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外研版(2019新版)高一必修1第五单元短语和词汇详解

外研版(2019新版)高一必修1第五单元短语和词汇详解
外研版(2019新版)高一必修1第五单元短语和词汇详解

外研版(19)高一必修一第一五单元词组和句型总结

1.seek for (=search for)寻求

2.take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事

3.be determined to do sth.决心做某事

4. solution to ……的解决办法

5.have an effect on 对……有影响

6.kill two birds with one stone 一举两得;一箭双雕

7.hold your horses 慢点;别急

8.rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨

9.brave the elements 不顾恶劣天气;冒着风雨

10.concentrate on 全神贯注于

11.stare at 盯着;凝视着

12.after all 毕竟;终究

13.react to 对…..作出反应

14.react with 和….发生反应

15.a variety of (=varieties of )各种各样的

16.when the cat’s away(the mice will play)猫儿不在,老鼠作怪(管事的不在,下边的人玩儿的痛快)

17.be amazed at/by 对….感到惊讶

18.crash into /onto 撞上;坠毁

19.cut down 缩减;缩小(尺寸;数目);砍到(树)

20.raise the awareness of ..提高……的意识

21.recover from 从…..恢复过来

22.be shocked to do sth.做某事很吃惊

23.from one place to another 从一地到另一地

24.manage to do 达成;设法完成

25.find one’s way to 找到去….的路

26.in the past/last few yeas 近几年来(常与现在完成时态连用)

Eg. Its population has crashed by as much as 90% in the last few years.27.feed on 以…..为食

28.at a speed of 以……速度

29.from time to time 不时;偶尔

30.interact with 和….互动

31.a long time to come 未来的相当长时间

32.in the still lake 在平静的湖里

33.except for 除了

Your composition is good except a few spelling mistakes.(除了….总体是好的)

34.a symbol of ……的象征

35.be based on 根据

句型

1.定语从句:a time when…一个……的时期

The solution to the mystery of the monarch’s amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.

2.同位语从句:…a feeling that …一种…..的感受

While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene,I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched.

3.强调句型

It is /was +被强调部分+that/who +句子剩余部分

It is after all we who are the visitors to their world.

4.the +比较级,the +比较级越……,就越…..

The more we know about this lovely creature, the greater the chance it will survive.(同时也要注意前后句的时态)

核心词汇

词汇1:seek(sought sought)寻求,请求,寻找,设法

[教材原句]

They migrate to find food,seek a partner...它们迁徒是为了寻找食物,寻找伴侣.....

[要点必记

seek(one's)advice 征求(某人的)意见

seek(one's)help请求(某人的)帮助

seek to do sth.设法做某事

谚语:Nothing seek,nothing find.无所求则无所获。

词汇2:measure(1)量,测量,(长度,数量)量度为(2)措施,方法(常用复数)

[教材原句]

It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun.它用眼睛测量太阳的位置。

[要点必记]

(1)measure…by.......衡量

(2)make... to one's own measure依照某人的尺寸做.

take measures to do sth.(= take steps/action to do sth.)采取措施做某事take the measure of sb.(= take one's measure)摸清某人的底细

词汇3:position 位置,方位,职位,工作,姿态,站位

[教材原句]

It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun它用眼睛测量太阳的位置。

[要点必记]

in a...position处于......的地位/处境1位置

in position就位;在适当的位置

out of position在不适当的位置

a leading position 基础地位;首要地位

a sitting/kneeling/lying position坐/跪/卧姿

be in a position of power/strength处于有权力/有实力的地位

[学法点拨]

position point case,stage situation等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时

若定语从句中缺少状语,则用where引导定语从句。Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.销售总监是一个沟通能力和销售技巧同样重要的职位。

词汇4:determine 测定,确定,决定,下决心[教材原句]

...allow the butterfly to determine the way to go......

可以让蝴蝶确定它需要走哪条路。

[要点必记]

(1)determine to do sth.决定/决心做某事determine on(doing)sth.决定(做)某事determine sb.to do sth.使某人下决心做某事

(2)determined adj.坚决的;有决心的be determined to do sth.决心做某事be determined that...决心.....(3)determination n.决心;决定

with determination坚决地

determine v.测定确定;决定;下定决心

词汇5:eventually终于,最终

[教材原句]

Eventually it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter.

