测试：完成单元测试后，各模块联调测试；集 中在各模块的接口是否一致、各模块间的数据流和控制硫是否按照设计实现其功能、以及结果的正确性验证等等；可以使整个产品的集成测试，也可以使大模块的集成测试；系统测试：针对整个产品的 全面测试，既包含各模块的验证性测试（验证前两个阶段测试的正确性）和功能性（产品提交个用户的功能）测试，又包括对整个产品的健壮性、安全性、可维护性及各种性能参数的测试。
The Answers to Unit 1 Enhance Your Language Awareness (I) Working with Words and Expressions 2. (1) obtain (2) confident (3) communicate (4) advantage (5) relevant (6) helpful (7) extreme (8) enjoyable (9) means (10) process (11) particularly (12) characters (13) astonished (14) apparently 3. (1) fond of (2) is...related to (3) according to (4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt (7) rid... of (8) cleared up (9) or else (10) at all costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone (13) similar to (14) It's no use (15) in my opinion (16) was worth (II) Increasing Your Word Power 1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b (5) b (6) d 2. (1) highly/very (2) quite/very (3) quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very 3. Adverbs Adjectives efficiently efficient particularly particular fluently fluent quickly quick cheaply cheap continually continual probably probable adventurously adventurous finally final steadily steady slowly slow solemnly solemn really real apparently apparent tentatively tentative exactly exact 4. No Mistake especial→ especially necessarily → necessary frequent → frequently No Mistake easily → easy No Mistake individually → individual much → many high → highly apparently → apparent remarkably → remarkable probable → probably No Mistake (III) Grammar Task 1: (1) would/should (2) should/would (3) might (4) would (5) must (6) can't (7) should would (8) must Task 2: (1) We passed the afternoon very pleasantly, roller-skating in the sun and talking about our childhood under a tree. / The afternoon passed very pleasantly, while we roller-skated in the sun and talked about our childhood under a tree. (2) On entering the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd. / When I entered the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd. (3) When I was only a small boy, my father took me to Beijing and we had a lot of fun together. (4) To write well, a person must read good books. (IV) Cloze
电流和电路单元测试题 一、填空题 1将电源、导线、开关、用电器等元器件连接在一起就组成了_________ 。基本电路的连接 方式有_________ 联和__________联。 2?在电路中提供电能的装置叫____________ ;消耗电能的元器件是 ___________ ;导线的作用是 _________ ;开关的作用是___________ 。 3?使用电流表测电路里的电流，为了避免电流过大损坏电流表，在不能预先估计电流大小的 情况下，要先拿电路的一个线头试触电流表 _____________ 量程的接线柱。 4?通常情况下，干燥的木板是____________ ，但是在潮湿的天气里，木板也会成为 ____________ 这说明导体和绝缘体之间没有绝对的 ____________ ，在一定条件下，它们之间可以发生 _____________ 。 5?如上图所示的电路中，当开关S、S断开，S3、S4闭合时，灯 _____________ 发光，它们的连接 方式是_________ 联；当开关Si闭合，S、S、S断开时，灯_____________ 发光，它们的连接方式是联；当开关S、S3、S闭合，S i断开时，灯发光，它们的连接方式是联；当同时闭合开关S、S3时，灯发光，会出现现象。 6. 永刚同学家中有洗衣机一台，工作电流为1. 2 A ;电冰箱一台，工作电流为 1 ? 2 A ; 日 光灯5盏，工作电流均为180 mA电视机一台，工作电流为500 mA电磁炉一个，工作电流为 4 A。他家的进户保险丝允许通过的最大电流是10 A，他家的这些用电器____________ 同时使用（填“能”或“不能”），理由是__________________ 。 7. 安装家庭电路时，从进户线到用电器之间还接有一些必要的电路元件，请你按顺序填写在 下面的横线上__________________。 8. 家庭电路中的电风扇、洗衣机、电视机等用电器使用的插座与电灯之间的连接方式是 _________ 联，开关与电灯之间的连接方式是___________ 联。 9. ______________________________________________________________ 洗衣机、电冰箱等用电器的电源插头有三条线，其中一条接 ________________________________________ 线（通常标有 __________ 字样）；一条接________ 线（通常标有____ 字样）；第三条线标着E,和用电器的相连，插座上相应的导线和室外___________ 相连，起到保护作用。 、选择题 10. 某同学看到一条通电导线某处绝缘皮因损坏而裸露，为防止触电事故，他想临时将损坏处 包起来，可是，他手边没有绝缘胶带，他可以选用下列材料中的（） A锡箔纸 B .塑料纸 C .湿布条 D .废铁片 11. 下列各组物体中全部属于导体的是（） A铝、陶瓷 B .橡胶、铜 C .油、大地 D .石墨、水银 12. 某同学用电源、开关、导线将三个灯泡连接起来，组成如下图所示电路，下列说法中正确