最终,它会到达过冬的地方。

[要点必记]

eventual adj.最后的

[学法点拨]

表示列举时最后一项用finally或lastly,而不用eventually。

词汇6:solution解决,解决方法,答案

[教材原句]

The solution to the mystery of the monarch's amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serio us trouble.在黑脉金斑蝶陷入严重困境之际,人们终于揭开了它的惊人能力之谜。

[要点必记]

a solution to..的解决办法1答案(to是介词)provide/offer a solution提供解决办法

suggest/put forward a solution提出解决办法

look for a solution寻找解决办法

词汇7:amazing 惊人的,了不起的

[要点必记]

(1)an amazing achievement/discovery/success 惊人的成就1发现/成功It is amazing that..令人惊讶的......

(2)amaze vt.使惊奇→amazed adj.感到惊奇的,惊讶的be amazed at/by.....感到惊讶

be amazed to see/find..惊讶地看到1发现....

(3)amaze vi.使惊奇→amazement n.吃惊

in amazement吃惊地

to one's amazement令某人吃惊的是

[学法点拨]

..,ing形容词常用来说明事物或人本身具有的特征,意为"合人感到.....";

…ed形容词常用来描述人的感觉,意为“感到....”,还可以描述人的表情、声音等。

词汇8:destroy破坏,毁掉

[教材原句]

…people are destroying the natural environment....人们正在破坏自然环境。

[要点必记]

(1)destroy one's confidence/hope/faith摧毁某人的信心/希望/信仰

(2)destruction n.破坏,毁灭

[词语辨析]destroy damage 与ruin

(1)destroy指彻底“破坏“毁坏”,不能或很难修复;(2)damage指部分性“破坏”“损坏”,-般可以修复;(3)ruin指严重地“毁坏”,侧重于破坏事物的内在价值。

词汇9:lead to 导致,引起,通向

[教材原句]

The research on the monarch's behaviour has however led to a greater awareness of this creature.

然而对黑脉金斑蝶习性的研究使人们对这种动物有了更深刻的认识。

[要点必记]

lead to failure导致失败lead to success通向成功lead to being caught导致

被抓

[学法点拨]

lead to中to是介词后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语

词汇10:feed on (动物)以…为食

[教材原句]

...there are enough plants for it to feed on.....有足够的食物供它食用。

[要点必记]

feed羊on草feed草on羊

feed...up(用大量食物)把....养肥/养壮

live on(人)以.....为主食

词汇11:survive 活下来,幸存

[教材原句]

The more we know about this lovely creature,the greater the chance it will survive.

我们对这种可爱的生物了解得越多,它生存的机会就越.....

[要点必记]

(1)survive the war/accident/flood/fire在战争/事故/洪水/火灾中幸免于难survive the attack在袭击中幸免于难

survive the earthquake在地震中幸免于难people who survive cancer癌症幸存者

survive sb.比某人长寿

survive from.......沿袭下来

survive sb. by…years比某人多活....年

(2)survivor n.幸存者

survival n.幸存

[一言助记]

After he survived the earthquake the old man became one of the few survivors of the family and his survival made his old friends very happy.这位老人在地震中幸存下来之后,成了这个家庭中的少数幸存者之一,他的幸存使他的老朋友们很高兴。

词汇12:effect (1)影响,记过(2)使发生,引起(同义bring about)

[教材原句]

Then use the sentences to complete the “cause-effect" flow charts.然后用句子来完成因果流程图。

[要点必记]

have an effect on对..........影响

have no/some/little/much effect 0n...对....没有/有些/几乎没有/有很大影响

with effect有效地

without effect无效地

take effect生效起作用

of no effect 无效

put/bring sth. into effect实施计划;落实想法

come into effect(法律等)生效

in effect事实上

[词语积累]

effect n.

→effective adj.有效的;生效的

→effectively adv.有效地

重点句式

句式一:过去分词短语做后置定语

[教材原句]

A team of scientists led by Professor Fi Schlizerman at the University of Washington has now found the answer.由华盛顿大学伊萊.施利泽曼教授带领的一个科学家团队现在已经找到了答案。

[句法分析]

led by Professor Eli Schlizerman at the university of Washington是过去分词短语,在句中作后置定语修饰a team of scientists。a team of scientists 与lead 是被动关系。

[要点必记]

分词(短语)作定语

(I)作定语的分词如果是单个分词,要放在所修饰的名词之前;如果是分词短语,则放在所修饰的名词之后。

The new product finally passed the required test.新产品终于通过了要求的测试。(前置定语)

It is a house built by the ancient Romans.它是一栋古罗马人建的房屋。(后置定语)

(2)一般来讲,现在分词与过去分词都可作定语但现在分词表示主动的、正在进行的含义而过去分词表示被动的、已经完成的含义。

(3)不及物动词的过去分词作定语时,不表示被动只强调完成;不及物动词的现在分词作定语时强调动作正在进行。它们一般都放在所修饰的名词之前。请比较不及物动词的过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别:

fallen leaves落叶

falling leaves正在飘落的树叶

the risen sun已升起的太阳

the rising sun正在冉冉升起的太阳

a returned student已归国的学生

a returning student归国途中的学生

句式二:the+比较级…the+比较级越…就越…[教材原句]

The more we know about this lovely creature the greater the chance it will survive...

我们对这种可爱的生物了解得越多,它生存的机会就越大.....

[要点必记]

(1)"the+比较级(+主语+谓语),the+比较级(+主语+谓语)”表示“越....,就越....前者表示条件后者表示结果。

(2)比较级+and+比较级越来越....

more and more+多音节形容词原级越来越....

词汇13:Animal idioms 动物习语

[要点必记]

Kill two birds with one stone.一举两得/一箭双雕。When the cat's away the mice will play.猫儿不在老鼠翻天。

The early bird catches the worm笨鸟先飞。

It's raining cats and dogs.大雨倾盆。

Never offer to teach fish to swim切莫班门弄斧。

词汇14:accommodation 住处,工作场所,停留处,膳食

[教材原句]

Our accommodation is perfect.我们的食宿好极了。[要点必记]

provide accommodations for 为.....提供膳宿

[归纳拓展]

accommodate v..为....提供住宿/空间;适应;(房间、建筑物等)容纳accommodate/adapt(oneself)to适应;.....适应....

词汇15:found(founded,founded)创立,建立[教材原句]

The oldest z0o in China is Beijing Zoo,which was founded in 1906.

最古老的动物园是北京动物园,它建于1906年。[要点必记]

be founded on建立.....基础上;(建筑物)建立..... [一言辨异]

We find it difficult to found an organization. But recently we found that they had founded their trade union.我们发现建立一个组织很难。但最近,我们发现他们成立了工会组织。

单元语法

定语从句(II)--关系副词的用法[要点1]

概述

当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语时,应使用关系副词when where why。

关系副词的作用如下:

(1)指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词;

(2)在从句中充当句子成分一状语;

(3)起连接作用把主句和定语从句连接起来。[要点2]关系副词引导的定语从句

(1)when引导的定语从句

when表示时间代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语其先行词往往是表示时间的名词如time,day,week,year 等。

[误区警示)

(1)当先行词是时间名词时,定语从句既可用when 引导,也可以用that 或which引导关键看关系词在从句中作何种成分。

(2)若关系词在定语从句中作状语则用when引导;若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则用that 或which 引导。

(3)where引导的定语从句

where表示地点代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语,其先行词往往是表示地点的名词如place factory,house village 等,或表示抽象地点的名词,如position,point case stage,situation,atmosphere 等。

[误区警示]

当先行词是地点名词时,如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则用that 或which引导定语从句。(4)why引导的定语从句

why表示原因,代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因

状语其先行词是表示理由的名词

reason。[误区警示]

若代替先行词reason 的关系词在定语从句中不作状语,而是充当主语或宾语则用that 或which引导定语从句。

词汇16:observe 看到,观察,遵守,奉行(法律,风俗等),庆祝

[教材原句]

you can observe animals in their natural environment,你可以在自然环境中观察动物。

[要点必记]

(1)observe sb.do sth.观察到某人做了某事observe sb. doing sth.观察到某人正在做某事observe that..观察.

observe traffic rules遵守交通规则celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival 庆祝中秋节

(2)observation n.观察

[误区警示]

observe sb.do sth.变为被动语态时不定式要加上to。

词汇17:recover(1)(从糟糕的经历中)恢复,恢复(能力,知觉等)(2)痊愈,恢复(健康等)(3)重新获得,找回。

[教材原句]

When I recovered from the shock I looked at my camera.

当我从震惊中恢复过来时我看着我的相机。

[要点必记](1)recover from......中恢复recover oneself静下心来

(2)recovery n.恢复痊愈;复得,找回make a full recovery完全康复

make a quick/slow recovery恢复很快/缓慢

[学法点拨]前缀re-表示“重"“又“再”等含义。

类似的还有repeat(重复),return(回来)rebuild (重建)review(复习),rewrite(重写改写)等。

词汇18:encounter 相遇,邂逅,经历

[教材原句]

An Encounter with Nature与大自然的邂逅

[要点必记]

a chance encounter偶然相遇

a child's first encounter with books孩子第一次接触书本

a close encounter with a snake险遇一条蛇

词汇19:concentrate(sth.)on(sth.)把注意力集中于,全神灌注于,concentrate专注,专心

[教材原句]

While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene....