1)What I didn’t count on was that over time I would sincerely take pride in being a social worker.(我不曾想到，随着时间的流逝，我果真以身为社工而感到自豪） 2)Shooting a quick look at the clock on the wall, Grandma let out a cry, “Oh, My dear /My goodness/My gracious, we’re going to miss the train!”(奶奶迅速瞥了一眼墙上的时钟，发出一声惊呼;天哪，我们要赶不上火车了！) 3)At the kindergarten entrance, I always see some kids/children holding firmly on to their parents. Should young parents be sterner towards their kids/children and leave immediately under these circumstances?(我总在幼儿园门口看到一些孩子抓住父母不让走。请问；在这种情况下，年轻的父母是得对孩子严厉些，赶紧离开？） 4)In the dim street light stood a weeping little girl/ a girl weeping. （昏暗的路灯下站着一个哭泣 的小女孩。） 5)When making donations, rich people should be as considerate as possible in order not to put the recipient in an embarrassing situation. 6)Since last month, my work has been revolving around the routine office duties, so now I am counting the days until the National Day comes, when my friends and I are going hiking in the countryside. 1)In either friendship or love / In both friendship and love, you should never expect to take / receive the maximum while you give the minimum. （无论是友情还是爱情，你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多。） 2)I built all my hopes on his promise(s), only to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all. （我 把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上，结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人） 3)We took Mother to all the best hospitals we could find, but all our efforts were in vain; she failed to survive the disease. （我们带父母亲去了所有我们能找到的最好的医院，但是一切都是徒劳的，母亲还是没能熬过那次疾病) 4)Valentine’s Day is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14, a perfect dayto express love to the object of your / one’s affection. 5)In the information era, communications with far-away friends via e-mail can be almost / virtually simultaneous. 6)Love needs to be nurtured, and the “eternal / everlasting love”that we all dream to have is not forged until we learn to appreciate and tolerate the other. 1)The gasoline price is now at an all-time high, which has brought about wide public concern. (当下汽油价格达到历史新高，这引发了公众的广泛关注） 2)He found that fish and rice feature the Japanese diet, and he then proceeded to write a report on Japanese cooking culture. （他发现鱼和米方是日本人的饮食特色，随即开始就日本饮食文化撰写一份报道） 3)The spectators expected me to come in first but they were in for a shock. With a tumble, my chances for a gold medal in figure skating evaporated. （观众们以为我会轻而昐举名列第一名，哪知我使他们大吃一惊。因为跌倒，我获得花样滑冰金牌的希望就化为了泡影） 4)He was a beggar but he didn’t look the part at all, because he was clean-shaven, wearing glasses and a brand-new suit.
Unit One Living in Harmony Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ▆Working with Words and Expressions 1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ▆Answers: 1)bunch 2)amazed 3)shift 4)bundle 5)drop 6)capacity 7)participating 8)style 9)commerce 10)rob 11)symbol 12)appreciated 13)displayed 14)slip 15)conquer 16)roast 17)figured 2.In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary. ▆Answers: 1)in rich contrast to 2)are exposed to
九年级物理第15章电流和电路单元测试卷 学科 物理 年级 九年级 班级 班 姓名： 一、填空题（10小题，每空1分，共26分） 1、电荷的多少叫 ，实验室常用来检验物体是否带电的仪器叫做 ，它是利用同种电荷相互 的原理制成的。 2、电荷的 形成电流，被毛皮摩擦过的橡胶棒所带的电荷叫做 电荷。 34 5678 910 11 1213、下列电路中不属于并联电路的是（ ） A B C D
b c 14、下列关于发光二极管，说法错误的是（ ）A ．电视机上的指示灯，街道上的红绿灯都用到发光二极管B ．发光二极管只允许电流从它的某一端流入，另一端流出C ．发光二极管是一种半导体电子元件D ．当将发光二极管接入电路中时，电路中电流的方向是负极→发光二极管→正极 15、A 、A 三个电流表的电流分别为I 、I 、I ，则它们之间的关系为（ ） A C 16A C 17（18A 19短路 D ．灯L 2断路 20 A ．I 1三、21点电流的电路图，并标明分） 22 图8
23、某同学用如图的连线来测灯泡L 1的电流。（5分） （1）在该图中，电流表的连接有什么错误？ （2）现要测L 2灯的电流，但只允许变动原图中一根导线中 28、（5分）芳芳家里有一盏电灯不亮了，是停电了还是灯泡坏了？芳芳采用了以下两种办法进行判断，请你分析每一种办法的理由： （1）打开电视机可以正常观看电视节目，这说明： 。 （2）取下灯泡用电池做电源连接电流表，观察电流表发现指针无偏转， 这说明：____________________ ____________ 。 （3）如果让你来判断，你的做法是：________________________________。