当我正在全神贯注地拍摄这一令人惊叹的景象时.....

[要点必记]

(1)focus...on...集.....于.....

focus on把注意力集中于.....

(2)concentration n.集中;专心

词汇20:scene 景色,景象,场面,场景,发生地点,现场,(戏剧或歌剧的)场

[要点必记]

battle scenes;战斗场面

the scene of the accident/crime事故/犯罪现场

on the scene到现场

at the scene在现场

Act I,Scene 2 of "Hamlet"《哈姆雷特》第1幕第2场

[词语辨析]view,sight ,scene与scenery

(1)view指从远处或高处看到的景色;

(2)sight指旅游观光的风光包括城市景色或自然风光;

(3)scene是scenery的一部分,多包括其中的人物及活动;

(4)scenery指某-国家或地区总的自然景色。

词汇21:stare 凝视,盯着看

[教材原句]

With water falling off its thick brown hair the bear stared back at me.

随着水从它浓密的棕色毛发上滴落下来那只熊回望着我。

[要点必记]

stare at sb.盯着某人看;凝视某人stare sb.in the face 盯着某人的脸看stare sb. up and down上下打量某人

[归纳拓展]

glare at怒视

fix one's eyes on盯着看glance at 瞥一眼(指粗略地看一下)

词汇22:shock(1)吃惊,震惊,令人震惊的事,休克(2)使吃惊,使惊愕

[要点必记]

(1)It shocks sb.to see/hear...看到/听到.....使某人震惊。

be in a state of shock惊魂未定/处于休克状态

a great shock to sb.对某人来说是个极大的震惊(抽象名词具体化)

(2)shocking adj.令人震惊的,,令人憎恶的shocked adj.惊愕的震惊的

be shocked at/by.....感到震惊

be shocked to do sth.对做某事感到震惊

shocked look/expression震惊的表情

shocked voice震惊的声音

◆一言助记

This is shocking news. It has shocked everyone,and everyone is shocked at the news.

这是令人震惊的消息。它震惊了每个人,每个人都对这个消息感到震惊。

词汇23:capture v.(用文字或图片)记录,捕捉;捕获

[教材原句]

My most frightening but magical experience was now captured forever in a single image.

我最可怕但最神奇的经历,现在被永远地记录在了一张照片中。

[要点必记]

capture sb/sth. on film/tape拍摄/录制某人1某物capture one's imagination/attention激发某人的想象力1吸引某人注意capture sb.by surprise出其不意地俘获某人

capture one's heart赢得某人的心,使某人倾心

词汇24:after all毕竟,终究

[教材原句]

It is after all we who are the visitors to their world.毕竟我们是他们世界的访客。

[要点必记]

after all"'终究,还是",表示结果与预想的不同,常置于句末;“毕竟,别忘了”,解释或说明理由,常置于句首

above all首先,最重要的是

in all 总共,总计

(not)at all完全(不),一点儿(都不)

◆一言助记

You shouldn't have scolded the boy at all,for he is a child after all. Above all,he made only two mistakes in all.你根本不该责备那个男孩,因为他毕竟还是个孩子。最重要的是,他总共才出了两处错误。

词汇25:reaction n.(对某一情形或事件的)反应[教材原句]

What is your opinion of the photographer's re action when he saw the bear?

你如何评价摄影师看到熊时的反应?[要点必记]in reaction to针对.....的反应

[词语积累]

react v.回应;抗拒;发生反应react to......起反应react against反抗,反对

react on/upon有影响,起作用,起化学反应

react with...与....发生反应

reactive adj.反应的;有反应的

重点句式

句式一:with复合结构

[教材原句]

With water falling off its thick,brown hair,the bear stared back at me.

随着水从它浓密的棕色毛发上滴落下来,那只熊回望着我。

[要点必记]

with复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”常在句中作状语,表示原因、方式、时间、,条件或伴随等。具体形式主要有:

(1)with+宾语+形容词(2)with+宾语+副词(3)with+宾语+现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)(4)with+宾语+过去分词(表示被动或已经完成)(5)with+ 宾语+动词不定式(表示尚未发生)(6)with+宾语+介词短语

[学法点拨]

with复合结构在句中还可作定语。

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